Index of Names, Places, Concepts
ʿAbbās i
29
,
126
,
137
Acapulco
151
Aceh
291
accommodation
30
,
37
,
51
,
125
,
144 –145 291
,
299
,
301
Acquaviva, Claudio
1
,
28
,
53 –54 56
,
110
,
119
,
298
Adams, Will
63
Aduarte, Diego de
166
,
171
Africa
3
,
7
,
22
,
38
,
47
,
275
Aguilar, Jaime
276
Ajaccio
189 –190
Albier, Joseph
254
Alden, Dauril
20
,
207
,
210
,
251
,
298 –299
Aldobrandini, Cinzio Passeri
126
Aldobrandini, Pietro
126
Aleman, Francisco de
219
Aleppo
134 –135 246
Alexander iii(pope)
249
Alexander vi (pope)
13
,
87
Alexander viii (pope)
129 –130
Alexandrette,
246
Alfaro, Francisco de
75
Almeida, Luís de
24
,
53
,
101 –102 106
,
110 –111 115
,
290
Almeida, Sebastião de
27
,
97
,
99 –105 107
,
109
,
111 –113 116 –118
Alvarado, Alonso de
167 –168
Amakusa, Hisatane (D. João)
111
Amakusa, Shigehisa (D. Miguel)
111
Andance
199
,
201
Andoku, Yasutoshi
109
Angola
11
,
22
,
283
Antwerp
1
Apulia
32
,
184
,
186
Aquinas, Thomas
249
,
257
Arce, José de
78
Arechavala, Domingo de
219
,
224 –225
Argentina
38
,
76
,
278
Arima
98 –99 106
,
108 –112 114
,
116 –118
Arima, Harunobu (D. Protásio)
106 –110 118
Arima, Yoshisada (D. André)
106
Arnaud, Antoine
208
Asunción
71
,
75
,
78
,
81
,
85 –86 89
Aubenas
187
,
189
,
191 –192 196
Augustinians
151
,
155
,
237
,
300
in India
28
,
126
in Persia
125 –126 137
,
142
in the Philippines
31
,
153
,
156
,
159
,
161
,
163 –164 166 –169
Ávila, Teresa of
132
Áviles, Pedro de
34
,
214
Ayutthaya
35 –36 237
,
254
,
259 –261
Azekari
108
Baçaim (Bassein)
15
,
251
Bagdad
244 –246
Barletta
195
,
197
,
199
Basra
29
,
128
,
133 –134 136
,
138
,
145
,
245 –246
Bastia
189
Beijing
146
Bembo, Ambrogio
134 –135 138
Benavides, Miguel de
164
Bernini, Gian Lorenzo
130
Bergamo
192
Bérulle, Pierre de
258
,
260
Biscay, Acarete de
86
Bolivia
76
Bollo, Diego de Torres
75 –78
Borghese, Maria Virginia
130
Borghese, Scipione
129
Borromeo, Federico
78
Borromini, Francesco
130
Bourges, Jacques de
35
,
237 –240 242 –248 252
,
259
,
262
Boxer, Charles
20
,
98
,
210
,
298
Brazil
17
,
19 –22 25
,
38
,
51
,
71
,
76
,
79
,
240
,
275
,
277
,
295
brokers
65
,
225
Chinese merchants as
167
,
170
cross-cultural brokers
154
Jesuits as
55
,
226
See also
go-betweens
;
procurators
Buddhism
36
,
63
,
250
,
259 –261
Buddhist temples as model for land ownership in Japan
27 –28 99
,
102
,
119
discussion with Buddhist monks
259
,
261
temples donated to the Jesuits in Japan
27
,
99
,
103 –104
Buenos Aires
26
,
82
,
86 –87 89 –91 275 –277 283
Bungo
98
,
100
,
106
Cabral, Francisco
19
,
101
,
110 –112 114
,
116 –117 119
Cadix
219
Calicut
7
Cambodia
166
,
241
Canton
51
,
65
,
