Index
Abāẓa, Nizār
155
ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd al-Qanawātī
166
ʿAbd Allāh, ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad
182
ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Khānī
166
ʿAbd al-Qādir Quwaydir
164
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān
158
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Mahdī
157
abortion (ijhāḍ)
354
Abū Bakr
158
Abū Dāwūd (al-Sijistānī)
145, 264, 356
Abū Ḥanīfa
261, 264
Abū l-Dardāʾ
158
Abū Thawr
264
Abū Yūsuf
221, 261
Abū ʿUtba al-Khawlānī
137
academic bioethics literature
52
accountability before God (ḥisāb)
19
acting (ʿamal)
128, 148
Adam, Prophet
55
Advance Care Planning (ACP)
343
al-Afghānī, ʿAbd al-Ḥakīm
164–165
after-death period in the grave (barzakh)
26
afterlife (ākhira)
19–20
agonies (sakarāt/ghamarāt)
19
Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal
22, 261
Aksoy, Şahin
61–63
Alizamani, Amir Abbas
5
allopathic healthcare
53
Alzheimer’s disease
330–331
ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ
258–259
ʿAmr b. Maymūn
158
ʿAmr b. ʿUthmān al-Makkī
160
analgesics
15, 189–193
Anam, Beate
9
al-Anṣārī, Muḥammad b. Zakariyyā
128
al-Anṣārī, Muḥyī l-Dīn Yaḥyā
128
al-Anṣārī, Zakariyyā b. Muḥammad
5, 127–149
antibiotics
293
Antichrist (dajjāl)
128, 148
anti-treatment position
31
appointed time of death (taʾjīl al-mawt)
19, 27, 252, 344
ʿAqīda (“Creed”)
148
al-ʿAqqād, Ṣāliḥ
165
Aquinas
306
Arezaei, Hamed
4
ars moriendi (the art of dying)
6, 153
artificial nutrition and hydration (ANH)
6–9, 15, 177, 180, 186–189, 197, 283–284, 298, 318, 330, 332
as medical treatment
340–341
at End-of-Life (EoL)
332–336
at late-stage dementia, Islamic perspective
336–344
views in Catholicism
341
views in Judaism
341
withholding of
293–295
Asad b. Mūsā
24
Asadi, Asma
4
asceticism (zuhd)
31
al-Ashqar, Muḥammad Sulaymān
71
assisted hand feeding
335–336, 342
assisted suicide
267
ʿAṭāʾ
261
Aṭāʾ al-Salīmī
159
al-ʿAṭṭār, Bakrī
165
Auerbach, Shlomo Zalman
341
autonomy
317
as defining characteristic of Western modernity
241–242
conceptions of
245
in context of passive euthanasia
269–270
Islamic conceptualisation of
246–247
position in in Islamic (bio)ethics
245–250, 274–275
position in secular bioethics
243–245
secular perspectives
241–243
awe (hayba)
160
al-Awzāʿī
221, 261
Badhl al-Māʿūn fī Faḍl al-Ṭāʿūn
129
bad news
193–197
Badr al-Dīn al-Ḥasanī
164, 166
al-Bārr, Muḥammad ʿAlī
179–180, 185–187, 333
Bauer, Thomas
167
al-Bayhaqī
24, 38
Bedir, Ahmet
61–63
beginning of human life
356
behaviours surrounding death
56–57
Beiträge zur Eschatologie des Islam
20
belief (īmān)
128, 148
belief in prophethood (nubuwwa)
27
belief in the hereafter (maʿād/ākhira/ qiyāma)
27
belief in the unity of God (tawḥīd)
27
benefit (nafʿ)
303
bereavement counselling
9
bereavement, Islamic perspectives
224–225
al-Bidlīsī, Idrīs
138
Bilāl b. Rabāḥ
161
bioethics, contemporary Islamic perspective
187
biographical dictionaries on Islamic scholars
155
biographical literature
156
Bishr al-Ḥāfī
160
Bishr b. al-Ḥārith
158
al-Bīṭār, ʿAbd al-Razzāq
155, 163
bloodletting (faṣd)
139, 141–142
blood money (diya)
188, 221, 266
bodily dignity
305–307, 309, 311
bodily integrity (ḥurma)
362
bodily sanctity
305–306
brain death
182–184, 255, 271–273
criteria for
58
Islamic bioethical literature on
52
Islamic scriptural evidence
64–66
brain function
55
Brockopp, Jonathan E.
