Index of Selected Topics, Cities, Countries and Continents
Abbasid (Caliphate, Dinasty)
15, 307–14, 419, 429, 435, 451, 476, 529, 547
Academy (Platonic and New-platonic academy)
47, 55, 66–7, 98, 126
Africa
38–9, 95, 98, 101, 116, 150, 173, 177, 184, 188, 190, 196–7, 200, 417, 436, 475, 476, 536, 560
Afterlife
374, 494, 498
Alexandria (of Egipt)
81, 147, 167–68, 170, 175, 178, 183, 195, 454, 521–22, 524
Allah
301–2, 312, 314, 346, 352, 394, 436, 465, 467
Anarchy (political and social anarchy)
225, 343, 356, 413, 477, 511, 515, 538, 563
Arabia
173, 188–91, 299–300, 312, 364, 425, 433, 534
Arabian Peninsula
299, 419, 438, 534–35
Arabs
302, 304, 307, 311, 314, 336, 391, 393, 401, 418, 425, 426, 469, 475, 477–78, 480, 521, 526, 541, 543, 544, 546, 551
Aristocracy (political regime)
31, 34–6, 91, 105, 110, 123, 129–30, 136–37, 344, 379, 507, 510, 563
Aristotelian (Conception of the world, of etics, of the sciences, of society, Liceum, Aristotelian oikoumene)
9, 80, 84, 90, 172, 280–82, 313, 317–18, 322, 328, 332, 340, 344, 346, 348, 362, 364, 368, 370, 385–6, 458, 460, 481, 488, 491, 495–7, 501–2, 507, 510, 517, 555, 561
Asia
Asia Minor
38, 113–4, 146–7, 168
Central Asia
167, 192, 291, 299–300, 308, 312, 362, 375, 390, 393–4, 398, 403, 418, 434, 452, 464, 472
East Asia
299
Association (social and political association)
123, 131, 321, 326, 333, 337, 342–4, 351, 376, 482, 510
Astrology
104, 201, 316, 460
Astronomy
4, 51, 67, 168, 171–2, 174, 184, 195, 200, 281–2, 311, 316–7, 323, 388, 392, 405, 431–3, 441, 460, 470, 489, 533, 557–8
Athens
28, 30–1, 36, 41, 43–6, 55, 67, 91, 111, 124, 133, 141, 144–5, 153, 168, 410, 511, 563–4
Atom (Atomism, Atomic theory)
49, 55, 509, 555
Axial age (Axial revolution)
2, 5, 7–10, 18, 21, 42, 45, 48, 65, 144, 167, 205–6, 210, 216, 223, 240, 258, 291–4, 551, 559, 566
Baghdad
307–8, 310–3, 316, 325, 361, 375, 387, 418–22, 426, 431–2, 439, 441, 445, 451–5, 472, 475–6, 479, 547
Beauty
54, 78, 200, 328, 375
Becoming
20, 52, 125, 136, 207, 212, 240, 308, 311–2, 343, 367, 373, 383, 504, 516, 547, 557
Body
4, 31–2, 34–5, 52–3, 59, 63–4, 83–5, 105, 118, 120, 131, 199, 242, 316, 321, 327, 333–4, 345–8, 363, 367, 373, 383–4, 397, 403–5, 410, 432, 437, 458, 460, 461–2, 469, 496–7, 503, 535
Buddhism
2, 9, 245, 282
Caliph
303–7, 310–2, 314, 417, 421, 429, 431, 441–2, 445, 452, 454, 523, 529, 552
Caliphate
15, 299, 302–11, 314–5, 337, 345–7, 375, 387, 416–8, 421, 424–5, 434, 439, 452, 472, 475–6, 479–80, 520, 529, 544, 547–8
Cartography
437, 444–5
Cause
56, 62, 87, 102, 106, 210, 244, 285–6, 294, 312, 318–9, 320–3, 326, 369, 377, 382–3, 404, 415, 418, 458, 460–1, 497, 535, 540, 543–4, 562
First Cause
321–2, 326, 328, 331–2, 347
China