163
Carlos iii (king)
90
Carvalho, Valentim
60
Carvalho, Lopo Sarmento de
64
Cebu
155
,
159 –160 166
Cerqueira, Luís
47
,
54
Cespedes Xeria Luís de
76
Cévennes
32
,
184
Charcas
75
Chardin, Jean
138
Charleville
32
,
184
,
189
,
200 –201
Chambéry
32
,
184
,
186
,
201
Chaumont-en-Bassigny
32
,
185
,
189
,
194 –196 199
Chigi, Agostino
130
Chigyō
28
,
112 –115 117
chiiki jiinn
119
See also
Buddhism
Chile
75 –76 87
,
277
,
282
China
14
,
30 –31 151 –152 156 –157 160
,
163
,
220
,
246
,
300
conversion of
30 –31 151
,
153
,
157 –160 163 –166 172
,
174
,
237
,
300
Jesuits in
37
,
65
,
97
,
144
,
220
,
293
trade with Japan
18
,
24
,
51
,
54
,
56
trade with the Philippines
30
,
155
,
158
See also
Sangleys
Cimino, Francesco, baron of Cacurri
130
Cirillo della Visitazione O.C.D. [Carlo Torazza]
138
Clement viii (pope)
126 –127 130
Clement ix (pope)
89
,
132
Clermont (diocese of)
199
Clèves, Henriette de (Duchess of Nevers)
186
Cobo, Juan de
165
Cocchi, Angelo
174
Cochin
291
Cochinchina
31
,
36
,
174
,
238
,
246
,
252
Coelho, Gaspar
107
,
110
,
113
,
118
Congregation (Society of Jesus)
General congregation
37
,
188
,
274
Congregation of procurators
37
,
274
Provincial congregation
37
,
81
,
134
,
273
,
277
,
279 –280
Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith
See
Propaganda Fide
connected history
10
,
146
Constitutions (Society of Jesus)
14
,
37
,
196
,
201 –202 214
,
271 –272 276
,
300
Córdoba
75 –76 86
Cornelio di San Giuseppe O.C.D. [Carlo Amatore Adeodato Reina]
136
Corsica
32
,
184
,
188
,
190
Cotolendi, Ignace
237
currency
82
,
219
,
247
,
252
markets
246
silver
245 –246
trading
248
,
252
See also
trade
daikan
57
,
61
,
108
,
112
Dasmariñas, Luís Pérez
166
debts
15
,
35
,
216
,
230
Jesuit colleges’
33
,
193
,
198
,
201
,
211 –215 228
,
231
merchants’
58
missionaries’
11
,
56
,
83
,
137
,
143
,
207
,
242
,
302
Deydier, François
237
Díaz Taño, Francisco
279
Dilao
172
Dimas della Croce O.C.D. [Giacomo Tonelli]
139
Discalced Carmelites
125 –127 130 –131 137
,
145
,
300
account books
128
,
133
,
136
convents
29
,
128
,
133 –138 143
,
145
economic activities
132 –143
in Persia
28
,
137
,
144 –146
links with the papacy
126 –127 130
Dominicans
230
,
237
,
250
,
254
in China
31
,
174
in Japan
25
,
61
,
165
in Persia
28
,
126
,
131
,
142
in Siam
35
in the Philippines
31
,
153
,
163
,
165 –171 240
in Zambezi
9
Doria (family)
190
East India Companies
7
,
20
,
35
,
135 –136 140
,
146
,
248
,
254
,
298 –300
encomenderos (encomienda)
145
,
25 –26 73 –76 79 –81 83
,
85
Este, Alessandro (cardinal of)
187
Eu
190
,
193
Europe
1
,
3
,
5
,
7 –14 19
,
21 –22 25
,
28
