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Index

In: Litigating the Rights of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples in Domestic and International Courts

Dar Hadith al Hassania

Index

Aarela and Nakkalajarvi v Finland

See also

United Nations Human Rights Committee

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission

,

,

See also

Aboriginal peoples

;

Australia

;

Torres Strait Islander(s)

Aboriginal

–

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

–

,

definition of

,

peoples

,

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

See also

Australia

;

culture, distinctive

;

identity

;

Indigenous peoples

;

Mabo (no. 2) v Queensland

;

title, native

; Native Title Act 1993 (

Australia

);

Torres Strait Islander(s)

;

tribal peoples

accommodation

,

of (cultural) diversity

–

,

of Muslim/Islamic family law

,

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

reasonable

,

See also

diversity

;

pluralism

;

tolerance

Act on the Sámi Parliament of 1995 (Finland)

,

,

,

,

,

See also

Finland

;

Sámi

; Supreme Administrative Court of

Finland

action(s)

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

affirmative

discriminatory

,

matrimonial

–

See also

discrimination

;

equality

;

measure(s), positive

;

measure(s), special

;

treatment, differential

;

treatment, discriminatory

Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities

–

,

,

,

,

,

,

See also

Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities

African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights

See also

African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights

;

Botswana

;

Kenya

;

South Africa

African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights

,

,

–

,

See also

African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights

;

Endorois

;

Kenya

Afrikaans

,

–

,

,

–

,

–

,

See also

community/communities

;

culture, language and

;

identity

;

South Africa

alphabet

–

,

,

,

Cyrillic

,

,

,

Latin

–

,

,

,

,

See also

Croatia

;

Lithuania

;

language law(s)

;

Russian Federation

;

script

American Convention on Human Rights

,

–

,

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

–

See also

Inter-American Commission of Human Rights, Inter-American Court of Human Rights

assimilation

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

See also

integration

Australia

–

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

,

–

,

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

–

See also

Aboriginal peoples

;

doctrine of discovery

;

High Court of Australia

;

Federal Court of Australia

;

Mabo (no. 2) v Queensland

;

title, Aboriginal

;

title, native

;

Native Title Act 1993 (Australia)

;

terra nullius

autonomy

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

–

See also

federation

;

self-determination

;

self-government

belief(s)

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

adherent(s)/follower(s) of traditional

,

–

,

,

–

,

–

,

traditional

,

,

–

,

,

–

,

See also

faith

;

religion(s)

Basarwa

See also

Botswana

;

customary law

; High Court of

Botswana

;

Indigenous peoples

;

land rights

;

title, native

Belize

,

,

,

,

See also

common law

;

Constitution of Belize

;

Indigenous peoples

;

land rights

;

Maya

;

right(s), customary (property)

;

title, Aboriginal

bilingual(ism)

–

,

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

See also

language(s)

;

monolingual(ism)

;

multilingual(ism)

Botswana

,

,

See also

Basarwa

;

customary law

;

High Court of Botswana

;

Indigenous peoples

;

land rights

;

title, native

Cadoret and Bihan v France

–

See also

United Nations Human Rights Committee

Canada

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

See also

Aboriginal peoples

;

common law

;

Constitution Act of 1982 (Canada)

;

doctrine of discovery

;

land rights

;

law(s), customary

;

Nishga

;

Supreme Court of Canada

;

right(s), Aboriginal

;

right(s), treaty

;

terra nullius

;

title, Aboriginal

card(s)

family

–

,

–

identity

,

–

,

–

See also

belief(s), adherent(s)/follower(s) of traditional

;

Constitutional Court of Indonesia

Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

–

,

–

See also

Croatia

;

language law(s)

;

Latvia

;

Lithuania

;

minority/minorities

;

Moldova

;

North Macedonia

;

rights of minorities

;

Romania

;

Russian Federation

;

Ukraine

certificate(s)

birth

,

,

–

death

marriage

See also

belief(s), adherent(s)/follower(s) of traditional

;

Constitutional Court of Indonesia

;

Finland

;

Indonesia

;

Muslim/Islamic family law

;

Sámi

;

South Africa

Christian

,

,

,

,

marriage

,

nation

–

,

values

,

view

,

See also

religion(s)

Civil Administration Law of 2006 (Indonesia)

,

–

,

–

See also Constitutional Court of Indonesia; Indonesia; law(s), adat; unconstitutional(ity), conditional

claim(s)

