Articles and Books
Aberbach, J.,R. Putnam andB. Rockman. Bureaucrats and Politicians in Western Democracies. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1981.
Allan, T.R.S. Constitutional Justice: A Liberal Theory of the Rule of Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.
Alonso Garcia, R. “The General Provisions of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union.” European Law Journal 8.4 (2002): pp. 492–514.
Alter, Karen J. andSophie Meunier-Aitsahalia. “Judicial Politics in the European Community: European Integration and the Pathbreaking Cassis de Dijon Decision.” Comparative Political Studies 26.4 (1994): pp. 535–561.
Amato, Giuliano. Antitrust and the Bounds of Power: The Dilemma of Liberal Democracy in the History of the Market. Oxford: Hart Publishing, 1997.
Amato, Giuliano, andC. Ehlermann, eds. ecCompetition Law: A Critical Assessment. Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2007.
Andriantsimbazovina, Joël. “ Savoir c’est rien, imaginer est tout: Libre conversation autour de l’arrêt Kress de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme.” Recueil Dalloz, Chronique (2001): pp. 2611.
Appelbaum, Binyamin. The Economists’ Hour: False Prophets, Free Markets, and the Fracture of Society. New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2019.
Arbault, François andFrancisco Peiro. “The Commission’s New Notice on Immunity and Reduction of Fines in Cartel Cases: Building on Success.” Competition Policy Newsletter 2 (June 2002): pp. 15–22.
Arnull, Anthony. “The Americanization of EU Law Scholarship.” Continuity and Change in EU Law: Essays in Honour of Sir Francis Jacobs. Eds. Anthony Arnull,Piet Eeckhout andTakis Tridimas. Oxford Scholarship Online: 2009, pp. 415–431.
Arold Lorenz, Nina-Louisa,Xavier Groussot andGunnar Thor Petursson. The European Human Rights Culture – A Paradox of Human Rights Protection in Europe? Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2013.
Ashworth, Andrew. “Eroding the Structure of the European Convention.” Current Problems in the Protection of Human Rights: Perspectives from Germany and the UK. Eds. K.S. Ziegler andP. M. Huber. Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2013.
Bailey, David. “Scope of Judicial Review under Article 81 ec.” Common Market Law Review 41 (2004): pp. 1327–1360.
Bailey, David. “Standard of Judicial Review under Articles 101 and 102 tfeu.” The Role of the Court of Justice of the European Union in Competition Law Cases. Eds. Massimo Merola andJacques Derennes. Bruxelles: Bruylant, 2012, pp. 103–128.
Barbier de la Serre, Eric. “Competition Law Cases before the EU Courts: Is the Well Running Dry.” The Role of the Court of Justice of the European Union in Competition Law Cases. Eds. Massimo Merola andJacques Derennes. Bruxelles: Bruylant, 2012, pp. 87–100.
Bates, Ed. The Evolution of the European Convention on Human Rights. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.
Bauer, Michael. “The Politics of Reforming the European Commission.” Management Reforms in International Organizations . Eds. Michael Bauer andChristoph Knill. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2007.
Baumann-Pauly, Dorothée andJustine Nolan, eds. Business and Human Rights: From Principles to Practice. New York: Routledge, 2016.
Beck, James M. Our Wonderland of Bureaucracy. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1932.
Beignier, Bernard and Corinne Bléry. “L’impartialité du juge, entre apparence et réalité.” Recueil Dalloz, Chronique (2001): pp. 2427–2433.
Bell, John,Sophie Boyron andSimon Whittaker. Principles of French Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.
Bellamy, C., andG. Child. Common Market Law of Competition. London: Sweet and Maxwell, 1987.
Bentham, Jeremy. The Principles of Morals and Legislation. New York: Methuen, 1982.
Bergman, Mats. “Quis Custodiet Ipsos Custodes? Or Measuring and Evaluating the Effectiveness of Competition Enforcement.” De Economist 156.4 (2008): pp. 387–409.
Berry, Wendell. Standing by Words. San Francisco: North Point Press, 1983.
Bird, Robert C.,Daniel R. Cahoy,Jamie Darin Prenkert, eds. Law, Business and Human Rights: Bridging the Gap .Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2014.
Bishop, Simon. “Expert Economic Evidence in European Competition Law Cases: Some Personal Views.” The Role of the Court of Justice of the European Union in Competition Law Cases. Eds. Massimo Merola andJacques Derennes. Bruxelles: Bruylant, 2012, pp. 294–304.
Blanco, Luis Ortiz, andAlfonso Lamadrid de Pablo. “Expert Economic Evidence and Effects-Based Assessments in Competition Law Cases.” The Role of the Court of Justice of the European Union in Competition Law Cases. Eds. Massimo Merola andJacques Derennes. Bruxelles: Bruylant, 2012, pp. 305–312.
Boorstin, Daniel J. The Americans: The democratic experience. New York: Random House, 1973.
Bork, Robert H. The Antitrust Paradox: A Policy at War with Itself. New York: The Free Press, 1993.
Boy, Laurence. “L’ordre concurrentiel: Essai de définition d’un concept.” L’ordre concurrentiel: Mélanges en l’honneur d’Antoine Pirovano. Paris: Editions Frison-Roche, 2003.
Braun, Alexandra. “Professors and Judges in Italy: It Takes Two to Tango.” Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 26.4 (2006): pp. 665–681.
Bronckers, Marco and Anne Vallery. “EU Competition Law After The Menarini Case.” MLex Magazine 3.1 (2012): pp. 44–47.
Brunessen, Bertrand. Le juge de l’Union européenne, juge administratif. Bruxelles: Bruyant, 2015.
Brysk, A., andA. Jimenez-Bacardi. “The Politics of the Globalization of Law.” The Politics of the Globalization of Law: Getting from Rights to Justice. Ed. Alison Brysk. New York: Routledge, 2013.
Buchanan, James. “An Economist’s Approach to Scientific Politics.” The Collected Works of James M. Buchanan: Volume 13: Politics as Public Choice. Carmel: Liberty Fund, 2000.
Cadiet, Loic. “Efficience versus Equité?” Mélanges Jacques Van Compernolle. Bruxelles: Bruylant, 2004.
Caiden, Gerald E. “Administrative Reform – American Style.” Public Administration Review 54.2 (1994).
Carpenter, D. The Forging of Bureaucratic Autonomy: Reputations, Networks, and Policy Innovations in Executive Agencies, 1862–1928. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001.
Cavicchi, Piero. “The European Commission’s Discretion as to the Adoption of Article 9 Commitment Decisions: Lessons from Alrosa.” Discussion paper// Europa-Kolleg Hamburg, Institute for European Integration 3 (2011).