354
al-Bukhārī
22–24, 36–40, 136
burial place for deceased premature children
357–359
al-Būʿazīzī, Muḥammad
227
Cairo
128
cardiopulmonary function
55
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
6–7, 15, 56, 68, 177, 180–186, 197, 283, 293, 312
catastrophe (muṣība)
34
cemeteries, Islamic
365
Chamsi-Pasha, Hassan (Shamsī Bāshā, Ḥassān)
187, 333, 344
child loss in early pregnancy
9
chin tuck position
336
cognitive capacity
313–314
collective religio-ethical reasoning (ijtihād jamāʿī)
178
communal burial
358–359
compassion
195, 226
competing harms (aḍrār)
305
compounding harm
303–311
confessing (qawl)
128, 148
consciousness
301
consent (riḍan)
142
consolation of people with calamities (tasliyat ahl al-maṣāʾib)
34
consumption of food and drink
290
contentment on the deathbed
166
contentment (riḍā)
30, 155, 160
conviction (yaqīn)
139
coping with the death of a child
359–361
Coppens, Pieter
6
Council of Senior Religious Scholars (Hayʾat Kibār al-ʿUlamāʾ)
179, 185–186
counselling approach to suicide by muftis and imams
215–216
cremation of deceased premature children
361–362
cupping (ḥijāma)
291
curative medical treatment
176
dafʿ al-halaka (warding off death)
182
Daiber, Hans
5
al-dār al-ākhira (abode of the hereafter)
20
Dār al-Iftāʾ
254–255
al-Dārānī, Abū Sulaymān
158
ḍarar (physical harm)
303–304
David, Prophet
130
Dāwūd al-Ṭāʾī
162
Day of Reckoning (yawm al-ḥisāb/yawm al-taghābun/yawm al-tanād
19–20
death
anxiety. see fear of death
as a “single irreversible event”
64
behaviours
4
criteria for
55–61
declaration
4
illness (maraḍ al-mawt)
71
imminent
302
legal (al-ḥayāt ghayr al-mustaqirra)
301–302
legal indicants
66
medicalisation of
6
m-w-t
19
nature and definition
54–58
neurological criteria for
59
penalty (qiṣāṣ)
188
physical signs
62
Prophet Muḥammad’s thoughts on
20
purposes of
57
Qurʾānic references to
20
decreased awareness
189
dehydration
333–334
deliverance-after-hardship (al-faraj baʿd al-shidda)
34
DeLongis, Anita
360
dementia
330, 332
demise, inevitable (al-ḥayāt al-mustaqirra)
302
deterioration in cognitive and memory functions
330
Dhāt al-Salāsil
258
Dibs wa-Zayt, ʿAbd al-Wahhāb
167
dignity bestowed on man
246–247
dignity (ikrām) of the dead
357, 359
dignity integrity
305–309
disability and bioethics
28
discretionary punishment (taʿzīr) regarding suicide victim
220
disobedience against God
147
distress (ḍarrāʾ)
131
divine decree (qaḍāʾ)
128, 142, 148
do not resuscitate (DNR)
186, 293, 300, 312
Doomsday (yawm al-qiyāma)
19, 21
double effect principle (DEP)
16, 192
Durkheim, Emil
210
duty to feed
9, 342–343, 345
duʿāʾ
127, 146
Dworkin, Gerald
242
dying process (iḥtiḍār)
19, 185
medicalisation of
16, 19, 23–26, 58
ecstasy (wajd) on the deathbed
161–162
education of Muslim counsellors
365
Eich, Thomas
354
Elzamzamy, Khalid
7
emotional ambiguity
160–162
emotional communities
154–155
emotions as constructs
154–155
Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān
21–22
ensoulment (nafkh al-rūḥ)
355–356
EoLC
in the Sunna
22–23
Islamic legal theory (uṣūl al-fiqh)
32–33
issues, fiqh
33
decisions, importance of religious beliefs
270–271, 275
epidemic (wabāʾ)
130
epistemology, Islamic legal
53, 61
eschatological manuals
23–26
eschatological perspectives in early Islamic history
28