–

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

–

,

of membership

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

,

See also

community/communities

;

group(s)

;

Indigenous peoples

minority/minorities

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

for maintenance

–

,

–

,

See also

marriage, Muslim/Islamic

;

Muslim/Islamic family law

colonial(ism)

,

–

,

,

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

See also

doctrine of discovery

;

ideology

;

terra nullius

common law

,

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

See also

Australia

;

Canada

;

New Zealand

;

United States

communism/communist

,

,

,

,

–

See also

ideology

community/communities

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

,

–

acceptance

,

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

Indigenous

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

,

international

,

–

,

,

minority

,

,

,

–

,

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

–

,

,

Richtersveld

–

sharing a common cultural and language heritage

–

,

–

,

–

See also

Section 235 of Constitution of South Africa

traditional

–

tribal

,

–

,

,

,

–

See also

group(s)

conditionality

,

,

See also

rights of minorities

;

standards, international

Constitution

of Belize

of Croatia

of Ecuador

,

,

,

of Latvia

,

–

of Malaysia

of Moldova

–

of Nicaragua

,

of North Macedonia

,

–

of Romania

of Slovakia

of South Africa

,

–

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

–

,

,

–

See also

Interim Constitution of South Africa

of the Russian Federation

,

of Ukraine

,

,

–

,

,

See also

Belize

;

Croatia

;

Ecuador

;

Latvia

;

Malaysia

;

Moldova

;

North Macedonia

;

Romania

;

Slovakia

;

South Africa

;

the Russian Federation

;

Ukraine

Constitutional Court

of Austria

of Bosnia and Herzegovina

of Colombia

,

of Croatia

–

of Ecuador

of Latvia

,

–

of Lithuania

–

,

,

of Indonesia

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

of Moldova

–

,

of North Macedonia

–

,

of Peru

of Romania

,

of Slovakia

–

,

of South Africa

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

–

,

–

,

of the Russian Federation

,

of Ukraine

–

,

–

,

–

See also

Constitution

;

constitutional(ity)

;

ground(s), unconstitutionality

constitutional(ity)

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

–

block

principles

–

,

,

,

,

–

,

protection

,

,

,

,

review

,

–

,

,

values

,

–

,

,

,

–

,

,

See also

Constitutional Court

;

unconstitutional(ity)

consultation

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

,

–

See also

Free, Prior and Informed Consent (fpic)

;

participation

;

right(s)

continuity

–

,

legal

–

requirement of

See also

land rights

;

law(s), traditional

;

custom(s), traditional

Convention on Biological Diversity

–

,

See also

law(s), biodiversity

;

United Nations

cosmopolitanism

See also

universalism/universalist

Council of Europe

,

,

See also

European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages

;

European Convention on Human Rights

;

Framework Convention for the Protection on National Minorities

;

Venice Commission

Court of Appeal of New Zealand

,

–

See also

Indigenous peoples

;

land rights

;

Māori

;

New Zealand

;

right(s), customary (property)

;

title, native

Croatia

,

–

See also

Constitution of Croatia

;

Constitutional Court of Croatia

;

Law on National Minorities of 2002 (Croatia)

culture

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

,

–

distinctive

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

language and

–

,

,

,

–

See also

belief(s), traditional

;

custom(s), traditional

;

identity

;

language(s)

;

religion(s)

custom(s), traditional

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

See also

Aboriginal peoples

;

customary law

;

Indigenous peoples

;

law(s), traditional

customary law

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

See also

Aboriginal peoples

;

custom(s), traditional

;

Indigenous peoples

;

law(s), traditional

Declaration of Independence of 1991 (Moldova)

–

See also

Constitution of Moldova, Constitutional Court of Moldova

;

Moldovan/Romanian language debate

descent, biological

,

See also

Aboriginal peoples

;

membership

;

Sámi, membership of the

dichotomy/dichotomisation

,

–

,

,

,

Diergaardt v Namibia

–

See also

United Nations Human Rights Committee

dignity

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

equal

,

human

,

,

,

,

–

,

discrimination

,

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

–

linguistic

,

,

,

,

(in)direct

,

,

,

,

,

racial

,

,

,

,

,

structural

,

,

See also

action, affirmative

;

action, discriminatory

;

treatment, differential

;

treatment, discriminatory

;

equality

;

ground(s), discrimination

;

measures, positive

diversity

,

,

,

,

cultural

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

–

internal

,

linguistic

,

tolerance of

,

,

See also

accommodation

;

pluralism

;

tolerance

doctrine of discovery

,

–

,

,

See also

Australia

;