Chace, Calum. Surviving AI: The promise and peril of artificial intelligence. London: Three Cs, 2015.
Chalmers, Damien andSarah Trotter. “Fundamental Rights and Legal Wrongs: The Two Sides of the Same EU Coin.” European Law Journal 22.1 (2016): pp. 9–39.
Chapman, Nathan S., andMichael W. McConnell. “Due Process as Separation of Powers.” Yale Law Journal 121.7 (2012): pp. 1672–1807.
Chiti, Edoardo. “Is EU Administrative Law Failing in Some of Its Crucial Tasks?” European Law Journal 22.5 (2016): pp. 576–596.
Cichowski, Rachel. “Courts, Advocacy Groups, and Human Rights in Europe.” The Politics of the Globalization of Law: Getting from Rights to Justice. Ed. Alison Brysk. New York: Routledge, 2013.
Clacke, Robert. The ‘Conscience of Europe’? Navigating Shifting Tides at the European Court of Human Rights. Vienna: Kairos Publications, 2017.
Clarck, J.R. andLee R. Dwight. “The Impact of the Calculus of Consent.” Public Choice, Past and Present: The Legacy of James M. Buchanan and Gordon Tullock. Ed. Lee R. Dwight. New York: Spinger, 2013.
Conway, Gerard. The Limits of Legal Reasoning and the European Court of Justice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
Cottier, Thomas. “Trade and Human Rights: A Relationship to Discover.” Journal of International Economic Law 5.1 (2002): pp. 111–132.
Cottier, Thomas,Joost Pauwelyn andElisabeth Bürgi, eds. Human Rights and International Trade. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.
Craig, Paul Philip. “Institutions, Power and Institutional Balance.” The Evolution of EU Law. Eds. Paul Craig andGráinne de Búrca. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011, pp. 41–84.
Crane, Daniel A. “Rules Versus Standards in Antitrust Adjudication.” Washington and Lee Law Review 64.1 (2007): pp. 49–110.
Cseres, Katalin J.,Maarten Pieter Schinkel andFloris O.W. Vogelaar, eds. Criminalization of Competition Law Enforcement: Economic and Legal Implications for the EU Member States. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2006.
Curtin, Deirdre. The Executive Power of the European Union: Law, Practices and the Living Constitution. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.
Damaska, Mirian R. The Faces of Justice and State Authority: A Comparative Approach to the Legal Process. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986.
Davis, G.R.C. Magna Carta. London: British Museum, 1963, pp. 23–33.
Dawson, Mark. “How Does the European Court of Justice Reason? A Review Essay on the Legal Reasoning of the European Court of Justice.” European Law Journal 20.3 (2014): pp. 423–435.
De Búrca, Gráinne. “The Evolution of EU Human Rights Law.” The Evolution of EU Law. Eds. Paul Craig andGráinne de Búrca. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.
De Witte, Bruno. “The pillar structure and the nature of the European Union: Greek temple or French gothic cathedral?” The European Union after Amsterdam: A Legal Analysis . Eds. T. Heukels,N. Blokker andM. Brus. The Hague: Kluver Law International, 1998, pp. 51–68.
Demmke, Christoph,Mark Bovens,Thomas Henökl andTimo Moilanen. Regulating Conflicts of Interest for Holders of Public Office in the European Union. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2008.
Derenne, Jacques. “The Scope of Judicial Review in EU Economic Cases.” The Role of the Court of Justice of the European Union in Competition Law Cases. Eds. Massimo Merola andJacques Derennes. Bruxelles: Bruylant, 2012.
Douglas-Scott, Sionaidh. “The European Union and Human Rights after the Treaty of Lisbon.” Human Rights Law Review 11.4 (2011), pp. 645–682.
Duxbury, Neil. “A Century of Legal Studies.” The Oxford Handbook of Legal Studies. Eds. Cane, Peter, Tushnet and Mark. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003, pp. 950–974.
Dworkin, R. Taking Rights Seriously. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1977.
Dzehtsiarou, Kanstantsin andPavel Repyeuski. “European Consensus and the EU Accession to theechr.” The EU Accession to theechr. Eds. Vicky Kosta,Nikos Skoutaris andVassilis Tzevelekos. Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2014, pp. 309–324.
Eckes, Christina. “EU Accession to the echr: Between Autonomy and Adaptation.” The Modern Law Review 76.2 (2013): pp. 254–285.
Egeberg, M. “The European Commission.” European Union Politics. Ed. M. Cini. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003, pp. 131–147.
Ellinas, Antonis A., andEzra Suleiman. The European Commission and Bureaucratic Autonomy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
Ely, John Hart. Democracy and Distrust: A Theory of Judicial Review. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1980.
Etoa, Samuel. “L’évolution du contrôle du juge administratif sur la gravité des sanctions administratives.” L’Actualité juridique. Droit administratif 7 (2012), Dalloz: p.358.
Everson, Michelle. “Agencies: the “Dark Hour” of the Executive?” Legal Challenges in EU Administrative Law: Towards an Integrated Administration. Eds. Herwig C.H. Hofmann andAlexander H. Türk. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2009, pp. 116–135.
Ezrachi, A. Article 82: Reflections on its Recent Evolution. Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2009.
Feld, Lars, andStefan Voigt. “Economic Growth and Judicial Independence.” European Journal of Political Economy 19.3 (2003): pp. 497–527.
Ferejohn, J. “Judicializing Politics, Politicizing Law.” Law and Contemporary Problems 65.3 (2002): pp. 41–68.
Fiorina, M. P. “Legislative Choice of Regulatory Forms: Legal Process or Administrative Process?” Public Choice 39.1 (1982): pp. 33–66.
Flauss, J.-F. “Les nouvelles frontières du procès équitable.” Les nouveaux développments du procès équitable au sens de la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme. Bruxelles: Bruylant, 1996.
Forrester, Ian S. “A Bush in Need of Pruning: The Luxuriant Growth of Light Judicial Review.” European Competition Law Annual 2009: Evaluation of Evidence and its Judicial Review in Competition Cases. Eds. Claus-Dieter Ehlermann andMel Marquis. Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2010, pp. 319–406.
Forrester, Ian S. “A Challenge for Europe’s Judges: The Review of Fines in Competition Cases.” The Role of the Court of Justice of the European Union in Competition Law Cases. Eds. Massimo Merola andJacques Derennes. Bruxelles: Bruylant, 2012, pp. 147–192.
Forrester, Ian S. “Due Process in ec Competition Cases: A Distinguished Institution with Flawed Procedures.” European Law Review 34.6 (2009): pp. 817–843.
