Index
Note: Baldus de Ubaldis is not included in this index.
Accoltis, Franciscus de
552 –553
Accursius
46n48 , 47 , 75n158 , 105 , 143 , 144n425 , 144n427 , 149 –150 , 166 , 198 , 263 –264 , 276 , 278 , 318 , 325 , 327 , 346 , 367 –368 , 369n246 , 372 , 373n254 , 408 –409 , 467n102 , 500 , 517n285
Adolf of Nassau, King of the Romans
144
Adorno, Antoniotto
154 , 155n463 , 331 , 332n99 , 333 , 401 –402n364 , 539
Ægidius, magister
567
See also
Fuscarariis, Ægidius de
Afonso iii, King of Portugal
116n311
Alanus Anglicus
75n158 , 84n189 , 96 –97n232 , 105 , 117n312 , 172n12 , 457n62 , 483n157
Albéric
51n69
Albericus de Rosciate
18n54 , 66 , 73n155 , 76 –77 , 78n167 , 100n245 , 145 , 166 , 214n167 , 215n168 , 222n199 , 271n367 , 274 , 279 , 285n423 , 292n445 , 297n460 , 298 , 300 , 302n477 , 314n33 , 315n40 , 322 , 323n69 , 339n129 , 410n386 , 414n402 , 417 , 451 –452 , 490n188 , 491n191 , 494n204 , 528n324 , 560n442 , 568n462 , 569 , 570n471 , 578n500 , 579 , 587n543
Albert i, King of the Romans
144
Albertus (quidam)
553
Albertus Papiensis
559n442
Albornoz, Gil Álvarez Carrillo de
90 , 120 –121 , 159 , 162 –163 , 167 , 569n468
Alciatus, Andreas
469 , 596n3
Aldricus
276
Alexander de Hales
445n12
Alexander ii, pope
351
Alexander iii, pope
87n203 , 212n156 , 248n291 , 507n249
Alexander the Great
374 , 403
Alexius iii of Constantinople, emperor
39
Alfonso x, King of Castile and Léon
98
Algés
383
Alighieri, Dante
35n9 , 65 , 66n127 , 73n155 , 77n166 , 78n167 , 100n245 , 144n426 , 221n193 , 527n323
Aljubarrota
383
allegory of the sun and the moon
73 , 116
alliances
423 –424
adhaerentes, definition
424 –428 , 440 , 534n344 , 592
adhaerentes v. vassals
428
adhaerentia v. subjection
428 , 430
effects on charges brought against, or punishment inflicted on, allies’ citizens
294 –295 , 304 , 414 –416
effects on people banished from allied cities
417 –418 , 433
effects on reprisals authorised in favour of, or against, allies’ citizens
418 , 432 , 576 –577 , 578n499 , 579 –581 , 589
extraditions between allied cities
299 , 304 , 416
league between Ancona, Fermo, Gentile iii da Varano, Guido Chiavelli and Francesco di Matelica (1389)
412 –413
league between Macerata, Francesco da Montolmo, Giovanni da Montelupone, Antonio da Monte Santo, Andrea da Montefano and Recanati (1396)
420 –422
League of Bologna (1392)
412n395 , 422n427 , 539 , 556
leagues as corporate bodies
410 , 592
league treaties as ‘contracts of strict law’
413 , 439 , 592
legitimacy of leagues
406
link between alliances and feudo-vassalic relations
419
prohibition of alliances with infidels
272 , 463
prohibition of alliances with the enemies of one’s ally
422 , 464
prohibition of alliances with the enemies of one’s feudal lord
186 , 200 , 590
rights and obligations of allies
418 , 461
submissions
121 , 315 , 390 , 401 , 417 , 430 , 592
submission by vassals
433
submission v. subjection
431 , 436 , 440
See also
Lombard League
;
treaties
Alseno
242n269
Alvarus Pelagius
65
ambassadors
actor
346 , 363 , 365
appointment
317 –319
capacity to accept or solicit gifts
328
compulsory nature of the office
319 –320 , 325 –328 , 336 –337
conflict of interests
333
credentials
337 , 349 –350 , 370
defensor civitatis
346
diplomatic immunity
338 –339
diplomatic inviolability
10 , 165 –166 , 268 –269 , 334 –338 , 339 , 581
diplomatic privileges
340 –341
ineligibility and exemptions from the office
320 –321
instructions
350 –351
nuntius and procurator
342 , 355n189 , 360 –363 , 370 –371
office of ambassador
310 –313 , 319 –320 , 340 –341 , 356 –357 , 364 –365 , 591 –592
procuration or mandate
348 –349 , 351 –359 , 370
right to a salary or a reimbursement for expenses
321 –325
right to compensation for losses
325 –328
right to send ambassadors
311
syndicus
346 –348 , 356 –357 , 360 –361 , 363 –365 , 368 –369 , 370 –371
See also
papal legates
Ambrose
502
Amedeo vi, Count of Savoy
436 , 536 –539 , 562
Amedeo vii, Count of Savoy
536 –538
Ancona
52 , 124 , 160 , 247n290 , 412 –413 , 578
Andrea da Montefano
421
Andreas de Barulo
350n170
Andreas de Isernia
99 , 100n243 , 101 , 173 , 184 , 199 , 214 , 235 , 568 , 571n476 , 575n489
Andrew, Duke of Calabria
249n297
Antoninus Pius, emperor
36
Antonio da Monte Santo
420
Antonio di Montefeltro
532 –533 , 535 –536 , 562
Antonius de Butrio
231n228 , 496 , 509
Apulia
112n288 , 223 , 480n146
Aquinas, Thomas
442 , 445 , 447 , 449n30 , 458n65 , 470 , 479n140 , 501n226 , 529n326
arbitration and mediation
75 , 116 –117 , 194 , 196 , 354 , 358 , 392n327 , 396 , 443n9 , 531 , 555 , 562 , 593
Arcadius Charisius
319n53
Arena, Jacobus de
77 –78 , 80 , 190n80 , 221 , 274n375 , 278n392 , 296n458 , 313 , 329n91 , 345n149 , 349n168 , 356 –357 , 360n214 , 460n73 , 549 , 550n402 , 550n404 , 554 , 563 , 567 , 568n461 , 578n502 , 587
Arezzo
162 , 293 , 335 , 435 , 553
Aristotle
34 , 35n9 , 35n12 , 57 –58 , 60 , 93 , 210 , 211n150 , 239n258 , 266 , 446 , 460 , 527 , 562 , 595n2
Aristotle, pseudo-
374
Arnulphus, magister
354n185
Arsendus, Raynerius de Forlivio
145n429 , 249n297 , 264 , 279n401 , 315 , 329n93 , 414 , 417 , 550n402
Arthur i, Duke of Brittany
96n229 , 129n360 , 171
Assisi
162 , 301n474 , 433n466 , 475n128 , 577n494
Asti
188n73 , 351 , 437 –438 , 455 , 470
Augustine of Hippo
56n85 , 446 –447 , 448n24 , 457 , 470 , 478 , 527 , 562
Augustus, Caesar Octavian, emperor
34 , 41 , 49 , 58
Auxerre
425
Avignon
62n108 , 76 –77 , 100 –101 , 115 , 119 , 326 , 477n134 , 532
Azo
96n229 , 129n360 , 139 , 142n418 , 144n425 , 171 , 189 , 207 , 213 , 248n293 , 251n302 , 276 , 285n423 , 291n440 , 343n143 , 372 , 373n254 , 398n351 , 410 , 411n388 , 456n59 , 520 , 526 , 553 , 554n415
Baglioni, Pandolfo
164
Balduini, Jacobus
277 , 278 , 281
banishment
7 , 165n507 , 231n233 , 262 , 270 –271 , 300 , 303 , 313 –315 , 339 , 417 –418 , 473 , 542 –544 , 549 –550 , 554 –556 , 562 –563 , 576 –577 , 579 , 588 –589 alliances, effects on people banished from allied cities
Barbatia, Andreas
30n84 , 185n64 , 198n112 , 506
Bartholomeus Brixiensis
74 –75n158 , 89n208 , 397n349
Bartolinis, Honofrius de
272n370
Bartolomeus de Novara
21n60
Bartolomeus de Saliceto
27n78 , 82 , 329n93 , 339n129 , 340 , 353n184 , 402 , 505n240 , 506 , 516 , 517n286 , 518n290 , 526
Bartolus de Sassoferrato