Canada

;

Mabo (no. 2) v Queensland

;

New Zealand

;

terra nullius

;

United States

duty/duties

,

,

,

,

,

affirmative

–

of the state(s)

–

,

,

,

,

to/of support

–

,

–

,

See also

obligation(s)

;

right(s)

Dutch East Indies

,

See also

Indonesia

Ecuador

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

,

See also

Constitution of Ecuador

;

Constitutional Court of Ecuador

;

Kichwa Indigenous People of Sarayaku v. Ecuador

Education Law of 1998 / of 2004 / of 2018 (Latvia)

–

See also

Constitution of Latvia

;

Constitutional Court of Latvia

;

Latvia

Education Law of 2017 (Ukraine)

–

See also

Constitution of Ukraine

;

Constitutional Court of Ukraine

;

Secondary Education Law of 2020 (Ukraine)

;

State Language Law of 2019 (Ukraine)

;

State Language Policy Law of 2012 (Ukraine)

;

Ukraine

electoral roll

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

–

See also

participation

;

registration, voter

;

reserved seats

;

right to vote

empire(s)

,

,

,

multi-ethnic

–

multi-national

See also

imperialism

Endorois

–

,

See also

African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights

;

African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights

;

community/communities

;

Indigenous peoples

;

Kenya

;

possession/dispossession

;

right(s), customary (property)

equality

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

See also

action, affirmative

;

action, discriminatory

;

discrimination

;

treatment, differential

;

treatment, discriminatory

;

measures, positive

European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages

,

,

,

,

See also

Council of Europe

;

Framework Convention for the Protection on National Minorities

European Convention on Human Rights

,

,

,

,

See also

Council of Europe

faith

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

,

good

,

,

See also

belief(s)

;

religion(s)

Federal Court of Australia

–

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

–

See also

Australia

; High Court of

Australia

;

Mabo (no. 2) v Queensland

; Native Title Act 1993 (

Australia

);

title, native

federation

,

,

,

–

,

multi-ethnic

multi-national

,

,

,

See also

autonomy

;

self-government

Finland

–

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

–

,

,

See also

Act on the Sámi Parliament of 1995 ( Finland)

;

Finland

;

Sámi

; Supreme Administrative Court of

Finland

Federal Court of Malaysia

See also

common law

;

Constitution of Malaysia

;

Indigenous peoples

;

land rights

;

Malaysia

;

Orang Asli

;

right(s), customary (property)

;

title, native

Foreshore and Seabed Act 2004 (New Zealand)

See also

Court of Appeal of New Zealand

;

Māori

;

New Zealand

;

right(s), customary (property)

;

title, native

Framework Convention for the Protection on National Minorities

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

See also

Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities

;

Council of Europe

;

European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages

Free, Prior and Informed Consent (fpic)

,

,

,

–

,

–

See also

consultation

;

participation

;

right(s)

freedom

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

,

of association

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

,

of expression

,

,

,

of media

,

–

of movement

,

of religion and belief

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

See also

duty/duties

;

obligation(s)

;

right(s)

ground(s)

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

discrimination

–

,

,

,

,

,

of public policy

,

,

procedural

,

,

,

,

unconstitutionality

–

,

,

,

,

See also

Constitutional Court

;

constitutional(ity)

;

discrimination

;

policy, public

; un

constitutional(ity)

group(s)

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

–

ethnic

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

,

marginalised

–

,

racial

,

,

,

religious

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

See also

Aboriginal peoples

;

community/communities

;

Indigenous peoples

;

minority/minorities

High Court of Australia

,

,

–

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

See also

Australia

;

Mabo (no. 2) v Queensland

High Court of Cassation and Justice of Romania

–

See also

Romania

;

linguistic/language rights

Howard v Canada

–

See also

United Nations Human Rights Committee

ideology

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

–

See also

colonialism

;

communism

;

imperialism

;

liberalism

;

nationalism

;

Pancasila

;

racism

identity

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

,

cultural

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

multiple

–

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

–

See also

belief(s), traditional

;

custom(s), traditional

;

culture

;

language(s)

;

religion(s)

ilo Convention no. 169 on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples

,

,

,

,

,

See also

consultation

;

Indigenous peoples

;

participation

;

right(s)

;

tribal peoples

;

United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples

imperialism

See also

empire(s)

