Index
1930 Penal Code
107 , 108n73 , 194 –195 , 317 –318
59 Senior officials
59
a rule of ihl, violations of
321 , 323 –324 , 325
a year zero for democracy
122 –123
Abera Ayalew et al
257n118
Abiy Ahmed
136
Absorption and addition rules
421 –422
Abuse of power
6 –7n28 , 71 –72 , 71 –72n150 , 74n163 , 137 , 175 , 266 , 374 –375 , 435
Addis Ababa Conference
53 –55 , 57 , 88
African Human Rights Commission
341 –342n163
aggravated homicide
73n157 , 74n166 , 77n176 , 177 , 229nn206-209 , 229 –231 , 229nn206-209 , 230nn210-212 , 253 , 253n97 , 253 –254n95 , 254n99 , 386 –387nn85-87 , 386 –387nn85-87
Aggravated property damage
6 –7n28 , 71 –72
Aggravating Factors
257 –258 , 394 –395 , 394n129 , 407 , 408 , 409n208 , 411 , 417 –418, 419 , 418 –419n265 , 420 –421 , 422 , 425 , 447
Aliyu Yusuf Ibrahim et al
285 , 286 , 288 , 373 –374n8 , 421, 428n 339
All Ethiopian Socialist Movement
48n27 , 54
American Bar Association
20 –22n87
Amhara Supreme Court
152 –153 , 423
Amnesty
38 , 159
Amnesty laws
36 , 43 –44n2
Blanket amnesty
64
De facto amnesty
93 , 136 , 137
Self-proclaimed amnesty
137
Not subjected to amnesty
169 , 203
another war, see also Second Italo-Ethiopian war,
315
anti-people
228nn197-198 , 246 –247n50
anti-revolutionary
228n198 , 277 –278n222
anti-unity
227 –228 , 279n239
Anuak-Nuwer
9 –10 , 9 –10n35 , 14 , 24 –25 , 28 , 44 , 44 –45n10 , 45 , 50 , 129 , 130 , 131 , 140 –141 , 170 , 237 , 248 , 249 , 253 , 272 –273 , 286 , 288 , 299 –300n355 , 373 –374 , 375 , 378 –379n32 , 387 –388n89
Apology
8 –9 , 16 –17n65 , 94 , 96 –97n24 , 98n29 , 100 –101n42 , 117 , 118n129 , 119 –122 , 136 , 254n100 , 397 –399 , 406 , 434 , 446 –447
ap i
320 –321 , 335 –336
ap ii
103
Applicable law
38n146 , 40 , 63 –64n104 , 76 –77 , 76 –77n174 , 106 –107n66 , 107 –108 , 189 –190 , 208 , 232 , 233n222 , 441 , 442 , 443
Article 38, icj Statute
340n162
As such
191 , 200 –201 , 207 –208 , 214 , 216 , 219 , 224 –225 , 226 –227 , 229 –230 , 239 –240 , 242 , 248 , 259 –261n133 , 265 –266 , 271 –272 , 277 –278n219
azapo judgment
56 , 61n96
Bargaining power
58 , 110 , 112
Begashaw Gurmessa
291 –292
Big-Fish
93 , 143 –144 , 273 –274
Bodily Harm
100 –101n41 , 210 , 217 , 256 –258
Bodily injury
211 , 215 , 216 , 229 , 251 , 256 –257 , 258 –259n123 , 259 –262 , 296 –297 , 303 –304 , 354 , 355 , 358 –359 , 359 –360n235 , 364 , 369 –370 , 371 –372
Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Serbia and Montenegro
239 –240n14 , 245 –246n47 , 300 –301n363
campaigns of violence
276n214
Cantoral-Benavides v. Peru
34n135
Central Revolutionary Investigation Department
268 , 280 –282 , 292
Cherif Bassiouni
69 –70 , 232 –233
Chila