9n25 , 19 , 33 , 34n5 , 35n10 , 43n41 , 44 –51 , 53n74 , 56 , 59 , 66 , 68 , 69n139 , 71n148 , 82 , 118 , 121 –123 , 124n341 , 136 , 138 , 145 –149 , 151 –152 , 160n482 , 161 –162 , 163n493 , 166 , 167 , 201n114 , 205n127 , 206n132 , 208 –210 , 214n167 , 218 , 221 , 226 , 232 –235 , 238n255 , 240n260 , 246n285 , 250 –252 , 257 –260 , 261n326 , 263n332 , 263n334 –335 , 264 –265 , 267n352 , 270 , 271n364 , 271n367 , 274n375 , 278 –282 , 286n427 , 289n435 –436 , 291 –292 , 293n447 , 294 –295 , 296n458 , 298 , 300 , 302 , 311 , 314 –315 , 317n45 , 318 , 319n52 , 321 –322 , 323n68 –69 , 324 , 326 , 327n85 , 329n93 , 330 , 332 , 333n106 , 336n117 , 337 , 339n129 , 340 –341 , 344 –345 , 348 –349 , 350n170 , 353 –354 , 355n188 , 356n195 , 357 –358 , 362 , 369 , 371 , 373n256 , 388n309 , 390 –391 , 400 , 408 –409 , 414 , 415n405 , 417 , 426 –427 , 428n451 , 430 –431 , 432n462 , 434 , 439 , 442 , 447 , 448n24 , 452 , 453n45 , 461n78 , 478 , 481 , 491 , 499 –500 , 503 –504 , 509 –513 , 518n291 , 526 , 528n324 , 532 , 541 , 551 , 556 , 557n433 , 560n442 , 565n452 , 569 –578 , 581n511 –512 , 582 –589 , 592 , 595 –596
Basacomater de Basacomatri
568 , 578n500
Basil the Great
479
Bassianus, Johannes
43n40 , 139 , 144n425 , 213 , 369n246 , 461n79 –80
Beatrice of Portugal
386
Beauvais
227
Bellus, Petrinus
476n130 , 494n205 , 538n360 , 596n3 –4
Belviso, Jacobus de
173 , 176n30 , 184 , 199 , 219 , 270 , 299 –300 , 552n409 , 568 , 569n465 , 572 , 585 , 586n538 , 595
Benedict xii, pope
120
Benedict xiii, antipope
57n89 , 89
Bentham, Jeremy
1
Bergamo
76
Bernard de Rosier
309n10 , 342
Bernard of Clairvaux
557
Bernardus Compostellanus junior
160n484
Bernardus Papiensis
277 , 308 , 346n156 , 352n177 , 374 , 398 , 490n187 , 528n325
Bernardus Parmensis
41n32 , 70n146 , 309 –310 , 352n177 , 354 , 358 , 397 –398 , 483n157 , 503n236
Bertachinus, Johannes
490n188 , 491n191
Bertrand du Pouget
326
Bezemer, Kees
103
Biella
296 –297
Biscina
193
Bohemia
99 , 113n293
Bologna
27 , 51n69 , 96 , 101 , 120 , 219 , 299 –300 , 314 , 326 , 327n85 , 384 , 493n201 , 516 , 517n285 , 539 , 567n460 , 568n462 , 569 , 578n500 , 584n527
Boniface i, pope
57n90
Boniface viii, pope
62n108 , 64 , 103 , 115 , 207n135 , 278
Boniface ix, pope
89 , 402n364 , 533
Bonne of Bourbon, Countess of Savoy
538n359
Borgoforte
539 –540 , 556
boundaries
7 , 230 , 239 , 252 –254 , 259 , 284 , 301 , 591
crimes committed on a boundary
236 –239 , 252 –254
prohibition against the prescription of fines publici
507 –511 , 526
proof of boundaries
240 –246 , 259
See also
ius alluvionis
;
occupation
Brescia
544
Brittany
104
Bruni, Leonardo
274n375
Bulgaruccio di Ugolino da Marsciano
514 –516 , 526
Bulgarus
139
Burchard of Worms
479
Byzantine emperor
39 , 50 , 98
Byzantium.
See
Constantinople
Cacheranus, Octavianus
538n360
Cagapesto, Gerardus
179n40 , 182 , 184 , 190n80 , 199
Cagnano
243n276
Cajetan (Thomas de Vio)
458
Calasso, Francesco
95
Calderinis, Gaspar de
273n370
Campofregoso, Domenico
330
Campofregoso, Pietro
330 –331
Cane, Facino
435
Canning, Joseph
24n71 , 45 , 152
Cantiano
533 –536
Caracciolo, Riccardo
539
Carolus de Tocco
43n40
Carrara, Francesco il Vecchio da
558
Carrara, Francesco Novello da
542 –543 , 558 , 562 –563 , 593
Casale Monferrato
392n327
Casolis, Philippus de
294n448
Castelbaldo
465 , 558 –562 , 564
Castiglion Fiorentino
435
Castiglione, Christophorus de
538n360
Castiglione, Johannes de
538n360
Castracani degli Antelminelli, Castruccio
127n354
castrum (fortified place)
146n431 , 151 , 206 –207 , 212 –213 , 232n233 , 258 , 356 , 434 –435 , 440 , 549 –550 , 560
Castrum novum (Castelnuovo Fogliani?)
242n269
Cato, pseudo-
463 , 471
Cattaneo, Damiano
330 –333
causa
86 , 373 , 375 , 379 –380 , 388 –389 , 392 –393 , 400 –401 , 404 , 446 –447 , 456 , 475n129 , 480 , 527 , 547n395 , 556
Celestine iii, pope
269n355
Celsus
247n288
Cepolla, Bartholomeus
402
Cernitis, Petrus de
187n71
Ceva
437 –438 , 455 , 470 , 475
Chaplais, Pierre
364
Chappuis, Jean
8
Charlemagne, emperor
34 , 75 , 247n289
Charles de Bouville
536 –537
Charles Emmanuel i, Duke of Savoy
538
Charles iii (Charles of Durazzo), King of Naples
27 , 222n200 , 335
Charles i of Anjou, King of Sicily
504n239
Charles iv, emperor
33 , 66 , 76 , 120 , 121 , 126 , 156 , 162 –163 , 193 , 333n106 , 537
Charles the Bald, emperor
197n106
Charles v, King of France
536 –538
Charles vi, King of France
401 –402n364 , 405n366 , 536n355 , 538
Chester
232n235
Chiavelli, Guido
412
Chieri
435 –436
Childeric iii, King of the Franks
84n189
Chiugi
162
Chiusdino
216 –217
Cicero
174 , 273 , 342 , 457n60 , 596n3
Circe
87 , 88n204
citizenship
native
261 –262 , 265 –267 , 279 –280 , 289 , 302 –303 , 414 –416 , 418 , 517 –518 , 542 –544 , 577 –578
naturalised
261 –262 , 265 –267 , 302 –303 , 517 –518 , 577 –578
women married elsewhere
263 –265 , 577 –578
See also
alliances, effects on charges brought against, or punishment inflicted on, allies’ citizens, effects on reprisals authorised in favour of, or against, allies’ citizens, link between alliances and feudo-vassalic relations
;
combatants and non-combatants, citizens’ obligation to perform military service
;
reprisals, people entitled to apply for reprisals, people against whom reprisals can be carried out
;
residence (incolatus).
Città di Castello
28 , 162
civitas sibi princeps
145 –149 , 166
Civitavecchia
248
Clement iii, pope
115n305
Clement v, pope
65 , 76 , 82 –83 , 92 , 119 , 179 , 296 , 298
Clement vi, pope
66 , 120 –121
Coimbra
240 , 383
Colli, Vincenzo
25 , 30 , 222n200
Colorni, Vittore
38
combatants and non-combatants
citizens’ obligation to perform military service
474 –477 , 481 –482 , 497 , 592 –593
infantry revolution
483
mercenaries
476 –477 , 482n152 , 483 , 497 , 519 –521 , 526 –527
non-combatants
485 –488 , 498
responsibility of combatants
478 –479 , 497
soldiers’ rights and obligations
472 , 479 –481 , 495 –496 , 497 , 505 –506 , 522
stipendiarii
481 –482 , 495 –496n212 , 506n244 , 519 –521 , 522 , 526 –527
vassals’ obligation to perform military service
171 –173 , 181 , 199 –200 , 419 –420 , 474 –476 , 477n135 , 481 –482 , 497 , 590 –591
See also
Peace of God
;
war
Concordia
569n465
Conrad ii, emperor
92n221 , 129n360 , 169 , 189 , 194n94 , 197 –198
Constance, Peace of
38 , 86 –87 , 130 –131n367 , 140 , 144n427 , 145n428 , 146 , 149 , 151 , 153n455 , 154 –159 , 166 , 201 , 306 , 311 , 352 , 357 , 375 , 377 , 380 , 382 , 391 , 394 –395 , 407 , 409 , 411 , 413 , 468n105 , 490 , 495 , 541 , 555 , 557
Constantine i, emperor
139 –140 , 453
Constantinople
39 , 46 , 350n171
Constantius ii, emperor
64
Constitutiones Aegidianae
90 , 160 , 167
Corsica
251
Cortese, Ennio
376
Cortona
302n478 , 434n471
Cremona
516n285 , 579
Crescenzi, Victor
364
crusades
54n79 , 308n8 , 351n175 infidels.