Franchino, Fabio. “Efficiency or credibility? Testing the Two Logics of Delegation to the European Commission.” Journal of European Public Policy 9.5 (2002): pp. 677–694.
Freedman, James. Crisis and Legitimacy: The Administrative Process and American Government .Cambridge: Cambridge University Press ,1978.
Freeman, Michael. Human Rights: An Interdisciplinary Approach. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2011.
Fuller, L. L., andK.I. Winston. “The Forms and Limits of Adjudication.” Harvard Law Review 92.2 (1978): pp. 353–409.
Gaillet, Aurore. L’individu contre l’Etat: Essaie sur l’évolution des recours de droit public dans l’Allemagne du XIXe siècle. Paris: Dalloz, 2012.
Galligan, D. J. Due Process and Fair Procedures: A Study of Administrative Procedures. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.
Geelhoed, Ad. “The expanding jurisdiction of the EU Court of Justice.” The EU Constitution: The Best Way Forward. Eds. D. Curtin,A.E. Kellerman andS. Blockmans. The Hague: tmc Asser Press, 2005.
Georgakakis, Didier. “Tensions within Eurocracy?” European Consortium of Political Research. Aug 2009, Potsdam, Germany.
Geradin, Damien andNicolas Petit. “Judicial Review in European Union Competition Law: A Qualitative and Quantitative Approach.” The Role of the Court of Justice of the European Union in Competition Law Cases. Eds. Massimo Merola andJacques Derennes. Bruxelles: Bruylant, 2012, pp. 32–36.
Gerber, David J. Law and Competition in Twentieth Century Europe: Protecting Prometheus. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.
Gilardi, F. “The Institutional Foundations of Regulatory Capitalism: The Diffusion of Independent Regulatory Agencies in Western Europe.” The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 598.March (2005).
Gilardi, F. “The Formal Independence of Regulators: A Comparison of 17 Countries and 7 Sectors.” Swiss Political Science Review 11.4 (2005).
Groussot, Xavier,Laurent Pech andGunnar Thor Petursson. The Scope of Application of EU Fundamental Rights on Member States’ Action: In Search of Certainty in EU Adjudication. Eric Stein Working Paper No. 1/2011, Czech Society for European and Comparative Law.
Guarnieri, Carlo, andDaniela Piana. “Judicial Independence and the Rule of Law: Exploring the European Experience.” The Culture of Judicial Independence: New Conceptual Dimensions and Conceptual . Eds. Shimon Shetreet andChristopher Forsyth. Leiden: Brill, 2011.
Guidi, Mattia. “Delegation and Varieties of Capitalism: Explaining the Independence of National Competition Agencies in the European Union.” Comparative European Politics 12.3 (2014): pp. 343–365.
Guidi, Mattia. “The Impact of Independence on Regulatory Outcomes: the Case of EU Competition Policy.” Journal of Common Market Studies April (2015).
Guinchard, Serge. “Quels principes directeurs pour le procès de demain?” Mélanges Jacques Van Compernolle. Bruxelles: Bruylant, 2004.
Grabenwarter, C. European Convention of Human Rights: Commentary. Munchen: C.H. Beck, 2014.
Graeber, David. The Utopia of Rules: On Technology, Stupidity, and the Secret Joys of Bureaucracy. London: Melville House, 2016.
Graells, Sanchez. “The EU’s Accession to the echr and Due Process Rights in EU Competition Law Matters: Nothing New Under the Sun?” The Accession of the EU to theechr. Eds. V. Kosta,N. Skoutaris andV. Tzevelekos. Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2014, pp. 255–270.
Gragl, Paul. The Accession of the European Union to the European Convention on Human Rights. Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2014.
Haltern, U. “Integration Through Law.” European Integration Theory. Eds. A. Weiner andT. Diez. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.
Hanretty, Chris andChristel Koop. “Shall the Law Set Them Free? The Formal and Actual Independence of Regulatory Agencies.” Regulation & Governance 7.2 (2013): pp. 195–214.
Harding, Christopher. “The Relationship Between EU Criminal Law and Competition Law.” Research Handbook on Criminal Law. Eds. Valsamis Mitsilegas,Maria Bergström andTheodore Konstadinides . Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2016.
Harris, D.,M. O’Boyle,Ed Bates andC.M. Buckley. Law of the European Convention on Human Rights. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.
Hawley, Ellis W. The New Deal and the Problem of Monopoly: A Study in Economic Ambivalence. New York: Fordham University Press, 1995.
Hervey, Tamara,Robert Cryer,Bal Sokhi-Bulley andAli Bohm. Research Methodologies in EU and International Law. Portland: Hart Publishing, 2011.
Hewart, Lord of Bury. The New Despotism. London: Ernest Benn Limited, 1929.
Hirschl, Ran. Towards Juristocracy: The Origins and Consequences of the New Constitutionalism. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2004.
Hirschl, Ran. “The New Constitutionalism and the Judicialization of Pure Politics Worldwide.” Fordham Law Review 75.2 (2006).
Hix, S. The Political System of the European Union .Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.
Hooghe, Liesbet. The European Commission and the Integration of Europe: Images of Governance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
Höreth, Marcus. “The least Dangerous Branch of European Governance? The European Court of Justice Under the Checks and Balances Doctrine.” Judicial Activism at the European Court of Justice. Eds. Mark Dawson,Bruno de Witte andElise Muir. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2013, pp. 32–55.
Ibáñez Colomo, Pablo. The Shaping of EU Competition Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018.
Jackson, Vicki C. “Judicial Independence: Structure, Context, Attitude.” Judicial Independence in Transition. Ed. Anja Siebert-Fohr. Heidelberg: Springer, 2012.
Jenny, F. “Competition Authorities: Independence and Advocacy.” The Global Limits of Competition Law. Eds. I. Lianos andD.D. Sokol. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2012.
Kagan, Michael. “Loud and Soft Anti-Chevron Decisions.” Wake Forest Law Review 53.37 (2018).
Karagiannis, Yanis. “The Causes and Consequences of the Collegial Implementation of European Competition Law.” European Law Journal 19.5 (2013), pp. 682–704.
Katz, Daniel, andRobert L. Kahn. The Social Psychology of Organization. New York: Wiley, 1966.
Kaupa, Clemens. “Maybe not Activist Enough? On the Court’s Alleged Neoliberal Bias in its Recent Labor Cases.” Judicial Activism at the European Court of Justice. Eds. Mark Dawson,Bruno de Witte andElise Muir. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2013, pp. 56–75.
Keller, H., andA. Stone Sweet, eds. A Europe of Rights: The Impact of theechron National Legal Systems. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.