eschatological terms, metaphorical use of
32
eschatology in Sufi literature
31–32
essential needs (ḍarūriyyāt)
339
Ess, Josef van
28
eternal life (khulūd)
344–345
etiquettes
of dealing with pre-death sickness
23
of dying
31
of the physician (adab al-ṭabīb)
195
European Council for Fatwā and Research (ECFR)
178, 184, 192
euthanasia (qatl al-raḥma)
6, 8, 192, 268
active
258–267
contemporary Muslim discussions on
253–257
Islamic normative tradition regarding
251–253
meaning of
250–251, 256
passive
268–273, 297
passive versus active
250–251
passive versus active (Islamic perspective)
253–256
executive capacity (ahliyyat adāʾ)
248–249
expiation (kaffāra)
221
external (ẓāhir)
30
“extreme Sufis” (ghulāt al-ṣūfiyya)
31
Fakhr al-Dīn Ibn ʿAsākir
227
Fatwā Department (Idārat al-Iftāʾ)
179
fatwās
medical (fatāwā ṭibbiyya)
13
on bioethical issues at end-of-life care
282–283
on the topic of suicide
216
favour (niʿma)
128, 147
fear of death
4, 14–15, 24, 31, 127, 147, 336
fear for punishment
159
Feinstein, Moshe
341
fettering (taṣfīd)
130
forgiveness (maghfira)
130, 160, 210
by murder victim
264–267
of God
29
forgoing treatment (tark al-tadāwī)
184
for the cause of God (fī sabīl Allāh)
127, 130, 133
Frankfurt, Harry
242
freedom of choice
242
Freud, Sigmund
14
funeral
of deceased premature children
355–359
prayer for suicide victim
261
prayer (ṣalāt al-janāza)
221
rites of suicide victims
221–222
farḍ kifāya
227–228
Funk, Miriam
353
futile treatment
8, 180, 184, 256, 338–340, 344
description of
285–286
of LST therapy
283–287
withholding of
268–271
al-Futūḥāt al-Ilāhiyya
148
general anaesthesia
191
Ghabjūqa, Aḥmad Ṣafar
361
Ghaly, Mohammed
3, 7, 249
al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid
25, 27–31, 40, 129, 198, 339
gift of life
210
God’s acceptance (marḍāt)
127, 131–132, 146–147
God’s benevolence
20
God’s decree (tawakkul)
289
God’s reward (thawāb)
136
good manner (adab) regarding afflicted by plague
142–143
grace (luṭf)
161
gratitude (shukr)
30
grief of fathers
364
grief therapy
223
Günther, Sebastian
21
ḥadd punishment
253, 263, 266–267
al-Ḥāfiẓ, Muḥammad Muṭīʿ
155
hagiographical literature
155–156, 158
Hague, Ros
244
al-Ḥajjāj b. Yūsuf
158
al-Ḥalabī, Ibrāhīm
338
Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC)
186
Hamdy, Sherine
64
Ḥanbalī-Sufi school
128, 148
happiness (sarrāʾ)
131
Haque, Omar Sultan
62
al-Ḥārith al-Muḥāsibī
24
harm and burden to society
316–318
harmfulness (baʾs)
130
Harm versus burden of treatment
311–315
al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī
161
Hastings Center
66
Ḥatḥūt, Ḥassān
356
al-ḥayāt ghayr al-mustaqirra (legal death)
301
Ḥayy Ibn Yaqẓān
29
heaven (janna)
19–20
hellfire (nār/jahannam/jaḥīm)
19–21
hierarchy of personal motivations
242
Higher Objectives of Sharīʿa (maqāṣid al-Sharīʿa)
182, 193, 247
al-Ḥijjāwī
226
ḥikma
127
Ḥilyat al-Awliyāʾ
6, 155, 157
Ḥilyat al-Bashar fī Tārīkh al-Qarn al-Thālith ʿAshar
6, 155
History of Emotions
154
Holtzman, Susan
360
holy war (jihād)
128, 148
hope (rajaʾ)
160
Horowitz (Rabbi)
341
Ḥudhayfa
160
human intellect (ʿaql)
31
humor on the deathbed
161
al-Ḥumṣī, Ṣāliḥ
164
ḥurma (violation/inviolability)
306–311
Ḥusām al-Dīn, Muḥammad Badr al-Dīn
257
Husayn, Muḥammad Aḥmad
339
Ḥusn al-Ẓann bi-Llāh (“Thinking Good of God”)
24
hypocrite (munāfiq)