,
31
,
35 –36 51
,
55
,
64
,
71
,
73
,
78
,
80 –81 98 –99 113
,
124 –126 128
,
134 –136 138
,
140 –141 144 –146 183
,
211
,
217
,
222
,
237 –243 246 –247 261
,
280
,
283
,
289 –290 293
,
295 –297 300
farms
197
,
216
,
219 –220
estancias
26
,
38
,
83
,
275
haciendas
15
in Japan
107
,
115 –116
in Paraguay
38
,
83
,
270
,
272
,
274 –275 278 –279
Ferdinando vi (king)
90
Figueiredo, Belchior de
101
Fonseca, Pedro
214
,
229
France
31 –32 142 –143 183
,
185 –186 190
,
196
,
207 –208 217
,
222
,
237
,
246
,
248
,
258
,
260 –262 302 –303
Francesco Maria di San Siro O.C.D. [Antonio Gorla]
137
franchise
298
Franciscans
14
,
35
,
237
,
290
,
300
in Japan
9
,
18
,
24 –25 61
,
165
in Palestine
16
in the Philippines
31
,
60
,
163
,
166
,
172
Nagasaki martyrdom
31
,
61
,
165
rivalries with the Jesuits
19
,
60
Fróis, Luís
100 –101 108
,
112
,
114
Fuan
173 –175
Fujian (Hokkien)
31
,
156 –163 166 –167 169 –171 173
Funai
100
Funamoto, Bernard
60
funding
3
,
12
,
34 –38 125
,
132
,
190
,
240 –243 269
,
272
alms
18
,
36
,
133
,
135 –137 139 –141 229
,
255 –256 282
annuities
32
,
187
,
189 –191 193 –196 200
Carmelites
29
,
133
,
137
,
141
donations
9
,
13 –16 26 –28 32 –33 53
,
55
,
57
,
97 –109 111 –112 114 –120 143
,
189 –190 193
,
195 –196 199 –202 226
,
239 –243 263
,
296
from the Propaganda Fide
29
,
127 –131
insufficient
132 –133 139
,
141 –142 145 –146 186
Jesuits
3
,
24
,
32
,
34
,
53
,
58
,
184 –185 190 –192 198
,
274
,
278
,
291
,
296
See also
patronage
;
mounts of piety
Fuzhou
174
Gago, Baltasar
100
Gama, Vasco de
7
Genoa
188
,
190
Gévaudan
32
,
184
gift economy
29
,
135
Gion festival
101
Gnecchi-Soldo, Organtino
111
Goa
11
,
15
,
24
,
28
,
126
,
137
,
139 –140 143
,
254
,
296 –297 300 –301
go-betweens
49
,
165
interpreters
10
,
30
,
47
,
50
,
55
,
58
,
63
,
65
,
156
,
158
,
168
,
244
,
291
Jesuits as
24
,
49 –50
lay
211
mediators
23 –24 30
,
48
,
50
,
52
,
55 –56 61 –63 65 –66 158
,
161
,
165
,
171
See also
brokers
;
procurators
Gonzague, Louis de (Duke of Nevers)
186
Gonzague, Charles de (Duke of Nevers)
189
,
200
Grado, Lorenzo de
78
Granada
155
,
209
Gregory xiii (pope)
132
,
251
Gregory xv (pope)
127
Guangdong
97
Guangxi
97
Guairá
71
,
76
Guise, Henri de Lorraine (duke of)
190
Guo, Bangyong
173 –174
Hachirao
110
,
118
Hainan
97
Hault (family)
194 –195
Hakata
27
,
100 –101 113
Herrán, Jerónimo
275
Hinami
105
Hirado
102
,
108
,
165
,
175
hitojichi
115
Hōshōji
104
,
118
Hizen
98
Holy Office
30
,
141 –142 225
Hormuz
137
Huelva
217
Imago Primi Saeculi
1 –4
India
3
,
15
,
37
,
110
,
115
,
117
,
119
,
126
,
134 –135 137 –141 146
,
167
,
240
,
294 –295 299 –300 302