102 , 332n124 , 354
Circular situation of inter-dependence
287
Civilized Nations
230 –231 , 340n162
Coalition for Unity and Democracy
10 –11
Coalition of Democratic Ethiopia Forces (codef)
48n27 , 54
Codification Commission
207 –208 , 213
Cohen, Herman
49 , 50 , 51 , 126 –127
Commission of inquiry
60 , 66 –68n123 , 68 –70 , 69nn133-134 , 130 , 133 –134 , 163 –164 , 239 –240n14 , 247n55 , 249 , 288 –289n291 , 435 –436
Compliance ensuring measures
432 –433
Compulsory Movement
214 , 216
Conflicting domestic laws, impermissibility
441
Constitutions of Ethiopia
1931 Constitution
43 –44n189 , 81 –82 , 170 –171n144 , 193 , 193n20
1955 Revised Constitution
43 –44 , 81 –82n191 , 82 , 82n200 , 85 , 107 –108 , 107 –108n71 , 170 –171n144 , 193n21
1989 pdre Constitution
61n33 , 87 , 210 –211 , 219 –220
1995 fdre Constitution, see also fdre Constitution,
6 –7n 26 , 165 –166 , 249 –250
Constitutional Interpretation
171 –172n 144 , 221n 159
Ephemeral Constitutions
106 , 218 –219
Constitutions
of Angola
63 –64n120 , 65 , 132
of Brazil
63 –64n117 , 132
of Colombia
63 , 65 , 132
of Ecuador
132
of Pakistan
63 –64n119
of Philippines
63 –64n116
of Venezuela
132
Convention Against Torture
75 , 222 , 259 –261n133
Convention on the Non-Applicability of Statutory Limitations to War Crimes and Crimes
77 , 77n175 , 437 , 437n7 , 449
Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide
2 –3 , 20 –22n88 , 96 –97 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 191, 239n14
Article v
194 –195 , 209 , 219 –220 , 376 –377n25
Article ii
201 , 204 , 214 , 216 , 238
Article iii
87 –88 , 96 –97 , 194 –195n22 , 209 , 236
Core crimes
1 –2 , 1 –2n1 , 6 –7 , 11 –12 , 14 –15 , 18 , 19 , 20 –22 , 23 , 24 –25
Crime without a name
195n29
Crimes against Humanity
20 –22n 87 , 20 –22n88 , 71 , 72 , 78 , 137 , 169 , 223 , 262 –263
Not trials for crimes againts humanity
75 –76
Duty to prosecute crimes against himanity
104 –105 , 131
Genocide as crimes against humanity,
197 , 198 , 200 –201
Humanity
195 , 243
Crimes in Violation of International Law
321 –322
Criminal Procedure Code 1960
24 –25n96
Article 160
174nn169-170 , 177nn184-185
Article 161
176 , 177 –178
cud trials (Cases)
10 –11 , 14 , 28 , 130 , 135
Customary International Law
On the ambit of genocide
99 –100
On rules of ihl
232
On non-international armed conflict
328 , 345 –347
On direct application of
371 , 442
Effective Penalty/ Penal Snactions
Dagnenet Ayalew et al
292n316 , 301n366
Darfur situation
57
Darfur Commission/ report
247 , 288 –289
David Michael Nicholas v. Australia
36 –37n141 , 340n160
Death Penalty (Capital Punishment)
64 , 391 –393 , 394 –395
Debela Dinsa Wege et al.
250n117
Dem Yazele Dossie
8 –9n33 , 61 –62 , 61 –62n99 , 85 –86nn226-227 , 96n22 , 97n27 , 102n48 , 104n58 , 114n109 , 145n21 , 146 –149n36 , 149n41 , 152n54 , 155n74 , 156 , 156n49 , 156n80 , 339n121
Democratic Republic of Congo v. Belgium
83 –84n209
Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Uganda
328 –330n115
Dergue
5 –6n19
Dergue regime
5 –6n20 , 6 –7
Dessein
205 , 206
Deterrence
377 –378 , 404 , 405 –406
Direct Application of ihl
87 , 312 , 325 , 333 –334 , 337 , 343 , 345 , 371
direct application of ihl
312 , 325 , 337
direct involvement of state officials
276n214
disappeared deceased
141 –142
discretion to create judicial mitigating factors
418 , 418 –419n270
Double Counting
407 , 409 –410 , 430
Draft Criminal Code of 1989
215 , 242 , 386
Dual judicial structue,
6 –7n26
early release
390 –391 , 402 –403
Enforced Disappearance
36 –37n140 , 255 , 269 , 270 –271
Eritrea
46n15 , 49 , 51n42 , 54 –55
Eritrean Liberation Front
47 , 309 –310
Eritrean Penal Code of 2015
266 –267n162
Eshetu Alemu
31 –32 , 310 –311 , 421 –422n290 , 445n9
Eshetu Alemu
31 –32 , 310 –311 , 328 –330n120 , 421 –422
establishment of institutions of violence
276n214 , 278
Ethiopia
Armed conflicts
308 –310
International criminal justice
1 –2n2 , 2 –3
International treaties ratified
2 –3nn5-10 , 313 –314nn 27-29
Origins and history of
1 –2 , 4nn13-15
Peae keeping operations
1 –2n4
Ethiopian Criminal Law Network
28 –29
Ethiopian Democratic Union
97 , 309 –310
Ethiopian Jews
48 , 50 –51n42
Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Party (eprp)
9 –10n 33 , 16 –17n 64 , 48n27 , 61 , 151 , 152n55 , 156 , 245 , 298
Ethiopian Peoples’ Revolutionary Army
154 , 310
Ethiopian Peoples’ Revolutionary Democratic Front (eprdf)
10 –11 , 46 –47 , 53 –54 , 91 , 111 , 116 , 124 , 125 –127 , 293 –294
Ethiopian Television
97 –98n27
Ethiopian Trials
15 , 19 –20 , 140, 190 , 406 , 422 , 425 –426 , 441 , 448
Ethiopian War Crimes Commission
316
Ethnic groups
234 –235 , 240 –241 , 242 , 248 , 272 –273
European Convention on Human Rights
98 , 100
European Parliament
123 –124n158 , 127 –128 , 163n107 , 168 –169n132
Extradition
177 –178
Extradition, obligation to request
177
Federal Anti-Corruption and Ethics Commission v. Asmare Abate et al
175
Federal Prosecutor v. Engineer Hailu Shawul et al,
27 , 161 –162 , 162 –163n101 , 286 , 287 , 289 , 292 –293 , 294
Federal Prosecutor v. Gure uchala et al
141
Fédération Nationale de Déportés et Internés Résistants et Patriotes And Others v. Barbie C1.P31 n88
fdre Constitution
Article 13
166 , 220 , 234 –235 , 338 , 339
Article 15
64n111 , 165 –166n118 , 393n124
Article 22
234 , 338 , 344 –345 , 399
Article 28
78 , 80 , 95 , 131 , 133 –134 , 169 , 203 –204 , 338 , 345 , 391 –392
fdre Criminal Code
Article 270
202n66 , 318 –319 , 348 –349 , 358 –359 , 360n212 , 360 , 360 –361n244 , 361
Article 269
10 –11 , 197n40 , 202 , 208n111 , 217 –218 , 218n147 , 253n87 , 256 , 258 , 270 , 285, 399
Article 276
336 –337 , 345 , 347 –349 , 361
Article 316
64 –65n112
Federal Crimes Act of 1953
Fournet
259 , 287
franc-tireur
324 –325
Functional equivallence
20 –22 , 282 , 376
General Comment 31
35n136 , 181n208
general mens rea
252nn83-84 , 252 –253
Genocide through Rape-Trauma Syndrome (rts-genocide)
263 –264
Gereb
119 –120
German Border Guard case
231n216
Gesgese Gebremeskel Ateraga et al
395 , 422
Getachew Teke’aba
395
Grave willful injury
6 –7n28 , 71 –72 , 75 , 203 –204 , 259 –262 , 259 –261n133 , 368 –369
Group is central to
242
Guma,
119 –120n133
Hailu Burrayu et al.
381 –382
Harma Hodha
119 –120n134
Hawzien
102 , 353 –354
Heinous crimes
65 , 132
Hissène Habré
36 –37n140
Historically unjust relationships
130
House of Federation
6 –7n26 , 81 –82n196 , 141
icc Statute
Article 7(2)f
262 –263
Article 8(2)
312
Elements of Crimes
266 , 284 –285 , 363
ictr Statute
66n122 , 202 –203 , 380 –381
icty Statute
66n122 , 202 –203
In Absentia
6 –7 , 11 –12n46 , 140 , 170 , 170 –171n141 , 171 –172 , 172 –173nn 153-157 , 173 , 173n161 , 186, 285 , 310 –311 , 373 –374n2 , 374 , 376 , 376 –377n19 , 425 , 425 –426n315 , 437 –438
In part
90n2 , 98n29 , 131 , 210 , 211 , 215 , 217 , 241 , 251 –252 , 261 –263 , 267 , 271 –272 , 275 , 294 –295 , 296 , 297 –299 , 299 –300nn 355-356 , 302 , 416 –417n 255
In whole
98n29 , 131 , 210 , 211 , 215 , 217 , 241 , 251 –252 , 261 –263 , 267 , 271 –273 , 275 , 294 –295 , 297 –299
Individual circumstances
392 –393 , 447
Individualization
378 , 428 , 429 –430n342
Initial Penalty
408 , 409n 207 , 409 , 410 , 411n219
Inquiry commission
69n132 , 133 –134nn187-188 , 135 , 163 –164n109 , 164 , 164n111 , 165n115 , 168 , 169nn136-137 , 249n66
Institutions of Violence
146 –149n39 , 276 , 279 –280
Intent
204 , 204 –205n84 , 206 –208 , 213 , 214 , 215 , 251 –252 , 251 –252n80 , 252 –253nn 85-86 , 254n97 , 263 –264 , 271 –274 , 275 , 276 , 277 , 278 , 282 , 284 –285 , 286 , 287 –289 , 290 , 292 –293 , 297 , 298 , 302 , 303 , 304 , 306 , 363 , 369 , 440 –441
Inter-American Court of Human Rights
23
Inter-dependence
287 , 287n285
Internal Health
211 –212 , 251 , 256 , 296 –297
International case law
23 , 305 , 311 –312 , 439 –440 , 441
International comparative analysis
20
International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance
270 –271n 181
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
98 , 171 –172n151 , 235n227
Article 14
170 –171
Article 15
234 –235 , 340n157 , 340n162
International crimes, locus of the criminal prohibition
20 –22n87
International Criminal Court
2 –3 , 2 –3n6 , 20 –22n87 , 34n132 , 44 –45n7
International Criminal Law
14 –15 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 23 , 24 –25 , 38, 76 , 88 –89 , 95 , 169 , 239 , 296 , 431 , 432 –433 , 439 –440 , 444 , 448
International Criminal Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia
23
International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
18 , 18n72 , 91 –92n7
International Humanitarian Law
2 –3n5 , 23 , 66 –68n122 , 93 –94n12 , 100 –101 , 218 –219 , 232 , 233n222 , 311 –312 , 327 –328 , 328 –330n108 , 331n122 , 367 , 379n33
International Law Commission
200 –201n54
International Law Commission
200 –201n54 , 301n365
International Military Tribunal
172 –173n157 , 199 –200n51
Ituango Massacres v. Colombia
35n137
Jean Graven
2 –3n12 , 206 –207 , 209 –210 , 209 –210n120 , 318 , 321
Judge Medehen Kiros
416 , 418 –419n270
Judge Nuru
422 –423 , 424 –425 , 426
judge-made
411 , 422
judicial aggravating factors
425
Judicial System
93 , 436 –437
Kalbessa Negawo
30. , 185
Kayishema and Ruzindana
263 –264n150
Killing a civilian
358 –359
Klaus Dieter Baumgarten v. Germany
36 –37n141 , 340n160
Kononov v. Latvia
36 –37n142 , 340nn161-162 , 341 –342nn164-165 , 342 –343n169
Lack of Remorse
94 , 118 , 119 –120
Lata, Leenco
57
Legality
13n47 , 36 –37 , 105 , 232 , 233 , 234 , 312 , 337 , 338 , 339 , 340 , 341 –343 , 342 –343nn 164-165 , 343 –344n 167 , 345 , 392 –393 , 399 , 400n169 , 436
Accessibility
20 –22n85 , 29 , 183 –184 , 341 –342 , 342 –343n165
Foreseeability
341 –343 , 342 –343n165
Lex mitior
233 , 234 , 354 , 378 , 399 , 402 –403
Manifestly unlawful
312
Nulla Poena Sine Lege
344 –345 , 382 , 441 –442
Nullum Crimen Sine Lege
100 , 337 , 339 , 441 –442
Legesse Asfaw et al
155 , 310 –312 , 321 , 330 , 334 –336 , 353 , 354 –355 , 356 –357 , 358 –359 , 364 , 365 , 371 , 423 , 431 , 438 , 444 –445
lex posterior
219 –220n153 , 228 –229
life sentence
176 , 375 , 427
Luba basa
119 –120n134
Luis Alfredo Almonacid Arellano et al. v. Chile
34n133 , 35n137 , 36 –37n143
M.C. v. Bulgaria
34n127
Membership to political group
242 , 246 , 247 , 290 –291
Means of warfare
313 –314n28 , 328 , 345 –346 , 348 –349
Mekonnen Gelan et al.
145 –146n22 , 386 , 387 , 414 , 427 –428
Meles Zenawi
6 –7n 29 , 91 , 110 –111
Mengistu Hailemariam
6 –7n29 , 49 , 52n 48 , 111 , 151 , 157 , 178 , 277 –278n225 , 278n 228 , 279 –280n 235
Mengistu et al
8 –9n34 , 24 –25 , 79 , 84 , 99 , 178 , 198 –199 , 223 , 242 , 246 –247 , 275 , 394 –395
Mental Harm
211 –212 , 214 , 256 –261 , 269 , 282 , 305 , 381 –382 , 388 –389 , 398
Mens Rea
general
251 –253
Genocidal mens rea
253 , 254 , 263 , 267 , 272
Methods of warfare
314 –315n29 , 336 –337 , 345 , 347 –349 , 361 , 371 , 441 –442
Michu,
119 –120n135
Mitigating factors
378 , 394 –395 , 398n158 , 406 , 409 , 411 –412
motive
253 –254 , 381 , 382n47 , 383 , 396 , 414 , 434
Model Treaty on Extradition
181
Multiplicity
259 , 296 –297 , 318 –319n55 , 332n124 , 355 , 358 –359 , 420 –421 , 428n114
Ne bis in idem
36
Necessary measures against
227 –228
Nexus to an armed conflict
311 , 363 , 364 , 371 –372 , 386 , 444 –445
Non-retroactivity
36 –37n140 , 36 –37n143 , 105, 338
Obligation to prosecute
29 –30 , 35 , 133-134 , 36 –37n137 , 93 –94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 103 , 136 –137 , 201 –202 , 439 , 441 , 449
official commands
276n214
Ogaden National Liberation Front
48n27
Ordinary penal provisions
20 –22n87
Oromia Supreme Court
183 –184
Oromo Liberation Front
48 , 154 , 309 –310
Oromo-Gumuz
11 , 11 –12n44 , 14 , 24 –25 , 44 , 45 , 94 , 129 , 131 , 139 , 140 –142 , 170 , 175 , 233 , 236 , 253 , 287 , 373 , 374 –375 , 381 –382 , 438 –439 , 443
Peace
Absence of peace
328 –330n113
Anti-peace activities
136
International peace
73
Just peace
57
Lasting peace
56 , 130
Peace Agreement
56nn 69-71
Peace and Democracy transitional conference
53 –54
Peace and Stability
55
Peace call
108 –109nn 82-83
Peace talks
48 , 49 , 50 –51
Peace Treaty
316 –317 , 323
Traditional philosophies to peace and
120 –121
Unjust peace
57 , 58
Pecuniary Penalties
379 , 380 –381
Penal Code of 1957
2 –3 9 –10 , 71 , 75 , 97 –98 , 104 –105 , 197 , 198 –199 , 201 , 203 –204 , 207 , 208 –209 , 210 –212 , 214 , 215 , 218 –219 , 222 , 224 –225 , 226 –227 , 228 –230 , 239 –240 , 243 , 253 , 256 , 262 , 266 –267 , 270 , 326 , 384n63 , 386n79 , 402 –403
Article 282
71n143 , 79 , 100 –101n41 , 102n47 , 102n48 , 155 , 310n16 , 354 –355nn205-206 , 355 –356nn212-213 , 358n230 , 358 –360 , 362n247
Article 240
107
Article 119
108
Article 522
64 –65n147 , 74n166 , 229 –230 , 230 –231n213
Peoples’ Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
48 , 386 –387n 79
Personal Jurisdiction
38 , 143 –144 , 149 , 154 –155
Petty offenses
65 –66 , 81 , 385 –386 , 385 –386n74 , 398
Plan
16 –17n64 , 52 , 73 , 88 –89 , 97 , 136 , 161 , 163 , 204 , 205 , 206 , 207 , 207 –208n 106 , 216 , 217 –218 , 253 , 254n97 , 272 –273n187 , 272 –273
Political groups
19 , 71 , 97 , 98 , 99 –100 , 135 –136n191 , 157 –158 , 162 –163 , 173n163 , 195 , 211 –212 , 213 , 214 , 221 , 222 , 229 , 241 , 242 , 243 , 245 –246 , 273 –274 , 275 , 283 , 291 –292 , 369 , 374 –375 , 434 , 436 , 441
Political Legitimacy
91 –92n3 , 93 –94 , 123 , 125 –126 , 137 , 370 , 434
Politicide
19 , 71 , 97 –98 , 99 , 100 , 229, 435
Politicide
19 , 71 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 225 , 228 –229
presumptive mens rea
251 –252n82
Prevent Propagation
262
Principal Penalties
379 , 397 , 398
Principle of opportunity
105
Progeny
210 , 211 , 251 , 262
Progressive abolition of the death penalty
429 –430
pronouncements, and campaigns of violence;
276n214
Prosecutor v. Ahmad Al Faqi Al Mahdi
391 , 415
Prosecutor v. Akayesu
24 –25n94 , 237 –238n8
Prosecutor v. Brima et al.,
24 –25n100
Prosecutor v. Fofana et al
24 –25n100
Prosecutor v. Jelisić
271 –272n187
Prosecutor v. Krstić
287 –288n 288 , 289 –290 , 294 , 392
Prosecutor v. Kupreškić
292 –293n318 , 357
Prosecutor v. Lubanga
24 –25n101
Prosecutor v. Tadić
24 –25n103 , 102n49 , 311n22
Protected Groups
97 , 98 , 99 –100 , 131 , 195 , 204 , 214 , 217 –218 , 221 , 222 –223 , 240 –241 , 243 –244 , 248 , 292 –293 , 295 , 301 , 440 –441
Provisional Military Government
5 –6n20 , 79n1787 , 113n104 , 225n185
Public Security Protection Committee
279
R. v. Finta
20 –22n88
Rape
4n28 , 11n 44 , 154 –155 , 259 –261 , 262 –263 , 264 , 268 –269 , 318 –319n 55 , 375 , 390
Rape
6 –7n28 , 11n44 , 71 –72 , 100 –101n41 , 154 –155 , 202 –203n70 , 257 –258n119 , 259 –261 , 262 –264 , 268 –269 , 318 –319n55 , 375 , 390 , 420 –421
Rape Trauma Syndrome
263
recidivism
391 , 405 –406
Reconciliation
16 –17 , 49 –50 , 56 , 57 , 90 , 113 , 116 –117 , 116 –117n117 , 118
Red-Terror
150 , 151 , 152
Let the Red-Terror intensify
277
Red-Terror camaign
54 , 146 –149n 34 , 152
Red-Terror committee
115
Red-Terror Trials
8 –9 , 8 –9n33 , 19
redundant
262 , 264 , 304 –305
Regular Public Prosecutor
38 , 78
relatively small
295
restructuring institutions of violence
276n214
retaliatory genocide
268n169
retaliatory genocide
141 –142
Retribution
404 –406
Revised Special Penal Code of 1981
63 –64n107 , 108 –109n79 , 109 –110n83 , 159 –160n94, 215
Revolutionary Information Unit
277 –278 , 279
Rigorous Imprisonment
63 , 375 , 384 –386
Schabas
99 –100 , 210
scsl Statute
66n122 , 93 –94n12
Serious criminal offenses
64 , 64n111 , 393 , 393n125
seriousness of an injury
261 –262
service in peacekeeping missions
428
Shimglena
119 –120n136
Simple Imprisonment
63 , 326 –327
Sixth Committee, unga
191 , 242
slow death genocide
268 –269n170
Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples’ Regional State Supreme Court (snnpr sc)
255 , 387
special aggravating factors
420 –421
Special Court
108 –109n76 , 108 –109n78 , 159 –160
Special Court for Sierra Leone
61n97
special mitigating factors
397 –398n158 , 412 , 414
Special Penal Code
108 –109 , 159 –160 , 175 , 215
special prosecution office
160
Special Prosecutor’s Office (spo)
5 –6 , 60 , 61 –62 , 160
specificity of the crime of genocide
259
spo Proclamation
46 –47 , 62, 66 , 69 –70 , 70n139 , 73 , 73n157 , 76 , 76n174 , 77 –78
Article 6
70 , 73 , 74 , 143 , 146 , 149 , 199
Article 9
160
spo v. Abdulekadir Mohammed Burka
74 , 74nn165-166 , 374 –375n11 , 386 –387n85
spo v. Aman Gobena et al.
74 , 74n164 , 74n166 , 374 –375n11
spo v. Basha Bekele Fasil and Abera Lemma
73 , 73nn157-158
spo v. General Solomon Negussie et al.
72 , 72n154
spo v. Geremew Debele
221 , 237 –238 , 274 –275
spo v. Geremew Debele C1.P35 n95, C5.P96 n159, C6.P4 n7, C6.P92 n206, C6.P93 nn207–208
spo v. Kassaye Aragaw et al
415 –416n252
spo v. Melaku Teferra
179nn195-196 , 257 –258n119 , 394 , 422 , 426 –427
Srebrenica
293 –294n327 , 295n337
Stable and permanent
247n150
Starvation
333 , 355 , 359 –361 , 362 –363
Subject Matter Jurisdiction
62 , 65 –66 , 70 , 71 , 73 –74
substantiality requirement
295 , 299n335
Summary execution
18 , 59 , 60 –61 , 69 , 75n168 , 78 , 131 –132 , 157 –158 , 197 , 201 –202 , 242 , 259 –261n133
Tadesse Jewannie Mengesha et al
28n 112 , 141 –142 , 170 , 286
Tepe v. Turkey
34n131 , 43 –44n8
Tesfaye Nenno Loya et al
141 –142 , 253n88 , 254 , 255 –256n104 , 255 –257 , 286 , 303 –304n379 , 427n58
Tesfaye Woldeselassie et al
395 , 418 –419
Teshome Bayyu et al.
292 425
the Anglo-Iranian Oil Co. case
236
the dead is dead
117
the Dergue interrogators
268n169
Thomas Lubanga Dyilo
383
Tigray Peoples’ Liberation Front (tplf)
110 –111 , 125 , 129 , 309 –310
Tigray Peoples’ Democratic Movement
135 –136
Torture
75 , 257 , 259 –261n133 , 368 –369 , 398 , 424
Transitional Government of Ethiopia
5 –6 , 45n12
Truth
Historical truth
61
Judicial truth
61 –62
Tell the full truth
118
Truth and Reconciliation Commission
56 –57n71 , 57 , 118 , 120 –121n137
Truth telling
118 , 119 –120
whole truth
60 –61
Unfettered Discretion
407 , 417 –418n264 , 418
United Nations War Crimes Commission
314 –315n31 , 316 –317n44 , 361n239
Uniqueness of genocide
20 –22n89
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
59n86 , 87 , 171 –172n149 , 220 , 235 , 338 , 339 , 339n156
Unlawful arrest or detention
6 –7n28 , 71 –72
Unnamed defendants v. the Prosecutor
36 –37n146 , 339n154
Utilitarian
404
Velásquez-Rodríguez v.Honduras
34
Victor’s Justice
140 –141 , 140n5 , 142 –143 , 149 , 151n49 , 152 –153 , 154 , 156 –159 , 156n78 , 161 , 405 , 435
Waltajji Begalo
386 , 386n82
White-Terror
150 , 150 –151n46 , 151 , 153 , 157 –158 , 245 , 309 –310n14
willingness to apologize
121 –122
Wofelala
259 –261 , 259 –261n132
Wukro
102 , 102n50 , 332n124 , 353 –354 , 364 , 365 , 366 –367
Yosef Kiros
29 , 161n95 , 178n190
Zimbabwe, a safe haven
52 , 178