133, 136
Ibn Abī l-Dunyā
24–25, 30, 34, 41–42
Ibn Abī Dāwūd
24
Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī
129–130, 132, 138
Ibn Ḥanbal
264
Ibn Ḥazm
29, 228, 336
Ibn Ḥibbān
136, 144–145
Ibn Kathīr
304
Ibn al-Mubārak
31
Ibn al-Nafīs
127, 130, 146
Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya
132, 147, 342
Ibn Qudāma al-Maqdisī
148
Ibn Rajab al-Ḥanbalī
25
Ibn Rushd
27, 42, 261
Ibn Sīnā
29, 62, 127, 130, 139, 141, 146
Ibn Taymiyya
226
Ibn Ṭufayl
29
Ibn ʿAbbās
342
Ibn ʿAjība
163
identity in light of personal autonomy
244
idiot (aḥmaq)
31
Iḥkām al-Dalāla ʿalā Taḥrīr al-Risāla
129
Imam Aḥmad
136
incision (sharṭ)
139, 141–142
incontinence
332
incurable disease (la yurjā barʾuh)
182–186
independence (ghaniya)
128
indignation (sukhṭ)
130
inner (bāṭin)
30
inner space
168
inqādh (saving)
182
Institute for Development, Research, Advocacy and Applied Care (IDRAAC)
343
Institution for issuing fatwās (Dār al-Iftāʾ) (Jordan)
181
integrity dignity (ḥurma)
305
integrity of the human body
247
intentional homicide (al-qatl al-ʿamd)
181
intention (niyya)
128, 133, 146, 148
intercultural sensitivity
152–153
International Islamic Code for Medical and Health Ethics (al-Mīthāq al-Islāmī al-ʿĀlamī lil-Akhlāqiyyāt al-Ṭibbiya wa-l-Ṣiḥḥiyya)
178, 184
International Islamic Fiqh Academy (IIFA)
178, 180, 183, 185, 187, 269, 272
interreligious sensitivity
152–153
intrinsic human value
242
invisible world (ghayb)
31
al-Iṣfahānī, Abū Nuʿaym
155, 157
Islamic Code of Medical Ethics (al-Dustūr al-Islāmī lil-Mihna al-Ṭibbiya)
178, 182, 195
Islamic Fiqh Academy (IFA)
178–179, 183, 337, 340
Islamic Fiqh Council (India)
256
Islamic modernity
155
Islamic moral view on suicide
205–206
Islamic Organization for Medical Sciences (IOMS)
178, 180, 183, 185, 192, 257, 272
Islamic Psychology
205
Islamic suicide discourse
215
al-Jabūrī, ʿAbd Allāh
181–182
Jalāl al-Dīn al-Rūmī
5
al-Janāʾiz (lit. “Funerals” or “Funerary Practices”)
33
al-Jazāʾirī, Ṭāhir
165
jinn
132–133
John Paul II, Pope
341
journey (sayr)
30
Jumʿa, ʿAlī
59, 254–255
al-Jurayrī, Abū Muḥammad
160
juristic ethics
178
Kant
306
Kantian version of autonomy
242
al-Karam
204–205
karāma (dignity)
306
Khālid, Ḥasan
357
Khālid b. al-Walīd
337
al-Kharrāz, Abū Saʿīd
161
Kholwadia, M. Amin
59
killing detainees (qatl al-ṣabr)
188–189, 337–339, 345
al-Kindī
29, 38–39, 43
King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center
186
Kuftārū, Muḥammad Amīn
164
Kuftārū, Ṣāliḥ
164
kutub al-zuhd (books on renunciation)
153
Lababidi, Hadil
9
Lange, Christian
21
late-stage dementia
9, 332, 334
legal capacity (ahliyya)
33, 248
and personhood
249
legal responsibility (taklīf)
248
legal thresholds for human death
55
Leget, Carlo
168
Life-Sustaining Treatments (LSTs)
6–8, 15, 177, 179–189
advanced technologies
298–299
distinction between withholding and withdrawing
288–289
effectiveness of
296–299
judging effectiveness of
286–287
obligations related to withdrawing
295–299
obligations related to withholding
289–295
obligatory (wājib)
287
permissible (mubāḥ)
287
longing to meet God
158
loss of cognitive skills
335
loss of consciousness
189–191, 197
love of God
161
Luṭfī, Ṣafwat
64
al-Maʿarrī, Abū al-ʿAlāʾ
29
Mahdavi, Shahaboddin
5
Maḥmūd Ḥamza
166
make a good end (ḥusn al-khātima)
26
Makḥūl al-Shāmī