;

ideology

Indian Act (Canada)

,

–

See also

Aboriginal peoples, Canada

Indigenous peoples

–

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

–

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

,

–

See also

Aboriginal peoples

;

culture, distinctive

;

identity

;

ilo Convention no. 169 on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples

;

Māori

;

Sámi

;

tribal peoples

;

United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples

Indonesia

–

,

–

,

,

,

–

See also

Civil Administration Law of 2006 (Indonesia)

;

Constitution of Indonesia

;

Constitutional Court of Indonesia

;

Pancasila

injustice(s)

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

See also

justice

integration

,

,

,

–

,

,

social

,

,

societal

,

,

system

,

,

See also

assimilation

Inter-American Commission of Human Rights

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

Inter-American Court of Human Rights

–

,

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

–

,

Inter-American System of Human Rights

–

,

,

,

–

See also

American Convention on Human Rights, Inter-American Commission of Human Rights, Inter-American Court of Human Rights

interest(s)

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

conflicting

,

,

,

customary

,

–

,

property

,

,

,

,

,

See also

right(s) and interest(s)

Interim Constitution of South Africa

,

See also

Constitution of South Africa

;

Constitutional Court of South Africa

;

South Africa

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

Article 27 of

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

–

Optional Protocol of

,

–

,

,

,

,

–

,

–

See also

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

;

United Nations

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

,

,

,

,

,

See also

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

;

United Nations

International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination

See also

discrimination

;

equality

;

racism/racist

;

United Nations

interpretation

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

–

evolutionary

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

functional

of human rights

,

,

(r)evolutionary

,

judicial

,

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

activism

,

–

protection

–

,

,

,

–

,

–

See also

right to judicial guarantees

review

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

–

judiciary, role of the

–

,

,

justice

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

restorative

See also

injustice(s)

Kaliña and Lokono Peoples v. Suriname

,

–

,

,

–

,

–

See also

Inter-American System of Human Rights

;

Suriname

Kenya

,

–

,

See also

African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights

;

community/communities

;

Endorois

;

Indigenous peoples

;

right(s), customary (property)

Kichwa Indigenous People of Sarayaku v. Ecuador

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

See also

Ecuador

;

Inter-American System of Human Rights

Kitok v Sweden

,

See also

United Nations Human Rights Committee

land

–

,

–

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

,

–

claims

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

rights

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

,

See also

Aboriginal peoples

;

Basarwa

;

Endorois

;

Indigenous peoples

;

Māori

;

Maya

;

Nishga

;

Orang Asli

;

right(s) in land

;

Sámi

;

tribal peoples

;

Torres Strait Islander(s)

connection with the

–

,

–

,

,

,

See also

Aboriginal peoples

;

Australia

; High Court of

Australia

;

Mabo (no. 2) v Queensland

; Native Title Act 1993 (

Australia

);

title, native

;

Torres Strait Islander(s)

customary

–

See also

right(s), customary (property)

traditional

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

–

See also

occupation/occupancy, use and

;

possession/dispossession

language(s)

local

,

–

,

minority

,

–

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

official

,

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

–

policy

–

,

,

,

regional

,

special status

,

state

–

,

–

,

–

,

–

use in private sphere

use in public sphere

,

use in state institutions

,

,

,

–

use in written and oral communications

,

,

,

See also

bilingual(ism)

;

culture

;

European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages

;

identity

;

monolingual(ism)

;

mother tongue

;

multilingual(ism)

language law(s)

–

,

,

,

at state level

–

,

–

,

,

,

,

See also

Moldova

;

Slovakia

;

Ukraine

at sub-state level

,

See also

Russian Federation

sanctions for violation of

Latvia

,

,

–

See also

Constitution of Latvia

;

Constitutional Court of Latvia

;

Education Law of 1998 / of 2004 / of 2018 (Latvia)

law(s)

adat

See also

belief(s), traditional

;

law(s), traditional

;

Indonesia

biodiversity

,

See also

Convention on Biological Diversity

;

United Nations

common

,

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

customary

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

international

,

,

–

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

Muslim/Islamic

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

–

,

See also

Muslim/Islamic family law

;

law(s), Sharia

Roman-Dutch

–

,

,

Sharia

,

,

See also

law(s), Muslim/Islamic

;

Muslim/Islamic family law

traditional

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

law-maker (court acting as)

,

,

–

,

,

–

Law on the Use of Languages of 1989 (Moldova)