2, 5–7, 9–11, 42, 138, 146, 173, 180, 182, 187, 190–3, 196, 200, 206–8, 210, 224, 227, 245, 257–8, 260–2, 265–6, 269–71, 273, 279–83, 289, 291, 308, 312, 375, 382, 393, 403, 409, 415, 419, 427, 430, 436, 443, 445, 472, 528, 529, 551–2, 554, 557–8, 564
Choice
32, 35, 77, 87–9, 264, 326, 378, 410, 471, 477, 553, 561, 562
Christianity
7, 10, 157–65, 214, 292–4, 300–2, 312, 316, 319, 368, 387, 470, 511
Chronology
391, 393, 396, 407, 527
The Chou Pei School
281
Circumference (Measurement of)
169–2, 175, 178, 195, 443
Citizen
30, 34–6, 68, 124, 141, 195, 344
City
City (in Graeco-roman context)
15, 17, 28, 30–1, 33–4, 43–4, 46, 67, 70, 78, 91–2, 97, 99, 113–5, 117, 124–5, 136, 138, 140–1, 146, 150, 157, 160–2, 164, 168, 177, 182–3, 192, 195, 552, 563
City (in Islamic context)
300, 307–8, 311–2, 333–7, 342–57, 361, 374–5, 378, 380, 388, 402, 419, 439, 444, 476, 478, 481, 483, 489, 490, 503–13, 515–6, 520–3, 535, 540, 542–3
Ignorant cities
15, 342–4, 350, 356, 507
Virtuous city (in Islamic though as opposed to ignorant or errant cities)
336–7, 343–4, 346, 349–50, 352, 380, 506, 508–10, 512–3, 516
Community (in general)
14–5, 28, 30–1, 33, 36–7, 44–5, 63–5, 69, 85, 90–1, 104, 108, 126, 130, 138–9, 157, 160–2, 201, 210, 252, 261, 272, 284, 299, 302, 304–6, 332–4, 337, 344, 346, 351, 353, 355, 357, 376, 392, 399, 423–5, 469, 481, 483, 493–4, 503, 511, 538, 546, 550, 559, 564
Islamic community (Ummah)
346
Political community
160, 481, 564
Confucianism
207, 213–5, 218, 220, 223–5, 232–5, 240, 243, 245, 247, 249, 257, 260, 265, 282–3, 561, 565
Constitution
30–6, 67, 82–3, 91, 106–110, 122, 127, 129, 130–1, 133, 135, 138, 142, 148, 162, 308, 331–2, 349, 381, 536, 564
Cosmopolitanism
54, 124, 161, 307, 430
Council of Jerusalem
161
Creation of the World
10, 320
Creator
323, 392, 404, 405
Customs or Social Habits
38–41, 45, 103, 111, 115, 139–40, 143, 147, 151, 154, 157, 159, 161, 167, 171, 173, 176, 179–81, 187, 192, 197–8, 200, 250, 261, 269, 273, 289–90, 299, 342, 345, 349, 397, 411, 417, 427, 435–7, 442–4, 455, 464, 530, 533, 535, 540
Dar al-harb (the land of the infidels)
430
Dar al-islam (the land of Islam)
430, 438
Democracy
4, 10, 19, 28, 31, 34–6, 91, 105–8, 111, 122, 130, 134–5, 148, 340, 342–4, 381, 483, 511–2, 515–6, 563, 564
Demonstration
46, 168, 174, 185, 319–20, 325, 334, 366–7, 377, 386, 405, 438, 457, 463, 469, 486, 492, 495, 517
Desire
8, 62, 68, 74, 78, 110, 127, 151, 159, 207, 222, 241, 243, 245, 254, 289, 300, 328, 342, 343, 348, 367, 377, 384, 391, 397, 419, 432, 453, 496–7, 505, 508, 511, 529, 531, 536–7
Determinism
534
Discrimination
222
Disorder
206, 223, 243, 257, 343, 402, 409, 413, 439
Disposition
68, 134, 199, 331, 373, 492, 494, 504, 506–7, 516, 562
Divine
6, 17–8, 32–3, 49, 52, 54, 61, 66–7, 81, 83, 89–90, 92, 118, 126, 140–1, 149, 153, 159, 184, 198, 200, 236–7, 267, 284–5, 293, 301, 314, 348, 355, 365, 374, 382, 404, 408, 410, 459, 462, 467, 469, 497, 535, 538–9, 545
Dream
73, 116–8, 120, 124, 358, 396
Dynasty
5, 146, 153, 211–2, 224, 227, 234, 247, 251, 257–8, 260–2, 265, 267–73, 275, 281, 289, 306–7, 388, 390–91, 394, 398, 403, 419, 435, 440, 452, 472, 476–7, 486, 488, 512–4, 520, 529, 544
Education
35, 40, 98, 161, 182, 210, 220, 223, 237, 340, 342, 386, 394, 419–20, 426, 430, 452–3, 466, 485, 489, 494, 503, 506, 509, 520, 561
Elements (natural elements)
19, 31, 44, 84, 108–9, 210, 329, 405, 425, 514, 537
Emanation
322, 326, 338, 348, 367–9, 382, 435, 458, 495, 517
The Emperor as a God
152–3, 552
Epicureans
68, 71–2, 81, 83, 89–90, 92, 120, 124, 126, 333–4
Epistemology
56–7, 72, 100, 183
Equality
35, 102, 105–6, 131, 133–4, 138, 153, 225, 232, 274, 342, 344, 355, 410, 510, 515, 563
Equator
173, 186, 197, 438, 443, 445, 533–5, 559, 560
Er (Myth of Er)
32, 283, 290
Esprit de corps (Asabiya)
542, 545, 547
Eternal (world or life)
21, 58, 63, 74–5, 81–4, 91, 117–20, 125, 157, 236, 242, 280, 320–3, 366, 368, 384, 391, 401, 404, 421, 453, 458, 460, 463, 495, 498, 555–6
Eternity of the world
82, 117, 282, 317, 368, 404, 458, 463, 495
Ethics
9, 54–6, 61, 64, 70, 79, 87, 177, 316, 344, 422, 566
Ethos
103–4, 106, 109, 122, 136–7, 142, 163–4, 514
Eurasia (Eurasian Civilizations, and Societies)
11, 289, 291, 403, 408, 410, 424, 436, 556–7, 559
Europe
38–9, 95–6, 101, 150, 165, 178, 180–1, 186, 188, 196–7, 199, 290, 294, 300, 387, 430, 439, 475, 478, 480, 487, 489, 505, 516, 528,
Existence
6, 7, 18, 21, 35, 51–3, 59–60, 64–5, 69, 86, 115, 134, 193, 201, 206, 229, 236–7, 240, 253, 268, 271, 280, 282, 289, 291, 305, 318, 319–20, 322–3, 326–7, 331, 333, 342, 344, 350–1, 354, 365–70, 373–4, 376–7, 382–4, 392, 404, 408, 432, 434, 439, 451, 460, 462, 469, 483–4, 493–5, 497, 499, 529, 535, 537, 539, 542–3, 553
Faculty (Human Faculties)
30, 59, 126, 330, 332, 348, 362–3, 373
Fallacy
224, 320, 468, 508
The Fighting Kingdom
258, 262, 270–1
Filial piety
213, 598
Foreigner
68, 124, 388, 397, 399, 412
Freedom
35, 87, 102, 105–6, 111, 134, 162–3, 201, 312–3, 344, 432, 494, 496, 497, 558
Friendship
54, 63, 116, 139, 150, 187, 312, 376
Geography
51, 67, 80, 98, 168, 170–1, 174, 177, 179–83, 185, 189–90, 311, 388, 416, 428, 430–7, 439, 441–3, 445, 559–60
Geometry
168–9, 171–2, 183–4, 281–2, 311, 316, 332, 358
Golden age
30, 51, 206, 224, 247, 250, 270, 303, 407–8, 416, 431, 434, 503, 513, 561
Guardians (in the Platonici Republic)
31, 374, 482, 503–5, 513
Happiness
6–8, 31–33, 36, 41, 51, 54–5, 57–8, 60, 62–5, 86, 88–9, 201, 206, 241, 330, 332–7, 340, 343–4, 346, 348, 350, 354, 374, 376, 381–4, 405, 407, 411, 466, 471, 481–2, 501–2, 512, 516, 544, 552, 566
Happy Life
6, 10, 12, 87, 381, 501
Heart
22, 85, 163, 197, 207, 208, 254, 360, 362, 403, 419, 456, 466–8
Heavens
171, 281, 557–8
Hierarchy
79, 225, 274, 314, 328, 331, 355, 373, 409, 433, 536
Honours (als as Honor)
32, 90, 97, 103, 118, 134–5, 142, 222, 264, 343, 353, 356, 361, 453, 513
Man of honour
208–9, 211, 214–5
House of Wisdom
311–3, 316, 325, 431, 441, 445, 451
Human body
345, 410, 503
Humaneness
212
Humanism
153, 435, 440
Humanity
2–4, 6, 8, 11–2, 31, 33, 37, 42, 45, 51, 54, 64, 68–9, 83, 85, 119, 121–4, 137, 140–1, 159–62, 174, 200–1, 206, 208–14, 220, 222, 243, 252, 269, 282–4, 286, 292, 302, 334, 336, 352–3, 409, 424, 431, 437, 485, 488, 493, 516, 519, 525, 527, 531, 538–9, 545, 547–8, 560–1
The Hsüan Yeh School
280
The Hu Thien School
280–1, 558
Identity
17, 19, 37, 69, 96, 109, 128, 130, 134, 145, 167, 207, 209, 213, 240, 260–1, 271, 293, 308, 314, 351, 353, 373, 388, 393, 401, 417, 423–4, 434–5, 464, 509, 552–3, 559
Ignorance
250, 343, 350, 395, 402, 497, 529
Imitation
334, 348, 367, 503
Immortality
60–1, 118, 293
India (and Indian society or Civilization)
2, 4–10, 12, 18, 36, 40, 52, 76–7, 145–6, 162, 167, 171–5, 178–9, 182, 184, 186–7, 189, 191–3, 199, 290–91, 299, 310–3, 317, 323, 358, 382, 390–1, 394–415, 407, 410–1, 415, 417, 419, 427, 430–1, 436, 439, 445, 451, 463, 470, 528, 551, 554, 557
Intellect
33, 284, 320, 322, 327–8, 331–2, 348, 368–70, 373, 377, 383–4, 458, 490, 498–9, 517
Active Intellect
331–32, 348, 483, 495, 517
Intelligible
322, 348, 373, 384
Irrational
84, 90, 514
Islam
10–11, 299–308, 310–4, 321, 326, 335, 342, 349–50, 352, 354–5, 363, 365, 374, 379–80, 383, 386–7, 393, 398, 402, 415–9, 421–7, 430–1, 434–40, 445, 452, 454, 463, 470–2, 475–81, 486, 488, 492–5, 503, 506, 511, 513, 520, 523, 526–7, 533, 538–9, 542, 545–9, 552, 555, 557–8, 563–5
Islamic faith
306, 420, 463
Islamic vision of the world
308, 324, 430, 479, 519
The Khai Thien School
280
Language
11, 52–3, 64, 74–5, 77, 85, 90, 111, 138, 170, 182, 190, 195, 208, 237, 265, 273, 280, 311, 314, 328, 330, 336, 351, 360, 373, 381, 388, 397, 425, 434, 469, 491, 493, 542, 546–7, 554
The Legalist School
247
Love
51, 91, 104, 199–200, 209, 213, 215, 220–1, 223, 225, 294, 328, 343, 351, 368, 376, 497, 504, 508, 512–3, 545, 556–7
Universal Love
91, 215, 218–22, 294
The Malthusian Thesis of Han Fei Tzu
251
Marriage
40, 139, 271, 376–7, 411–2
Mathematicians
46, 75, 311, 392, 416, 431
Mathematics
51, 171, 200, 317, 319–20, 323, 360, 365, 388, 405, 431–2, 435, 441, 457, 464, 520
Matter
9, 17, 21, 39, 58–9, 62, 68–70, 75–9, 81–2, 84, 89, 101, 103, 111, 116, 118, 127, 130–1, 171, 201, 210, 224, 227, 240, 247, 249, 252, 256, 272, 284, 304, 311–2, 322, 327–8, 330–1, 334, 340, 344, 350, 365, 368–70, 373–4, 377, 379, 381–3, 395, 397, 403–4, 430, 434, 459, 462, 464, 466, 471, 483, 489, 496, 497–9, 501, 507–8, 555–6
Medicine
51, 67, 259, 311, 316, 358, 363, 460, 470, 489, 502, 558
Meridian
170, 174–5, 178
Metempsychosis
4, 403
Moderation
67, 90, 466, 505–6
Morality
200, 207, 211, 244, 248, 502
Music
51, 131, 208, 223, 252, 265–6, 316, 428, 504
Muʿtazila or Muʿtazilites
313, 323, 396n, 421, 430, 432, 439
Neoplatonism
416
Nomadism
539, 542
Nomads
526
Ochlocracy
30, 34, 343–4, 563
Parallel
80, 171, 174–5, 185–6, 192, 197, 280, 416, 513
Perception
73, 84, 180, 193, 206, 269, 320, 481, 483, 527
Perfection
88, 107, 214, 236–7, 320, 327–8, 330, 333–6, 348, 350, 354, 367, 373, 382–4, 498
The Peripatetic School
172
Persia (and Persian society and civilization)
17, 95–6, 145, 167, 199, 299–300, 364, 393, 403, 410, 428–30, 433–4, 443, 464, 512, 526
Phronesis or Prudence
63, 78, 89, 345, 348, 502, 505, 508
Planets
76, 80, 119, 198, 336, 383, 557–8
Pleasure
63, 68, 88–9, 101, 134, 234, 328, 343, 353, 441, 505, 510, 512, 514
Poetry
438, 588
Political Philosophy
325
Political power
95, 147, 227, 232–4, 304, 308, 452
Politics
19, 33, 43, 97, 98, 113, 124, 133, 146, 148, 159, 171, 184, 207, 232, 250, 257, 284, 286, 305, 308, 314, 337, 344, 348, 402, 417, 501, 515, 521, 525, 546, 549, 561
Prayer
301, 419, 464, 469, 545
Predestination
313
Prophet (generally as Muhammad)
8, 299–303, 305, 314, 325, 348, 373–4, 378, 386, 394, 409, 471, 477, 493, 508, 548
Providence
66–7, 77–8, 86, 269, 382
Ptolemaic method in Geography
436–7
Punishment
142, 157–8, 208, 223, 255–6, 336, 384, 409, 412–3
Quraysh family
546
Rationalism
58, 71, 240, 364, 387, 412, 432, 451, 463, 483, 494, 517
Reason (substantive reason)
9, 22, 37, 52–3, 56, 59–60, 66, 70, 72–3, 78, 82, 84–91, 125–7, 157, 160–1, 163, 195, 208, 260, 291, 307, 313, 320, 330, 332, 336, 342, 355, 365, 373, 377, 381, 383–4, 386, 391, 451, 456, 459–60, 465n, 468–72n, 482, 485, 487, 491, 495, 502, 505–6, 508, 518–20, 526, 548
Human reason
9, 313, 487, 518–9
Religion
2, 6, 11, 40, 45, 54, 60, 103–4, 109–10, 122, 142–3, 150, 154, 157, 159, 163–4, 179, 292–3, 300–8, 312–4, 325–6, 332, 342, 346, 350, 352, 365, 373–4, 380–1, 383, 391, 393–4, 396–8, 401–3, 409, 414, 417–8, 422, 424–5, 428, 430, 432–5, 437, 451–2, 456, 465, 467, 471–2, 481, 485, 490–1, 502, 514, 526, 534–6, 538–9, 543–9, 551–2, 566
Representation
39, 73, 287, 308, 330, 332, 348, 433, 437, 457
Reproduction
40, 49, 65, 84, 504, 513, 540
Responsibility
32, 157, 270, 273, 301, 313, 545
Revelation
2, 120, 313, 323, 344, 369, 373, 470–1, 482, 485–6
Reward
32, 223, 255–6, 269, 336, 360, 409
Rhetoric
31, 248, 320, 525–6
Right
10, 22–4, 28, 30, 33, 39, 43–4, 64–6, 87, 90, 125, 130, 133, 138, 140, 142, 159, 188, 198, 207, 222, 224, 226, 253, 255–6, 265, 300, 304, 306, 334, 343, 354, 356, 377, 382, 385, 396, 402, 412–3, 429, 462, 484, 492, 494, 526, 546, 550, 565–6
Rome (and Roma society and civilizations)
5, 11, 36, 48, 69, 91, 95–119, 121–4, 127–30, 133, 135–8, 141–157, 162–4, 180–91, 196–7, 289, 299–300, 393, 433, 476, 480, 526, 552
Roman Empire
146, 149, 150, 156–7, 163–5, 193, 289, 294, 299, 475, 558, 564
Roman Republic
96–7, 99, 104, 107, 123, 128, 163
Ruler
66, 120, 208, 251, 349, 507
Saudi Arabia
364, 425
The School of names
265
The School of Naturalists or yin and yang
265
Skepticism
453, 455
Slavery
28, 30, 133, 162, 282, 354, 564
Social classes
, 108, 129–32, 142, 149, 218, 227, 374, 394, 403, 410, 491, 506, 515, 551
Social differentiation
105
Social organization
393, 417, 536–7, 539, 543–4, 550
Solidarity (Social)
29, 139, 542–3, 546–7, 549, 562–3, 566
Soul
4, 32, 36, 53–4, 57–3, 66, 70, 72–3, 83–5, 90, 117–20, 158, 163, 198, 200, 293, 322, 330–1, 333–34, 350, 363, 369–373, 383–4, 397, 403–4, 428, 453, 460–2, 468–9, 497–9, 513
Salvation of the soul
411, 467, 470, 501–2
Space
7, 36, 40, 59, 75, 80, 82, 101, 113, 119, 169, 197, 261, 267, 280–1, 354, 393, 407, 414, 443, 460, 461, 531, 550, 553
Species
85, 162, 320, 322, 329–30, 370, 376, 382–3, 442–3, 458–9, 537
Sphere (the Eart as a Sphere)
20–1, 24, 39, 49, 54, 76, 79–80, 85, 89, 114, 118, 139, 151, 153, 157, 161, 169, 183, 185, 197, 242–3, 245, 279–81, 328, 336, 340, 347, 354, 369–81, 382–3, 405, 411, 414, 416, 438, 443, 496, 512, 564
Stoa
47, 67–70, 77, 98
Stoicism
47, 55, 66–9, 69n, 71, 87, 118, 120, 123, 126, 131, 137, 183, 561, 565
Sympathy
49, 116, 512
Taoism
210, 219–36, 240, 242–5, 247, 249, 263, 265–7, 281, 555
Thought
3, 6–7, 46–7, 52, 55–6, 60, 64–5, 70, 72–3, 75–6, 80, 83, 85–6, 89, 99, 102, 106, 110, 113–5, 131, 135, 138, 183, 185, 189, 198, 201, 208, 212–3, 216, 218, 224, 293, 301, 313, 317, 320–2, 332, 337, 343–4, 360, 366, 373, 380, 391, 395, 396, 412, 439, 462, 480, 482, 486, 495, 499, 501, 505, 508, 517, 519, 529, 533, 540, 550
Turks (Turchic people and society)
307, 336, 380, 401, 418, 541–2, 547–8
Tyranny
30, 34–5, 105, 133, 341–4, 353, 511–2, 515–6, 545, 563
Ummah
301–2, 424–5
Unio Mystica
350
Universe
6, 9, 10, 12, 17, 51, 74, 279, 310, 324–5, 365, 555
Utopia
206, 505, 508
Virtue
31–3, 35, 52, 65, 67, 85–90, 135, 154, 160, 162, 185, 201, 211–2, 214, 222, 233, 236–7, 239, 242–5, 248–9, 270, 282–3, 319, 330–1, 333, 344, 346, 352, 354, 374, 380, 412, 466–7, 482–3, 492, 503, 507, 510, 515, 531, 561–2
Vote
30, 130, 133, 285, 344
Wisdom
2, 25, 54, 88–9, 108, 130, 135, 142–3, 185, 223, 244, 254, 349, 410, 467, 505–6, 508–9, 565
Woman-women (images of)
13, 19, 28, 33, 43, 55, 83, 94, 105, 141, 145, 193, 200–1, 267, 293, 315, 330, 337, 338, 378–9, 414, 412, 503, 505, 507–8, 514, 517, 519, 522, 524, 547, 565
World
Οἰκουμένη
37, 46, 96, 111
Inhabited world
95–96, 111, 119, 167, 169–79, 181, 183–92, 197–9, 335, 391, 440, 560
Oikoumene
12, 40, 166–7, 169, 172–3, 177–80, 182–3, 185, 189–90, 193, 196–7, 280, 308, 335, 337, 349, 406, 438, 559, 560
Worship
139, 272, 293, 374, 399, 409, 535, 545
Xiongnu
261, 271–3, 290