Index
Page numbers in bold refer to tables; page numbers in italics refer to figures; ‘n’ after a page number indicates the footnote number.
ABM (Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty)
163
Abu Ghraib (Iraq)
208, 217, 314, 315
academic community/UN partnership
88–91
accountability
58
civil society
335
EU
113, 114
good governance
4, 94, 95, 98, 99–101, 105, 272
good governance in IOs
92, 95, 105–109, 115
NGOs
100–101, 298
Third UN
298–299
UN Security Council
106, 107
Acemoglu, Daron
326
Acharya, Amitav
393
ACUNS (Academic Council on the UN System)
1, 89, 285
ADB (Asian Development Bank)
430, 432, 434, 436, 437, 439, 440, 441, 443
environmental protection
442
AfDB (African Development Bank)
102, 104–105, 432, 434, 435
Afghanistan
357
al-Qaeda
377, 378
Bonn Agreement
378
Hamas
379–380
impartiality principle
371, 377, 380
natural resources
181
New Wars
180, 181
SRSG
11, 370, 371, 377–380, 388, 389
stabilization mission in
408, 409, 410, 427
Taliban
11, 370, 378–379, 387
UN/NGOs partnership
87
UN SC Resolution 1378
378
UNAMA (UN Operation in Afghanistan)
371, 378
US Operation Enduring Freedom
377–378
Eide, Kai; SRSG
AFL-CIO (American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations)
121
Africa
34, 335
Central Africa: New Wars
168, 176, 188, 191
Great Lakes
95, 418, 424, 425
regional conflicts
413
the Sahel
418, 424, 426
sub-Saharan Africa
61, 94
UN peacekeeping
10, 418, 426
West Africa: New Wars
168, 176, 179, 186, 188, 191
Agir Ici
129
AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)
20, 58, 70, 293
AIIB (Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank)
13, 463, 464, 481
Articles of Agreement
428, 430, 431, 432, 433, 435–436, 441, 442
balance of authority
430–432
Boards
430, 432, 433–436
China
13, 428, 429, 430–432, 436, 437, 440–441, 443, 463
continuity and innovation in global governance
429–436
creation of
428–429
demand
437–440
effectiveness of
436, 437
founding members
428, 430, 431, 433n17
Germany
431
goals of
428, 430, 440–441
India
431, 433, 439
Indonesia
439, 440, 443
management
432–433
Multilateral Interim Secretariat
430, 431, 432, 433, 442
new model
440–444
prospects and determinants
436–444
Russia
431
South Korea
431
staff
443–444
sustainability and environmental protection
442
three-level governance structure
430
Albania
468
Alberdi, Juan Bautista
395–396
Alger, Chadwick
288, 291
Algeria
168, 177, 179, 186
Al-Khatin, Abdelilah
348
al-Qaeda
206, 209, 377, 378, 410
al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb
410
Al-Shabaab
11, 410, 412, 415–416, 417, 425–426
American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man
11, 393, 401–405, 406
IX Inter-American Conference
405
drafting ahead of UDHR drafting
402–403
influence on UDHR
403–404
Inter-American Juridical Committee
398, 403
right to justice/amparo laws
404–405
Latin America
Amnesty International
29, 121, 141n4, 202–203, 293
anarchy
21, 119
Andean Group
34
Angola
143, 145, 175, 181
New Wars
174–175, 177, 178, 179, 181, 183, 187–189
UNITA
Annan, Kofi
4, 75–91, 212, 314, 383
R2P
387
UN Global Compact
139, 296, 300
UN Peacebuilding Commission
238
APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation)
206–207, 213
Counter-Terrorism Action Plans
207
Counter-Terrorism Task Force
207
STAR (Secure Trade in the APEC Region)
207
Arab Spring
346
Argentina
392, 420
arms trade
187–188, 189, 293
2013 Arms Trade Treaty
475
Control Arms Campaign
293
Libya, arms embargo
345, 348, 349, 366
Aron, Raymond
166, 183
ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations)
ARF
207–208, 213
ASEAN+3
429n4
ASEAN+6
463
ASEAN-EU meeting
213
“ASEAN-USA Joint Declaration for Cooperation to Combat International Terrorism”
214
ASEM (Asia-Europe meeting)
213
Ashton, Catherine
349
Asia
Central Asia
180, 438
East Asia
34, 77, 95
human rights and counterterrorism
200–201, 213–214, 215–216, 217
Pacific Asia
62, 63
Southeast Asia
34, 209
Atlantic Charter
396
AU (African Union)
362
AMISOM (AU Mission in Somalia)
412, 414
Libya
347, 349, 352, 353
Peace and Security Council
347, 349, 353
Australia
221, 413, 489
CCP Program
222, 233, 234
Australia and New Zealand Bank
440
Australian Conservation Foundation
121
Austria
129, 135, 136, 485
NWPT
467, 472, 473, 485
authoritarianism
9, 58
Axworthy, Lloyd
130, 132–133
Azerbaijan
14, 143
CSOs
339–340, 341
EITI
324, 330, 339–340
Baby Food Safety Campaign
293
the Balkans
180, 359
Ban Ki-moon
343n2, 421
Bangladesh
438
Baradar, Mullah
379
Barnett, Michael
6, 147, 237–266, 382n51
Bashir, Omar Hassan al-
322
Bayne, Nicholas
155
Beijing Conference on Women (UN, 1995)
68, 71
Belarus
189
Belgium
114, 126, 129, 345, 472
Bellamy, Alex
7, 343–369, 373
Bellinger, John
318
Berdal, Mats
6, 7, 166–191
Berlin Wall
1, 58
best practices
91, 262, 372, 440, 443, 447
Betancourt, Romulo
396
Betsill, Michele
5, 8, 219–236
Birdsall, Andrea
10, 302–322
BIS (Bank for International Settlements)
152
BITs (bilateral investment treaties)
447
Boao Forum for Asia
464
Bøås, Morten
426
Boko Haram
410
Bolton, John
311, 319, 478
Bosnia and Herzegovina
46, 357, 366
New Wars
178, 184–185, 190
Srebrenica
374
UN peacekeeping
42, 314, 373
Boston University
442
Botswana
326
Boutros-Ghali, Boutros
92, 130, 237, 240
Supplement to an Agenda for Peace
240
BP (British Petroleum)
145
Brahimi Report
240, 248–249, 408–409, 415–416, 418, 427
UN Peacekeeping
Brazil
332, 350, 352–353, 449, 451
BRICS; emerging powers
Bretton Woods system
12, 13, 15, 164, 165, 298, 479, 480
BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa)
445–446, 464, 479, 492
BRICS Forum
463
economy
445, 449, 455
foreign direct investment
455
New Development Bank
428, 433n15, 463, 464, 481
emerging powers
Brodjonegoro, Bambang
439
Brookings Institution
442
Brown, Chris
118
Brugger, Fritz
14, 323–342
Brundtland Report
220
Brzezinski, Zbigniew
202
BSE (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy)
70
Buckley, Harriet
5
Bulgaria
189
Bulkeley, Harriet
5, 8, 219–236
Bull, Hedley
69, 475, 476
Bundy, McGeorge
197
Burkina Faso
177, 189, 414
Burma (Myanmar)
313
Burundi
176, 179, 414
Bush, George W.
counterterrorism
201, 209, 214
Darfur
318
ICC
302, 304, 305, 311–313, 315, 316
Iraq: WMD inspection and elimination
195n5
peacebuilding
250–251
US unilateralism
480, 481, 486, 488, 493–494
business
2, 8, 28
UN and business community
87–88, 296–297
private sector
Business in Zones of Conflict
296–297
Call, Charles
240
Cambodia
87, 133, 355, 427, 438
Canada
345, 492
ICC
316
landmines
129, 130, 132, 136
peacebuilding
247, 249, 250, 253, 255, 257
capitalism
446, 458
democratic capitalism
28
emerging powers
451, 455, 458–459
global capitalism
448, 455
liberal capitalism
445
Capstone Doctrine
408–409, 416–419
CAR (Central African Republic)
409, 413, 414, 415, 422, 426
MINUSCA (UN Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic)
414, 415
MISCA (International Support Mission to the Central African Republic)
414
Carayannis, Tatiana
287
Carbonnier, Gilles
13–14, 323–342
Cardoso Report (2004)
4, 288–290, 297–301
Willetts’s critique and challenge
289–290
Third UN
the Caribbean
34
Carothers, Thomas
299
Carozza, Paolo
394
Carr Center for Human Rights Policy
368
CAT (Convention Against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment)
203, 213
Catholic Committee Against Hunger and for Development
129
CCP Program (Cities for Climate Protection)
219–220, 222, 235
Australia
222, 233, 234
ICLEI
222, 226, 232–233
limitations of
222–223
multilevel governance
232–235
transnational networks of local governments
226, 229
UK
234
US
222, 233–234
cities and the environment
Central America
103
Chabal, Patrick
176, 186n67, 188
Chad
414
Chan, Maritza
470
Chatfield, Charles
118
Chechnya
183–184, 357
Chernobyl
67
Chile
398–399, 404
Chin, Gregory
13, 428–444
China
66, 445, 449, 479
AIIB
13, 428, 429, 430–432, 436, 437, 440–441, 443, 463
counterterrorism
209
foreign direct investment
77
growing global influence
429
human rights
205, 400
Kyoto Protocol
486
leadership
13, 429, 430, 493
Libya
350–351, 353
Paris Agreement
486, 488
a socialist state
451
Syria
362
UNCHE
155
US/China relationship
317, 449, 490, 491, 492
BRICS; emerging powers
Choi Young-jin
370, 373, 376–377, 387
SRSG
Christian Science Monitor
139
cities
city states
30–31
subnational nascent mechanisms
30–32
cities and the environment
8, 219–220
Australia
221
Brundtland Report
220
EU
220–221
greenhouse gas emissions
8, 219, 221, 222–223, 226, 232, 233
international regimes in environmental governance
224–226, 235
LA21 (Local Agenda 21)
221
local dimension of climate change governance
220–223
local dimension of global environmental governance
223–229, 235
local governments
8, 219
multilevel governance
8, 220, 229–236
transnational networks in environmental governance
226–229, 235
CCP Program; climate change
Civicus Survey for Sub-Saharan Africa
336
civil society
14
accountability and transparency
335
Annan, K.: quiet revolution
77–79, 82, 84–88
concept of
334, 336
democracy and
334
donor funding role
299
global governance
19–20, 86
importance of
301, 334
as independent actor
38
negative/positive impact of
335, 336
nonhegemonic cooperation
479, 482, 485, 493
NWPT
467, 473, 485
persecution of activists
340
policy and
87
voluntary action
334
UN and
3–4, 78–79, 84–88, 285, 287, 288, 290–291, 301
UNCED
71
Cardoso Report; CSOs; global civil society; NGOs; Third UN
Civil Society Coalition on HIV/AIDS
293
civil war see New Wars
Clark, Ann Marie
118
Claude, Inis Jr.