,

See also

Constitution of Moldova

;

Constitutional Court of Moldova

;

Moldova

Law on National Minorities of 2002 (Croatia)

–

See also

Constitution of Croatia

;

Constitutional Court of Croatia

;

Croatia

lease

,

,

–

See also

common law

;

land

;

marriage, Muslim

;

pastoral(ist)

;

property

;

liberalism

liberal-egalitarian

–

liberal-individualist

–

See also

ideology

linguistic/language rights

,

,

–

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

–

in public administration

,

–

,

–

,

in education

–

,

,

–

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

–

,

in judiciary

,

–

in media

,

,

–

in private sphere

,

,

,

in public sphere

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

personal names

,

,

place names

,

territorial scope of application

See also

right(s), scope of

threshold for exercise of

,

–

,

–

,

–

See also

right to use a minority language

;

rights of minorities

;

standards, international

Lithuania

,

–

,

,

See also

Constitution of Lithuania

;

Constitutional Court of Lithuania

;

Supreme Administrative Court of Lithuania

Local Public Administration Law of 2001 (Romania)

See also

Romania

; Constitution of

Romania

; Constitutional Court of

Romania

Lovelace v Canada

,

,

See also

United Nations Human Rights Committee

Mabo (no. 2) v Queensland

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

,

See also

Aboriginal peoples

;

doctrine of discovery

;

High Court of Australia

;

land, connection with the

;

Native Title Act 1993 (Australia)

;

title, native

;

Torres Strait Islander(s)

Malaysia

,

,

,

See also

common law

;

Federal Court of Malaysia

;

Indigenous peoples

;

land rights

;

Orang Asli

;

right(s), customary (property)

;

title, native

Māori

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

–

See also

Court of Appeal of New Zealand

;

Indigenous peoples

;

Foreshore and Seabed Act 2004 (New Zealand)

;

New Zealand

;

right(s), customary (property)

;

title, native

marriage

,

,

,

civil

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

customary

,

,

Muslim/Islamic

–

,

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

–

of adherent(s)/follower(s) of traditional belief(s)

,

–

,

putative

,

to a non-Indian

–

See also

belief(s), traditional

;

custom(s), traditional

;

Indian Act (Canada)

;

monogamy

;

Muslim/Islamic family law

;

polygyny

Mavlonov and Sa’di v Uzbekistan

–

See also

United Nations Human Rights Committee

Maya

,

See also

Aboriginal title

;

Belize

;

common law

; Constitution of

Belize

;

Indigenous peoples

;

land rights

;

right(s), customary (property)

Mayagna (Sumo) Awas Tingni Community v. Nicaragua

,

,

,

See also

Inter-American System of Human Rights

measure(s)

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

positive

–

,

,

,

–

special

,

,

,

,

,

,

See also

action, affirmative

;

action, discriminatory

;

treatment, differential

;

treatment, discriminatory

;

equality

;

discrimination

membership

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

–

,

–

legal

,

objective criteria for

,

,

,

,

of group

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

,

of minority

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

,

–

See also

Aboriginal peoples

;

Māori

;

Sámi

minority/minorities

ethnic

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

group

–

,

–

,

,

,

,

–

,

national

,

,

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

–

protection

–

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

–

,

religious

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

,

returns

See also

culture

;

identity

;

rights of minorities

Moldova

–

,

–

See also

Constitution of Moldova

;

Constitutional Court of Moldova

;

Declaration of Independence of 1991 (Moldova)

;

language law(s) at state level

;

Law on the Use of Languages of 1989 (Moldova)

;

Moldovan/Romanian language debate

Moldovan/Romanian language debate

–

See also

Constitution of Moldova

;

Constitutional Court of Moldova

;

Declaration of Independence of 1991 (Moldova)

monogamy

,

–

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

See also

polygyny

monolingual(ism)

See also

bilingual(ism)

;

multilingual(ism)

mother tongue

,

,

–

,

–

See also

language(s)

;

linguistic/language rights

multilingual(ism)

,

–

See also

bilingual(ism)

;

monolingual(ism)

Muslim/Islamic

family law

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

–

women

,

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

,

–

,

–

See also

accommodation of Muslim/Islamic family law

;

law(s), Muslim/Islamic

;

law(s), Sharia

;

spouse(s)

Muslim Marriages Bill (South Africa)

,

See also

Muslim/Islamic family law

;

marriage, Muslim/Islamic

;

spouse(s)