Banyans
144
diaspora in Persia
140 –141
financial specialists
146
Indonesia
241
Innocent x (pope)
208
Irala, Domingo Martínez de
71
Isfahan
29
,
126
,
131
,
136 –143 145 –146 245
Italy
31 –32 78
,
128
,
140 –141 183
,
185
,
190
,
197
,
199
,
210
,
217
,
222
,
242
Japan
2 –3 10 –12 18
,
22
,
24
,
27 –29 31
,
51
,
57 –60 63
,
98 –102 104 –105 107 –108 110
,
112 –115 117 –120 151 –153 164 –165 171 –172 254
,
297
,
300
Japanese community in Manila
31
,
167
,
172 –173
Jesuits in
2 –3 14 –16 18 –19 22 –26 36
,
47 –50 52 –58 62 –66 97 –99 102 –103 107
,
110 –112 115 –120 132
,
172
,
240
,
251 –252 290
,
293
Japanese rulers
56
,
57
,
61
,
64
,
98 –99 107 –110 112 –115 118
,
165
,
172
trade with China
9
,
18
,
25
,
47 –58 63 –65 115
,
156
,
164
trade with the Philippines
9
,
63
,
165
,
173
See also
merchants
;
trade
Jerome (saint)
249
,
255
Jesuits
1 –5 9
,
11
,
13 –239 47 –66 71 –92 97 –119 125 –126 132
,
142 –146 153
,
155
,
165 –166 172 –174 207 –210 222
,
224 –231 237 –238 240
,
242
,
250 –252 254 –257 261
,
270 –284 290 –293 295 –297 299 –302
anti-jesuitism
1
,
3
,
5
,
9
,
18
,
33
,
207 –208 230
,
255 –256 270
colleges
13
,
31 –34 87
,
101
,
110
,
173
,
183 –203 207
,
211 –231 272
,
275 –277 296
,
298
See also
China
,
congregation
,
debts
,
funding
,
Japan
,
Naples
,
Paraguay
,
Roman Curia
,
trade
jishi
106
,
118
jitō
106
João iii (king)
291 –292
Juan Thadeo de San Eliseo O.C.D. [Juan Roldán y Ibañez]
138
Kagoshima
2
,
99
,
297
Kakken, Uwai
108
Kanze
105
Kawachinoura
111 –112
Kazusa
109
,
118 –119
kinzei
100
Konishi, Yukinaga (D. Agostinho)
111
,
116
Kuchinotsu
106
,
108
Kurosaki
108
kuyaku
16
,
28
,
115 –119
Lallement, Louis
258
Lambert de la Motte, Pierre
36
,
237
,
254
,
256 –257 260 –261
Laneau, Louis
260 –261
Laos
241
Las Casas, Bartolomé
169
Lavalette, Antoine
11
,
33 –34 207 –208 302
Lavezaris, Guido de
160 –161
Laymann, Paul
255
Legaspi, Miguel de
157 –158 160
Leon Pinelo, Antonio de
78
Lima (council of)
87
Lin, Feng
160 –163
loans
58
,
216
,
222
,
230
from missionaries
35
,
141
,
227
,
242
,
302
to missionaries
213
,
215
,
227 –228 302
See also
debts
Lopes, António
110
López, Fabian
222
Loreto
76
,
79
Loyola, Ignatius de
185
,
188
,
202
,
207
,
255
,
271
,
293
Lozano, Pedro
77
,
79
Lucena, Afonso de
104
,
108 –109 113
,
115
Lumes
201
Luzon
156
,
162
,
166 –167
Macau
9
,
11
,
15 –16 25
,
31
,
48
,
53
,
55 –56 63 –66 97 –99 102
,
110
,
115
,
165 –166 173
,
256
Madrid
14
,
209
,
213
,
220
,
274
,
280
Madurai
293
Malacca (Melaka)
2
,
153
,
241
,
251
,
291
,
297
Manila
9
,
31
,
152
,
154
,
157 –161 163 –175 246
,
254
Manso, Giovani Battista (marquis of Villa)