158
Mālik
261, 264
Mālik b. Dīnār
160, 162
malnutrition
332
Maʾmūn, Ḥasan
361
martyrdom (shahāda)
130, 133, 146
degrees of
133–137
martyr (shahīd)
27
Maududi, Abul Aʿla
55
al-Mawṣilī
338
al-Mawsūʿa al-Fiqhiyya
218
meaningful life
303, 313, 315, 319
mechanical ventilation
177, 180–186, 283, 293, 311
mediation (shafāʿa)
128, 130, 148
medical treatment (ʿilāj)
141
Mehrdeutigkeit (ambiguity)
167
mental capacity (istiṭāʿa ʿaqliyya)
32
Mental Health Action Plan
207
mental illness
226
mercy killing. see euthanasia, meaning of
mercy (raḥma)
128, 130, 147
methodology in EoL care studies
3–4
miscarriage (isqāṭ)
9, 353–354
miserable (ḥaqīr)
128
Miskawayh
4, 29
moral agency of patients
16
moral relativism
53
al-Muḥallā
228
Muḥammad, Prophet
149, 221–222, 224, 226, 307, 337, 342
al-Muhayzaʿ
226
Mullā Ṣadrā
29
Multilevel Interdisciplinary Paradigm (MIP)
205
murder (qatl)
27, 187, 197, 205–206, 258
coersion to
264
intentional
263
Islamic condemnation of
263–267
Muslim b. al-Ḥajjāj al-Naysābūrī
22, 356
Muslim counselling (Seelsorge)
362–363
mutilation (muthla)
307
Muʿādh b. Jabal
158
al-Nakhaʿī
261
names and attributes of God
28
natural forces (dahr)
19
necessary needs (ḥājiyyāt)
339
niyya
127–128
non-physical aspects of EoLC
16
North West Armed Forces Hospital (NWAFH)
186
al-Nūrī, Abū l-Ḥusayn
161
nutrition and hydration (withholding of)
293–295
ontology
53
opioid drugs
189, 191, 193, 334
organ donation
64
Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
178
organ transplantation
59–60
original capacity (ahliyyat wujūb)
248–249
O’Shaughnessy
21
Padela, Aasim
3, 338
pain (wajaʿ)
4, 13, 130, 304–305, 335
control
293
ladder
190
vs. pleasure
28
palliative care (PC)
7, 176, 186
palliative sedation
15, 190
panic (jazaʿ)
31
paradise and hell in Islamic traditions
21
paradise and hell, Sufi perception of
32
paradise, Qurʾānic portrayal
21
patience (ṣabr)
30, 127, 132, 138, 142, 146, 148
patient’s awareness/consciousness
15
peace of the dead
358
percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
333
Permanent Committee for Scholarly Research and Issuing Fatwās (al-Lajna al-Dāʾima lil-Buḥūth al-ʿIlmiyya wa-l-Iftāʾ)
179, 185–186
personal autonomy and religion
244
personhood
63, 305
physical capacity (qudra badaniyya)
32
physical part (jasad)
30
piercing (ṭaʿn)
130
plague (ṭāʿūn)
4–5, 128, 130, 133
in Mecca and Medina
137
pneumonia
333, 335
post-death time in the grave (barzakh)
19
power (qahr)
161
predestination (qadar)
138, 142, 212
predictive medical treatment
175
Presidential Commission on Bioethics
66
preventive medical treatment
175–176
pricking (wakhz)
130
principalism
243
principalist approach to autonomy
249–250
principle of veracity
194
private burial ground
358
process of resurrection (baʿth)
27
prohibition of harmful lifestyles
210
prohibition of suicide
212
in Islam
215
prohibition of the burning of corpses
362
prolonging of death
343–346
prophetic medicine
146
prudent (ʿāqil)
31
psyche
204
psychological distress
226
psychological “therapeutics”
29
punishment (ʿadhāb, rujz, rijz)
130
for murder
267
for suicide
262
purification of the soul
132
qaḍāʾ
128
al-Qaraḍāwī, Yūsuf
227, 253, 257, 268–269, 272, 340
Qarmaṭiyya sect attack on Mecca
160
Qāsim, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Muḥammad b.