Keynes, John Maynard. The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. London: Macmillan, 1961.
Kovacic, W.E. “Competition Agencies, Independence, and the Political Process.” Competition Policy and the Economic Approach. Eds. J. Drexl,W. Kerber andR. Podszun. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2011.
Laina, Flavio, andElina Laurinen. “The EU Cartel Settlement Procedure: Current Status and Challenges.” Journal of European Competition Law and Practice 4.4 (2013): pp. 302–311.
Lambert Abdelgawad, Elisabeth. “The Economic Crisis and the Evolution of the System Based on the echr: Is There Any Correlation?” European Law Journal 22.1 (2016): pp. 74–91.
Lasser, Mitchel de S.-O.-L’E. Judicial Transformations: the Rights Revolution in the Courts of Europe. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.
Levi-Faur, David. “The Global Diffusion of Regulatory Capitalism.” The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 598.March (2005).
Levi-Faur, David andJ. Jacint. “Preface: The Making of a New Regulatory Order.” The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 598.March (2005): pp. 6–9.
Lewis, Justin,Sanna Inthorn andKarin Wahl-Jorgensen. Citizens or Consumers: What the Media Tell Us about Political Participation: The Media and the Decline of Political Participation. Maidenhead: Open University Press, 2005.
Lock, Tobias. “Walking on a Tightrope: The Draft Accession Agreement and the Autonomy of the EU Legal Order.” Common Market Law Review 48.4 (2011): pp. 1025–1054.
Lorch, Robert. Democratic Process and Administrative Law (Revised Edition) .Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1980.
Loucaides, Loukis G. The European Convention on Human Rights: Collected Essays. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2007.
Lowi, Theodore. The End of Liberalism: The Second Republic of the United States. 2nd edition .New York: W. W. Norton & Company ,1979.
Luhmann, Niklas. Social Systems. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1995.
Marra, Alessandro, andAlessandro Sarra. “Incomplete Antitrust Laws and Private Actions for Damages.” European Journal of Law & Economics 30 (2010): pp. 111–135.
Marshall, Geoffrey. “Due Process in England.” Due Process. Eds. James Roland Pennock andJohn W. Chapman. New York: New York University Press, 1977.
Mateus, A. “Why Should National Competition Authorities Be Independent and How Should they Be Accountable?” European Competition Journal 3.1 (2007).
Meadows, Donella H. Thinking in Systems: A Primer. London: Earthscan, 2009.
Mele, Cristina,Jacqueline Pels andFrancesco Polese. “A Brief Review of Systems Theories and Their Managerial Applications.” Service Science 2.1/2 (2010): pp. 126–135.
Mendes, Joana. “Participation and Participation Rights in EU Law and Governance.” Legal Challenges in EU Administrative Law: Towards an Integrated Administration. Eds. Herwig C.H. Hofmann andAlexander H. Türk. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2009, pp. 257–287.
Michaels, F.S. Monoculture: How One Story is Changing Everything. Canada: Red Clover Press, 2011.
Michelman, Frank I. “Formal and Associational Aims in Procedural Due Process.” Due Process. Eds. James Roland Pennock andJohn W. Chapman . New York: New York University Press, 1977.
Miettinen, Samuel. Criminal Law and Policy in the European Union. New York: Routledge, 2013.
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Monti, Giorgio. Independence, Interdependence and Legitimacy: The EU Commission, National Competition Authorities, and the European Competition Network. eui Working Paper Law No. 2014/01, European University Institute.
Monti, Giorgio. “Legislative and Executive Competences in Competition Law.” The Question of Competence in the European Union. Ed. Loic Azoulai. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.
Morano-Foadi, Sonia and Stelios Andreadakis. “Reflections of the Architecture of the EU after the Treaty of Lisbon: The European Judicial Approach to Fundamental Rights.” European Law Journal 17.5 (2011): pp. 595–610.
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Sandholtz, W. “Treaties, Constitutions and Courts.” The Politics of the Globalization of Law: Getting from Rights to Justice. Ed. Alison Brysk. New York: Routledge, 2013.
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Simpson, A.W. Brian. Human Rights and the End of Empire: Britain and the Genesis of the European Convention. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.
Simpson, A. W. Brian. “Britain and the European Convention.” Cornell International Law Journal 34.3 (2001): article 4.
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Van Bael, Ivo andJean-François Bellis. Competition Law of the European Community .Bruxelles: Kluwer Law International, 2005.
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Voigt, Stefan. “The Economic Effect of Judicial Accountability: Cross-Country Evidence.” European Journal of Law and Economics 25.2 (2008): pp. 95–123.
Voigt, Stefan,Jerg Gutmann andLars Feld. “Economic Growth and Judicial Independence, a Dozen Years On: Cross-Country Evidence Using an Updated Set of Indicators.” European Journal of Political Economy 38 (2015).
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Treaties
Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.
Treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community.
Treaty establishing the European Economic Community.
Treaty of European Union.
Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.
Charter of Fundamentals Rights of the European Union.
Explanations relating to the Charter of Fundamental Rights.
EU Legislation
Directives
Directive 95/46/ec of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 1995 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, oj L 281, 23.11.1995, p. 31.
Directive 2002/21/ec of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 March 2002 on a common regulatory framework for electronic communications networks and services, oj L 108, 24.4.2002, p. 33 as amended by Directive 2009/140/ec of the European and of the Council of 25 November 2009, oj L 337, 18.12.2009, p. 37.
Directive 2009/72/ec of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 July 2009 concerning common rules for the internal market in electricity and repealing Directive 2003/54/ec, oj L 211, 14.8.2009, p.55.
Directive 2012/34/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 November 2012 establishing a single European railway area, oj L 343, 14.12.2012, p. 32. Directive (EU) 2019/1 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 to empower the competition authorities of the Member States to be more effective enforcers and to ensure the proper functioning of the internal market, oj L 11, 14.1.2019, p. 3–33.
Regulations
Regulation No 17 First Regulation implementing Articles 85 and 86 of the Treaty, oj P 013, 21.2.1962, pp. 204–211.
Regulation No 31 (eec), 11 (eaec), laying down the Staff Regulations of Officials and the Conditions of Employment of Other Servants of the European Economic Community and the European Atomic Energy Community. oj P 045, 14.6.1962, p. 1385.
Council Regulation (ec) No 1/2003 of 16 December 2002 on the implementation of the rules on competition laid down in Articles 81 and 82 of the Treaty, oj L 001, 04.01.2003, pp. 1–25.
Council Regulation (ec) No 139/2004 of 20 January 2004 on the control of concentrations between undertakings (ec Merger Regulation), oj L 24, 29.1.2004, pp. 1–22.