Cynus de Pistorio
44 –45 , 66 , 70n143 , 73n155 , 77 , 78n168 , 79n172 , 80 , 82 , 83n185 , 103 , 144n427 , 146n431 , 149n446 , 155n463 , 205n127 , 205n129 , 220 –221 , 224n203 , 231n232 , 244n279 , 245n283 , 279 , 286n427 , 287n429 , 289n435 , 290n438 , 291 –292 , 294n449 , 295n456 , 296 , 297n460 , 298n463 , 300n472 , 302n477 , 327n85 , 329n93 , 330 , 343n143 , 345n149 , 346 , 349n167 –168 , 355n187 , 356n193 , 357n196 , 358 , 374n261 , 378 , 379n274 , 381n286 , 382 , 386 , 387n303 , 390 –391 , 392n328 , 394n340 , 403 , 434 , 450n35 , 451 , 452n41 , 460n73 , 480 –481 , 492 –495 , 503n235 , 550 , 551n404 , 560n444 , 561n445 , 595
Cyprus
108 , 330 , 387
Damascus
52 , 53n75
Damasus
483n157
Damian, Peter
351
Dauphiné
536 –537 , 552n408
David, King of Israel
337
Decius, Philippus
206n131 , 378n273
deditiones
552n409 , 555
defaulting debtors
271
Denis i, King of Portugal
383 , 384n293
de rato clause
351 –352 , 354 –355 , 359 –360 , 363
dignitas (royal dignity)
384 , 385n295 , 403 , 538
Diocletian, emperor
453
Diplovatatius, Thomas
19n58 , 596n4
districtus
37 , 166 , 202 , 205 , 249
Dolezalek, Gero
155
dominium directum/utile
170 , 455
utile dominium iurisdictionis
229 –230
See also
jurisdiction, iurisdictio directa/utilis
Donation of Constantine
48 –49 , 63n109 , 82 , 90 , 91n216 , 94 , 191 , 394n335
Doria, Stefano
385
Dubois, Pierre
103n252
Dumoulin, Charles
595n2
Dupuy, Gérard
164
Durand, Guillaume
22n62 , 78n169 , 85n195 , 101 , 102n249 , 109n281 , 149n446 , 153n458 , 161 , 172n13 , 178n36 , 179 , 192n89 , 207 , 214 , 215n169 , 225n208 , 245n283 , 271n367 , 286n427 , 297n460 , 300 , 301n473 , 308 , 309n10 , 318 , 326 , 343n143 , 346n156 –157 , 350n170 , 354n185 , 368 , 463n87 , 466n98 , 480n145 , 491n191 496n212 , 496n216 , 506 , 517n285 , 530 , 541 , 559 –560n442 , 568 , 595
Dynus de Mugello
238n255 , 244n279 , 264 , 314 , 324 –325 , 329n91 , 333 , 399n355 , 430 , 467n101 , 492 –493 , 494n204 , 505n242 , 542n376 , 559n442 , 595
Edward ii, King of England
103
Edward iii, King of England
104n257
enemy
46 –47 , 273 –274 , 313 –315 , 335 –336 , 414n402 , 448 –450 , 460 –461 , 473 –477 , 499 –501 , 503 –505 , 515 –517
See also
Roman law, lex Hostes
England
49 –50 , 52 , 95 , 98 , 108n277 , 111 , 117 , 281n405 , 382
Enzo, King of Sardinia
516 , 517n285
Eskil, Bishop of Lund
212n156
Étienne de Tournai
335n109 , 397n349 , 468n107 , 484
Eulalius, antipope
57n90
exile.
See
banishment
extradition
285 , 296 –299 , 304
See also
alliances, extraditions between allied cities
factions
6 –7 , 185 –186 , 199 –200 , 313 –316 , 541 –542 , 544 –546 , 579 , 593 –594
See also
war, civil war.
Faenza
539
Famagusta
330 , 387 , 403
Fano
579 –581
Fantutiis, Johannes de
273n370
Fasolus, Johannes
325 –327
Faure, Jean
44n43 , 104 , 286n426
Federico ii, Marquis of Saluzzo
536 –538
Feenstra, Robert
13
Feliciani, Matheus
272n370
Ferdinand i, King of Portugal
383 , 385 –386
Fermo
412 –413
Fernandus, Latin patriarch of Jerusalem
124n343
Ferrara
119 , 124 , 204 , 539
feudalism
29 , 168
binding character of feudal grants
107 –108 , 131 –133 , 137 , 176 –177 , 192 –193 , 387
definition of fief or benefice
169 –171 , 173 –174 , 175 –177
feudal bond between the pope and kings
88 –89 , 98 –101 , 115 –116
feudal bond between the pope and the emperor
74 –75 , 76 , 86 –87 , 88
fief de reprise
431 , 437 , 440 , 455
Giangaleazzo’s ducal titles
124 , 200
investiture
175 –177
liege fief
114 , 179 –180
prohibition against the alienation of fiefs
186
public character of feuda dignitatum
197 , 200
reciprocal obligations
175 –177
resolution of feudal disputes
193 –197
twofold nature of feudo-vassalic relations
168 –169 , 175
See also
alliances, prohibition of alliances with the enemies of one’s feudal lord, submission by vassals
;
combatants and non-combatants, vassals’ obligation to perform military service
;
fidelity, oath of
;
Pessanha, Lanzarote
;
treaties, Peace of Le Goulet (1200), peace treaties include vassals
;
war, vassal’s entitlement to wage war on his lord.
fidelity, oath of
by subjects
140 –142 , 165 –166 , 201 –203
by vassals
168 –171 , 173 –174 , 175 –178 , 179 –180 , 202 –203
Flanders
103
Florence
20 , 41n34 , 45 , 50 , 61n102 , 120 , 138n391 , 144n427 , 150 , 153 , 162n491 , 164 –165 , 167 , 266 , 281 , 283 –284n420 , 299 –300 , 303 , 335 , 339n128 , 365 , 416 , 417n408 , 422n427 , 424 , 430 , 453 –454 , 463n86 , 465 , 467 , 470 , 486 , 500 , 515 , 531n333 , 532 –534 , 539 –541 , 544n383 , 551 , 552n408 , 553 , 557 , 562n449 , 569n465 , 574n483 , 578 , 584
Florentinus
499n218
Florimondus (quidam)
521n300
Foligno
162 , 301n475
Fontanetto
242
Fossalta
516n285
Fossato di Vico
316n41
France
45 , 46n48 , 49 –50 , 56 , 69 , 71n147 , 88n207 , 95 , 97 , 98n235 , 98n237 , 101 –104 108n277 , 112 –117 , 144n427 , 172 , 177n34 , 178n36 , 180n42 , 191 , 194n97 , 200 , 212 , 220 , 227 , 248 , 297 , 351 , 379 , 382 , 383n291 , 401 , 402n364 , 433n468 , 488 , 498
Francesco da Montolmo
420
Francesco di Matelica
412 –413
Franciscus Accursii
219 , 294n450 , 431n461
frangenti fidem fides frangitur
177 , 396 , 496 , 557 , 591 –592
Frederick i (Barbarossa), emperor
8 , 32 , 37 –38 , 45 , 74n158 , 87n203 , 96n229 , 103n255 , 129n360 , 141 , 143 , 159 , 177n34 , 187 , 189 , 201 , 215 , 221n197 , 244n276 , 248 , 268 , 311 , 314 , 328 , 351 , 375 , 377 , 380 , 394 –396 , 406 –407 , 409 , 496n217 , 565
Frederick ii, emperor
32 , 82 , 84 , 85n191 , 87n203 , 99 , 113n293 , 118 , 142 , 157n469 , 244n276 , 269n357 , 273 , 406 , 408 , 425 , 462n85 , 472n117 , 473 , 509 , 516 , 565 , 568
Frederick of Habsburg, co-King of Germany
82
Fulbert of Chartres
170 –171
Fulgosius, Raphael
378n273 , 469 , 470n112 , 492n195
Fuscarariis, Ægidius de
347n160 , 567n460 Ægidius, magister.
Gabiano
242
Gabrielli, Francesco
532 –534 , 562
Gabrielli, Gabriele
532 –533
Gaius
53 , 105 , 498 , 499n218
Galeottus, Albertus
144 , 276n380
Gallus (quidam)
553
Gambarinus, Dulius
213
Gandinus, Albertus
144 , 271n367 , 285n423 , 291n440 , 297n460 , 554n417
Gandulfus (quidam)
188n73
Garatus Laudensis, Martinus
6 , 596n3
Gascony
111n288
Gavi
389 , 403
Gellius, Aulus
492n196
Genoa
119 , 124 , 153 –154 , 247 –249 , 253 , 254n310 , 257n319 , 259 –260 , 294n448 , 330 , 387 , 389 –390 , 401 , 402n364 , 403 , 433n468 , 539 , 568n462
Gentile iii da Varano
412 –413 , 421
Gentili, Alberico
13 , 464 , 470 , 486n171 , 596
Geoffroy de Villehardouin
351n175
Géraud
398n351
Giacomo i, Prince of Acaia
436
Gilberto i Pio
533
Giorgio il Nano, Marquis of Ceva
437 –438 , 455
Giovanni da Montelupone
420
Giovanni di messer Luca da Panzano
336
Giovanni di Mone
335
global governance
15 –16
Goffredus de Trano
243n273 , 346n156 , 352n177 , 483n157 , 496 , 528n325
Gonella
204
Gonzaga, Francesco, lord of Mantua
539 –540
Gordian iii, emperor
549
Gosia, Martinus
139
Grapaldis, Nicolaus de
222
Grassus (quidam)
581n514
Gratia Aretinus
347n160
Gratian
8 , 11n31 , 171 , 268 , 307 , 374 , 457 , 478 , 483 , 488
canon Dominus noster
566 , 570 , 572 –573
canon In apibus
108n278
canon Ius gentium
10n28 , 269 , 334 , 489n184 , 499n218
canon Ius Quiritum
52n69
Greenwood, Ryan M.
6 , 486
Gregory ix, pope
85n191 , 406 , 490 , 544
Gregory vii, pope
34n7 , 59 , 73n155 , 84 , 85n191 , 398 , 448
Gregory the Great
379 , 380n278
Gregory x, pope
248
Gregory xi, pope
126 , 164
Grewe, Wilhelm G.
4
Grimoard, Anglic de
27 , 125n343
Grotius, Hugo
2 , 13 , 441n2 , 458n65 , 486n171 , 596
Gualdo
162
Gubbio
193 , 390 , 393 , 403 , 434 , 532 –533
Guido de Baisio
81 , 85n195 , 186n68 , 221n192 , 408n378 , 426 , 432 , 433n466 , 490n189 , 496 , 527n323 , 569 , 571n473 , 574n482 , 595
Guido de Suzzara
144 , 238n255 , 278n392 , 286n426 , 376 –378 , 382 , 386 , 403 , 506 , 544n383 , 568 , 587 , 591
guilds
312 –313 , 357 , 582
Guillaume de Cun
44n43 , 104 , 108 , 112 , 208 , 209n143 , 210n149 , 221 , 225n208 , 278 , 280 –281 , 291n440 , 297n460 , 299 , 319 , 329n93 , 330 , 353 , 355 –356n192 , 356n193 , 451 , 452n40 , 461 –462 , 480 , 481n147 , 551 , 595
Guillaume de Montlauzun
8 , 104
Guillaume de Rennes
195n100 , 449 , 457n59 , 483n157 , 484n162 , 501n226
Guillelmus Accursii
516 , 517n285
Guillelmus de Drogheda
354n185
Gutis, Guido de
569 –571
Haggenmacher, Peter
6 , 13
Hanun, King of Ammon
337
Harcourt, Raoul d’
43 –44n41 , 102 , 286n426
Hawkwood, John
163
Henricus de Segusio
41 , 52n69 , 55n82 , 62n108 , 70n143 , 73n155 , 80 –82 , 83n187 , 85 , 98 , 99n239 , 113n293 –294 , 124n341 , 144n427 , 160 , 191 , 200 , 204 , 207n136 , 231n228 , 269n355 , 272n369 , 273 –274 , 277 , 293 , 308 , 322n64 , 339n128 , 346n156 , 348 , 350n170 , 358 , 398n351 , 408 , 432 , 433n466 , 444 , 445n12 , 447 , 449 , 459n71 , 472n117 , 473 , 474n125 , 483n157 , 489n181 , 507 –509 , 526 , 528n325 , 545 , 548n398 , 554n418 , 563 , 595
Henry ii, emperor
38n22
Henry iv, emperor
84 , 247
Henry vi, emperor
32 , 96 , 142 , 375
Henry vii, emperor
32 –33 , 46 , 50n64 , 65 , 76 , 82 –83 , 92 –93 , 100 , 103 –104 , 118 –120 , 195 , 221 , 284n421 , 298 , 300n472 , 399 , 409 , 514 , 516 , 591
heretics
49 , 51 , 55 , 63 , 75 , 94 , 458 , 462n85 , 483 , 487
Hermann of Metz
84n189
Hermogenian
104 –105 , 319n53
Homodeis, Signorolus de
378n273
Homodeis, Signorolus de, junior
236n251
Honorius, Flavius, emperor
57n90
Honorius iii, pope
52n69 , 71n147 , 107 , 240 –241 , 245 , 393
hostages
513 –514 , 520 , 554
Hrabar, Vladimir E.
2 , 3n6
Huguccio
39n30 , 74n158 , 84n189 , 89n208 , 172n12 , 174n24 , 277 , 335n109 –110 , 367n242 , 374 , 397n349 , 398n351 , 456n59 , 457n61 , 468n107 , 501n226
Huguccio Pisanus
368n246 , 553n414
Iberian Peninsula
95 , 98 , 117 Spain, Portugal.
Idanha-Guarda
97 , 240
Illionibus, Thomas (quidam)
387 , 403
Imola
539
imperial coronation
74 , 94 , 129
imperial vacancy
81 , 94 , 116 , 144n426 , 449 , 451
imperium (merum, mixtum)
40 , 62n106 , 109 , 110n284 , 143 –150 , 153n455 , 155n463 , 156 , 159 , 161 , 166 , 214 –229 , 245n280 –281 , 252 , 258 –259 , 284n421 , 284n424 , 355 , 401 , 437 , 448 , 582 , 589
individuals
7 , 12 , 14 , 29 , 303 , 316 , 367 , 371 , 543 , 546 –547 , 563 , 572 –573 , 577 , 585 , 589 , 593 –594
See also
combatants and non-combatants
;
citizenship
;
residence
;
infidels
;
Jews
;
conflicts of laws and jurisdiction
;
legislation, medieval imperial, Habita
;
peacemaking, amnesty and restitution clauses
;
pilgrims
;
prisoners of war
;
privileges of the clergy
;
reprisals
;
treaties, effects on individuals
;
war, defence of the innocent
infidels
50 , 54 –56 , 62 –63 , 94 , 272 –273 , 303 , 458 –459 , 463 , 471 , 478 , 483 , 489n181 , 508 , 509n254 , 513 , 523n309 –310 , 594
iniuria
457 , 466 –468 , 541 –542 , 563 , 564 , 570 –571 , 574 , 576 , 588
Innocent ii, pope
419
Innocent iii, pope
34n7 , 39 , 54 , 60n102 , 69 –71 , 73 , 75 , 81 , 90 , 97 , 269n355 , 290 , 358 , 397 , 406 , 425 –426 , 532 , 545 , 548
Innocent iv, pope
22n62 , 39n27 , 52n74 , 53 –55 , 62n108 , 63 , 67n134 , 71n147 –149 , 78 , 81n178 , 82 –85 , 105n265 , 106n270 , 108 , 116 , 135n386 , 143 , 159 , 160n483 , 181 , 191n85 , 194n96 –97 , 196n101 , 196n103 , 203n121 , 206n133 , 213 , 214 , 218 , 224 , 227n215 , 231n228 , 246 , 277 , 284n420 288 , 289n434 , 290n438 , 295 , 309 , 315 , 316n41 , 321n61 , 327 , 346n156 –157 , 348n162 , 366n240 –241 , 374 , 392n327 , 398 , 399n354 , 408 , 410 –411 , 422n428 , 425 , 428 –429 , 433n466 , 441 –442 , 446n16 , 447 , 449 , 453 –454 , 457n63 , 458n66 , 459 , 460n74 , 462n82 , 467n102 , 468 , 471 , 474 , 482 , 486n169 , 487n174 –176 , 497 , 503 –504 , 507n248 , 511 –513 , 516n282 , 524 , 544 –547 , 554n418 , 563 , 567 , 568n461 , 570 , 574n484 , 595
Innocent vi, pope
90
international law
1 –12 , 168 , 305 , 590 –591 , 594 –595 , 597
Irnerius
139 , 372 , 372n253 , 398n351
Isidore of Seville
10n28 , 273n372 , 334 , 393n332 , 456n58 , 457n60 , 489n184 , 490n186 , 499n218 , 502 , 553
ius alluvionis
232 –235
ius commune
16 –18 , 51 –53 , 93 , 95 , 99 , 111 , 138 , 145 –147 , 149 , 151 , 154 , 160 , 166 , 171 , 197 , 199 , 254 –255 , 261 , 271 , 279 , 282 , 286 –287 , 289 , 291 , 299 , 303 , 362n220 –221 , 363 , 365 , 391 , 406 , 437 , 463n86 , 577n497 , 580 , 596 –597
as a science of public governance
17 –18 , 279
ius fetiale
472n116
ius gentium
7 , 10 , 52 –55 , 59 , 62 , 91 , 97 , 104 –105 , 107 , 110 –111 , 115 , 117 , 123 , 138 , 153n458 , 172 , 184 , 224 , 233 , 247 , 272 , 295n456 , 334 , 372 , 373n254 , 377 –378 , 379n274 , 383 , 391 –392 , 393n334 , 456 , 469 , 475 , 476n130 , 481 , 489n184 , 498 –500 , 508 , 509n254 , 511 , 525 , 570 , 583 , 588 –590 , 592 , 594
ius naturale
7 , 10 , 54 –55 , 59 , 110 –111 , 115 , 132 , 176 , 178 , 192 , 247 , 272 , 300n472 , 314 , 372 –373 , 375 , 377 –380 , 388 , 392 –393 , 422 –423 , 433n468 , 455 –456 , 462 , 476 , 581n516 , 594
ius naufragii
273 , 274n374
ius revocandi domum
338
Ivo of Chartres
479
Jacobinus de Sancto Georgio
538n360
Jacobus de Ardizone
38 , 79 , 173n19 , 179 , 191n85 , 462n85
Jacques de Revigny
43 , 44n41 –42 , 45 , 102 –103 , 117n312 , 144n426 , 172 , 178n36 , 181 , 219 , 220n188 , 255 , 276n380 , 286n426 , 297n460 , 298n461 , 329 –330 , 332 , 449 –450 , 451n36 –37 , 456n59 , 480 , 493 , 494n204 , 495
Jason de Maino
373n256 , 461n78
Jean de Blanot
101 –102 , 172 , 178n36 , 179 , 181 , 191n85
Jean Le Moine
249n295 , 257n319 , 425 , 569
Jesus Christ
34 , 41 , 49 , 54 , 55n82 , 58 , 60 , 61n102 , 77 , 337 , 349 , 445
Jews
50 , 54 , 55n81 , 63 , 94 , 272 , 273n370 , 513
See also
infidels
Joanna i, Queen of Naples
222n200 , 223 , 249n297 , 458
João das Regras
384n293
Johannes Andreae
22n62 , 68n139 , 86n197 , 179 , 186n65 , 191n87 , 206n131 , 211n151 , 214n167 , 215 , 218n183 , 228n219 , 229n221 , 231n228 , 232 , 243n273 , 249 , 257n319 , 274 , 291n440 , 297n460 , 298n462 , 300 , 301n473 , 326 , 327n85 , 329n91 , 332n101 , 345 , 346n152 , 348n161 , 355n187 , 356n193 , 357 , 380n279 , 410 –411 , 425 –426 , 463 , 473 , 491n191 , 496 , 501n226 , 506 , 509 , 517n285 , 545 –546n389 , 547n395 , 555 , 569 , 571n473 , 595
Johannes de Deo
98 , 100 , 483n157
Johannes de Imola
441n2
Johannes de Legnano
27n78 , 51n65 , 66 , 178n36 , 179n38 , 181 , 263n332 , 273n370 , 337n121 , 442n3 , 453n46 , 459n71 , 475n128 , 477n135 , 478n136 , 480 , 481n150 , 482n152 –153 , 500 , 512n265 , 528n325 , 569 , 570n471 , 571n472 , 574n483 , 575n486 , 576n490 , 576n492 , 578n499 , 581n512 , 583 , 585
Johannes de Montegranatio (quidam)
273n370
Johannes Faventinus
457n61
Johannes Galensis
70n143 , 97n233
Johannes Teutonicus
40 –41n32 , 74 –75n158 , 84n189 –190 , 97 , 98n234 , 100 , 104n260 , 112n291 , 172n12 , 178n36 , 269 , 277n386 , 322n64 , 334 –335 , 350n170 , 352n177 , 367 , 374 , 397 , 426 , 444 , 456n55 , 457 , 463 , 502 , 532n336
John iii, Duke of Brittany
104
John i, King of Castile
383
John i, King of Portugal
112 , 383 –386 , 403
John ix, pope
287n431
John, King of England
69 , 96n229 , 171
John of Paris
66n127 , 77n166
John xxii, pope
33 , 65 , 76 , 77n166 , 78n167 , 119 –120
Julius Caesar
246
jurisdiction
acquired by custom or prescription
91 , 103 , 123 , 135 , 149 –150 , 152 –154 , 157n469 , 166 , 209 –210 , 219 , 249n297 , 252 –254 , 255 –257 , 259
conflicts of laws and jurisdiction
7 , 29 , 168 , 274 , 591
double prosecution and conflicts of jurisdiction
236 –239 , 299 , 304
extraterritorial jurisdiction
277 –278 , 280 –281 , 283 , 289 , 292 , 296 , 303 –304
forum loci delicti
285 , 414 –416
forum of the defendant’s place of origin
289
forum of the defendant’s place of residence
293
iurisdictio directa/utilis
106 , 211 , 228 , 284 , 285n422
prosecution of offences committed abroad by foreigners
294 –295
territorial jurisdiction
6 –7 , 15 –16 , 29 , 46 –47 , 106 –107 , 168 , 203 –212 , 274 –278 , 284 –285 , 287 –288 , 295 , 303 –304 , 315n39 , 416 , 549 , 585 , 591
See also
extraditions
;
legislation, medieval imperial, lex Omnis iurisdictio
;
imperium
;
potestas
;
Roman law, lex Cunctos populos
;
sovereignty
;
territory
Justinian, emperor
8 , 34 , 41 , 58 , 114n297 , 183 , 202 , 279 , 297 , 352 , 380 , 472 , 503 –504 , 547n395 , 565
Lands of St Peter.
See
Papal State
Larciano
553
Laurentius de Primi (Laurentius de Pinu?),
273n370
Laurentius Hispanus
69n142 , 74n158 , 84n189 , 444n12 , 457n62 , 501n228 , 502
law of booty
273 –274 , 441 –443 , 448 –450 , 472 –474 , 498 –501 , 525 , 592 –593
booty v. postliminium
505 –506
division of spoils
502 –505 , 525 –526
proportionality
501
See also
enemy
;
occupation
;
postliminium
law of the sea
246 , 259 –260 , 591
legislation, medieval imperial
Ad reprimenda
33 , 34n5 , 46 , 50n64 , 56n86 , 65n121 , 126 , 296n458 , 300n472
Capitular of Quierzy
197n106
De militum beneficiis
38n22
Edictum de beneficiis
129n360 , 169 , 189 , 194n94 , 197 –198
Golden Bull
76
Habita
103n255 , 268 , 565 , 581n513
Inconsutilem tunicam
462n85
lex Hac edictali
37n21 , 38 , 45 , 201 , 215 , 314 , 406 , 408 –409 , 439 , 496n217
lex Imperialem decet sollertiam
37n21 , 96n229 , 129n360 , 177n34 , 187 , 189 , 508n250
lex Omnis iurisdictio
37 –38 , 58 , 91 , 94 , 141 , 395n340
lex Palacia et praetoria
37
lex Regalia sunt haec
37n21 , 38 , 91 , 106n271 , 141
lex Tributum
37
Navigia
273n371 , 473
Omnes peregrini
269n357
Pacis cultum
566 , 568
Quoniam nuper
34n5 , 65n121 , 122n334 , 409
legislation, papal
70
Ad apostolicae dignitatis
85 , 425
Dictatus Papae
59n93 , 84
Fundamenta
90
Intellecto
107 , 393 , 394n335
Licet
81 –83
Novit ille
69 –70 , 71n147 , 84 , 194 , 554
Olim
449n29 , 453 –454 , 567
Pastoralis cura
65n121 , 82 –83 , 92 , 115 , 179 , 284n420 –421 , 296 , 298 –299
Per venerabilem
90 , 97 , 101 , 102n249
Pervenit
398 , 400
Quemadmodum
397 –398 , 400
Quod super his
53 –54
Romana ecclesia
86n199
Romani principes
65n121 , 76
Saepe contigit
65n121
Sicut
50 , 59 , 448 , 456 , 473 , 479 , 481 , 487 , 512
Si fratrum
82 , 119
Si quis Romipetas
268 –269 , 335
Solitae
39 , 51 , 73 , 116
Super specula
52n69
Ubi periculum
248
Unam Sanctam
62n108
Ut animarum
207n135 , 277 –278 , 280 , 286n426 , 287 , 289 –290 , 304 , 417n408
Venerabilem
34 , 40n32 , 75 , 81n178 , 84 –85 , 89 , 97
Lesaffer, Randall
19
Liazariis, Paulus de
290n438 , 296n458
libera administratio
354 –357 , 363 , 370
Liber Augustalis
99 , 462n85 , 568n463
Liparulus, Leonardus
575n489
Liutprand of Cremona
350n171
Livy
405n367
Lombard League
140 –145 , 151 , 153n455 , 155 –156 , 158n476 , 159 , 201 , 306 , 311 , 351 , 357 , 396 , 407 –413 , 468n105 , 532n338 , 541 , 555
Lombard, Peter
374 , 375n261
Lombardy
38 , 48 , 100n243 , 103 , 113n293 , 128 , 130 , 133 , 137 , 141 , 150n446 , 157 , 191 , 200 , 276n378 , 571
Lothar i, emperor
92n221 , 565n451
Lothar ii, emperor
187 –188
Louis iv (of Bavaria), emperor
33 , 65 , 66n125 , 76 , 77n166 , 78n167 , 82 , 104n257 , 119 –120 , 127n354
Louis i, Duke of Orléans
405n366 , 438
Louis i, King of Hungary
249n297 , 546n393
Lucas de Penna
78 , 100 , 101n246 , 214n164 , 215n168 , 320 –321n58 , 329 –330n93 , 336 –337 , 341 , 342n140 , 350n170 , 358 , 359n205 , 477n135 , 570 , 571n476 , 586n539 , 587n545
Lucca
127n354 , 306n3 , 514
Lucius iii, pope
232n235
Luni
127n354
Lusuolo
236n251
Macerata
420 –421
Machiavelli, Niccolò
120n325
Maffei, Domenico
66n125
Malaspina, Tommaso
193n92
Malatesta, Galeotto, lord of Rimini
579 –580
Malumbra, Ricardus
144n427 , 378n273 , 399 –400 , 480n144 , 549 –550 , 551n404 , 563 , 568n462
Manfred, King of Sicily
504n239
Mantua
422n427 , 485 , 486n172 , 506n244 , 539 –540 , 556
Manuel i Comnenus, Byzantine emperor
328
Marchionne di Coppo Stefani
335
Marcianus, Aelius
247n288 , 334
Marinus de Caramanico
99 , 100n243 , 568n463
Mari, Paolo
355n188
Marsilius of Padua
65 , 76n162
Martens, Georg Friedrich von
365n236
Martin da Canal
248n290
Masuer, Pierre
164n499
Matarellis, Nicolaus de
67n132 , 219 , 223n200 , 292n445 , 378n273
Maximian, emperor
453
Meijers, Eduard M.
281 –282
merchants
268 –269 , 273 , 313 , 316 , 488 , 581 , 594
Michelotti, Biordo
164
Milan
125 –127 , 138n391 , 162n491 , 189 , 197n105 , 200 , 248 , 328 –329 , 394 , 424 , 430 , 539 –540 , 555 , 557 , 560 , 564 , 569n468 , 578 –579n502
Modena
142 , 516n285 , 569n465
Montaldo
435 –436
Montaldo, Antonio
332
Montebodio (Ostra)
413
Montecatini
514
Montpellier
248n291
Muldoon, James
6
munus publicum
310 , 319 –320 , 323 , 327 , 341 , 475 , 477n135 , 497 , 576 , 580 , 588 , 592
Muslims.
See
infidels
Mussato, Albertino
76n162
Naples
27 , 222n200 , 223 , 247n289 , 326n81 , 458
natural obligations
10 , 373 , 393
Nicellis, Christoforus de
538n360
Nicholas iii, pope
90
Nicolaus de Cremona
568
Nicolaus Francischini (quidam)
416n407
Nicolaus Furiosus
369n246
Nocera
162
Nys, Ernest
2
Obertus de Orto
139 –140 , 170 , 173 , 182 , 184 , 187n69 , 189 , 190n80 , 199
occupation
295 , 304 , 423 –424 , 458 –460 , 501n226 , 507 , 526 , 592 –593
whether occupied territories are governed by their own laws or by those of the occupying polity
549 , 563 , 593
Odimira
383
Odofredus Denariis
38n26 , 41n32 , 70n143 , 70n146 , 79 , 143 , 149 , 150n447 , 155 –156 , 157n470 , 158 , 172n13 , 178n36 , 190 , 201n116 , 219 , 225n208 , 276n380 , 278 , 291n440 , 297n460 , 298n463 , 311 , 329n91 , 357 , 358n199 , 394 –396 , 409n383 , 412n394 , 456n59 , 462 , 463n86 , 500 , 528 , 541n372 , 553n412 , 555 , 565n452 , 582n518 , 595
Oldradus de Ponte
66 , 77 , 78n167 , 99 –100 , 214 , 216 –218 , 221 , 280n401 , 414n402 , 417 , 463 , 477n134 , 550 –551 , 552n408 , 556n427
Ompteda, Dietrich Heinrich Ludwig von
2n5
Orléans
103 , 144n426 , 164n499 , 219 , 240n262 , 278
Orvieto
418 , 514 –515 , 581n514
Osbertus de Cremona
237n254 , 238 –239n256
Otto iv, emperor
142 , 157n469
Otto of Brunswick, King of the Romans
75
outlaws.
See
banishment
Ovid
87 , 88n204 , 111
pacta sunt servanda
373 –374 , 554n415 treaties, duty to uphold one’s treaties and contracts
pactum nudum
373 –375 , 403 , 554n418
Padovani, Andrea
274n375
Padua
20 , 21n60 , 23 , 27n78 , 56n87 , 99 , 124 , 145n429 , 219 , 222 , 249n297 , 253n310 , 259 , 266n345 , 415n405 , 458 , 465n96 , 469 , 539 , 542 –543 , 549 –550 , 557 –561 , 563 –564
Pagliarensis, Johannes
19n58
Paolo di Lapo da Castiglionchio
429
papal intervention ratione peccati
69 –72 , 84 –85 , 94 , 193 –195
papal legates
60 , 307 –310 , 335 , 350n170
papal right to depose kings
116
papal right to depose the emperor
84 , 116 –117
Papal State
89 , 94 –95 , 99 , 120 , 124 –125n343 , 159
Papias
553n414
Paradisi, Bruno
3 , 275
Paris de Pozzo
518n290
Parma
36 , 156 –157 , 222 , 578n500 , 579
parties.
See
factions
Passageriis, Rolandinus de
441n2 , 529 , 567
Paucapalea
334n109
Paul (Julius Paulus Prudentissimus)
273n372 , 492 , 519
Paulus de Castro
193n93 , 250n298 , 373n254 , 430n457 , 453n46 , 596n4
Pavia
20 , 21 , 23 , 25 , 26n75 , 128 , 165n507 , 243 –244n276 , 266n345 , 267 , 291n442 , 326 , 386n298 , 415 , 538n360
peace
374 –375 , 562 , 593
amicitia
491n194 , 530 , 562
gestures of peace
530
pax and pactum
553
pax publica and pax privata
441n2 , 529 , 554 , 593 –594
pax v. concordia
528 –531 , 562
pax v. confoederatio
531
pax v. tregua
489 , 527
See also
Peace of God
;
peacemaking
;
treaties
Peace of God
488 , 498 , 581 , 592
See also
combatants and non-combatants
peacemaking
489 , 498
amnesty and restitution clauses
429 , 541 , 562 –563 , 593
peace made by city parties
314
See also
hostages
;
peace
;
treaties
Pennington, Kenneth
130 , 376
Pepin iii (the Short), King of the Franks
84n189 , 247n289
Pergola
390 –391 , 393
Perugia
19 –28 , 56n87 , 120 , 145 , 150 –151 , 153 , 161 –167 , 185 , 202 , 222n200 , 266 , 282 , 291n442 , 299 , 300n469 , 301n474 , 302n478 , 311 , 316n43 , 317n45 , 318 , 319n53 , 322 , 338n122 , 363 , 391n321 , 406 , 415n404 , 416 , 418 , 431 , 514 –515 , 529 , 539 , 546 , 555n425 , 568 , 574n485 , 578 , 581n515 , 586n538
Pesaro
579
Pessanha, Lanzarote
112 , 383 , 385
Pessanha, Manuel
383 , 384n293
Pessanha, Manuel ii
385
Peter ii, King of Aragon
545 , 548
Peter ii, King of Cyprus
330 –332 , 387 , 403
Peter of Eboli
514 –515
Peter the Chanter
101n247
Petrarch
33
Petruccius, Federicus
19n58
Petrus de Ancharano
231n228 , 402 , 496 , 509
Petrus de domini Albisi de Pisis (quidam)
294n448
Philip ii (Augustus), King of France
69 , 71 , 96n229 , 129n360 , 171
Philip iii, King of France
103
Philip iv, King of France
103 , 115
Philip of Swabia, King of the Romans
75
Philip vi, King of France
536n355 , 552n408
Piacenza
155 , 242 , 244 , 352 , 578 –579n502
Pierre de Belleperche
44 –45 , 66 , 70n143 , 73n155 , 103 , 107n276 , 220 , 221n191 , 244n279 , 278 , 286n426 , 289n435 , 297n460 , 298n463 , 302n477 , 343n143 , 345n148 , 349n167 , 450 –452
Pierre d’Estaing
164
pignoratio
565 –566
See also
reprisals
pilgrims
268 –269n355 , 335 , 488 , 594
Pillius de Medicina
142 , 170 –171 , 198 , 213 , 263n335 , 306 , 321n62 , 397n349 , 398n351 , 567n459
pirates
7 , 248 , 250 , 252 , 272 –274 , 303 , 327n87 , 386 , 410n385 , 499 , 574n483 , 594
Pisa
20 , 34n5 , 50 , 65n121 , 127n354 , 140 , 162 , 165 , 248 , 250 , 252 , 294n448 , 299n466 , 326n81 , 399n355 , 407n373 , 454 , 467 , 470 , 500 , 514 –515 , 516n282 –284 , 578
Pistoia
127n354
Placentinus
139 , 142n418 , 213 , 248n293 , 306n3 , 328 , 329n90 , 343n143
pluralism (legal and political)
7 , 16 –17 , 311 , 405 , 590 , 597
Poitiers
249n296
Pontanus, Ludovicus
402
Ponziglionis, Antonius de
538n360
populi liberi
47n52 , 109 –110 , 114n301 , 147 , 166 , 180n42 , 228 –229 , 469 –470n112 , 552n409
See also
civitas sibi princeps
;
rex superiorem non recognoscens in regno suo est imperator
;
Roman law, lex Cuntos populos, lex Hostes
Portovenere
248
Portugal
112 , 114 , 117 Iberian Peninsula
postliminium
47 , 273 , 442 , 450 , 469n112 , 472 , 499 –500 , 503 –506 , 512 –513 , 515 , 517 , 521 –522 , 526 –527 , 592
potestas
plena potestas
60 –61n102 , 128 –129 , 354 , 363 , 370
plenitudo potestatis
40 , 62n107 , 76 , 78 , 79n170 , 80n176 , 83n184 , 93 , 95 , 106 –107 , 109 , 112n289 , 128 , 133 –137 , 152 , 166 , 193 , 200 , 379n276 , 381
potestas ordinata/absoluta
60 –61n102 , 62n106 , 129 , 161 , 227n214
potestas suprema
37n18 , 41n35 , 60 , 73n154 , 79n170 , 106 , 117 , 224n203 , 228n217 –218 , 380 –381 , 448
summa potestas
62n106
potestas condendi statuta
138 –140 , 143 –148 , 159 –161 , 167 , 276 –277 , 283 –284 , 303 , 312 –313 , 315 –316
See also
Roman law, lex Omnes populi
Preiser, Wolfgang
3
Presbiteris, Ægidius de
273n370
Presbiteris, Hugolinus de
139 , 213 , 276
princeps
67n134 , 109 , 111 , 134 , 148 –149 , 152 , 160 , 220 , 270 , 382 , 393 –394n334 , 442n3 , 446 , 448 –449 , 455 civitas sibi princeps
prisoners of war
472 , 479 , 482 , 521 –522 , 524 , 526 , 592 –593
captives’ obligations towards captors
517 –521 , 526 –527
parallel with vassals
518
redemption of captives
316 , 499n218 , 523 –524 , 527 , 592
status of captives
10 , 273 , 337 , 455 , 498 –500 , 505 –506 , 512
See also
hostages
;
postliminium
private law analogies
11 –12 , 307 , 342 –343 , 370 , 375 –377 , 423 , 441 –443 , 452 , 492 –495 , 549 –550 , 551 –552 , 554n416 , 559 –560 , 591 –592
privileges of the clergy
49n59 , 64 , 148n441 , 175 –176n29 , 195n98 , 267 –268 , 472n117 , 477 –478 , 488 , 497 , 566
Proculus
405n367
provincia
143 –146 , 150 , 161 , 165 –167 , 578
Ptolemy, Claudius
73n155
public utility
68n137 , 382 , 393 –394 , 400 , 404 , 513 , 545 –548 , 581n514
pugna pro patria
463 , 471
Quaglioni, Diego
13
Queller, Donald E.
6 , 347 , 354 , 363 –364 , 371
Ragusa (Dubrovnik)
247n290
Rainerius Perusinus
285n425
Ramponibus, Lambertinus de
314 , 568
ratihabitio
359 –362 , 370
Ravenna
539
Raymond de Peñafort
98n237 , 109n281 , 195n100 , 444 , 445n12 , 447n22 , 449n29 , 456 –457n59 , 463 , 464n89 , 483n157 , 484n162 , 489n181 , 501n227
rebels
7 , 122n334 , 123 , 134 , 163 –164 , 224 , 225n207 , 314 , 336 , 434n471 , 442 , 468n105 , 576 , 588
rebus sic se habentibus
396 –397 , 399 –404 , 555 –557 , 591
Recanati
125n343 , 420
Reccared i, King of the Visigoths
380
Regnier, Elias
249n296
Regout, Robert
457n64
Reichberg, Gregory M.
6
reprisals
29 , 386 , 467 –468 , 471 , 555 , 564 , 593 –594
affect innocent people
570 –573 , 588
denial of justice
441 , 468 , 564 , 565n453 , 566 , 571 –572 , 574 –575 , 585 , 587 –588
execution of reprisals
585 –586 , 589
granting of reprisals
565 –566 , 573 –575 , 582 –585 , 589
necessary due to the absence of a superior authority
570 –571 , 588
people against whom reprisals can (or cannot) be carried out
267 –268 , 270 , 337 –338 , 577 –581 , 588 –589
people entitled to apply for reprisals
576 –577 , 588 –589
proportionality
586 , 589
redress against the original wrongdoer or the official responsible for the denial of justice
586 –587 , 589
reprisal as bellum particulare
572 –573 , 582 –583 , 593
wrong.
See iniuria
treaties aimed at regulating reprisals
404 , 405n366 , 564 –566
See also
alliances, effects on reprisals authorised in favour of or against allies’ citizens
residence (incolatus)
262 , 266 –267 , 271 , 279 –280 , 283 , 293 , 304 , 474 –475 , 542 , 576n490 , 578 , 589
See also
citizenship
restitutions
500 –501 , 503 –505
See also
peacemaking, amnesty and restitution clauses
Reuchlin, Johann
565n452
rex superiorem non recognoscens in regno suo est imperator
95 , 107 –108 , 117 , 179 –180
Reynolds, Susan
169n1 , 195
Ricardus Anglicus
96 , 483n157
Richard i (the Lionheart), King of England
96
Robert of Anjou, King of Naples
33 , 76 , 82 , 92 , 100 , 119 , 179n40 , 221 , 284n421 , 298 , 514 , 591
Roberto di Battifolle
429 –430
Roffredus Beneventanus
329n91 , 398n353 , 567n459
Rogerius
372
Rolandus de Lucca
18n54 , 140 , 142n418 , 263n335 , 306 , 321n62 , 448n26 , 567n459
Roman law
lex Barbarius Philippus
511
lex Cornelia de sicariis et veneficiis
479 –480
lex Cornelia Sullae de captivis
515
lex Cunctos populos
43 –45 , 51 –52n69 , 59 , 63 , 103 , 226 , 276 , 279 , 281 –283 , 286 , 287n429 , 289 , 303
lex Digna vox
376 –379 , 382 , 386 , 394n340 , 591
lex Ex hoc iure
10n29 , 104 –105 , 446 , 449 , 451 , 454 , 469 , 487 , 570
lex Extra territorium
207 , 260 , 277 , 289 –290 , 296
lex Hostes
47 , 50 , 59 , 114n301 , 229 , 273n372 , 446 , 499 –500 , 512 –515 , 526
lex Lucius
353
lex Omnes populi
53 , 138 , 145 , 148 , 160
lex regia de imperio
85 , 139 , 450
lex Rhodia
36 , 43 , 251n302 , 481
lex Ut vim
456n57 , 460 –463
Novella 52
565
Rome
32 , 162
Roncaglia, first Diet of
37n21 , 187
Roncaglia, second Diet of
37 –38 , 129n360 , 187
Rudolf i, King of the Romans
77n165 , 144
Rufinus
79n170 , 309n10 , 334 –335n109 , 457n61
Rufus, Servius Sulpicius
519
Rupert of the Palatinate, King of the Romans
128
Russel, Frederick H.
6
Sabinus, Masurius
492
safe–conducts
270 , 339
Sallust
548n397
Salvius Julianus
139
Sancho ii, King of Portugal
116n311
Sandeus, Felinus
241n265
Sandri, Gino
486
San Galgano, abbey of
216 –217
Saracens.
See
infidels
Sardinia
250
Savigliano
148 , 436 –437
Savoy
114 , 116 , 148 , 296 , 299 , 405n366 , 435 –436
Scaevola, Publius Mucius
334
Scaevola, Quintus Mucius
334
Schism
60
schismatics
63 , 94 , 487
Western Schism
27n78 , 57 , 59 , 88 –89 , 94 , 121 , 164 , 443n9
Scott, James Brown
2n5
Sellano
434
Sens
425
Serralta
390 , 403 , 434
Serra Sant’Abbondio
533
Sextus Pomponius
204 –205 , 258 , 334
Sicard of Benevento
247n289 , 565n451
Sicily
99 –101 , 108n277 , 115 , 179n40 , 190 , 193n94 , 504n239 , 566 , 571n476
Siena
149n443 , 150 , 153 , 162n491 , 165 , 167 , 216 , 293 , 336 , 434n471 , 539 , 578
Siete Partidas
98
signorie
118 , 124 , 136
Sillimani, Martinus
244n279
sovereignty
imperial sovereignty
36 –37 , 40 –42 , 46 –47 , 58 –59 , 97 –101 , 207 –209 , 212 , 214 –215 , 226 , 249 –251 , 256 , 258 –259 , 276 –277 , 283 –285 , 297 –299 , 375 –378 , 380 –381 , 510 –511 , 570 –571 , 590
papal sovereignty
59 –60 , 62 –63 , 93 –94 , 284n420 , 381 –382 , 393 –394 , 511 , 590
See also
civitas sibi princeps
;
imperial coronation
;
imperium
;
jurisdiction
;
legislation, medieval imperial, lex Omnis iurisdictio, lex Regalia
;
papal right to depose kings
;
papal right to depose the emperor
;
papal intervention ratione peccati
;
Papal State
;
populi liberi
;
potestas
;
princeps
;
rex superiorem non recognoscens in regno suo est imperator
;
Roman law, lex Cunctos populos, lex Hostes, lex Rhodia
Spain
97 –98 , 102 , 110 , 112 , 114 , 117 , 178n36 , 220 , 459
See also
Iberian Peninsula
Spinola, Luciano
385 –386
Spinola, Oberto
385 –386
Spoleto
124 –125n343 , 160 , 162 , 434 , 440 , 578
Steiger, Heinhard
4
Suárez, Francisco
10
succession to the throne
107 –108n277
Tancredus
69n142 , 82n179 , 84n190 , 293n446 , 318 , 346n156 , 347n160 , 352n177 –178 , 397n350 , 483n157 , 554n418
Tancredus de Corneto
144
Taranto
358
Tartagnus, Alexander
274n375 , 506n245 –246
Tartars
50
territory
201
See also
boundaries
;
jurisdiction
Theodosius i, emperor
183
Theodosius ii, emperor
336
Thomas de Piperata
314 –315 , 544n383
Tigrinus, Franciscus
19n58 , 250n298 , 354 , 355n188
Todi
161n484 , 162 , 315 , 416
Tommasino da Panzano
336
Tortona
243n276
Toulouse
104n259 –260 , 398n351
translatio imperii
34 , 39n30 , 40n32 , 75 , 84
treaties
6 –7 , 10 , 404 –405
aimed at solving conflicts of laws and jurisdiction
275 –276 , 303
concluded by city parties
314 –315
concluded by tyrants
124n341
concluded under duress
391 –392 , 403 , 536n351
Concordat of Worms
376n264
contract v. privilege
176 , 378n273 , 395n340 , 399 –400
duty to uphold one’s treaties and contracts
155 –156 , 159 , 175 –177 , 192 –193 , 273 –274 , 372 , 403 , 495 –496 , 519 –521 , 526 –527 , 553 , 563 –564
effects on individuals
367 , 371
foedera aequalia v. inaequalia
405
pactio Sicardi
247n289 , 564n451
Peace between Florence and Antonio di Montefeltro (1386)
532 –533 , 535 –536
Peace between Genoa and Cyprus (1374)
331 , 387 , 403
Peace between Venice and Genoa (1355)
253 –254
Peace of Bologna (1370)
163
Peace of Genoa (1392)
401 , 429 , 464 –465 , 539 –544 , 556 –557 , 558 , 560 –562 , 564 , 593
Peace of Le Goulet (1200)
69 , 96n229 , 171 , 189
Peace of Paris (1259)
189n77
Peace of Turin (1381)
253
Peace of Sarzana (1353)
162 , 424
Peace of Venice (1339)
557 –562
peace treaties as pacta publica
489
peace treaties include adherents?
425 –430 , 546n393
peace treaties include vassals
186 , 546
ratification of treaties
351n173 , 359 , 370 –371 , 430
succession to treaty rights and obligations
375 –384 , 387 , 403 , 557 , 559 –562 , 564
treaties between Sellano and Spoleto (1281, 1373)
434
treaty between Castiglion Fiorentino and Arezzo (1371)
435
treaty between Cortona and Siena (1360)
434n471
treaty between Genoa and France (1396)
401 –402n364 , 433n468
treaty between Genoa and the marquises of Gavi (1202)
389 , 403
treaty between Giorgio il Nano, Marquis of Ceva, and the city of Asti (1295)
437 , 455
treaty between Gubbio and Serralta (1234)
390 , 403 , 434
treaty between the commune of Savigliano on the one hand, and the count of Savoy and the prince of Acaia on the other (1349)
436
treaty between the lords of Montaldo and the commune of Chieri (1235)
435
treaty between Venice and Fano (1141)
579 –580
See also
alliances
;
Constance, Peace of
;
de rato clause
;
frangenti fidem fides frangitur
;
pacta sunt servanda
;
peace
;
peace
making;
ratihabitio
;
rebus sic se habentibus
;
reprisals, treaties aimed at regulating reprisals
;
truces
Triumphus, Augustinus
65
Truce of God
418 –419 , 488 –489 , 498 , 592
truces
375 , 498
breach of truce
495 –496
entitlement to conclude a truce
314 , 491 –492
indutiae, treuga and sufferentia
489 –491
relation with war and peace
489 , 498 , 527 –528 , 562
whether a new declaration of war is needed at the end of a truce
492 –494 , 498
Tudeschis, Nicolaus de
206n131
Turin
538
Tuscany
48 , 100n243 , 120 , 147 , 162 , 408 , 454 , 514 –515
tyrants
7 , 118n315 , 119 , 121 –124 , 125n343 , 130 , 137 , 225n207 , 571
Ubaldis, Angelus de
20n58 , 21n60 , 66 , 152n455 , 160n482 , 164 , 186n66 , 204 , 251 –254 , 255n315 , 256n317 , 257 , 260 , 268n352 , 270 , 274n375 , 301n476 , 318 , 322 , 323n68 , 333 , 337 –339 , 350n170 , 364 –365 , 410n384 , 410n386 , 412 –413 , 419 –422 , 427 –430 , 439 –440 , 469 , 471 , 474n125 , 490n188 , 491 , 492n195 , 504 –506 , 512 –513 , 517 –518 , 519n291 , 519n293 , 520n298 , 521n299 , 522n301 , 526 , 529 –530 , 539n361 , 546 , 560n444 , 570 , 581n513 , 592 –593
Ubaldis, Franciscus de
25 , 26n75 , 165
Ubaldis, Petrus de
272n370 , 363
Ubaldis, Sigismundus de
363
Ubaldis, Zenobius de
21n59 , 225n208
Uguccione della Faggiuola
514 –515
Ulpian
247n288 , 319n53 , 372 –375 , 379 , 553
Ulysses
35n9 , 87 , 111
universitas
189 –190 , 200 , 213 –214 , 218 , 258 , 281 , 295 , 313 –315 , 346 , 356 –357 , 365 , 367 , 369 –371 , 387 , 410 , 467 –468 , 471 , 511 , 544 , 560 , 572 , 588
Urban iii, pope
507
Urban v, pope
27 , 163
Urban vi, pope
27n78 , 88 , 125n343 , 164 , 193 , 222n200
vagabonds
271
Valdichiana
162
Valeggio
401 , 465 , 485 , 487 , 539 , 556 , 559 –562 , 564 , 593
Valentia (quaedam)
188n73
Valentinian ii, emperor
183
Valentinian iii, emperor
336
Valerius Maximus
330n93 , 358
Vallone, Giancarlo
212
Varro
204n126
Vegetius
480n145 , 486n170
Venice
48 , 51 , 124 , 153 –154 , 246 –249 , 251 –256 , 257n319 , 259 –260 , 266 –267 , 322 –323 , 330 , 351n175 , 399 –400 , 539 , 557 –559 , 561n447 , 564 , 565n451 , 566n457 , 579 –581 , 583
Venier, Antonio
579
Vercelli
296 –297 , 392n327
Verona
203 –204 , 465n96 , 469 , 506n244 , 539 , 557 –558 , 561 –562 , 564
vested right
282 –283
vicariates
81 , 94 , 118 , 134 –137 , 162 –164 , 309n11
Vicenza
266 , 538n360
Vignate, Ambrosius de
538n360
Villafranca in Lunigiana
236n251
Vincentius Hispanus
70n143 , 84n190 , 97 –98 , 100 , 456n59 , 483n157 , 496
Visconti, Azzone
76n163
Visconti, Bernabò
125 –128 , 134 –137
Visconti, Galeazzo ii
125 –126
Visconti, Giangaleazzo
20 –21 , 22n63 , 56n87 , 80 , 87 , 124 , 137 , 157 , 159 , 165 , 167 , 173 , 191 , 198 , 200 , 296 , 380 , 401 , 405n366 , 429 , 464 , 485 , 497 , 535 –537 , 539 –543 , 556 –562 , 564 , 596
Visconti, Giovanni
120 , 125
Visconti, Matteo i
119n323
Visconti, Matteo ii
125 –126
Visconti, Valentina
405n366 , 438
Vismara, Giulio
3
Volterra
127n354
war
10 , 101n247 , 555 444 –446 , 477 –478 , 497
avenging of injuries
457 –458
bellum
441 –443 , 451n39 , 456
civil war
314 –316 , 442 –443n8 , 541 , 579
declaration of war
472 –474 , 497
defence of the innocent
460 –461
defensive war
446 , 448 –451 , 452n41 , 456 –458 , 460 , 471
just war conditions
444
legitimate authority to wage war
446 –455 , 458 , 461 –462n80 , 466 –468 , 470 –471 , 500 , 592
moderamen inculpatae tutelae
453 , 456 , 484 –487 , 497 –498 , 555 , 592
preemptive defence
422 –423 , 463 –466 , 471 , 484 , 592
recta intentio (or animus)
444 , 446 –448 , 484
self-defence
448 , 453 –456 , 460 , 465 , 470 , 484 –485 , 487
unilateral v. bilateral justice of war
468 , 471 –472 , 592
unjust defense allowed?
182 –184 , 487 , 498
use of especially deadly weapons and deception in war
483 , 485 –487 , 497 , 592
vassal’s entitlement to wage war on his lord
195 –196 , 200 , 474 –475n128
war of aggression
458
war of recovery
456 –458 , 466 , 471
See also
combatants and non-combatants
;
enemy
;
law of booty
;
occupation
;
postliminium
;
prisoners of war
;
restitutions
;
Roman law, lex Hostes
Watt, John
85
Wenceslas, King of the Romans
80 , 125 –131 , 133 , 137 , 157 , 173 , 193 , 198 , 200 , 380 , 401 , 540
Westphalia, Peace of
2
Wijffels, Alain
6 , 13n37 , 18
William ii, King of Sicily
115n305
William of Ockham
65
William v of Aquitaine
171
Zachary, pope
84n189
Zazzi, Gualterino
243n276
Ziegler, Karl-Heinz
4 –5
Zouche, Richard
10 , 486n171 , 596n3