;

women, Muslim/Islamic

nation (state) building

,

,

,

,

,

,

National Education Law of 2011 (Romania)

See also

Romania

; Constitution of

Romania

; Constitutional Court of

Romania

nationalism

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

–

ethno- 200, 247

majority

,

nationalising

transborder

See also

ideology

Native Title Act 1993 (Australia)

–

,

,

,

See also

Aboriginal peoples

;

Mabo (no. 2) v Queensland

;

title, Aboriginal

;

title, native

;

Torres Strait Islander(s)

neutrality, myth of

,

New Zealand

,

–

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

See also

Court of Appeal of New Zealand

;

Foreshore and Seabed Act 2004 (New Zealand)

;

Māori

;

right(s), customary (property)

;

title, native

Nishga

–

,

See also

Canada

; Constitution Act of 1982 (

Canada

);

land rights

;

law(s), customary

; Supreme Court of

Canada

;

right(s), Aboriginal

;

right(s), treaty

;

title, Aboriginal

North Macedonia

,

–

,

See also

Constitution of North Macedonia

;

Constitutional Court of North Macedonia

obligation(s)

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

constitutional

,

,

,

,

legal

,

,

–

,

,

of the state(s)

,

–

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

–

positive

–

,

,

to support/maintain

,

,

,

See also

duty/duties, right(s)

occupation/occupancy, use and

,

–

,

–

,

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

–

See also

Aboriginal peoples

;

Indigenous peoples

;

land rights

;

possession/dispossession

;

title, native

opportunity/opportunities, equal

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

See also

equality

Orang Asli

See also

Constitution of Malaysia

;

Federal Court of Malaysia

;

Indigenous peoples

;

land rights

;

Malaysia

;

right(s), customary (property)

;

title, native

Organization of American States

–

See also

Inter-American System of Human Rights

othering

Pancasila

,

See also

ideology

;

Indonesia

participation

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

–

See also

consultation

;

electoral roll

;

Free, Prior and Informed Consent

;

reserved seats

;

right(s)

particularism/particularist

–

,

See also

universalism/universalist

party/parties

,

political

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

,

state

,

,

,

–

,

–

third

,

,

,

,

pastoral(ist)

–

,

,

,

,

See also

Australia

;

Aboriginal peoples

;

Mabo (no. 2) v Queensland

; Native Title Act 1993 (

Australia

);

South Africa

;

Kenya

;

title, native

personality, legal

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

See also

community/communities

;

Indigenous peoples

pluralism

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

constitutional

legal

See also

diversity

plurality

,

–

,

policy, public

–

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

,

polygyny

,

,

–

,

See also

marriage, customary

;

marriage, Muslim/Islamic

;

monogamy

;

Muslim/Islamic family law

Poma Poma v Peru

–

See also

United Nations Human Rights Committee

possession/dispossession

–

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

See also

Aboriginal peoples

;

Indigenous peoples

;

land rights

;

occupation/occupancy, use and

;

title, Aboriginal

;

title, native

positivism/positivistic, legal

,

–

,

,

,

proof

,

–

,

,

–

,

property

–

,

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

collective

–

,

,

,

communal

–

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

–

,

individual

–

,

,

private

,

,

,

,

See also

land rights

proportionality principle

–

,

,

,

quota(s), language use in the media

–

See also

linguistic/language rights in media, right to use a minority language

racism/racist

–

,

–

,

,

,

–

See also

ideology

recognition

–

,

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

constitutional

–

,

,

legal

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

,

non-

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

political

,

social

,

registration, voter

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

–

See also

electoral roll

;

reserved seats

;

participation

;

right to vote

relativism/relativist

,

,

religion(s)

Buddhism

,

,

Catholicism

,

,

Confucianism

,

,

Hinduism

,

,

Islam

,

,

,

Judaism

,

Protestantism

,

,

,

,

Sikhism

See also

belief(s)

;

faith

reserved seats

,

See also

electoral roll

;

participation

;

registration, voter

;

right to vote

restitution

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

See also

land rights

;

possession/dispossession

;

property

Restitution of Land Rights Act 22 of 1994 (South Africa)

–

See also

community/communities, Richtersveld

;

discrimination, racial

;

Indigenous peoples

;

Land Claims Court of South Africa

;

land rights

;

property

;

right(s) in land

right(s)

Aboriginal

,

–

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

and interest(s)

–

,

–

,

,

,

,

See also

interest(s)

collective

,

–

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

,

–

,

,

–

,

communal

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

,

customary (property)

