Transliteration, Translation, and Dates
For the transliteration of Arabic terms I use a modified version of Alan Jones’s (2005) scheme. All Arabic terms are transliterated and italicized except in cases where they have come into general use and are found in the Merriam-Webster English dictionary (e.g., Allah, Quran, sharia, hadith, instead of Allāh, Qurʾān, sharīʿa, ḥadīth). The titles of Arabic publications are always transliterated. When quoting interlocutors, I relate the terms used by the individual, sometimes inconsistently (e.g., Allah and then God, Qadar en then destiny, predestination, or fate); when quoting other works, I follow the style adopted by the author. When transliterating Arabic names, I use the spelling commonly used in English publications (e.g., al-Ghazali instead of al-Ghazālī). Since Danish is not my first language, most of the interviews were conducted in English, a handful in mixed Danish and English, and a few in Arabic, with the assistance of an interpreter. During the fieldwork period, I learned Danish and studied enough Arabic to be able to decipher the relevant Quranic verses, catch key terms in conversations and sermons, and monitor translations by third parties. All translations from Danish are mine. When it comes to the Turkish Muslim community, I relied on their output in Danish or English (e.g., websites or social media). I did not have sermons in Turkish transcribed and translated into English. When translated, the original quotes have been omitted due to space restrictions, but are available for consultation on demand. Please contact the author also when it comes to sources (sermons, pamphlets, news articles, etc.), lists of which are available for research purposes. Quotes from the Quran are taken from a variety of translations, including Yusuf Ali (YA), Sahih International (SI), Muhammad Sarwar (MS), Mohsin Khan (MK). All dates are given according to the Gregorian calendar. All interlocutors’ names are anonymized pseudonyms, except in the case of publicly accessible statements, such as those on (public) social media or newspapers.