226–227
qawl
128
Qazi, Faisal
64
quality of life
13, 303–311, 318
quantity of life
301–302, 318
Qureshi
338
al-Qurṭubī
25, 46–47, 304
al-Qushayrī, Abū l-Qāsim
129, 155, 157, 160
Quṭb, Sayyid
21
al-Rabīʿ b. al-Khaytham
159
Rady, Mohammed
64
rāḥa (rest)
149
Ramaḍān
130
al-Ramlī
221
Rashid, Rafaqat
8
al-Rāzī, Abū Bakr
4, 29
Raz, Joseph
242
reason (ḥikma)
131
reckoning (ḥisāb)
20
refusal of medical treatment, permissibility
290–291
refusal of medication and nutrition
159–160, 166, 337–339
regret
132
rehabilitative medical treatment
176
relations with family and friends on the deathbed
165
religion and suicide
210
religious exhortation (mawʿiẓa)
130
religious expiation (kaffara)
267
religious leaders working in a healthcare-related capacity
71
religious liberties
64
religiously commendable practices (ʿibādāt)
31
religious obligation (taklīf)
33
religious professionals serving the patient
69
remembrance (dhikr)
158
remembrance of death
31
renunciant (zāhid)
158
renunciation of this worldly life
29–30
repentance (tawba)
30, 127, 146, 155
research
343
restlessness in this-worldly life
159
resurrection
19, 158
retribution
265–266
rights of God
246–247
rights of man
246–247
right to self-determination
243
Risāla fī l-Taṣawwuf
6, 155
Risālat al-Ghufrān
29
Risālat al-Ibāʾ ʿan Mawāqiʿ al-Wabāʾ
138
Rosenwein, Barbara
154–155
Routledge Handbook on Sufism
32
Rüling
20
Sachedina
337, 339–340
Salama al-Ghuwayṭī
158
al-Sallāmī, Muḥammad al-Mukhtār
257
sanctity of human life
182, 212, 247
Scale (mīzān)
20
scarcity of LSTs resources
185
Schachter, Hershel
341
scope of religious sciences (al-ʿulūm al-sharʿiyya)
178
secondary needs (taḥsīniyyāt)
339
self-creation, concept regarding autonomy
242
self-immolation
210
sense of meaning
210
sentience (idrāk)
301, 313, 315
serenity (sukūn)
160
Shabana, Ayman
8
Shaddād Ibn Aws
143
shafāʿa
128
al-Shāfiʿī
261, 264
shahāda (testimony of faith)
26, 191
Shamsī Bāshā, Ḥassān (Chamsi-Pasha, Hassan)
187, 333, 344
al-Shāṭibī, Abū Isḥāq
247
al-Shāṭirī, Muḥammad Aḥmad
340
al-Shawkānī
307
al-Shaybānī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan
264
al-Shiblī
161
al-Shirāzī, Ṣadr al-Dīn
4
al-Shirbīnī, ʿIṣām
257
al-Sibāʿī, Muṣṭafā
166
sincerity (ṣidq)
133
Islamic Fiqh Academy of the Organization of Islamic Conference (now Cooperation) (OIC-IFA)
71
smart person (kayyis)
31
sobriety in deathbed emotions
163
social constructionism
53
social realism
53
societal responsibility regarding suicide
213
sorrows and anxieties (aḥzān/humūm)
28
soul
62, 204–205, 249
departure of
56, 62, 65
spiritual development
212–213
spiritual discourse on suicide
216
states (aḥwāl)
30
stations (maqāmāt)
30
steadfastness in acts of obedience and teaching
155, 163–164
stigma related to suicide
210
stillbirth (wilāda mayyita)
354
subjective reality of death
53
submission (taslīm)
128, 148