,

,

See also

Court of Appeal of New Zealand

;

Federal Court of Malaysia

;

Indigenous peoples

;

Malaysia

;

Māori Land Court

;

New Zealand

;

Orang Asli

extinguished

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

fundamental

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

group

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

hereditary

–

See also

Constitution of Indonesia

;

group(s), ethnic

human

–

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

–

See also

American Convention on Human Rights

;

European Convention on Human Rights

;

United Nations Human Rights Committee

;

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

individual

,

,

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

in land

,

,

,

–

See also

land rights

natural

,

of Indigenous people

–

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

See also

consultation

;

equality

;

Free, Prior and Informed Consent (fpic)

;

identity

;

land rights

;

participation

;

rights(s) to (access to) natural resources

of minorities

–

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

See also

consultation

;

equality

;

identity

;

linguistic/language rights

;

participation

scope of

,

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

subjective

to (access to) natural resources

,

,

,

,

See also

Aboriginal peoples

;

Indigenous peoples

to consultation

,

,

–

,

,

–

See

consultation.

to judicial guarantees

–

,

,

See also

judicial protection

to life

–

,

,

to (effective) participation/participatory

,

–

,

,

See

participation.

to personal integrity

–

,

to personal liberty

,

to use a minority language

,

–

,

See also

linguistic/language rights

to vote

–

,

,

See also

electoral roll

;

participation

;

registration, voter

;

reserved seats

treaty

–

,

See also

Canada

See also

duty/duties

;

obligation(s)

Romania

–

,

–

,

–

,

,

See also

Constitution of Romania

;

Constitutional Court of Romania

;

High Court of Cassation and Justice of Romania

;

Local Public Administration Law of 2001 (Romania)

;

National Education Law of 2011 (Romania)

Russian Federation

–

,

See also

alphabet

;

Constitution of the Russian Federation

;

Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation

;

language law(s) at sub-state level

;

script

Sámi

–

,

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

–

language

–

,

membership of the

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

parliament

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

See also

Act on the Sámi Parliament of 1995 (Finland)

;

Finland

; Supreme Administrative Court of

Finland

Sanila-Aikio v Finland

–

,

See also

United Nations Human Rights Committee

science(s)

,

legal

,

script

,

,

Cyrillic

,

,

,

Latin

,

See also

alphabet

Secondary Education Law of 2020 (Ukraine)

See also

Constitution of Ukraine

;

Constitutional Court of Ukraine

;

Education Law of 2017 (Ukraine)

;

State Language Law of 2019 (Ukraine)

;

State Language Policy Law of 2012 (Ukraine)

Section 235 of the Constitution of South Africa

,

–

,

,

–

See also

Constitution of South Africa

;

community sharing a common cultural and language heritage

;

self-determination

self

declaration

determination

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

–

See also

Section 235 of the Constitution of South Africa

;

autonomy

government

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

–

See also

autonomy

identification

–

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

–

See also

identity

regulate

–

,

Slovakia

–

,

,

,

See also

Constitution of Slovakia

;

Constitutional Court of Slovakia

;

language law(s) at state level

;

State Language Law of 1995 / of 2009 (Slovakia)

South Africa

–

,

–

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

See also

Constitution of South Africa

;

Constitutional Court of South Africa

; Interim

Constitution of South Africa

; Section 235 of the

Constitution of South Africa

;

Supreme Court of Appeal of South Africa

South African Law Reform Commission

–

,

See also

South Africa

spouse(s)

–

,

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

–

See also

Muslim/Islamic family law

;

marriage, Muslim/Islamic

;

spouse(s)

;

women, Muslim/Islamic

standards

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

international

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

minimum

,

,

,

State Language Law of 1995 / of 2009 (Slovakia)

–

See also

Constitution of Slovakia

;

Constitutional Court of Slovakia

;

Slovakia

State Language Law of 2019 (Ukraine)

–

,

,

See also

Constitution of Ukraine

;

Constitutional Court of Ukraine

;

Education Law of 2017 (Ukraine)

;

Secondary Education Law of 2020 (Ukraine)

;

State Language Policy Law of 2012 (Ukraine)

;

Ukraine

State Language Policy Law of 2012 (Ukraine)

–

See also

Constitution of Ukraine

;

Constitutional Court of Ukraine

;

Education Law of 2017 (Ukraine)

;

Secondary Education Law of 2020 (Ukraine)

;

State Language Law of 2019 (Ukraine)

;

Ukraine

status, legal

,

,

,

,

,

,

Supreme Administrative Court of Lithuania

,

See also

Lithuania

;

linguistic/language rights

Supreme Administrative Court of Finland

,

,

–

,

,

–

,

–

,

See also

Finland

;

membership

;

Sámi

Supreme Court of Appeal of South Africa

–

,

,

–

,

–

See also

common law

;

community/communities, Richtersveld

;

Indigenous peoples

;

Land Claims Court of South Africa

;

land rights

;

law(s), Muslim/Islamic

;

marriage, customary

;

marriage, Muslim/Islamic

;

polygyny

;

South Africa

Supreme Court of Canada

–

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

See also

Canada

; common law, Constitution Act of 1982 (

Canada

);

doctrine of discovery

;

land rights

;

law(s), customary

;

Nishga

;

right(s), Aboriginal

;

right(s), treaty

;

terra nullius

;

title, Aboriginal

Suriname

,

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

,

–

,

–

See also

Kaliña and Lokono Peoples v. Suriname

terra nullius

–

,

–

,

,

,

,

See also

Australia

;

Canada

;

colonial(ism)

;

doctrine of discovery

; High Court of

Australia

;

Mabo (no. 2) v Queensland

title

,

,

,

–

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

Aboriginal

–

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

–

,

,

extinguished

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

native

–

,

,

–

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

See also

Aboriginal peoples

;

Australia

;

Basarwa

;

Belize

;

Botswana

;

Canada

;

Indigenous peoples

;

Kenya

;

Mabo (no. 2) v Queensland

;

Malaysia

;

Māori

;

Maya

;

Nishga

; Native Title Act 1993 (

Australia

);

New Zealand

;

Orang Asli

;

South Africa

;

Torres Strait Islander(s)

tolerance

,

,

,

,

,

See also

accommodation

Torres Strait Islander(s)

–

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

See also

Aboriginal peoples

;

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission

;

Australia

;

Mabo (no. 2) v Queensland

; Native Title Act 1993 (

Australia

);

title, native

transplant, legal

,

–

treatment

,

,

differential

,

–

,

,

–

discriminatory

,

,

,

,

,

(un)equal

,

,

unfair

See also

action, affirmative

;

action, discriminatory

;

discrimination

;

equality

;

measures, positive

tribal peoples

,

,

,

,

,

See also

community/communities, tribal

;

ilo Convention no. 169 on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples

;

Indigenous peoples

;

United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples

unconstitutional(ity)

,

–

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

conditional

See also

Civil Administration Law of 2006 (Indonesia)

;

Constitutional Court of Indonesia

See also

Constitution

;

Constitution

al Court;

constitutional(ity)

;

ground(s), unconstitutionality

Ukraine

–

,

,

,

,

–

See also

Constitution of Ukraine

;

Constitutional Court of Ukraine

;

Education Law of 2017 (Ukraine)

;

language law(s) at state level

;

Secondary Education Law of 2020 (Ukraine)

;

State Language Law of 2019 (Ukraine)

;

State Language Policy Law of 2012 (Ukraine)

United Nations

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

–

,

Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious, and Linguistic Minorities

–

,

,

General Assembly

–

,

,

,

,

,

Human Rights Committee

,

,

,

,

,

,

–

,

,

,

,

–

,

–

,

,

,

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

,

,

,

–

,

United States

–

,

,

universalism/universalist

–

,

–

See also

particularism/particularist

Venice Commission

,

,

,

–

See also

Council of Europe

Verkhovna Rada

–

,

See also

Education Law of 2017 (Ukraine)

;

linguistic/language rights

;

Secondary Education Law of 2020 (Ukraine)

;

State Language Law of 2019 (Ukraine)

;

State Language Policy Law of 2012 (Ukraine)

;

Ukraine

Waldman v Canada

–

See also

United Nations Human Rights Committee

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Litigating the Rights of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples in Domestic and International Courts

Series: Studies in Territorial and Cultural Diversity Governance, Volume: 14

Cover Litigating the Rights of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples in Domestic and International Courts

E-Book ISBN:: 9789004461666

Publisher:: Brill | Nijhoff

Print Publication Date:: 25 Aug 2021

Subjects
- Human Rights and Humanitarian Law
  - Human Rights
  - Minority & Group Rights
- International Law
  - Constitutional Law
  - Comparative Law

Front Matter

Back Matter

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