198
Manrique, Francisco
164 –165
Mantua
190
,
195
Marín, Pedro
283
Marmol, Pedro de
34
,
214
Marseille
207
,
237
Martinique
11
,
207
,
302
Martins, Pedro
111
Mastrilli Durán, Nicolás
276
,
278
Masulipatan
245 –247
machitoshiyori
114
Megève
201
Mendicants
3
,
14
,
18 –19 25
,
30 –31 60 –61 87
,
137
,
144
,
151
,
153 –155 158 –160 163 –166 168
,
172
,
174
,
254
See also
Augustinians
;
Discalced Carmelites
;
Dominicans
;
Franciscans
Mendoza, Anna de (Marquise of Arienzo)
186
Mercado, Tomás de
230 –231
merchants
3
,
9
,
11 –12 20
,
22
,
30 –31 34
,
36
,
38
,
50
,
55
,
58
,
64 –66 86
,
89
,
101
,
134 –136 140 –143 154
,
159
,
165 –166 170 –171 211 –212 216
,
220 –227 247 –248 250
,
252
,
258
,
274
,
290
,
296 –297
Armenian
134
,
140
,
146
Chinese
30 –31 155 –159 161
,
166 –167 170 –171
Dutch
64
,
246
Japanese
24
,
48
,
49 –50 54
,
57 –58 60 –64 164
,
172
missionaries as
140
,
207
,
223
,
254 –255 262
,
296 –297
Portuguese
3
,
11
,
22
,
24
,
47
,
49 –58 60
,
102 –103 117
,
252
Mercier, Claude-Ignace
144
Mergui
246
Mexico
16
,
30
,
151 –152 158
,
165
,
168 –169 175
,
208 –210 221
,
225
Mézières
201
Mindoro
157
,
159
Mirandola
32
,
185
,
187
,
190
,
194
Missions étrangères de Paris (mep)
28
,
126
,
237
,
242 –243 248
,
250
,
252 –259 261 –262 301
Modène, Louis de (count of Montlaur)
187
,
189
,
196
Mogi
106 –109 112
,
118
Montesinos, Antonio de
169
Montilla, Francisco
14
Montoya, Antonio Ruiz de
73
,
79
,
88
moral
34
,
210
,
229 –230 269
,
283
,
288
economy
34
,
226
,
292 –293
philosophy
21
morality of trade and finance
17
,
19
,
37
,
216
,
257
,
263
,
275
,
294
mounts of piety
197
,
242
See also
funding
Mozambique
240
Muñoz, Alonso
165
Murayama, Toan
57
,
61
,
64
Muslim
conversion
28
,
126
population
140
,
157
relations with
22
,
29
,
140 –141 143
Nabeshima, Naoshige
112
Nagasaki
11
,
16
,
23 –24 27
,
31
,
47 –50 53 –64 66
,
98
,
103
,
105 –118 165 –166 173
Naples
city
32
,
184
,
190
,
198
Jesuit province of
187 –188
Negrón, Diego Martín de
75
Nevers
32
,
185
New Granada
221
,
225
New Julfa
29
,
134
,
136
,
143
,
145
New Spain
9
,
14 –15 219
,
225
See also
Mexico
Nicholas v (pope)
12
Nicole, Pierre
208
Nóbrega, Manuel de
19
Oda, Nobunaga
98
Ohama
101 –102
Oliva, Giovanni Paolo
81
Ōmura (clan)
53
,
61
,
99
,
103 –107 109
,
112
,
114
,
116 –118 119
Ōmura Sumitada (D. Bartolomeu)
16
,
24
,
53
,
98 –99 102
,
106 –107 109
,
115
Ōmura Yoshiaki (D. Sancho)
61 –62 104 –105 118
Ornano, Jean-Baptiste d’ (Baron of Aubenas)
196
Ōtomo (clan)
98 –102 117
Ōtomo, Yoshishige (Sōrin, D. Francisco)
100 –102
Ōuchi (clan)
27
,
99 –100 117
Ōuchi, Yoshinaga
27
,
99