Sufi hagiographical literature, 20th century
162–166
Sufi hagiographical literature, formative period
156–161
Sufism, role in spiritual care for muslim terminal patients
5
Sufyān al-Thawrī
157, 160, 163
Suhrawardī
29
suicidal thoughts
203–204
suicide (intiḥār)
7–8, 29, 258
aftermath of
217–229
Islamic condemnation of
258–262
loss survivors
222–224
postvention
202
prevention
202, 207–217
protective role of religion
214
punishment against the corpse
218
punishment against the properties
218
statisics
202, 206–207
victims, theological and moral status of
218–220
Sunnī legal views on tawakkul and medical treatment
338
support within the religious community
210
al-Suyūṭī
25, 47–48
swallowing difficulties
332–333, 335
al-Ṭabarī
304
Ṭanṭāwī, Muḥammad Sayyid
58
al-Taskhīrī, Muḥammad ʿAlī
257
Tawheedic Paradigm
205
al-Ṭayyib, Aḥmad
254
Taʾrīkh ʿUlamāʾ Dimashq
6, 155
teaching on the deathbed
164–165
temptations (fitan)
127, 146
terminal illness
255
terminal sedation
190–191
testament creation on the deathbed
165
Thābit b. Aslam al-Bunānī
159
thanatophobia see fear of death
al-Thawrī
264
The Death of Ivan Iljitsch
152
theodicy
28
theological prohibition of suicide
210
this-worldly life (dunyā)
20, 159
al-Tirmidhī, Abū ʿĪsā
133, 144–145
Tolstoy, Lev
152
translation of Arabic texts on bereavement counselling
364
transnational Islamic institutions
178
treatment outcomes, certainty of
291–292
trial (balāʾ)
130
tribulation (fitna)
156–158, 212, 224
true Healer (God, al-Shāfī)
182
trust (in God) (tawakkul)
30, 138, 148, 155, 177
truthfulness (ṣidq)
194
tube-feeding
9, 335, 338, 342
al-Ṭufayl al-Dawsī
219, 226
Tuḥfat al-Rāghibīn fī Bayān Amr al-Ṭawāʿīn
5, 128–129
ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb
158, 163, 194–195
ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-Aʿzīz (or ʿUmar II)
161, 221, 261
universality of moral principles
242
unsuitable state (foregoing LST)
285–286
ʿUrwa b. al-Zubayr
190
al-Usṭuwānī, Muḥammad
165
ʿUthmān Ibn Abī l-ʿĀṣ
142
Vereindeutigung (disambiguation)
167
viceregency (khilāfa)
245
Vielfalt (pluriformity)
167
visiting a patient (ʿiyāda)
147
vivisection
60
volition
301, 313, 315
vulnerability to suicide
209
waiving of retribution (musqiṭāt al-qiṣāṣ)
264–265
wariness (taḥarruz)
141
Wāṣil, Naṣr Farīd
262
wayfarers (sāʾirūn)
30
al-Wāʿī, Tawfīq
182
weakness to perform pious acts
158–159
weight limit for legal beginning of life
357
welfare (nafʿ)
132
WHO
213–215
“whole person”
13, 16, 35
will of the person with dementia
343
wishing for death
156–160, 163
woman in childbed (nafsāʾ)
137
works on eschatology
24
World Health Organization (WHO)
7, 190, 202, 207
worthlessness of worldly life
32
Yaʿqūb, Prophet
224
Yāsīn, Muḥammad Naʿīm
59
Yāzīd b. Abī Muslim
158
Yusuf, Hamza
355–356
al-Zarkashī
141
al-Zarw al-Tamīmī
226
Zufar b. al-Hudhayl
264
al-Zuḥaylī, Wahba
357