3, 48–57, 287
Clauss, Michael
431
Climate Action Network
227
climate change
8, 95, 219
BASIC bloc
488
epistemic communities
278
GCF (Green Climate Fund)
487, 489
global warming
67, 224, 439, 448, 477, 486
greenhouse gas emissions
8, 219, 221, 222–223, 226, 232, 233, 278, 486
nonhegemonic cooperation
479, 486–489
CCP Program; cities and the environment; environment; UNFCCC
Climate Change Action Network
292
climate governance
220, 235, 277–278, 488
Clinton, Bill
204, 304, 309–311, 480, 481, 493
Clinton, Hillary
320, 350
Coalition for the International Criminal Court
292
Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers
292
Coate, Roger
3–4, 285–301
Coca-Cola
28, 65
Cold War
155, 166, 406
bipolar structure of power
23, 33, 41
end of
20, 23, 41, 48, 76, 77, 81, 92, 118, 132, 166
post-Cold War order
48, 173
UN and
41–42, 81
Colombia
351, 361, 379, 401, 405
Committee for Melbourne
143
Comte, Auguste
166
Conference of the Parties to the Basel Convention
297
conflict prevention
7, 56
peacebuilding as conflict prevention
240, 241, 242, 246, 247, 249, 250
constructivism
5, 10, 474
governance and
5, 148–152, 163
ICC
305, 310, 315, 319
social constructivism
148
control mechanisms
18, 19, 20
evolution of
21–22
path dependency
21
states and
23–24
global governance mechanisms
Cooper, Frederick
170
Corporate Citizenship Unit of Warwick University
141
corporations
corporate social responsibility
7, 141, 144n8, 145, 430
MNCs (multinational corporations)
58, 64–65, 171
TCOs/MNCs similarity
40
UN environmental conferences
162
UN Global Compact
7, 8, 139, 448
Corpwatch
139
corruption
14, 79
New Wars
6, 175, 176–177
Nigeria
337, 338
Cote d’Ivoire
177, 332
Ivory Coast Republican Forces
376
protection of civilians
371, 375, 376, 377
robust peacekeeping/peace enforcement
375–376, 377
Russia and
370–371, 373
SRSG
11, 370, 373–377, 387, 388, 389
UN Peacekeeping
11, 362
UN SC Resolution 1975
374–375
UN Security Council
346
UNOCI (UN Operation in Côte d’Ivoire)
370, 373–374, 375, 376–377
Choi Young-jin; SRSG
Council of Canadians
121
Council of Rome
17
counterterrorism
APEC
206–207
ASEAN–ARF
207–208, 213
“ASEAN-USA Joint Declaration for Cooperation to Combat International Terrorism”
214
China
209
Indonesia
209–210, 215, 216
Malaysia
209, 211
Pakistan
208–209
UN Security Council
201, 205–206
US
208–211
Uzbekistan
215
war on terror
10, 203, 210–211, 215, 312, 378, 388
CTC; human rights and counterterrorism
Covid-19
3
Cowper-Coles, Sherard
378–379
Craig, Campbell
469
credit rating agencies
38–39
crime/criminal organizations
58
arms trade
189
crime syndicates
39–40
Russia
40
TCOs (transnational criminal organizations)
39–40
uncivil society
79, 88
Crimea
445, 456n36
critical theory
399–400
Croatia
184
cross-border coalitions
37–38
CSOs (civil society organizations)
accountability and transparency
335
Azerbaijan
339–340, 341
extractive sector
324, 334–337, 341–342
Nigeria
335, 337–339
civil society; NGOs
CTBT (Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty)
197, 473, 481
CTC (Counter-Terrorism Committee)
201, 206, 212–213
Cuba
174, 313, 404, 472
currency
78, 88
dedollarization
457
euro
448
renminbi (China)
428, 457
US dollar
457, 480, 494
Dalai Lama
131
Daloz, Jean-Pascal
176, 186n67, 188
Danforth, John
318
Darfur
355, 359–360
genocide
318, 322, 364
US and ICC action in
304, 317–320, 322
De Carvalho, Benjamin
382
De Soto, Alvaro
379–380, 384, 388
De Tray, Dennis
435
De Zeeuw, Jeroen
180, 190n82
democracy
challenges
58–59
civil society and
334
cosmopolitan democracy
3, 71–72, 73–74
democracy promotion
253, 392, 393, 395
economic power and
65
globalization
59, 68–70
Latin America
392, 393, 394, 395–396, 406
liberal democracy
301, 445, 448, 450
nation state and
3, 59, 68–71
national sovereignty and
3, 69, 72
paradox of
3, 58
pessimism about future of
70–71
political legitimacy
58
rethinking democracy
68–72
“third way” social democracy
446
elections
democratic deficit
4–5, 114, 115, 298
democratization
6, 14
Annan, K.: quiet revolution
79, 85, 86, 90
enlarged multilateralism
136, 137
good governance in IOs
92, 96
Latin America
396
peacebuilding and
6, 252
Third UN
299
Deng, Francis
359–360
Denmark
129, 345
deregulation
77, 168, 171, 172, 180, 187, 188, 189
developing world
44, 58, 447
Annan, K.: quiet revolution
75, 77, 78, 81, 88
Di John, Jonathan
325
diplomacy
coercive diplomacy
319–320
multilateral diplomacy
80, 134, 135, 301, 473, 493
NGOs, diplomatic techniques
131–132, 134–135
synchronized diplomacy
301
Disney
66
Djibouti
414
Doe, Samuel
179
Dole, Bob
318
Dollar, David
432, 434, 435
Dominguez, Jorge
393
Donilon, Tom
350
Donnelly, Jack
205
Dos Santos, Jose Eduardo
175, 181
Doyle, Thomas
468
DPKO (UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations)
3, 241, 254, 382, 407
UN Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations
375, 420–421
UN peacekeeping
DRC (Democratic Republic of Congo)
413, 426
FARDC (Forces Armées de la République Démocratique du Congo)
374
Kampala process
425
MONUC (UN Mission in the DRC)
374, 377, 381
MONUSCO (UN Stabilization Mission in the DRC)
407–408, 411, 413, 414, 419–420, 422
natural resources
175–176
New Wars
175–176, 179
UN intervention brigade
411, 412, 414, 419, 422, 425
UN peacekeeping
11, 362
UN Security Council
346
Drelichman, Mauricio
325–326
drug trade
19, 20, 23, 79, 88, 181
Dubai
180, 379
Dublin conference (1992)
267
Dudayev, Jokahr
183–184
Earth System Governance theories
268
Earth System Science Partnership: Global Water System Project
267, 277
East Timor
207
East Turkestan Islamic Movement
209
eclecticism
13–14
economic globalization
7, 65, 168, 170–173, 213, 448, 454
economic denationalization
454, 455
finance
63–64
New Wars
economic governance
7–8, 106
The Economist
131
economy
2
economic liberalization
155, 445, 448
emerging powers
449–450, 451
ECOSOC (Economic and Social Council)
57, 83, 162, 295, 298, 399
ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States)
362, 412
EEB (European Environmental Bureau)
29
Egeland, Kjølv
11, 466–476
Egypt
205, 346, 347
Eide, Kai
370, 371, 378–379, 380, 387
SRSG
EITI (Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative)
324, 326–327, 333, 341, 342
Azerbaijan
324, 330, 339–340
civil society activists, persecution of
340
CSOs
336–340
evolution, behavioral pathways, and effectiveness
328–330
NEITI/Nigeria
324, 330, 337–339
extractive sector
El Salvador
87
elections
44–45, 70
Ellis, Stephen
181, 186
emerging powers
12, 445–446, 464–465
capitalism
451, 455, 458–459
cultural values in major powers
451, 453
economy
449–450, 451
emergence of new powers
449–453, 464
established/emerging powers differences
450–452, 460
impact of
446, 451–452
impact on global governance
450, 453, 464–465
IOs and
12–13, 446, 452, 454, 456, 459–460, 462, 464
political and economic characteristics of major powers
450–452, 452
politics
451, 465
R2P
459
sovereignty
459
BRICS; China; India; new global governance; Russia
Emmanuelli, Xavier
129
energy
323, 489
coal energy projects
439–440, 442
energy security
323
oil and gas; resource curse; resource-rich countries
Energy Charter Treaty
323
environment
2
desertification
67, 154
globalization
66–67, 78
ozone depletion
67, 95, 278
pollution
23, 67, 155, 157, 160, 161, 275
climate change
Environment Liaison Center International
292–293
environmental governance
8–9, 46
global environmental governance
236, 448
UN environmental conferences
147, 149–150, 163–164, 165
cities and the environment; Kyoto Protocol; Paris Agreement; UN environmental conferences; UNFCCC
epistemic community
13, 364, 365
climate change
278
think tanks
297–298, 469
as transnational network
227
Equatorial Guinea
326
Estonia
206
Ethiopia
315, 414
ethnic conflicts
46, 77, 79, 173, 184
EU (European Union)
2, 71
accountability
113, 114
cities and the environment
220–221
democratic deficit
4–5, 114, 115
good governance
102, 112–114, 115
ICC
313, 316
institutionalization
43–44
integration
112
Kyoto Protocol
488
leadership
13, 492, 493
Libya
345
Maastricht Treaty/Treaty on European Union
113–114, 448
multilevel governance
229, 230, 231
nuclear weapons
484, 485–486
NWPT
471, 474, 485
Paris Agreement
488, 489
peacebuilding
6, 242, 249, 252, 254, 256
regionness
34
representation issue
112–113, 114
sovereignty
114
trade
62, 63
Treaty of Amsterdam
114
as union of states
44
water governance
8, 276, 280
Europe
31, 71, 432, 457
Eastern Europe
58
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
429
European Commission
242, 254
European Parliament
5, 114, 316
extractive sector
323–324, 341–342
civil society/CSOs
324, 334–337, 341–342
market regulation
342
multistakeholder initiatives in
324, 326–333, 341
multistakeholder initiatives addressing resource-curse and displaying regime characteristics
327, 341
NGOs
323–324
poverty alleviation
323, 339, 340
regime theory
324, 327, 327–328, 329, 332–333, 341
rent-cycling
325, 342
resource curse
323, 324–326, 328, 337
voluntary regimes
341, 342
EITI; KPCS; resource curse; resource-rich countries; VPs
fairness
4, 95, 98, 101–102
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization)
253, 275
Farer, Tom
402
Fawcett, Louise
392
FDLR (Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda)
411, 417
Fehl, Caroline
13, 477–494
financial crisis
Asian financial crisis
95, 206–207
global financial crisis
409, 437, 458, 481
Finnemore, Martha
147, 372, 382n51, 386–387, 394
First UN
3, 49–50
First/Second UN relationship
52, 53, 56–57
neutrality
53
noncoercive, consensual, neutral activities
51–53
pacific dispute settlement
51–53
peacekeeping
53
UN member states and
50
UN Secretariat
3, 50, 53
UN
Fomerand, Jacques
147, 149
Foot, Rosemary
9, 199–218
foreign direct investment
32, 77, 171, 455
France
46
landmines
124, 126–127, 475
Libya
345, 349, 366
MAI
138
NWPT
468–469, 474, 475, 476
peacebuilding
246, 249, 250, 252–253, 255
Fréchette, Louise
83
Frerks, Georg
180, 190n82
Friends of the Earth
121
fundamentalism
71
G-Groups
G-7
155, 455, 460, 462
G-8
152, 462
G-20
428, 449, 460, 462
informalization
461–462
Gaddafi, Muammar
10, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 352
Gaitán, Jorge Eliécer
405
Gallarotti, Guilio
147
Gates, Robert
350
GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)
36, 120
consensus decisionmaking
108–109
good governance
97, 102, 106, 108–109
Uruguay Round
120–121, 447, 460
Gbagbo, Laurent
370, 373, 375, 376
GC see UN Global Compact
GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council)
348, 352, 364
GEF (Global Environment Facility)
102, 111–112, 113, 275, 276
Geneva Conventions
474
genocide
79, 303, 321
Darfur
318, 322, 364
Rwanda
1, 346, 364
GEO (Global Environment Outlook)
281, 282
GEO (Global Environmental Organization)
164, 165
George, A.L.