Palafox, Juan
208
,
223
Pallu, François
36
,
237
,
242
,
254
,
256
,
258
Palmeiro, André
65
,
252
Paraguay
23
,
25
,
31
,
38
,
71
,
74 –75 221
Jesuits in
9
,
17
,
20
,
37 –38 76
,
269 –270 272
,
275
,
277 –278 280 –281 283
Jesuit trade in
38
,
80 –82 85
,
88 –90 275 –283
maté
25 –26 71 –86 89 –91 279
,
281
reductions
15
,
25 –26 72 –76 78 –86 88 –90
Paraná
25
,
71
,
76
,
79
,
85 –86 90
,
280
Paris
28
,
35
,
208 –209 237 –238 245
,
256
,
295
Pascal, Blaise
208
Pasio, Francisco
60
,
108
Pastor, Juan
283
patronage
12 –14 35 –36 240
,
250
,
260
,
302
lay
13
,
32 –33 35
,
119
,
131
,
185
,
192
,
237 –239 241
,
243
,
248
,
250
,
255 –256 260
,
262 –263 297
Padroado
12
,
29 –30 35
,
126
,
131 –132 137
,
237
,
299
Patronato
12
,
30
,
35
,
126
,
131
,
154
,
237
See also
funding
Paul, Vincent de
258
Paul v (pope)
88
,
129
Pereira, Duarte
224
Persia
125 –128 134
,
139 –140 142
,
146
,
245 –247
missions in
28 –30 125
,
130 –131 133
,
137
,
140 –145
Safavids
28
,
125
,
128
,
136
,
140
,
142
,
146
Peru
13
,
75
,
82
,
86 –87 221
,
246
,
277
,
280
Pessoa, André
62 –63
Philip ii (king)
170
Philip iii (king)
75
,
126
Philip iv (king)
212
Philippines
14
,
30
,
36
,
60
,
152
,
155
,
157
,
163
,
168
,
174
,
221
,
240 –241 257
Chinese community
159
,
164
trade with China
155
,
158
,
164
,
166
trade with Japan
173
Pires, Francisco
109
,
111
Pius iv (pope)
250
Pius v (pope)
87
Polo, Marco
151
,
174
Pondicherry
301
Ponz, Antonio
217
Portugal
12 –14 34
,
52
,
114
,
126
,
207
See also
patronage
Potosí
86 –87 167
poverty
143 –144 211
,
213
ideal of
18
,
37
,
255
,
270 –271 289
vow of
5
,
17 –19 185
,
207
,
249
,
251
,
256
,
260
,
269
,
278
,
290
Prato, Ippolita du (baronessa of Sava)
197
price
just price
38
,
279
,
281
silk sale
54
,
102
trends
87
,
89
price setting
38
,
54 –55 215
,
230
,
243 –245 281 –282
purchase and sale
136
,
190
,
220
,
246 –247 255
,
277
,
280 –281 300
See also
trade
procurators
14
,
23 –24 33 –34 37 –38 47 –48 55 –56 62 –64 82
,
119
,
137
,
142
,
213
,
215
,
221 –222 224 –226 228
,
231
,
271
,
273 –274 277
,
279 –283
See also
go-betweens
profit
3
,
7
,
9
,
15
,
18 –21 24 –26 38
,
52 –53 56
,
83
,
139
,
194
,
197
,
207
,
216
,
219 –220 240
,
246 –249 251 –252 256
,
262
,
271 –272 274
,
277 –278 282
,
288 –289 293
,
297
quest for
3
,
18
,
219
,
248 –249 252
,
262
spiritual
3 –4 248
,
297
See also
moral
;
price
Propaganda Fide
28 –29 35
,
127 –132 136 –137 141
,
237
,
242
,
255
,
259
,
299
See also
Roman Curia
Puebla
208
Quito
221
Rada, Martín de
31
,
156
,
158 –165 167 –168
Raisin, Antoine
138
Raymond-Modène, Marie de (countess of Montlaur)
196
Rethel
186
Rhodes, