Figures
1 Map of the town of Rhodes in 1465, with the contemporary divisions of the langues. Gabriel 1921, 23 8
2 Map of the town of Rhodes in 1522, with the contemporary divisions of the langues. Gabriel 1921, 27 9
3 The town of Rhodes. Schematic drawing. After Manoussou-Ntella 2012a, 320; Luttrell 2003b, fig. 13 10
4 Remains of the church of St. John of the Collachium, Rhodes: 4a. View from northeast; 4b. View from the north. Photos S. Zoitou 14
5 St. John of the Collachium, plan. Lojacono 1936b, pl. 2a 17
6 St. John of the Collachium: 6a. Section. Lojacono 1936b, pl. 3; 6b. Graphic representation. Lojacono 1936b, pl. 4a 18–19
7 St. John of the Collachium, graphic representation: section, apse, and transept. Lojacono 1936b, pl. 5a 20
8 St. John of the Collachium, interior view from the west, 1828, lithograph after P. J. Witdoeck. Rottiers 1828, pl. 42 21
9 The niche of Aubusson’s tomb, 1828, lithograph after P. J. Witdoeck. Rottiers 1828, pl. 53 22
10 St. John of the Collachium: 10a. View from the west, 1828, lithograph after P. J. Witdoeck. Rottiers 1828, pl. 40; 10b. Detail with the arms of Aubusson 23
11 The tomb slab of the Grand Master Fabrizio del Carretto, 1828, lithograph after P. J. Witdoeck. Rottiers 1828, pl. 41 24
12 St. John of the Collachium, plan. Manoussou-Ntella and Ntella 2008, 46 26
13 Stained glass windows from St. John of the Collachium, 1828, lithograph after P. J. Witdoeck. Rottiers 1828, pl. 37 28
14 St. John of the Collachium, west side, 1828, lithograph after P. J. Witdoeck. Rottiers 1828, pl. 43 29
15 Niches that housed the statues of the apostles, 1828, lithograph after P. J. Witdoeck. Rottiers 1828, pl. 72 30
16 The church of the Annunciation, 1924/1925–1929, Mandraki port, Rhodes: 16a. View from the northwest; 16b. View from the west. Photos S. Zoitou 32
17 The translation of the hand of the Baptist at the palace in Constantinople, 12th century, manuscript illumination. Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional, VITR/26/2, f. 138r, http://bdh.bne.es/bnesearch/detalle/1754254 38
18a Reliquary with the Baptist’s hand, 18th century, Siena Cathedral. Popović 2017, 78 40
18b Relic of the Baptist’s hand, Siena Cathedral. Popović 2017, 79 40
19a Reliquary of the arm of John the Baptist, Paris, Musée du Louvre (on loan from the treasury of Perpignan Cathedral). Photo S. Zoitou 43
19b Lateral side with inscription. Photo S. Zoitou 44
20a The Ottoman ambassador presents the Baptist’s hand to the Grand Master, 1496, woodcut. Caoursin 1496 47
20b Two angels present the hand and an angel points out to the Ottoman ambassador that it is a gift to the Grand Master, 1496, woodcut. Caoursin 1496 48
21 The processional transfer of the relic to the church of St. John, 1496, woodcut. Caoursin 1496 51
22a Reliquary with the Baptist’s hand, 1756, watercolor drawing. Mdina, ACM 150, f. 19r. Photo S. Zoitou 53
22b Reliquary with the Baptist’s hand, 1755, engraving. Paciaudi 1755, 324 53
23 Reliquary with the Baptist’s hand, 1756, watercolor drawing. Mdina, ACM 150, f. 20r. Photo S. Zoitou 54
24 Reliquary with the Baptist’s hand, silver gilt, Topkapı Palace Museum, Istanbul. Aydin 2004, 151 57
25 Reliquary with the Baptist’s hand, gold, silver, and precious stones, Monastery of Cetinje. Sbutega 2016, 179 58
26 Case for the reliquary of the Baptist’s hand, 1689, silver and bronze gilt, St. John’s Co-Cathedral, Valletta. Photo S. Zoitou 59
27a Casts of a lead bulla of the Master Roger des Molins, Museum of the Order of St John, London. Museum of the Order of St John and the University of Birmingham 2016, CC BY-SA, www.bearersofthecross.org.uk/collections/getrecord/LDOSJ_3603 65
27b Casts of a lead bulla of the Master Guillaume de Villaret, Museum of the Order of St John and the University of Birmingham 2016, CC BY-SA, www.bearersofthecross.org.uk/collections/getrecord/LDOSJ_4567 65
28 Reliquary of the True Cross, silver gilt and wood, St. John’s Co-Cathedral, Valletta. Photo S. Zoitou 68
29a, 29b Reliquary of the True Cross, 1756, watercolour drawing. Mdina, ACM 150, ff. 14r, 15r. Photo S. Zoitou 70
30 Reliquary of the True Cross, after 1799, gold, silver, and precious stones, Monastery of Cetinje. Sbutega 2016, 178 71
31a Rhodian drachm, 360–340 BCE, silver. Image source: http://hno.huma-num.fr/browse?idType=683 84
31b Rhodian didrachm, 250–230 BCE, silver. Image source: http://hno.huma-num.fr/browse?idType=395 84
32 One of the two Rhodian Judas coins, silver and silver gilt, Metropolitan Cathedral Museum, Mdina. Photo by Mario Gauci, courtesy of the Metropolitan Cathedral, Mdina, Malta 85
33a The Judas coin kept in Malta, 1610, engraving. Bosio 1610, 72 86
33b The Judas coin kept in Malta, 1755, engraving. Paciaudi 1755, 408 86
34a The Judas coin kept in Santa Croce in Gerusalemme, Rome, 1610, engraving. Bosio 1610, 71 88
34b Reliquary of the Judas coin kept in Santa Croce in Gerusalemme, 1899, engraving. De Mély 1899, 506 88
35 A Judas coin, 1577, engraving. Rouillé 1577, 10 89
36 The sarcophagus of St. Euphemia, church of St. Euphemia, Rovinj. Wikimedia commons, CC-PD, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Saint_Euphemia_Sarcophagus_in_Rovinj,_Croatia_2006-08-28.JPG 93
37 The reliquary of St. Euphemia, Patriarchal Church of St. George, Phanar. Wikimedia commons, Andre Guerrero, CC BY-SA-3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:St._Euphemia_Reliquary.JPG 94
38 Altar in the chapel of the langue of Italy containing the relics of St. Euphemia, St. John’s Co-Cathedral, Valletta. Photo S. Zoitou 97
39a, 39b Reliquary of All Saints, chapel of the Anglo-Bavarian langue, St. John’s Co-Cathedral, Valletta. Photos S. Zoitou 101
40a The arms of the Master Villeneuve and the Papacy, 1828, lithograph after P. J. Witdoeck. Rottiers 1828, pl. 73.16 104
40b The entrance of the Grand Master’s palace with the arms of the Papacy and the Master Villeneuve quartered with those of the Order, 1858, engraving. Flandin 1858, pl. 23 104
41 The chapel, palace of the Grand Master, Rhodes. Photo S. Zoitou 108
42 The complex of the Grand Master’s palace, Rhodes, plan. Gabriel 1923, 6 109
43 The interior of the palace, view from the west, 1828, lithograph after P. J. Witdoeck. Rottiers 1828, pl. 18 110
44 The palace of the Grand Master, plans. Manoussou-Ntella and Ntellas 2004, 258: 44a. First construction phase of the ground floor (14th century–1480), chapel at position B; 44b. First floor (late 15th–early 16th century), chapel at position Y 112–113
45 Reliquary of the miraculous thorn, 1755, engraving. Paciaudi 1755, 406 118
46 The reliquary of the arm of St. Catherine, 1756, watercolour drawing. Mdina, ACM 150, f. 34r. Photo S. Zoitou 122
47 The earlier hospital, first half of the 14th century, Rhodes: 47a. East facade before the restoration. Gerola 1914a, fig. 78; 47b. East facade after the restoration. Italian Photographic Archive, Ephorate of Antiquities of the Dodecanese; 47c. East facade currently. Photo S. Zoitou 124–125
48 The earlier hospital, main ward of the upper floor, view to the east, first half of the 14th century, Rhodes. Photo S. Zoitou 126
49 The later hospital, plans. Karassava-Tsilingiri 1994a, pls. 112–113: 49a. Ground floor; 49b. Upper floor 128–129
50 The later hospital, great hall, 15th century, Rhodes. Photo S. Zoitou 130
51 The later Hospital, chapel, 15th century, Rhodes: 51a. The apse; 51b, 52c, 52d. Architectural details. Photos S. Zoitou 131–133
52 The later hospital, 15th century, Rhodes: 52a. East entrance; 52b. The dedicatory inscription. Photos S. Zoitou 133–134
53 Unidentified church on Thiseos St., Rhodes, plan. Gabriel 1923, 6 143
54 Unidentified church on Thiseos St., view from the southeast. Photo S. Zoitou 144
55 Remains of the church formerly identified with Our Lady of Victory, Rhodes. Photo S. Zoitou 145
56 The church formerly identified with Our Lady of Victory, Rhodes, plan. Gabriel 1923, 181 145
57 The church formerly identified with St. Pantaleon, Rhodes, plan. Gabriel 1923, 198 146
58 The church formerly identified with St. Pantaleon, west entrance. Gabriel 1923, pl. 37.9 147
59 St. Pantaleon, west entrance currently. Photo S. Zoitou 148
60 Plan of the Hospitaller complex formerly identified with Our Lady of Victory. Manoussou-Ntella and Ntellas 2019, 151, fig. 8 149
61 Remains of the Gothic apse in contact with the mid-15th-century walls, church formerly identified with Our Lady of Victory, Rhodes. Italian Photographic Archive, Ephorate of Antiquities of the Dodecanese 149
62 Reliquary diptych, Metropolitan Cathedral Museum, Mdina. Photo S. Zoitou 153
63 Reliquary diptych, 1755, engraving. Paciaudi 1755, 389 153
64 Reliquary icon, Monastery of St. John of Rila, Bulgaria. Bakalova 2001, 268, fig. 7 156
65 Bird’s-eye view of the town of Rhodes, ca. 1483, manuscript illuminations. Caoursin ca. 1483, Paris, Ms. Lat. 6067: 65a. f. 18r; 65b. f. 32r; 65c. f. 37v 159–161
66 The Siege of Rhodes in 1480, late 15th century, oil on panel, Hotel de Ville, Épernay. Hamon 2009, 332, fig. 1 162
67 Pinturicchio, Alberto Aringhieri, 1504, fresco, Chapel of the Baptist, Siena Cathedral. Wikimedia commons, CC-PD 163
68 The town of Rhodes, 1523, woodcut. Tsirpanlis 1991, 362, fig. 43 164
69 Salerno Cathedral, view from the west. Wikimedia commons, Berthold Werner, CC BY-SA-3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Salerno_2013-05-17_09-37-10.jpg 167
70 Map of Rhodes, 15th century, manuscript illumination. Buondelmonti [1420], http://eng.travelogues.gr/item.php?view=51698 169
71 Erhard Reuwich, Rhodes, 1486, woodcut. Von Breydenbach 1486 170
72 Map of Rhodes, ca. 1487, manuscript illumination. Grünenberg ca. 1487, Karlsruhe, Cod. St. Peter pap. 32, ff. 20v–21r 170
73 Maps of Rhodes, ca. 1470, manuscript illuminations. Martellus Germanus ca. 1470, London, Add MS 15760: 73a. f. 12v; 73b. f. 13r 171
74a St. Anthony the Abbot, church of Our Lady of Victory, Valletta. Photo S. Zoitou 174
74b St. Anthony of Padua, church of Our Lady of Victory, Valletta. Photo S. Zoitou 175
75 St. John the Baptist de Fonte, Rhodes: 75a. View to the east; 75b. View to the west; 75c. Spring with holy water; 75d. Western entrance. Photos S. Zoitou 178–180
76 Unidentified church on Kisthiniou St., Rhodes, 1828, lithograph after P. J. Witdoeck. Rottiers 1828, pl. 52 187
77 Unidentified complex on Kisthiniou St., Rhodes: 77a. Remains of the Greek church, view from the west: 77b. Remains of the Greek church and the Gothic chapel, view from the northwest. Photos S. Zoitou 188
78 Unidentified complex on Kisthiniou St., Rhodes. Manoussou-Ntella and Ntellas 2019, 157, fig. 12, 158, fig. 13: 78a. Plan; 78b. Graphic reconstruction 190
79 View toward the sea from Mt. Phileremos. Photo S. Zoitou 193
80 Plans depicting the construction phases at the site of the Phileremos’ sanctuary. Balducci 1931; Ntellas 2000b, 359: 80a. As drawn by Balducci, 1931; 80b. As drawn by Ntellas, 2000 196–197
81a The church of Our Lady of Phileremos, with Aubusson’s coats of arms visible on the corbels, 1828, lithograph after P. J. Witdoeck. Rottiers 1828, pl. 59 198
81b The interior of the church of Phileremos to the east, 1828, lithograph after P. J. Witdoeck. Rottiers 1828, pl. 60 199
82 The restauration of Aubusson’s chapels in 1919: 82a. South side before restauration; 82b. South side during restauration. Italian Photographic Archive, Ephorate of Antiquities of the Dodecanese 200
83 The church of Phileremos: 83a. View from the northwest; 83b. West entrance; 83c. Aubusson’s north chapel; 83d. Aubusson’s south chapel. Photos S. Zoitou 201–203
84 The church known as St. George Chostos, Mt. Phileremos: 84a. West entrance; 84b. Interior view to the east. Photos S. Zoitou 204–205
85 The church known as St. George Chostos, south wall, detail with knights and their patrons. Photo S. Zoitou 205
86 The church known as St. George Chostos, north wall, detail with supplicants and their patrons in the type of the Mater misericordiae. Photo S. Zoitou 206
87a The church known as St. George Chostos, east wall. Photo S. Zoitou 207
87b The frescoes on the east wall, 1828, lithograph after P. J. Witdoeck. Rottiers 1828, pl. 61 208
88 The decisive battle of 1480 at Rhodes with the miraculous apparition of the Cross, the Virgin, and the Baptist, ca. 1483, manuscript illumination. Caoursin ca. 1483, Paris, Ms. Lat. 6067, f. 77v 215
89 The Virgin Damaskini, 12th century (?), Greek Catholic church of the Virgin Damaskini, Valletta. Photo S. Zoitou 217
90 The Virgin Eleimonitria, 12th century (?), Greek Catholic church of the Virgin Damaskini, Valletta. Photo S. Zoitou 218
91 The Madonna of Phileremos with the riza, National Museum of Montenegro, Cetinje. Photo V. Scepanovic 221
92 The icon of the Madonna of Phileremos uncovered, National Museum of Montenegro, Cetinje. Ferraris di Celle 2009, 152, fig. 14 223
93 La Madonna di Filermo portata da Rodi, 1634–1639, Fabio Chigi’s aquarelle portfolio. Buhagiar 2017, pl. 3 225
94 A “dress” of the Madonna of Phileremos, 1756, watercolour drawing. Mdina, ACM 150, f. 218r. Photo S. Zoitou 227
95 Vladimir Bovin, copy of the icon of the Madonna of Phileremos, 1852, Basilica of Santa Maria degli Angeli, Assisi. Ferraris di Celle 1988, fig. 5 228
96 Vladimir Bovin, copy of the icon of the Madonna of Phileremos, photograph before the restoration at Rhodes. Ferraris di Celle 1988, fig. 12 229
97 Carlo Cane, copy of the icon of the Madonna of Phileremos, ca. 1930, church of Our Lady of Phileremos. Photo S. Zoitou 230
98 The icon of the Madonna of Phileremos, 1894, photograph. Sommi Picenard 1900, 217 231
99 The icon of the Madonna of Phileremos, 1932, photograph. Ferraris di Celle 1988, fig. 7 232