319–320
Germany
129, 431, 475, 489
Libya
345, 349
NWPT
474, 475
peacebuilding
244–245, 249, 250, 252–253, 255
GESAMP (Joint Group of Experts on Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection)
162
Ghana
332
Ghils, Paul
118
Gillies, Alexandra
338
Glendon, Mary Ann
396
Global Campaign for Education
293
global civil society
71, 86, 88, 90, 96, 116
conceptualization of
118–120
global decision making
5
landmines, ban campaign
116, 120, 127–128, 131, 132, 133, 134
MAI, campaign against
116, 120, 125, 134, 138, 293–294
NGOs
124
as transnational network
227, 228
World Wide Web and
120, 138
civil society; NGOs
Global Compact see UN Global Compact
Global Development Network
297–298
Global Economic Governance Initiative
442
Global Governance (journal)
1–2, 13
global governance
1, 12, 14–15, 391
21st century
27, 32, 46–47
actors
2–3, 14, 18, 19–20, 86, 493
authority, relocation of
22–24
challenges
19, 445, 453–454, 464–465
civil society
19–20, 86
contested nature of
12, 14, 446, 454–456
cooperation
2, 465
decentralized nature
148–149
emergence of
445, 446–449
emerging powers, impact of
450, 453, 464–465
fragmented nature of
1, 12, 46, 446, 454, 462–465
globalization and
3, 23, 26
hierarchy
2, 17–18, 21
international governance/global governance distinction
92, 115
liberalism
2, 5, 10, 14, 446–447
neoliberalism
450
polyarchy
3, 47
prospects for
16, 27, 46–47
shifts in
23
states and
3, 14, 16, 23, 46, 70
UN System
16, 41, 43
the entries below for global governance; new global governance
global governance, concept
2–3, 14, 148
command and control
2–3, 17–19
conceptual nuances
16–22
disaggregation and innovation
20–21, 27, 47
emergence and evolution
21–22
interdependence
17, 19, 21, 24
proliferation of organizations
19–20, 21
self-organization
21
steering
2–3, 4, 21
steering mechanisms
17–18, 20, 25, 28, 34, 36, 41, 43
control mechanisms; rule system
global governance mechanisms
25–46
continuing and changing forms of
45–46
jointly sponsored institutionalized mechanisms
44–45
jointly sponsored mechanisms
34–38
sponsorship and institutionalization of control mechanisms
25, 26
state-sponsored institutionalized mechanisms
41–44
state-sponsored mechanisms
32–34
subnational governance mechanisms
24, 26, 46
subnational institutionalized mechanisms
39–40
subnational nascent mechanisms
30–32
transnational governance mechanisms
24, 25–26, 46
transnational institutionalized mechanisms
38–39
transnational nascent control mechanisms
27–29
Global North
171, 449
Global North/Global South relations
155, 159–160, 391, 406
Global South
Global North/Global South relations
155, 159–160, 391, 406
norm innovation
405
norm localization
392
normative agency
392–393
nuclear weapons
473–474
Latin America
Global Sullivan Principles
144n8
global village/neighborhood
169
global water governance see see water governance/GWG
Global Water Partnership
277
Global Witness
331
globalization
3, 6, 59–68, 167
boundary problems
69
challenges of
76–80
civil wars and
6
conceptions of
59–62, 78, 169–170
cultural and communication trends
66
democracy and
59, 68–70
developing world
77
environment
66–67, 78
finance
63–64, 77
global governance
3, 23, 26
globalization/localization link
34, 46, 60
historical forms of
61
information technology
61, 78
interconnectedness
60, 61, 70, 78, 169
multinational corporations
64–65, 77
nation-state and
60, 68–70
neoliberal globalization
455
politics, law, and security
67–68
power: hierarchy and unevenness
61–62
trade
62–63
uncivil society
79, 88
world currency markets
78
economic globalization
gold standard
62, 480
good governance
4, 76
accountability
4, 94, 95, 98, 99–101, 105, 272
Annan, K.: quiet revolution
75–76, 78, 84, 86, 89
Cold War, end of
92, 93
core principles
98–102
definition
94, 272
emergence of good governance agenda
93–96
fairness
4, 95, 98, 101
good domestic governance
85
ownership, sense of
98–99
participation
4, 94, 95, 98–99, 105, 115, 272
UN
4, 76, 94–95
World Bank
94–95
good governance in IOs
4, 92–93, 114–115
accountability
92, 95, 105–109, 115
beyond interstate structures of governance
112–114
consensus problems
105–109
democratization
92, 96
EU
102, 112–114, 115
GATT
97, 102, 106, 108–109
GEF
102, 111–112, 113
IFAD
102, 110–111
IMF
97, 115
international governance
93
international governance/global governance distinction
92, 115
NGOs
95, 100–101, 112, 115
participation
95, 98, 105, 115
participation, ownership, and limits of formal control
102–105, 115
regional development banks
102–105
state-centered organizations
96–98, 115
UN Security Council
96, 102, 106–108, 109
voting structures and stakeholders
96, 102, 110–112
World Bank
97, 98, 115
WTO
97, 108–109
good governance; IOs
Gordenker, Leon
288
governance
authority crisis
20
concept of
17–18, 148, 223, 273
constructivism and
5, 148–152, 163
governance without government
19
kybenan/kybernetes
18
shift in social-scientific discourse from government to governance
272–273
typology of
273–274, 274
economic governance; environmental governance; global governance; good governance; multilevel governance; new global governance; water governance/GWG
Gowan, Richard
412
Grams, Rod
302
Greenpeace
129
Griffin, Stuart
373
Grossman, Marc
312–313
Guantánamo Bay (Cuba)
208, 211, 214, 217
Guatemala
87, 406, 419–420
Guéhenno, Jean-Marie
374
guerrilla
6, 179
Guinea
179, 332, 362
Gulf War
55, 448
Gupta, Joyeeta
8, 267–284
Guyana
332
Gwozdecky, Mark
132
Haas, Peter
5, 8, 147–165
Hague Conferences (1899, 1907)
51
Haiti
346, 357
MINUSTAH (UN Stabilization Mission in Haiti)
374, 377
Operation Iron Fist
374
Hamas
379–380
Hamburg, David A.
387
Hammarskjöld, Dag
53, 415
Handicap International
128, 129
Hanseatic League
31
hegemony
decline of hegemons
13, 34, 480, 492
hegemonic leadership
20, 148
hegemonic stability theory
459, 479–480
IR theory and the question of nonhegemonic cooperation
479–481
US
13, 450, 475, 478, 480
nonhegemonic cooperation
Held, David
3, 58–74, 322
Helleiner, Eric
392–393
Helms, Jesse
302, 309–310
Hettne, Böjrn
33
Hezbollah
379
hierarchy
202–203
global governance
2, 17–18, 21
international society, hierarchical nature of
467
Hodges, Tony
183
Holmes, John
285, 286–287, 290, 300, 301
Holt, Victoria
381
Hong Kong
140, 141n5
Hooghe, Lisbet
230, 231
Howard, Lise
381
Hull, Cordell
397
human capital
85, 86
human rights
2, 9–10, 392–393
Annan, K.: quiet revolution
79, 81–82, 84–85, 87
Asia
205
before World War II
395
China
205, 400
critical theory
399–400
Dumbarton Oaks
397, 399–400
Human Rights Commission
399, 404
ICC and
303, 319, 321–322
Latin America
9, 11, 392, 393, 394–395, 396, 397–401, 405, 406
as mark of legitimate governance
203–205
NGOs
399, 400
origins of human rights norms
399–400
post-World War II period
393, 396–397
promotion of
79, 341, 395, 399, 401
realism
399–400
San Francisco Conference
401
sovereignty and
,9, 199–200, 218
Soviet Union
400
state and
199–200, 391, 400
UK
396–397, 399, 400
UN Charter
9, 397, 399–401
UN Security Council
204
Uruguay
398–399, 400–401
US
204, 396–397, 399, 400
World War II
396, 397, 398
American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man; human rights and counterterrorism; UDHR
human rights and counterterrorism
199–201, 216–218
9/11 attacks: institutional change and activism after
9, 10, 199, 200, 205–208, 216
Abu Ghraib, Iraq
208, 217
abuse of human rights
9, 208, 211, 216
Asia
200–201, 213–214, 215–216, 217
Guantánamo Bay, Cuba
208, 211, 214, 217
national security vs human rights norms
9, 200, 201, 210
reputation: counterterrorist campaigner vs human rights defender
200, 201, 217
reputation, evolving basis of
203–211
reputation and hierarchy
201–203
robustness of human rights norm
211–216
state sovereignty and
9, 218
torture
9, 208, 217
UN
200, 201, 206, 212–213, 217
UN General Assembly
212–213
US
200, 201, 203, 206, 212–213, 214–215, 217
counterterrorism; CTC; human rights
Human Rights Watch
128, 211
human security
84, 85
Annan, K.: quiet revolution
84, 85–86, 88, 89, 90
NGOs and
90–91
UNDP: Human Development Report
85, 90
humanitarian intervention
10, 204, 356–357, 448
Libya; R2P; use of force
Humphrey, John
403–404
Hun Sen
438
Hungary
202, 468
Hussein, Saddam
193
IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency)
192–193, 194, 195, 198
IBSA Forum (India, Brazil, and South Africa)
463, 464
ICAN (International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons)
467, 469–470
ICBL (International Campaign to Ban Landmines)
128, 130, 131, 133, 293
ICC (International Chamber of Commerce)
87, 143, 162
ICC (International Criminal Court)
406
2010 Review Conference in Kampala
320
American Service-Members’ Protection Act
315, 316, 317
Article 12 and the ICC’s jurisdiction
305–306
Article 16
307–308, 314
Article 98
316, 319
bilateral immunity agreements
315–316, 317
Bush, George W.
302, 304, 305, 311–313, 315, 316
Canada
316
Clinton, Bill
304, 309–311
constructivist approach
305, 310, 315, 319
as court of last resort
322
creation of
303–304, 448, 475
EU
313, 316
great power responsibility and Security Council veto
305, 307–308, 321
human rights
303, 319, 321–322
as independent from the UN
305, 307, 321
as instrument of global governance of human rights
303, 319, 321–322
Libya
347–348
Obama, Barack
304, 320–321
Rome Conference
302, 303, 304, 309, 448
SOFA (status-of-forces agreements)
316
state sovereignty and
9, 303–304, 310, 319, 321
support for
9, 304
UN Resolutions
314–315, 322
UN Security Council and
307–308
US changing perceptions
305, 317–320, 321
US and ICC action in Darfur
304, 317–320, 322
US opposition
9–10, 302, 304, 305–308, 309–310, 311–313, 319, 478, 481
US opposition actions
313–316, 321
US support
9, 302–303, 309, 320–321, 478, 481
ICCPR (International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights)
202, 203, 212
ICFTU (International Confederation of Free Trade Unions)
141n4
ICLEI (International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives)
222, 226, 232–233
ICRC (International Committee of the Red Cross)
128, 131–132, 467, 473
ICSC (International Civil Service Commission)
83
ICSU (International Council of Scientific Unions)
162
IDB (Inter-American Development Bank)
102–104, 105
identity politics
79
IFAD (International Fund for Agricultural Development)
102, 110–111, 156, 253
IGOs (intergovernmental organizations)
6, 117
proliferation of, 67–68, 81
ILO (International Labour Organization)
143
Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work
140
IMF (International Monetary Fund)
152, 431, 432, 447, 457, 481
authority and capacity for governance
38–39
deadlock
461, 463
Europe
432, 457
good governance
97, 115
nonresident boards
435
peacebuilding
6, 241, 249, 252, 254
quota and voice reforms
460
US
431, 457
India
437, 439, 451
AIIB
431, 433, 439
economy
449
Libya
350, 351
WMD
197, 198
World Bank
439–440
BRICS; emerging powers
Indonesia
173, 439, 440, 443
AIIB
439, 440, 443
counterterrorism
209–210, 215, 216
GAM (Gerakan Aceh Merdeka/Free Aceh Movement)
216
Industrial Revolution
77
industrialization
166–167
inequality
7, 168, 391
gender inequality
90–1
North/South inequality
6
Infact Formula Action Coalition
293
information technology
61, 78, 81, 171
INGOs (international non-governmental organizations)
28, 67–68, 116, 456
cross-border coalitions
37
NGOs
Inter-American Bar Association (Mexico)
398
Inter-American Conference on Problems of War and Peace (Mexico, 1945)
394, 397
Inter-American Juridical Committee
398, 402–403
Inter-Parliamentary Union
87
interdependence
169
civil wars and
6
global economic interdependence
7
global governance
17, 19, 21, 24
regional economic interdependency
32
interest groups
117, 298, 319, 334
Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility
293
intergovernmentalism
80
International Action Network on Small Arms
292, 293
International Baby Food Action Network
293
International Business Leaders Forum
296
international civil society see global civil society
International Council for Science
292
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
203
International Energy Forum
323
International Federation of Chemical, Energy, Mine and General Workers’ Unions
143
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
292, 473
International Institute of Agriculture
96
International Nestlé Boycott Committee
29
International Network of Basin Organizations
277
International Organization of Consumers Unions
293
International Organization of Employers
143
international relations
2, 14, 48, 138, 220, 224, 391
abolition of
57
institutions, theories on
474–475
international conferences
151
state-centered views of
95–96
international society
118, 205, 260, 307, 344, 352, 357, 364
hierarchical nature of
467
International Telegraphic Union
96
International Union for Conservation of Nature
292
International Water Association
277, 279
International Water Resources Association
277
International Wine Office
96
Internet
66, 127, 133–134
IONs (interorganizational networks)
8, 143–144
UN Global Compact
IOs (international organizations/institutions)
2, 14, 81
autonomy
386–388
challenges
4–5, 95
effectiveness of
96, 97–98
emerging powers and
12–13, 446, 452, 454, 456, 459–460, 462, 464
institutional drift
461, 462
multilateral organizations
80, 92, 98, 100, 115, 203, 238n5, 429, 477–478
state and
96
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)
227, 281, 282–283
Iran
87, 180, 196, 472
US and
484, 485–486
Iraq
345, 472
2003 US invasion of
7, 357
Kuwait’s invasion by
41, 49
Iraq: WMD inspection and elimination
7, 192–198
chemical and biological weapons
193, 194
costs
194–195
IAEA
192–193, 194, 195, 198
international restraints
193, 196
Iraqi opposition and obstruction
192, 193
lessons from
193–196
stabilization mission in
408, 409, 410, 427
UK/US intelligence failures
192, 193, 194, 196
UN inspectors
192, 193
UN Security Council
193, 196
UNMOVIC
192, 193, 194–195
UNSCOM
192–193, 194, 195
US Iraq Survey Group
194, 195
WMD
Islamists
11, 177, 412, 426
Israel
197, 198
Italy
133, 345, 366, 474
Japan
214, 215, 432
NWPT
474, 475
peacebuilding
247–248, 250, 252, 255
Jin Liqun
431, 433, 436, 440, 441
John Paul, Pope
131
Johnson, Simon
326
Johnstone, Ian
387
Jolly, Richard
287
Jordan
345
Josselin, Daphne
294
Jubilee 2000
292
Jurkovich, Michelle
394
Kabila, Joseph
176n27, 425
Kaldor, Mary
170n8, 185n61
Kamel, Hussein
193
Karimov, Islam
215
Karlsrud, John
11, 370–390
Karzai, Hamid
378, 387
Kay, David
194
Kazakhstan
438
Keck, Margaret
227
Kenya
362, 414
Keohane, Robert
449, 480n14
Keynes, John Maynard
435
Khan, A.Q.
193
Khmer Rouge
178
Kim, Hunjoon
6, 237–266
Kirkpatrick, Jeanne
174–175
Kobrin, Stephen J.
124, 126, 127
Kohn, Margaret
336
Korean War
55
Kosovo
357, 366, 384, 409, 427
KPCS (Kimberley Process Certification Scheme)
326–327, 333, 341–342
evolution, behavioral pathways, and effectiveness
331–332
extractive sector
Krasner, Stephen D.
327
Krause, Jana
14, 323–342
Kuwait
41, 49
Kyoto Protocol
224, 448, 460, 462, 487
China
486
EU
488
US
163, 481, 486, 488, 489
Kyrgyzstan
438–439
Landmine Survivors Network
128–129
landmines
1997 Treaty Signing Conference and Mine Action Forum
127
1999 Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-personnel Mines and on Their Destruction
116, 127
Afghanistan, UN/NGOs partnership
87
global civil society
116, 120, 127–128, 131, 132, 133, 134
ICBL
128, 130, 131, 133, 293
ICRC
128, 131–132
international ban campaign
116, 120, 127–134, 475
Internet
133–134
NGOs
128–134, 135–136
states and
135–136
treaty on
116, 135
UN, demining activities
130
UN General Assembly
130
UN Security Council
129, 130
UNA-USA, Adopt-a-Minefield Program
131
World Wide Web
120, 133–134, 135, 136–137
LAS (League of Arab States)
345, 347, 349–350, 351, 352, 364, 368
Las Casas, Bartolomé de
394
Latin America
34, 391–393
1945 Inter-American Conference on Problems of War and Peace, Mexico City
397
democracy
392, 393, 394, 395–396, 406
democratization
396
Dumbarton Oaks
397, 399
human rights
9, 11, 392, 393, 394–395, 396, 397–401, 405, 406
human rights, paradoxes
405–406
IDB
102–103
NGOs
396, 399
normative agency
392–393, 405
nuclear weapons
473
popular sovereignty
398, 403
San Francisco Conference
396, 397, 398–399, 401, 406
sovereignty and nonintervention principles
393–394, 398
UDHR and
396, 403–405
UN Charter
11, 396, 399–401
US and
393, 394
American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man
Latin American Studies Association
45
Lavrov, Sergei
373
Lawson, Robert
132
Le Billon, Philippe
189
Le Monde
205
leadership
China
13, 429, 430, 493
EU
13, 492, 493
global leadership
12–13
hegemonic leadership
20, 148
multilateral leadership
135, 430, 479
new global governance, struggle for leadership
454, 456–457, 464
nonhegemonic cooperation: alternative leaders
482, 485–486, 488–489, 492, 493
Russia
13
Second UN
50
UK
475
UN Global Compact
143
US
13, 50, 55, 198, 445, 475, 493, 494
League of Nations
96, 309n24, 395
Leahy, Patrick
129
Lebanon
332
Levy, Marc
324, 327–328, 341
Lewis, Ioan
182
liberalism
445, 447–448
global governance
2, 5, 10, 14, 446–447
liberal democracy
301, 445, 448, 450
liberal world order
475
liberalization
77, 238–239, 259, 260, 447, 458, 459
capital markets
63
economic liberalization
155, 445, 448
financial liberalization
168, 171, 447
political liberalization in Africa
335
trade liberalization
122, 136, 447
Liberia
42, 409, 415
New Wars
176, 177, 178–179, 181, 186
Libya
196, 472
arms embargo
345, 348, 349, 366
AU
347, 349, 352, 353
Benghazi
345, 346, 349, 350, 352, 362
ICC
347–348
military intervention
7, 343, 345–354
NATO
10, 345, 349, 366
no-fly zone
345, 348–349, 350–352, 365, 366
NTC (Interim National Transitional Council)
346, 348–350
Odyssey Dawn
343, 345
Operation Unified Protector
345
R2P
7, 10, 343, 347, 354, 360, 363, 368–369, 373–374
sanctions against
348
UN Charter: Chapter VII
347, 351
UN SC Resolution 1970
347–348, 351, 352
UN SC Resolution 1973
10, 343, 345, 346, 347, 350–354, 356, 360, 363, 368–369
UN SC Resolution 1973, abstention on and criticism
351, 352–353, 361
UN Secretary-General
10, 347, 348, 349, 351, 361
UN Security Council
7, 10, 343, 350
US
345, 350, 357
R2P; use of force
Lieven, Anatol
184
Linklater, Andrew
472
Linn, Johannes
444
Lipschutz, Ronnie
119
localization
3, 23
globalization/localization link
34, 46
norm “localization”
392
London School of Economics
166
Lou Jiwei
434, 441
LRA (Lord’s Resistance Army)
379, 411, 417
Lysyshyn, Ralph
132
M23 (Tutsi March 23 militia)
410, 411, 417, 422, 425–426
MAI (Multilateral Agreement on Investment)
campaign against
116, 120–127, 293–294
global civil society
116, 120, 125, 134, 138, 293–294
Internet
127
NGOs
123–125, 134–136
OECD
116, 121, 123, 124, 126–127, 447
states and
135–136
World Wide Web
116, 120, 121–122, 126–127, 134, 135, 136–137
WTO
121
Malawi
414
Malaysia: Internal Security Act
209, 211
Mali
11, 413, 426
AFISMA
412, 413
MINUSMA (UN Mission in Mali)
407–408, 409, 412, 413, 414, 420
Operation Serval
412
Mandela, Nelson
58
Mannan, M.A.
438
Mar del Plata Conference (1977)
267
Marks, Gary
230, 231
Martinez, Luis
177
Marxism
474
Massoud, Ahmad Shah
181
McCain, John
318
McDonough, Denis
350
McFaul, Mike
350
Médecins sans Frontières
129
Medico International
128
Medvedev, Dmitry
373
Mende Omalanga, Lambert
425
Mercer, Jonathan
201
Merry, Sally Engle
392
Mexico
398–399, 404, 473, 492
Middle East
34, 426
Millennium Assembly
84
Millennium Assessments
281–283
Millennium Declaration
267
Millennium Development Goals
276
Millennium Forum
84
Miller, Morris
173
Milosevic, Slobodan
179
Mines Action Canada
130
Mines Advisory Group
128
Mingst, Karen
5, 116–138
Modi, Narendra
439
Moldova
206
Moody’s Investor Services
38, 39
Morocco
345, 375–376
Morsink, Johannes
396, 403
Moss, Todd
435
Mozambique
133
MPLA (Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola)
174–175
multilateralism
67–68, 89, 445, 447, 448
Cardoso Report
289
“contested multilateralism”
464
enlarged multilateralism
120, 134–138
multilateral development banks
92, 102, 434
multilateral diplomacy
80, 134, 135, 301, 473, 493
multilateral leadership
135, 430, 479
multilateral organizations
80, 92, 98, 100, 115, 203, 238n5, 429, 477–478
new global governance and deadlock of multilateral institutions
454, 459–461, 464
security
41, 49
UN
41, 42–43, 49, 79–80
MAI; nonhegemonic cooperation; US uni/multilateralism
multilevel governance
229
Australia
231
benefits of
5
CCP Program
232–235
cities and the environment
8, 220, 229–236
EU
229, 230, 231
Type I/federalism
230–232
Type II/spheres of authority
231–232
US
231
water governance
8–9, 269–272
Murdoch empire
66
Musharraf, Pervez
209
Nader, Ralph
121
NAFTA (North American Free Trade Association)
37–38, 63, 489, 491, 492
Nakao, Takehiko
441
Namibia
179
National Democratic Institute
44
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
316, 357, 448, 478
Libya
10, 345, 349, 366
natural resources
Angola
175, 181
DRC
175–176
New Wars and
175–176, 180, 181, 187–188, 191
resource curse; resource-rich countries
Nazarbeyev, Nursultan
438
Negroponte, John
314
neoclassical economics
447
neoliberalism
445, 446, 447, 458
global governance
450
neoliberal globalization
455
neoliberal institutionalism
5, 157, 450
Nestlé Company
29, 142
the Netherlands
129, 326, 469, 485
new global governance
446, 464
contested governance
446, 454–456
durability of global governance
454–456
economic globalization
454–455
fragmentation
446, 454, 462–465
human rights
459
informalization
454, 461–462, 464
liberal social purpose, challenges to
454, 446, 457–459, 464
multilateral institutions, deadlock of
454, 459–461, 464
path dependency
453, 454
six emerging trends
453–464
struggle for leadership and privilege
454, 456–457, 464
emerging powers; global governance
new institutionalism
18n4
New Wars
6, 166–169, 190–191
Afghanistan
180, 181
Africa, Central
168, 176, 188, 191
Africa ,West
168, 176, 179, 186, 188, 191
Algeria
168, 177, 179, 186
ANGOla
174–175, 177, 178, 179, 181, 183, 187–189
Bosnia
178, 184–185, 190
Clausewitzean wars
182, 185
collusion and fragmentation
177–179
corruption
6, 175, 176–177
DRC
175–176, 179
economic globalization, external actors, and civil wars
182, 187–190
economic globalization/intrastate wars: direct relationship
168, 172
economic globalization and war
167, 168, 170, 172–173
economic logic of war
174–177
economics of civil wars
6, 173–181
globalization
6, 167, 168
globalization, poverty, inequality, and war
168, 172
globalization and the study of contemporary civil wars
169–173
greed-and-grievance framework
182–183, 190
historical context
182, 185–186
humanitarian aid
189, 190
Liberia
176, 177, 178–179, 181, 186
motives and agendas in civil wars
182–185
natural resources
175–176, 180, 181, 187–188, 191
newness: local wars, global connections
168–169, 174, 180–181
not-so-new aspects of
181–190
plunder
177–178, 183, 184–185
political economy of civil wars
191
regionalization
179–180, 189
remittances
189–190
Sierra Leone
176–177, 179, 182, 186
state collapse/weakness
177, 191
warlords
176–177, 180, 181, 183–184, 186
Yugoslavia (former)
168, 178, 179
war
new world order
21, 41
New York Times
131
New Zealand
124, 206, 397, 463, 473
NGOs (non-governmental organizations)
3, 87, 100–101, 124
accountability
100–101, 298
as agents of social change
118
cross-border NGOs
38
diplomatic techniques
131–132, 134–135
extractive sector
323–324
Global North/Global South relations
391
good governance in IOs
95, 100–101, 112, 115
human rights
399, 400
human security
90–91
landmines
128–134, 135–136
Latin America
396, 399
lobbying
117, 123, 133
MAI
123–125, 134–136
networking and coalition building
292
North America
36
parallel conferences
162, 294–295
as political actors
116, 117, 118, 124, 138
as pressure groups
117, 124
proliferation of
19, 28, 334
state-centric approach
117, 123
technological change
5, 133
Third UN
287, 288, 298
transnational governance
27–28, 81, 138
UN consultative status
288
UN environmental conferences
162–163, 165, 294
UN Global Compact and
139, 141n4, 146
UN/NGOs partnership
87
UNCED
162
World Wide Web
116–117, 120, 123–124
civil society; CSOs; INGOs; Third UN
Nicaragua
45
Niebuhr, Reinhold
169
NIEO (New International Economic Order)
155, 476
Niger
414
Nigeria
14, 145, 179, 413
corruption
337, 338
CSOs
335, 337–339
NEITI
324, 330, 337–339
resource curse
337
Nixon, Richard
480
Nobel Prize
93, 131, 421, 470, 485
Non-Aligned Movement
375–376
nonhegemonic cooperation
13, 478
alternative leaders
482, 485–486, 488–489, 492, 493
arms control
479, 480, 483–486
civil society
479, 482, 485, 493
climate change
479, 486–489
feasibility and cost of compromise
482, 484–485, 487, 491, 493
IR theory and
479–481
“leaving America behind”
493
multilateralism minus one
478, 482–483, 492–494
non-hegemonic diplomacy
481, 482
private actors
482, 489, 491
prospects for
479, 482–492
trade
479, 489–492
Trump era
479, 482, 483–492, 493
US policies and impact
482, 483–484, 486–487, 490
hegemony; US uni/multilateralism
norms
informalization
461–462
Latin America
392–393, 405, 473–474
norm entrepreneurs
128, 372, 386–387, 392
norm innovation
405
norm localization
392, 405
norm vernacularization
392, 405
normative change
389, 392
SRSG as norm arbitrator
11, 372–373, 386–388, 389–390
UN, norm change
371–372
waxing and waning of new norms
10–12, 373, 389
North Korea
196, 472
Norway
129, 143, 345, 472
NWPT
469, 470
NPT (Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty)
197, 468, 473
disarmament
484
Mexico
473
NPT/NWPT distinction
466
“nuclear-weapon states”
468, 470, 471, 473, 476, 483
nuclear weapons
NRDC (Natural Resource Defense Council)
160
nuclear weapons
elimination and criminalization of
11–12, 466
EU
484, 485–486
Global South
473–474
Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty
483, 484, 485
Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action
484, 485–486
New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty
481, 483, 484, 485
nonhegemonic cooperation: arms control
479, 480, 483–486
nonproliferation complex
469
nonproliferation regime
197, 467, 471
Nuclear Posture Review
483
Treaty of Tlatelolco
473
US
481, 483–486
CTBT; NPT; NWPT
Nurseytov, Azamat
438
NWPT (UN Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons)
12, 466, 485
Austria
467, 472, 473, 485
ban treaty movement
467, 468, 473, 474, 476
banning the bomb
467–471
civil society
467, 473, 485
coalition of non-nuclear weapon states
467
disarmament
468, 472–473, 485
EU
471, 474, 485
France
468–469, 474, 475, 476
Germany
474, 475
humanitarian law
472, 474
humanitarian principles and environmental protection arguments
470–471
Italy
474
Japan
474, 475
nonaligned states
467, 469, 470, 473, 475
Norway
469, 470
NPT/NWPT distinction
466
“nuclear-weapon states”
468, 470, 473
opposition to
468–470, 471, 473, 475–476, 485
purpose of
467–468
Russia
468
signing and ratification
466n2
standards of civilization and universalization of the laws of war
471–476
states
467
stigmatization for the possession of nuclear weapons
12, 467, 472, 485
supporters of
473, 475
UK
468–469, 474, 475, 476
US
468–469, 485
OAS (Organization of American States)
45, 103, 401–402, 406
Obama, Barack
364–365, 387, 439
ICC
304, 320–321
Libya
345, 350, 352
US multilateralism
481, 487, 493
Obasanjo, Olusegun
337, 338
Obregón, Liliana
394–395
OCHA (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs)
296
O’Connor, Sandra Day
214
ODA (official development assistance)
78, 161, 265
O’Donnell, Madalene
6, 237–266
OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)
152, 323, 449
MAI
116, 121, 123, 124, 126–127, 447
OIC (Organization of the Islamic Conference)
347, 348, 352, 364
oil and gas
342
Chad-Cameroon Oil Pipeline Project
332
energy security
323
extractive sector
OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)
110
Orozbekov, Alymbek
438
Oslo Convention on Cluster Munitions
472
Ottawa Convention on Anti-Personnel Landmines
133
1997 Treaty Signing Conference and Mine Action Forum
127, 448, 472
1999 Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-personnel Mines and on Their Destruction
127, 481
Ottaway, Marina
299
Ouattara, Alassane
376
Oxfam
29, 121, 125–126, 135, 293
Pagnucco, Ron
118
Pahl-Wostl, Claudia
8, 267–284
Pakistan
180, 355, 420
counterterrorism
208–209
US and
208–209
WMD
193, 196, 197, 198, 209
Palestine
357, 477
Palme, Olof
494
Pan-American Union
404
Panama
398–399, 404
Panel of Eminent Persons on UN-Civil Society Relations
288
Cardoso Report
Paraguay
45
Paris Agreement
462
China
486, 488
EU
488, 489
US
481, 486–487, 488, 489
participation
86
good governance
4, 94, 95, 98–99, 105, 115, 272
Partnership Africa-Canada
331
partnerships
Cardoso Report on multilateral partnerships
289
public-private partnerships
296–297, 326, 437
Third UN
292, 295–297
Paterson, Matthew
236
path dependency
21, 47, 453, 454
Paulson, Henry
435
peace and security
84–85
as UN’s core goal
82, 84
peacebuilding; security; UN peacebuilding; UN peacekeeping
peacebuilding
6, 237–239, 261–262
actors
6, 238, 239
agencies, international and domestic
6, 239, 249
Canada
247, 249, 250, 253, 255, 257
causes of conflict
238, 251
as conflict prevention
240, 241, 242, 246, 247, 249, 250
as crisis management/civilian crisis management
242, 246, 249, 250
DDR (disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration)
253, 256, 415
definition
237, 238, 239–240, 241–248, 249–251, 261
democratization
6, 252
EU/EC
6, 242, 249, 252, 254, 256
France
246, 249, 250, 252–253, 255
Germany
244–245, 249, 250, 252–253, 255
IMF
6, 241, 249, 252, 254
institutionalization of
237, 240, 261, 262
IOs/IGOs
6, 249, 266
Japan
247–248, 250, 252, 255
organizational mandates
238, 239–240, 249, 251–252, 253, 261–262
peacebuilding areas, activities, and definitions
252, 262–264
peacekeeping
240, 241, 248, 256
popularity of
250
as postconflict peacebuilding
240, 241, 243–244, 249
postconflict peacebuilding, dimensions of
256–260
postconflict peacebuilding, practices of
251–260
as postconflict reconstruction and recovery
6, 241, 242, 248, 249–250
prioritizing peacebuilding practices
252–253, 254–257
rule of law
238, 239, 251, 253, 257, 259, 260
socioeconomic recovery
256, 257, 258
stability creation
256, 258
state institutions
238–239, 256–257, 258, 258–260
success of
237
UK
243, 249–250, 252, 255
US
242, 249, 250–251, 252, 254, 256, 260, 261
World Bank
6, 241, 249, 252, 254, 261
UN conflict prevention; UN peacebuilding
peacekeeping see UN peacekeeping
Peleman, Johan
187n74, 188
Peru
61
Peter, Mateja
7, 10, 407–427
Peterson, M.J.
118
Petry, Daniel
8, 267–284
Philippines
209
Physicians for Human Rights
128
Pillay, Navi
347
pluralism
57, 290, 458
PoC (Protection of Civilians)
367, 373, 381
as vague concept
382
Portugal
351
Potgieter, Jakkie
187
Powell, Colin
214, 315
Power, Samantha
308, 350, 365
Price, Richard
133–134
Prince of Wales Business Leadership Forum
143
private sector
78, 300, 491
public-private partnerships
296–297, 326, 437
transnational governance
27–28
UN and
4, 87–88, 285, 287, 295–297, 300–301
UN Global Compact
139, 296–297, 300
business; Third UN
privatization
77, 187, 277, 447, 458
protection of civilians
345, 353, 415, 427
SRSG
371, 375, 376, 377, 384, 389
PoC
protectionism
145, 491, 492
Public Citizen
121, 135
Publish What You Pay
340
Puchala, Donald
285, 287, 383, 387
Putin, Vladimir
12
Putnam, Robert
155, 334
Qatar
345, 366
Quaker Office at UN
298
quiet revolution
4, 75–91
challenges of the new global era
76–80
civil society
77–79, 82, 84–88
democratization
79, 85, 86, 90
developing world
75, 77, 78, 81, 88
good governance
75–76, 78, 84, 86, 89
human rights
79, 81–82, 84–85, 87
human security
84, 85–86, 88, 89, 90
rule of law
75, 76, 85
sustainable development
75, 77, 78, 85, 86, 89
UN/academy partnership
88–91
UN/civil society partnership
84–88
UN General Assembly
82–84
UN reform
80–84, 88
“We the Peoples of the United Nations”
91
R2P (Responsibility to Protect)
10, 360, 361–368, 373, 448
Annan, Kofi
387
benefits of
344
emerging powers
459
epistemic community
364, 365
humanitarian military intervention
344n3
Joint Office of the Secretary-General’s Special Advisers on Genocide Prevention and R2P
361, 367
Libya
7, 10, 343, 347, 352, 364, 368, 373–374
Libya/Syria differences
362–363
noninterference and territorial integrity norms
363–364
political challenges
364–365, 369
preventive agenda
367
principled challenges
361–364, 369
prudential considerations
366–368, 369
Syria
344, 362
UN SC Resolution 1973
10, 343, 347, 354, 360, 363, 368–369
UN Security Council’s authorization of use of force
344, 352, 369
US
364–365
use of force
343, 344, 354
Libya; use of force
Ralph, J.G.
318
Ramos-Horta, José
421
Ravenhill, John
207
Reagan, Ronald
480
realism
2, 163, 305, 399–400, 474
regime/regime theory
5, 220, 225–226, 324, 327
extractive sector
324, 327, 327–328, 329, 332–333, 341
international regimes
13, 34, 67, 224–226, 227, 235
issue regimes
34–36, 37
pathways through which regimes influence actors’ behavior
327–328, 329, 332
regionalism
macro/microregions
30, 32–33
new/old regionalism
33
regional control mechanisms
31–32
regional economic interdependency
32
regional states
31–32, 413, 418
regionness
33, 34
regionalization
33–34, 58, 177–180
globalizations vs regionalization
273, 274
Reno, William
176
reputation
201–202
resource curse
323, 324–326, 328, 337
resource-rich countries
14
civil society
14, 341
multistakeholder mechanisms
324
weak statehood
324, 341
EITI; extractive sector; natural resources; resource curse
Revolutionary Armed Forces (Colombia)
379
Revolutionary United Front (Sierra Leone)
379
Rice, Condoleezza
312, 317
Rice, Susan E.
320, 365
Richard, Shorna-Kay
470
Richard Edelman, Inc.
145n9
Richards, Paul
182
rights of man
97
Ringmar, Erik
471
Rio+10 (Johannesburg, 2002)
147, 163–164, 165
Rio Earth Summit see UNCED
Ritchie, Cyril
288
Roberts, Adam
355–356
Robinson, James
326
Robinson, Mary
212, 425
Rodley, Sir Nigel
212
Rodriguez Larreta, Alberto
398
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano
286–287
“Four Freedoms” speech
396
Rose, Frank
468
Rosenau, James
16–47
concept of global governance
2
governance typology
273–274, 274
skill revolution
4, 5
Rubin, Barnett
180, 181, 379
Ruggie, John
7, 139–146, 148, 292, 299
rule of law
212, 214, 273, 304, 313, 318, 451
Annan, K.: quiet revolution
75, 76, 85
peacebuilding
238, 239, 251, 253, 257, 259, 260
rule system
18, 21, 22, 23, 27, 30, 36, 38, 46, 61, 228
EU
44
examples of
25, 26
global governance
Rumsfeld, Donald
215
Russia
189, 420, 445
2008 military action in South Ossetia and Georgia
357
AIIB
431
Cote d’Ivoire
370–371, 373
criminal organizations
40
economy
449
leadership
13
Libya
350, 351, 353
NWPT
468
a “sovereign democracy”
451
Syria
362
BRICS; emerging powers
Ruzicka, Jan
469
Rwanda
46, 176, 179, 189, 427
genocide
1, 346, 364
Operation Turquoise
346
UN and
48, 373
UN Secretary General
50
S&P (Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group)
38, 39
Sally, Razeen
171
San Francisco Conference (1945)
288
Latin America
396, 397, 398–399, 401, 406
UN Charter
288, 396, 397
Sande, Jon Harald
382
Saudi Arabia
49
Savimbe, Jonas
174–175, 183, 187
Scandinavia
142n6, 145
Scheffer, David
309, 310, 311
Schultz, George
494
Second UN
3, 49–50
civil society
291
coercive, judgmental, partisan activities
51, 55
First/Second UN relationship
52, 53, 56–57
UN member states
50, 56
UN Secretary General and
50
UN Security Council and
55
US
50, 55
UN
security
2
coercive, judgmental, partisan activities
51, 54–55
collective defense
68
collective security
49, 54, 68
globalization and
68
international security
5–7, 48–49
interstate conflict
5, 7
interventions in armed conflict and military involvement
54–55
intrastate conflict
5, 48, 55
multilateralism
41, 49
national security vs human rights norms
9, 200, 201, 210
noncoercive, consensual, neutral activities
51–53
pacific dispute settlement
50–51
UN and
49–50
human security; national security; new wars
Senegal
414
Serbia
178
Sese Seko, Mobutu
183
Shanghai Cooperation Organization
213, 464
Shapcott, Richard
118
Shaxon, Nicholas
337
Shi Yaobin
441
Sierra Club
121
Sierra Leone
379
New Wars
176–177, 179, 182, 186
UNAMSIL (UN Assistance Mission in Sierra Leone)
413
Sikkink, Kathryn
9, 11, 227, 372, 391–406
Silk Road Economic Belt
428
Sinclair, Jill
132
Sitea, Laura
6, 237–266
skill revolution
4, 5, 23
Slaughter, Anne Marie
148
Slovakia
189
Smillie, Ian
331–332
Smith, Gayle
350
Smith, Jackie
118
social capital
85
social movements
4, 13, 23, 28–29, 71, 86, 334, 391, 392
frame theory
124–125
SMOS (social movement organizations)
118, 125
TSMOs (transnational social movement organizations)
29, 118
Socialist International
45
Somalia
46, 182, 357, 413, 426
AMISOM (AU Mission in Somalia)
412, 414, 415, 419, 423
UN peacekeeping
11, 42, 373, 375, 415, 416, 418, 427
UN Security Council
345–346
UNSOM (UN Assistance Mission in Somalia)
413
South Africa
353, 414
South Korea
431
South Sudan
412, 413, 415, 418, 426
sovereignty
conditional sovereignty
459
criticism of
95
democracy and
3, 69, 72
emerging powers
459
EU
114
human rights and
9, 199–200, 218
ICC
9, 303–304, 310, 319, 321
popular sovereignty
398, 403
sovereign equality
97, 393–394, 462
“sovereignty as responsibility”
199–200
use of force and
355, 357
state
Soviet Union
34, 40, 155, 174, 184, 189, 445
human rights
400
UDHR and
404
Spain
325–326
Spencer, Herbert
166
Sri Lanka
189
SRSG (Special representative of the Secretary-General)
11, 370–372, 388–390
Afghanistan
11, 370, 371, 377–380, 388, 389
autonomy and authority
11, 381–386, 387–389
authority, charismatic
382, 384–385
authority, delegated
382–383, 387
authority, expert
382, 383, 387
authority, moral
384, 387
authority, prestige or “revolving doors”
382, 385–386, 387–388, 389
center/periphery clash
371, 372, 380, 383, 385
conflict with UN peacekeeping principles
11, 370, 377
controversial decisions
372, 385–386, 389
Cote d’Ivoire
11, 370, 373–377, 387, 388, 389
decision-making on the ground
377, 381, 383
impartiality principle
371, 377, 380
as norm arbitrator
11, 372–373, 386–388, 389–390
peacemaking and mediation in conflicts
379–380
post-9/11 norm of not talking to terrorists
379–380
protection of civilians
371, 375, 376, 377, 384, 389
Taliban
11, 370, 378–379, 387
UN, norm change
371–372
UN Security Council and
383, 385
Choi Young-jin; De Soto, Alvaro; Eide, Kai
state
city states
30–31
democracy and nation state
3, 59, 68–71
global governance and
3, 14, 16, 23, 32–34, 41–44, 46, 70
globalization and nation-state
60, 68–70
human rights
199–200, 391, 400
landmines
135–136
MAI and
135–136
multistate system
48, 56–57
nation state
32
New Wars and state collapse/weakness
177, 191
post-Cold War order
48
regional states
31–32, 413, 418
rogue state
203, 319
secular state
71
UN and
48
sovereignty
Statoil (Norway)
143
Stephens, Matthew
12, 445–465
Strange, Susan
171
Strong, Maurice
151, 162
Subbarao, Duvvuri
443
“subgroupism”
23
Sudan
359, 362, 413, 426
Operation Lifeline Sudan
190
UN Security Council
346
Sudan People’s Liberation Movement
359
Suez crisis (1956)
53
sustainable development
150, 442
2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development
276, 294–295
Annan, K.: quiet revolution
75, 77, 78, 85, 86, 89
goals
147
multilateral governance
148, 163
Rio+10 and sustainable development
163–164, 165
UN Commission on Sustainable Development
154–155, 156, 163, 164, 295
UNCED
78, 147, 154, 156, 161
Sweden
345
Syria
344, 362, 445, 472
UN Supervision Mission
414–415
Taliban
206, 215, 377
SRSG
11, 370, 378–379, 387
Tamil Tigers
189
Taylor, Charles
176–177
technology
20
“hypermedia”
133–134
technological change
5, 24, 62, 171, 281
World Wide Web
5, 134
terrorism
379, 417
9/11 attacks
9, 10, 199, 200, 205–208, 216, 312
Indonesia
210n25
counterterrorism; human rights and counterterrorism
Thakur, Ramesh
470
Thimm, Johannes
13, 477–494
Third UN
3–4, 285–286, 287
accountability
298–299
Cardoso Report
288–290, 301
Cardoso Report reconsidered
297–301
civil society
3–4, 285, 287, 288, 290–291, 301
civil society, role in the UN
291–292, 299–300
democratization
299
functionalism, corporatism, pluralism
290, 297
global campaigns
292, 293–294
networking and coalition building
292–293
NGOs
287, 288, 298
parallel conferencing
292, 294–295
partnerships
292, 295–297
private sector
4, 285, 287, 295–297, 300–301
UN in Holmesian perspective
286–290
Willetts’s critique and challenge
289–290, 296, 298
Third World Network
121
Thirty Years’ Wars (1618–1648)
185–186
Time Warner
66
Timor-Leste
384, 409, 427
UNTAET (UN Transitional Administration in East Timor)
413
Tobar, Carlos
396
Togo
189, 414
torture
CAT
203, 213
human rights and counterterrorism
9, 208, 217
UN Committee Against Torture
213
UN Convention against Torture
480
TPP (Trans-Pacific Partnership)
463, 489, 492
trade
171
globalization
62–63
nonhegemonic cooperation
479, 489–492
trade liberalization
122, 136, 447
transitional justice
251, 257, 259, 392
transnational networks
226–227
environmental governance
226–229, 235
epistemic communities
227
global civil society
227, 228
transnational advocacy networks
227–228, 473
tribalism
71
Truman, Edward
434
Trump’s unilateralism
13, 477–478
Americanism
477
bullying tactics
493–494
nonhegemonic cooperation
479, 482, 483–492, 493
treaty withdrawal
477–478, 483–484, 486
Trusteeship Council
83–84
TTIP (Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership)
463
Tuchman Mathews, Jessica
7, 192–198
Tudjman, Franjo
184
Tunisia
346, 347
Turkey
357
Turkmenistan
326
Tutu, Desmond
130–131
Twentieth-first Century Maritime Silk Road
428
UAE (United Arab Emirates)
345, 366
UDHR (Universal Declaration of Human Rights)
140, 393, 399, 401
American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man and
402–404
Latin America and
396, 403–405
Soviet Union
404
Uganda
176, 179, 320, 379, 414
UK (United Kingdom)
475
Brexit
5, 12
CCP Program
234
DFID (Department for International Development)
243, 249–250, 253
human rights
396–397, 399, 400
Iraq: WMD inspection and elimination
192, 196
landmines
124, 126–127, 475
leadership
475
Libya
345, 349, 365, 366
NWPT
468–469, 474, 475, 476
peacebuilding
243, 249–250, 252, 255
UKFCO (Foreign and Commonwealth Office)
243, 249, 255
Ukraine
189
UN (United Nations)
2, 71, 80, 286–287
budget
42, 80, 83, 285, 494
Cold War and
41–42, 81
core mission of
82, 84
criticism
41, 42–43, 71, 286–287, 296
decline
42
democratic deficit
298
fractured international system
1, 81
good governance
4, 76, 94–95
human rights and counterterrorism
200, 201, 206, 212–213, 217
impartiality
52, 53
institutionalization
41–43
multilateralism
41, 42–43, 49, 79–80
origins of
286–287, 288, 301
peace and security as core goal
82, 84
political weakness
7
reform
4, 75, 76, 80–84, 88, 287, 289, 301
security and
49–50
state and
48
three UNs
287
US and
285, 286–287
the entries below related to UN; San Francisco Conference; First UN; Second UN; Third UN
UN Charter
81, 83, 91, 108
Articles 55 and 56
399
Chapter VII
41, 42, 307, 347, 351
Dumbarton Oaks
397, 399, 400
human rights
9, 397, 399–401
Latin America
11, 396, 399–401
San Francisco Conference
288, 396, 397
US drafts of
397
use of force
355
UN Commission of Experts
184
UN Commission on Sustainable Development
154–155, 156, 163, 164
UN Conference on Population and Development (Cairo, 1994)
71, 150, 154, 156, 160
UN conferences
5
civil society participation
86–87
effectiveness of
5, 8, 152
governments and
152
political legitimacy
152
skepticism on
147
success of
151–152, 154
UN environmental conferences
UN conflict prevention
7, 56
UN Department of Political Affairs: peacebuilding
241, 248, 254
UN environmental conferences
8, 147, 153–165
benefits
149–150
Conference on Desertification
154
Conference on Science and Technology for Development
154
Conferences on Human Settlements
154
effectiveness and impact
154–155, 156
environmental governance
147, 149–150, 163–164, 165
functions of
153–154
global environmental and sustainable conferences since 1972
158–159
governance and constructivism
5, 148–152, 163
NGOs
162–163, 165, 294
North-South relations
155, 159–160
political/financial resources
152
Preparatory Committee sessions
154
Rio+5
163
Rio+10 and sustainable development
163–164, 165
sustainable development
150
UN Conference on Population and Development; UNCED; UNCHE; World Food Conference
UN environmental conferences: functions of conference diplomacy
156–63
adopting new norms, certifying new doctrinal consensus, setting global standards
161
agenda setting
157–160
galvanizing administrative reform
161
generating new information and identifying new challenges for governments
160
popularizing issues and raising consciousness
160
promoting new actors participation
161–162
providing general alerts and early warning of new threats
160–161
UN environmental conferences
UN General Assembly
41, 97
Annan, K.: quiet revolution
82–84
Civil Society Coalition on HIV/AIDS UNGASS
293
dispute settlement
52
HIV/AIDS
293
human rights and counterterrorism
212–213
landmines
130
reform of
84
Resolution 219
212
UN peacekeeping
386
UN reforms
82–84
UN Security Council and
106–107
UNGASS (UN General Assembly Special Session)
293
UN Global Compact
7–8, 146, 301
Annan, Kofi
139, 296, 300
business of business
145
corporations and
7, 8, 139, 448
criticism
139, 140, 296
IONs
8, 143–144
leadership
143
learning forum
140–143
NGOs and
139, 141n4, 146
objectives
139–140, 146, 300
private sector
139, 296–297, 300
regional, national, sectoral initiatives
143
strengths and weaknesses
144, 146
UN participating entities
143, 147
universal principles
140, 142, 143, 300
UN Human Rights Committee
202–203, 212
UN Human Rights Council
347, 447
UN member states
19, 83–84, 301
First UN and
50
Second UN and
50, 56
UN peacebuilding
6, 240, 253
Annan, Kofi
238
Boutros-Ghali, Boutros
237, 240
peacebuilding, definition
237, 239–240, 248–249
top contributors to current peacebuilding operations
265
UN Secretariat
240, 252, 421
UN Secretariat, DPA
241, 248, 254
UNDP
241, 248, 249, 251, 252, 253, 254, 256
UN conflict prevention; UN peacekeeping
UN Peacebuilding Commission
238, 239, 262
UN Peacebuilding Support Office
262
UN peacekeeping
10, 11, 53, 386, 426–427
budget
80
capabilities
56, 415–416
challenges
3, 7, 11, 53–54, 408
in conflict/war zones
414–415, 422, 424, 427
criticism
42–43, 56, 419–420
DDR (disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration)
253, 256, 415
expanding mandates
409, 410, 424, 427
extension of state authority
408, 410, 413, 417, 424
First UN
53
from defensive to offensive peacekeeping
411, 419, 422
High-Level Independent Panel on UN Peace Operations
421
integrated missions
387, 423
intelligence
415–416
legitimacy of
11, 417, 419
New Horizon process
420–421
new realities of
409–416, 421, 426
peace enforcement
11, 409, 410, 415, 417, 419, 426, 427
peace enforcement/peacekeeping distinction
375–376, 408, 416
peacekeepers as combat troops
53, 56, 422
recommendations for
55–57
regional conflicts
413–414, 418, 426
robust peacekeeping
373–376, 377, 407–408, 420–423, 427
stabilization missions
408, 409, 410, 416, 427
state-building
260, 413, 423–424, 426, 427
success of
381, 423–424
targeted combat operations
411
UN Secretary General
42, 50, 53
use of force
7, 11, 55, 418–419, 426
war-making/peacekeeping distinction
56
Brahimi Report; DPKO; DRC; Mali; protection of civilians; SRSG; UN peacekeeping principles; UN troops; use of force
UN peacekeeping principles
11, 370, 373, 377, 384, 388–389, 408, 416, 426
Afghanistan, impartiality principle
371, 377, 380
consent
416–417, 423–424
doctrine/practice gap
11, 53–54, 377, 389, 408–409, 416, 427
doctrine/practice gap: implications for conflict dynamics and peacebuilding
424–426
doctrine/practice gap: implications for UN peacekeeping and humanitarian efforts
421–424
doctrine/practice gap: responses to
419–421
impartiality
417–418, 424–425
non-use of force
418–419
UN Secretariat
First UN
3, 50, 53
politicization of
52
Second UN
50
UN peacebuilding
240, 252, 421
UN Secretariat, DPA
241, 248, 254
UN Secretary-General
41
good offices role
388
Libya
10, 347, 348, 349, 351, 361
Secretary-General’s Office
143, 383
UN peacekeeping
42, 50, 53
Annan, Kofi; Ban Ki-moon; Boutros-Ghali, Boutros; Hammarskjöld, Dag; SRSG
UN Security Council
4, 41, 83, 106, 386
accountability
106, 107
budget
107–108
consensus decision-making
106–107
counterterrorism
201, 205–206
deadlock on institutional reform
460
good governance
96, 102, 106–108, 109
human rights
204
ICC and
307–308
Iraq: WMD inspection and elimination
193, 196
landmines
129, 130
Libya
7, 10, 343, 350
meetings
41–42
nonpermanent representatives
106
as politically motivated institution
308
R2P
344, 352, 369
Second UN and
55
SRSG and
383, 385
UN General Assembly and
106–107
US and
307
use of force
343, 345–346
use of force, authorization for
344, 352, 355, 356, 369, 418
WMD
196–197, 198
entries below for UN Security Council; UN peacekeeping
UN Security Council: Permanent Five
106, 350, 378
emerging powers and
457
landmines
129, 130
NWPT
475
peacekeeping activities
42
veto power
96, 362
UN Security Council Resolutions
UN Charter: Chapter VII
42
Resolution 794
345–346
Resolution 929
346
Resolution 940
346
Resolution 1368
205–206
Resolution 1373
201, 206, 212
Resolution 1378
378
Resolution 1422
314
Resolution 1456
212–213
Resolution 1970
347–348, 351, 352
Resolution 1973
10, 343, 345, 346, 347, 350–354, 356, 360, 363, 368–369
Resolution 1973, abstention on and criticism
351, 352–353, 361
Resolution 1975
374–375
Syria, draft resolutions on
362
US, ICC and
314–315, 322
UN Senior Management Group
82
UN System
41–43, 57
global governance
16, 41, 43
multistate system
48, 56–57
UN troops
11, 41
peacekeepers as combat troops
53, 56, 422
regional troops
413–414, 418
troop-contributing countries
11, 308
US
308, 314, 315
UN peacekeeping
UNCED (UN Conference on Environment and Development/Rio Earth Summit, 1992)
67, 147, 160
1997 UNCED+5 meeting
153, 156
2002 UNCED+10 meeting
153
Agenda 21
150, 154, 155, 161, 221, 267, 291, 295
civil society
71
Convention on Biological Diversity
154
diversity of participants
68
effectiveness
154, 156
follow-up of commitments
153, 154
Framework Convention on Climate Change
154
NGOs
162
Rio Declaration
154
Statement of Forest Principles
154
sustainable development
78, 147, 154, 156, 161
UN Commission on Sustainable Development
154–155, 156, 163, 164
UN Global Compact
140, 142
UNCHE/UNCED comparison
151
UNCHE (UN Conference on the Human Environment, Sweden, 1972)
150, 153, 156, 163, 164
Action Plan for the Human Environment
154
agenda setting
157, 159–160
effectiveness
154, 155, 156
Founex preparations
150, 157, 159
land-based marine pollution
161
parallel NGO conferences and governmental conferences
162, 294
Stockholm Declaration
154
tripartite administrative framework
150–151
UNCHE/UNCED comparison
151
UNEP
156, 161
UNCHR (UN Commission on Human Rights)
203, 204, 210, 213
uncivil society
79, 88, 336
UNDP (UN Development Programme)
111, 143, 276
Human Development Report
85, 90
partnerships with NGOs
295
UN peacebuilding
241, 248, 249, 251, 252, 253, 254, 256
UNEP (UN Environmental Programme)
111, 143, 163–164, 165, 276, 292
location in Kenya
163
UNCHE
156, 161
UNESCO (UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization)
275, 477, 480
International Hydrological Programme
276, 277
UNFCCC (UN Framework Convention on Climate Change)
158, 448, 480, 486
Kyoto session of the Conference of the Parties
78, 224
UNFIP (UN Fund for International Partnerships)
296
UNHCHR (UN High Commissioner for Human Rights)
143, 204, 212, 213
UNICEF (UN Children’s Fund)
129, 130, 253
UNIFEM (UN Development Fund for Women)
253
UNITA (União Nacional para Independência Total de Angola)
174–175, 178, 181, 183, 187–189, 191
United Steelworkers of America
121
Universal Postal Union
96
UNMOVIC (UN Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission)
192, 193, 194–195
UNOP (UN Office for Partnerships)
296
UNSCOM (UN Special Commission)
192–193, 194–195
UNU (UN University)
90
Uruguay
398–399, 400–401, 406
US (United States)
2003 invasion of Iraq
7, 357
Advisory Committee on Postwar Foreign Policy
397
CCP Program
222, 233–234
China/US relationship
317, 449, 490, 491, 492
counterterrorism
208–211
Country Reports on Human Rights Practices
204
Foreign Operations Appropriations Act
215
hegemony
13, 450, 475, 478, 480
human rights
204, 396–397, 399, 400
human rights and counterterrorism
200, 201, 203, 206, 212–213, 214–215, 217
IDB
103–104
IMF
431, 457
Iran and
484, 485–486
Iraq: WMD inspection and elimination
192, 193, 194, 196
Iraq Survey Group
194, 195
Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action
484
Kyoto Protocol
163, 481, 486, 488, 489
Latin America and
393, 394
leadership
13, 50, 55, 198, 445, 475, 493, 494
Libya
345, 350, 357
MARO military planning handbook (Mass Atrocity Response Operations)
368
National Security Strategy
312, 364–365
NATO and
478
Nuclear Posture Review
483
nuclear weapons
481, 483–486
NWPT
468–469, 485
Pakistan and
208–209
Paris Agreement
481, 486–487, 488, 489
peacebuilding
242, 249, 250–251, 252, 254, 256, 260, 261
Peacekeeping and Stability Operations Institute
368
protectionism
490, 491, 492
R2P
364–365
Second UN
50, 55
UN and
285, 286–287
UN Security Council and
307
UN troops
308, 314, 315
US Department of Justice
214
US Iraq Survey group
194, 195
US Secretary of State
10, 397
US Treasury
435, 447
USA Patriot Act
208
use of force
357, 367–368
veto power
457
WMD
197, 198
World Bank and
431, 432, 457
ICC; US uni/multilateralism
US uni/multilateralism
13, 163, 479, 478, 492–494
Bush, George H.W.
480, 481, 486, 488, 493–494
Clinton, Bill
480, 481, 493
Cold War
480
hegemonic institution building
479, 480
IR theory and the question of nonhegemonic cooperation
479–481
multilateral leadership
479
multilateralism minus one
478, 483, 492
Nixon, Richard
480
Obama, Barack
481, 487, 493
Reagan, Ronald
480
Trump, Donald
13, 477–478, 482, 483–492
withdrawal from treaties/IOs
477–478, 480, 483–484, 486, 488
nonhegemonic cooperation
USAID (US Agency for International Development)
Office for Conflict Management and Mitigation
249
Office of Transition Initiatives
261
peacebuilding
243, 249, 253, 254, 256, 261
use of force
475
2003 US-led invasion of Iraq
7, 357
2008 Russian military action in South Ossetia and Georgia
357
challenges of using military force
354–360
opposition to
344
political objections
355, 357–359
principled challenges
355–357
prudential considerations
355, 359–360
R2P
343, 344, 354
state sovereignty and
355, 357
UN Charter
355
UN peacekeeping
7, 11, 55, 418–419, 426
UN SC Resolution 1973
356
UN Security Council
343, 345–346
UN Security Council, authorization for the use of force
344, 352, 355, 356, 369, 418
US
357, 367–368
use of force for human protection
343–344, 354, 357, 358
use of force by outsiders for human protection
360
Libya; R2P
Utas, Mats
426
Uzbekistan
215
Vance, Cyrus
387
Vendrell, Francesc
378
Venezuela
143, 332, 396
Viacom
66
Vieira de Mello, Sergio
212
Vietnam
143, 355
Voth, Hans-Joachim
325–326
VPs (Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights)
326–327, 333, 341
evolution, behavioral pathways, and effectiveness
330–331
extractive sector
VVAF (Vietnam Veterans of America Foundation)
128
Wade, Robert
171
Wallace, William
294
Wapner, Paul
298
war
166
siege warfare/war of attrition
54
war-making/peacekeeping distinction
56
New Wars; peacebuilding; security
Warkentin, Craig
5, 116–138
Warsaw Pact countries
177, 189
Washington Consensus
447, 451, 458
Washington Post
48, 131, 139, 208
water governance/GWG (global water governance)
267–269, 283–284
conceptual framework for analyzing GWG
272–274, 283–284
current state of GWG
275–278
EU
8, 276, 280
future scenarios for GWG
278–283, 280
GWG, definition
272
international law
275
multilevel governance
8–9, 269–272
need for GWG
269–272
private governance
277
transnational water corporations
277
UN
275–277
UN Convention on the Law of the Non-navigational Uses of International Watercourses
267n2, 275, 279
UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
267n2, 275, 279
UN Water
276, 277, 279
UNESCO
275, 276, 277
WHO
275
World Bank
275
water governance/GWG, future scenarios for
278–283, 280
GEO scenarios
281, 282
global policymaking through informal, decentralized, and market approaches
279
global policymaking with focus on formal treaties and centralized agencies
279
IPCC scenarios
281, 282–283
Millennium Assessment scenarios
281–283
regional, multilevel policymaking
279–280
state-centered regional policymaking
279, 280, 283
Water for Life Decade
276
Water Framework Directive
280
Weber, Max
384, 385
Weiss, Thomas
287, 288
Welles, Sumner
397
Wendt, Alexander
2
Western Governors’ Association
121
Westphalian order
290, 294, 300
WHO (World Health Organization)
275, 293
Wihtol, Robert
433
Willetts, Peter
117, 289–290, 296, 297, 298
Williams, Jody
128, 131
Williams, Paul
7, 10, 343–369, 373
Williamson, Clint
319
Wilme, Emmanuel “Dread”
374
Wilson, Woodrow
309n24
WMD (weapons of mass destruction)
7
chemical and biological weapons
193, 469, 470, 481
CTBT
197, 481
India
197, 198
institutional changes, recommendations for
196–198
international nonproliferation regime
197–198
Israel
197, 198
Pakistan
193, 196, 197, 198, 209
proliferation of
68, 196
UN Security Council
196–197, 198
universal compliance
197
US
197, 198
IAEA; Iraq: WMD inspection and elimination; NPT; nuclear weapons; NWPT
Wood, Brian
188, 188n74
Woods, Ngaire
4, 92–115
World Assembly of NGOs Concerned with the Global Environment
292
World Bank
102, 111, 437, 447, 481
authority and capacity for governance
38–39
environmental protection
442
good governance
94–95, 97, 98, 115
governance structure
434–435, 436
High Level Commission on Modernization
435
India
439–440
nonresident boards
435
partnerships with NGOs
295
peacebuilding
6, 241, 249, 252, 254, 261
Post-Conflict Fund
261
US
431, 432, 457
water governance
275
Zedillo Report
435
World Development Report
77
World Business Council for Sustainable Development
143
World Commission on Global Governance
300
World Development Movement
121
World Economic Forum
87, 464
World Food Conference (1984)
161
“Assessment of the World Food Situation”
160–161
effectiveness
154
IFAD
156
World Food Programme
156
World Summit on the Information Society
295
World Summit on Sustainable Development
276, 294–295
World War II
human rights
393, 395, 396–397, 398
post-World War II period
77, 249, 300, 321, 393, 396–397, 447, 475, 479
World Water Assessment Programme
267, 276
World Water Council
8, 276, 279
World Water Development Report
276
World Water Forums
267, 279
World Wide Web
116, 120
enlarged multilateralism
120, 134–138
global civil society and
120, 138
landmines, ban campaign
120, 133–134, 135, 136–137
MAI, campaign against
116, 120, 121–122, 126–127, 134, 135, 136–137
NGOs and
116–117, 120, 123–124
shortcomings
127
technological change
5, 134
World Wildlife Fund
141n4
WTO (World Trade Organization)
36, 145, 164, 445, 447, 458, 461
consensus decisionmaking
108–109
Doha round
460, 463, 464, 492
good governance
97, 108–109
MAI
121
Millennium round
447
US and
478, 480, 489, 490, 492
Xi, Jinping
12
Young, Oran
94, 232n54, 324, 327–328, 341
Yudhoyono, Susilo Bambang
210n25
Yugoslavia (former)
427, 448
New Wars
168, 178, 179
sanctions
179
UN Security Council Resolutions
42
Zaire
183
Zambia
189
Zimbabwe
65, 176n27, 179, 331, 332
Zuma, Jacob
353