Commission Regulation (ec) No 773/2004 of 7 April 2004 relating to the conduct of proceedings by the Commission pursuant to Articles 81 and 82 of the ec Treaty, oj L 123, 27.4.2004, pp. 18–24.
Council Regulation (ec) No 168/2007 of 15 February 2007 establishing a European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights, oj L 53, 22.2.2007, pp. 1–14.
Commission Regulation (EU) No 1407/2013 of 18 December 2013 on the application of Articles 107 and 108 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union to de minimis aid, oj L 352, 24.12.2013, pp. 1–8.
Commission Regulation (EU) 651/2014 of 17 June 2014 declaring certain categories of aid compatible with the internal market in application of Articles 107 and 108 of the Treaty, oj L 187, 26.6.2014, pp. 1–78.
Decisions
88/591/ecsc, eec, Euratom: Council Decision of 24 October 1988 establishing a Court of First Instance of the European Communities, oj L 319, 25.11.1988. Date of end of validity: 31/01/2003.
Commission Decision of 24 February 2010 amending its Rules of Procedure 2010/138/EU, Euratom, oj L 55, 5.3.2010, p. 60.
Decision of the President of the European Commission of 13 October 2011 on the function and terms of reference of the hearing officer in certain competition proceedings, oj L 275, 20.10.2011, pp. 29–37.
Council Decision (EU) 2017/2269 of 7 December 2017 establishing a Multiannual Framework for the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights for 2018–2022, oj L 326, 9.12.2017, pp. 1–4.
Guidelines
Guidelines of method of setting fines imposed pursuant to Article 23(2)(a) of Regulation No 1/2003, oj C 210, 1.9.2006, pp. 2–5.
Information from the Commission – Guidelines on the method of setting fines imposed pursuant to Article 15(2) of Regulation No 17 and Article 65(5) of the ecsc Treaty, oj C 9, 14.1.1998, pp. 3–5.
Notices
Commission notice on immunity from fines and reduction of fines in cartel cases, oj C 298, 8.12.2006, pp. 17–22.
Commission notice on best practices for the conduct of proceedings concerning Articles 101 and 102 tfeu, oj C 308, 20.10.2011, pp. 6–32.
Commission Notice on the handling of complaints by the Commission under Articles 81 and 82 of the ec Treaty, oj C 101, 27.4.2004, pp. 65–77.
Commission Notice on the conduct of settlement procedures in view of the adoption of Decisions pursuant to Article 7 and Article 23 of Council Regulation (ec) No 1/2003 in cartel cases, oj C 167, 2.7.2008, pp. 1–6.
Commission Notice on the non-imposition or reduction of fines in cartel cases, oj C 207, 18.7.1996, p. 4–6.
Commission notice on immunity from fines and reduction of fines in cartel cases, oj C 45, 19.2.2002, p. 3–5.
Commission Notice on the rules for access to the Commission file in cases pursuant to Articles 81 and 82 of the ec Treaty, Articles 53, 54 and 57 of the eea Agreement and Council Regulation (ec) No 139/2004, oj C 325, 22.12.2005, pp. 7–15.
Rules
Rules of Procedure of the Commission [C(2000) 3614], oj L 308, 8.12.2000, pp. 26–34.
Jurisprudence
European Court of Human Rights
ECtHR. Ringeisen v. Austria, application no. 2614/65, judgement of 16 Jul 1971.
ECtHR. Delcourt v. Belgium, application no. 2689/65, judgement of 17 Jan 1970.
ECtHR. Golder v. the United Kingdom, application no. 4451/70, judgement of 21 Feb 1975.
ECtHR. Engel and others v. the Netherlands, application no. 5100/71, judgement of 8 Jun 1976. ECtHR. Airey v. Ireland, application no. 6289/73, judgement of 9 Oct 1979.
ECtHR. Winterwerp v. the Netherlands, application no. 6301/73, judgement of 24 Oct 1979.
ECtHR. The Sunday Times v. the United Kingdom [gc], application no. 6538/74, judgement of 26 Apr 1979.
ECtHR. Marckx v. Belgium [gc], application no. 6833/74, judgement of 13 Jun 1979.
ECtHR. Le Compte, Van Leuven and De Meyere v. Belgium, application nos. 6878/75 and 7238/75, judgement of 23 Jun 1981.
ECtHR. Deweer v. Belgium, application no. 6903/75, judgement of 27 Feb 1980.
ECtHR. Sporrong and Lönnroth v. Sweden, applications nos. 7151/75 and 7152/75, judgement of 23 Sep 1982.
ECtHR. Zand v. Austria, application no. 7360/76, judgement on 16 May 1977.
ECtHR. Young, James and Webster v. the United Kingdom [gc], applications nos. 7601/76 and 7806/77, judgement of 13 Aug 1981.
ECtHR. Campbell and Fell v. the United Kingdom, application nos. 7819/77 and 7878/77, judgement of 28 Jun 1984.
ECtHR. Adolf v. Austria, application no. 8269/78, judgement of 26 Mar 1982.
ECtHR. Feldbrugge v. the Netherlands [gc], application no. 8562/79, judgement of 29 May 1986.
ECtHR. Crociani and Others v. Italy, application nos. 8603/79, 8722/79, 8723/79, 8729/79, judgement 18 Dec 1980.
ECtHR. Malone v. the United Kingdom, application no. 8691/79, judgement of 2 Aug 1984.
ECtHR. Piersack v. Belgium, application no. 8692/79, judgement of 1 Oct 1982.
ECtHR. Sramek v. Austria, application no. 8790/79, judgement of 22 Oct 1984.
ECtHR. Benthem v. the Netherlands, application no. 8848/80, judgement of 23 Oct 1985.
ECtHR. Guincho v. Portugal, application no. 8990/80, judgement of 10 Jul 1984.
ECtHR. De Cubber v. Belgium, application no. 9186/80, judgement of 26 Oct 1984.
ECtHR. Powell and Rayner v. the United Kingdom, application no. 9310/81, judgement of 21 Feb 1990.
ECtHR. Lutz v. Germany [gc], application no. 9912/82, judgement of 25 Aug 1987.
ECtHR. Belilos v. Switzerland, application no. 10328/83, judgement of 29 Apr 1988.
ECtHR. Olsson v. Sweden (no. 1), application no. 10465/83, judgement of 24 Mar 1988.
ECtHR. Hauschildt v. Denmark, application no. 10486/83, judgement of 24 May 1989.
ECtHR. Francesco Lombardo v. Italy, application no. 11519/85, judgement of 26 Nov 1992.
ECtHR. Société Stenuit v. France (dec.), application no. 11598/85, judgement of 11 Jul 1989. ECtHR. Société Stenuit v. France, application no. 11598/85, judgement of 27 Feb 1992.
ECtHR. Obermeier v. Austria, application no. 11761/85, judgement of 28 Jun 1990.
ECtHR. Zumtobel v. Austria, application no. 12235/86, judgement of 21 Sep 1993.
ECtHR. Ortenberg v. Austria, application no. 12884/87, judgement of 25 Nov 1994.
ECtHR. Ruiz-Mateos v. Spain [gc], application no. 12952/87, judgement of 23 Jun 1993.
ECtHR. De Geouffre de la Pradelle v. France, application no. 12964/87, judgement of 16 Dec 1992.
ECtHR. Salesi v. Italy, application no. 13023/87, judgement of 26 Feb 1993.
ECtHR. Soering v. the United Kingdom, application no. 14038/88, judgement of 7 Jul 1989.
ECtHR. Fey v. Austria, application no. 14396/88, judgement of 24 Feb 1993.
ECtHR. Massa v. Italy, application no. 14399/88, judgement of 24 Aug 1993.
ECtHR. Simpson v. the United Kingdom (dec.), application no. 14688/89, judgement 4 Dec 1989.
ECtHR. Beaumartin v. France, application no. 15287/89, judgement of 24 Nov 1994.
ECtHR. Schmautzer v. Austria, application no. 15523/89, judgement of 23 Oct 1995.
ECtHR. X v. France, application no. 18020/91, judgement of 31 Mar 1992.
ECtHR. Schouten and Meldrum v. the Netherlands, application no. 19006/91, judgement of 09 Dec 1994.
ECtHR. Bryan v. the United Kingdom, application no. 19178/91, judgement of 22 Nov 1995.
ECtHR. Terra Woningen b.v. v. the Netherlands, application no. 20641/92, judgement of 17 Dec 1996.
ECtHR. Findlay v. the United Kingdom, application no. 22107/93, judgement of 25 Feb 1997.
ECtHR. Öztürk v. Turkey, application no. 22479/93, judgement of 28 Sep 1999.
ECtHR. Pierre-Bloch v. France, application no. 24194/94, judgement of 21 Oct 1997.
ECtHR. Lauko v. Slovakia, application no. 26138/95, judgement of 2 Sep 1998.
ECtHR. Athanassoglou and Others v. Switzerland [gc], application no. 27644/95, judgement of 6 Apr 2000.
ECtHR. X. v. the United Kingdom (dec.), application no. 28530/95, judgement of 19 Jan 1998
ECtHR. Pellegrin v. France, application no. 28541/95, judgement of 8 Dec 1999.
ECtHR. Credit and Industrial Bank v. the Czech Republic, application no. 29010/95, judgement of 21 Oct 2003.
ECtHR. Stefan v. the United Kingdom (dec.), application no. 29419/95, judgement of 9 Dec 1997.
ECtHR. Wickramsinghe v. the United Kingdom (dec.), application no. 31503/96, judgement of 9 Dec 1997. ECtHR. Roche v. the United Kingdom [gc], application no. 32555/96, judgement of 19 Oct 2005.
ECtHR. Fortum Corporation v. Finland, application no. 32559/96, judgement of 15 Jul 2003.
ECtHR. Aannemersbedrijf Gebroeders Van Leeuwen b.v. v. the Netherlands (dec.), application no. 32602/96, judgement of 25 Jan 2000.
ECtHR. Alatulkkila and Others v. Finland, application no. 33538/96, judgement of 28 Jul 2005.
ECtHR. Musumeci v. Italy, application no. 33695/96, judgement of 11 Jan 2005.
ECtHR. Janosevic v. Sweden [gc], application no. 34619/97, judgement of 23 Jul 2002.
ECtHR. Millan i Tornes v. Andorra, application no. 35052/97, judgement of 6 Jul 1999.
ECtHR. Krcmar and Others v. the Czech Republic, application no. 35376/97, judgement of 3 Mar 2000.
ECtHR. Kingsley v. the United Kingdom, application no. 35605/97, judgement of 7 Nov 2000.
ECtHR. Kingsley v. the United Kingdom [gc], application no. 35605/97, judgement of 28 May 2002.
ECtHR. Västberga Taxi Aktiebolag and Vulic v. Sweden, application no. 36985/97, judgement of 23 Jul 2002.
ECtHR. Kleyn and others v. the Netherlands, application nos. 39343/98, 39651/98, 43147/98, 46664/99, judgement of 6 May 2003.
ECtHR. Kress v. France, application no. 39594/98, judgement of 6 June 2001.
ECtHR. Maaouia v. France, application no. 39652/98, judgement of 5 Oct 2000.
ECtHR. Ezeh and Connors v. the United Kingdom [gc], application nos. 39665/98 and 40086/98, judgement of 9 Oct 2003.
ECtHR. i.d. v. Bulgaria, application no. 43578/98, judgement of 28 Apr 2005.
ECtHR. Ferrazzini v. Italy, application no. 44759/98, judgement of 12 Jul 2001.
ECtHR. Taşkın and Others v. Turkey, application no. 46117/99, judgement of 10 Oct 2004.
ECtHR. Stafford v. the United Kingdom [gc], application no. 46295/99, judgement 28 May 2002.
ECtHR. Perez v. France, application no. 47287/99, judgement of 12 Feb 2014.
ECtHR. Ergin v. Turkey (no. 6), application no. 47533/99, judgement of 4 May 2006.
ECtHR. Sovtransavto Holding v. Ukraine, application no. 48553/99, judgement of 25 Jul 2002.
ECtHR. Capital Bank ad v. Bulgaria, application no. 49429/99, judgement of 24 Nov 2005.
ECtHR. Lilly France s.a. v. France, application no. 53892/00, judgement of 14 Oct 2003. ECtHR. Didier v. France, application no. 58188/00, judgement of 27 Aug 2002.
ECtHR. Tsfayo v. the United Kingdom, application no. 60860/00, judgement of 14 Nov 2006.
ECtHR. Vilho Eskelinen and Others v. Finland [gc], application no. 63235/00, judgement of 19 Apr 2007.
ECtHR. ooo Neste St. Petersburg, zao Kirishiavtoservice, ooo Nevskaya Toplivnaya, zao Transservice, ooo Faeton, ooo ptk-Service v. Russia (dec.), application nos 69042/01, 69050/01, 69054/01, 69055/01, 69056/01 and 69058/01, judgement of 3 Jun 2004.
ECtHR. Jussila v. Finland [gc], application no. 73053/01, judgement of 23 Nov 2006.
ECtHR. Emine Araç v. Turkey, application no. 9907/02, judgement of 23 Sep 2008.
ECtHR. Woś v. Poland, application no. 22860/02, judgement of 8 Jun 2006.
ECtHR. Agrokompleks v. Ukraine, application no. 23465/03, judgement of 6 Oct 2011.
ECtHR. Elezi v. Germany, application no. 26771/03, judgement of 12 Jun 2008.
ECtHR. Sigma Radio Television Ltd. v. Cyprus, applications nos. 32181/04 and 35122/05, judgement of 21 Jul 2011.
ECtHR. Dubus s.a. v. France, application no. 5242/04, judgement of 11 Jun 2009.
ECtHR. Savino and Others v. Italy, applications nos. 17214/05, 20329/05 and 42113/04, judgement of 28 Apr 2009.
ECtHR. Olujic v. Croatia, application no. 22330/05, judgement of 5 Feb 2009.
ECtHR. Perus v. Slovenia, application no. 35016/05, judgement of 27 Sep 2012.
ECtHR. Fazliyski v. Bulgaria, application no. 40908/05, judgement of 16 Apr 2013.
ECtHR. Stechauner v. Austria, application no. 20087/06, judgement of 28 Jan 2010.
ECtHR. Puchstein v. Austria, application no. 20089/06, judgement of 28 Jan 2010.
ECtHR. Parlov-Tkalcic v. Croatia, application no. 24810/06, judgement of 22 Dec 2009.
ECtHR. Rumpf v. Germany, application no. 46344/06, judgement of 2 Sep 2010.
ECtHR. Steininger v. Austria, application no. 21539/07, judgement of 17 Jul 2012.
ECtHR. Fatullayev v. Azerbaijan, application no. 40984/07, judgement of 22 Apr 2010.
ECtHR. Henryk Urban and Ryszard Urban v. Poland, application no. 23614/08, judgement of 30 Nov 2010.
ECtHR. Khrykin v. Russia, application no. 33186/08, judgement of 19 Apr 2011.
ECtHR. A. Menarini Diagnostics s.r.l. v. Italy, application no. 43509/08, judgement of 27 Sep 2011.
Courts of the European Union
C-9/56, Meroni v High Authority, ecli:eu:C:1958:7.
C-56/64, Consten and Grundig v Commission of the eec, ecli:eu:C:1966:41.
C-58/64, Grundig v Commission of the eec, ecli:eu:C:1965:60.
C-5/66 (Joined Cases C-5/66, C-13/66, C-14/66, C-16/66, C-21/66), Kampffmeyer and Others v Commission of the eec, ecli:eu:C:1967:8. C-44/69, Buchler & Co. v Commission, ecli:eu:C:1970:72.
C-11/70, Internationale Handelsgesellschaft mbH v Einfuhr- und Vorratsstelle für Getreide und Futtermittel, ecli:eu:C:1970:114.
C-4/73, Nold kg v Commission, ecli:eu:C:1974:51.
C-40/73 (joined cases 40 to 48, 50, 54 to 56, 111, 113 and 114–73), Suiker Unie and Others v Commission, ecli:eu:C:1975:174.
C-100/80 (joined cases 100 to 103/80), Musique Diffusion française v Commission, ecli:eu:C:1983:158.
C-294/83, Les Verts v European Parliament, ecli:eu:C:1986:166.
C-42/84, Remia v Commission, ecli:eu:C:1985:327.
C-222/84, Johnston v Chief Constable of the Royal Ulster Constabulary, ecli:eu:C:1986:206.
C-222/86, Unectef v Heylens, ecli:eu:C:1987:442.
C-97/87, Dow Chemical Ibérica and Others v Commission, ecli:eu:C:1989:380.
C-374/87, Orkem v Commission, ecli:eu:C:1989:387.
T-6/89, Enichem Anic v Commission, ecli:eu:T:1991:74.
T-7/89, Hercules Chemicals v Commission, ecli:eu:T:1991:75.
T-13/89, ici v Commission, ecli:eu:T:1992:35.
T-64/89, Automec v Commission, ecli:eu:T:1990:42.
C-260/89, ert v dep, ecli:eu:C:1991:254.
T-24/90, Automec v Commission, ecli:eu:T:1992:97.
T-30/91, Solvay v Commission, ecli:eu:T:1995:115.
T-37/91, ici v Commission, ecli:eu:T:1995:119.
C-97/91, Oleificio Borelli v Commission, ecli:eu:C:1992:491.
C-49/92 P, Commission v Anic Partecipazioni, ecli:eu:C:1999:356.
T-77/92, Parker Pen v Commission, ecli:eu:T:1994:85.
T-141/94, Thyssen Stahl v Commission, ecli:eu:T:1999:48.
T-347/94, Mayr-Melnhof Kartongesellschaft v Commission, ecli:eu:T:1998:101.
C-137/95 P, spo and Others v Commission, ecli:eu:C:1996:130.
C-185/95, Baustahlgewebe GmbH v Commission of the European Communities, ecli:eu:C:1998:608.
C-174/98 P (joined with C-189/98 P), Kingdom of the Netherlands and Gerard van der Wal v Commission of the European Communities, ecli:eu:C:2000:1.
T-9/99, hfb and Others v Commission, ecli:eu:T:2002:70.
C-424/99, Commission v Austria, ecli:eu:C:2001:642.
T-44/00, Mannesmannröhren-Werke ag v Commission, ecli:eu:T:2004:218.
C-50/00 P, Unión de Pequeños Agricultores v Council, ecli:eu:C:2002:462.
C-94/00, Roquette Frères v Directeur général de la concurrence, de la consommation et de la répression des fraudes, and Commission of the European Communities, ecli:eu:C:2002:603. T-213/00, cma cgm and Others v Commission, ecli:eu:T:2003:76.
T-236/01, Tokai Carbon v Commission, ecli:eu:T:2004:118.
T-241/01, Scandinavian Airlines System v Commission, ecli:eu:T:2005:296.
C-467/01, Eribrand, ecli:eu:C:2003:364.
T-59/02, Archer Daniels Midland v Commission, ecli:eu:T:2006:272.
T-109/02, T-118/02, T-122/02, T-125/02, T-126/02, T-128/02, T-129/02, T-132/02 and T-136/02 (joined cases), Bolloré sa and Others v. Commission, ecli:eu:T:2007:115.
C-189/02 P, Dansk Rørindustri and Others v Commission, ecli:eu:C:2005:408.
C-12/03 P, Commission v Tetra Laval, ecli:eu:C:2005:87.
T-95/03, Asociación de Empresarios de Estaciones de Servicio de la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid and Federación Catalana de Estaciones de Servicio v Commission of the European Communities, ecli:eu:T:2006:385.
C-540/03, Parliament v Council, ecli:eu:C:2006:429.
T-127/04, kme Germany and Others v Commission, ecli:eu:T:2009:142.
T-339/04, France Télécom v Commission, ecli:eu:T:2007:80.
C-341/04, Eurofood ifsc Ltd., ecli:eu:C:2006:281.
C-411/04 P, Salzgitter Mannesmann v Commission, ecli:eu:C:2007:54.
T-101/05 and T-111/05, basf v Commission, ecli:eu:T:2007:290.
C-328/05, sgl Carbon ag v Commission, ecli:eu:C:2007:277.
C-341/05, Laval un Partneri Ltd v Svenska Byggnadsarbetareförbundet, Svenska Byggnadsarbetareförbundets avdelning 1, Byggettan and Svenska Elektrikerförbundet, ecli:eu:C:2007:809.
C-402/05 P, Kadi and Al Barakaat International Foundation v Council and Commission, ecli:eu:C:2008:461.
C-415/05 P, Al Barakaat International Foundation v Council and Commission, ecli:eu:C:2008:30.
C-438/05, International Transport Workers’ Federation and Finnish Seamen’s Union v Viking Line abp and oü Viking Line Eesti, ecli:eu:C:2007:772.
T-170/06, Alrosa v Commission, ecli:eu:T:2007:220.
T-138/07, Schindler Holding and Others v Commission, ecli:eu:T:2011:362.
T-257/07, France v Commission, ecli:eu:T:2011:444.
C-405/07 P, Netherlands v Commission, ecli:eu:C:2008:613.
T-475/07, Dow AgroScience and Others v Commission, ecli:eu:T:2011:455.
C-555/07, Kücükdeveci v Swedex GmbH & Co. kg, ecli:eu:C:2010:21.
C-534/07 P, Prym and Prym Consumer v Commission, ecli:eu:C:2009:505.
T-167/08, Microsoft v Commission, ecli:eu:T:2012:323.
C-272/09 P, kme Germany and Others v Commission, ecli:eu:C:2011:63.
C-279/09, deb, ecli:eu:C:2010:811. C-457/09, Claude Chartry v Belgian State, ecli:eu:C:2011:101.
C-69/10, Brahim Samba Diouf v Ministre du Travail, de l’Emploi et de l’Immigration, ecli:eu:C:2011:524.
C-386/10 P, Chalkor v Commission, ecli:eu:C:2011:815.
C-571/10, Kamberaj, ecli:eu:C:2012:233.
Joined Cases C‑584/10 P, C‑593/10 P and C‑595/10 P, European Commission and Others v Yassin Abdullah Kadi, ecli:eu:C:2013:518.
C-617/10, Åkerberg Fransson, ecli:eu:C:2013:105.
C-399/11, Stefano Melloni v Ministerio Fiscal, ecli:eu:C:2012:600.
C-501/11 P, Schindler Holding and Others v Commission, ecli:eu:C:2013:522.
C-99/17, Infineon Technologies ag v Commission, ecli:eu:C:2018:773.
C-175/17, X v Belastingdienst/Toeslagen, ecli:eu:C:2018:776.
C-530/17, Mykola Yanovych Azarov v Council, ecli:eu:C:2018:1031.
ecj, Avis 1/91, Accord eee – I, ecli:eu:C:1991:490.
ecj, Avis 2/94, Adhésion de la Communauté à la cedh, ecli:eu:C:1996:140.
ecj, Avis 1/00, Accord sur la création d’un espace aérien européen commun, ecli:eu:C:2002:231.
ecj, Avis 1/09, Accord sur la création d’un système unifié de règlement des litiges en matière de brevets, ecli:eu:C:2011:123.
UK Courts
hp Bulmer Ltd v J Bollinger sa [1974] 2 wlr 202.
US Courts
Standard Oil Company of New Jersey et Al v. United States, 221 U.S. 1 (1910).
United States v. United States Steel Corp., 251 U.S. 417 (1920).
Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee v. McGrath, 341 U.S. 123 (1951).
Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., 467 U.S. 837 (1984).
United States v. Mead Corp., 533 U.S. 218 (2001).
Organisational Documents
Council of Europe
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https://www.coe.int/en/web/impact-convention-human-rights/right-to-a-fair-trial accessed on 23 February 2021.Council of Europe. Resolution of the Council of Europe’s Committee of Ministers dh (82) 2.
Council of Europe. Resolution of the Council of Europe’s Committee of Ministers dh (2013) 244.
Council of Europe. Resolution of the Council of Europe’s Committee of Ministers dh (99) 721.
European Court of Human Rights
ECtHR. ECtHR Survey – Forty Years of Activity – 1959–1998. Available at
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European Union
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European Commission. xxvth Report on Competition Policy 1995. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1996.
European Commission. Report on Competition Policy 2007. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2008.
European Commission. Report on Competition Policy 2017. Brussels: com(2018) 482 final. Available at
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European Commission. Case iv/29.595, Pioneer Hi-Fi Equipment [1980], oj L 60, p. 21.
European Commission. Cartel Statistics. Available at
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European Commission. Directorate-General for Competition. Proceedings for the application of Articles 101 and 102 tfeu: Key Actors and Checks and Balances. Available at
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http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_SPEECH-13-210_en.htm accessed on 23 February 2021.European Commission. Report on Competition Policy 2006. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2007.
European Commission. Neelie Kroes. Fact-based Competition Policy – the Contribution of Sector Inquiries to Better Regulation, Priority Setting and Detection. Speech, 26 Mar 2007. Available at
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European Commission. Communication from the Commission. Strategy for the effective implementation of the Charter of Fundamental Rights by the European Union. com/2010/0573 final. European Competition Network. Resolution of the Meeting of Heads of European Competition Authorities of 16 November 2010 on Competition Authorities in the European Union – the Continued Need for Effective Institutions. Available at
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International Competition Network
icn. icn Recommended Practices for Investigative Process. Available at:
https://www.internationalcompetitionnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/RPs-Investigative-Process.pdf accessed on 23 February 2021.icn. Report on Agency Effectiveness Through Organisational Design. Available at:
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Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Fels, A. and H. Ergas (2014). Institutional Design of Competition Authorities. daf/comp/wd(2014)85 Paper drafted as a Background Note for the Competition Commission’s session on Changes in Institutional Design. Available at:
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unctad. Independence and Accountability of Competition Authorities. Document td/B/com.2/clp/67 of 14 May 2008. Available at
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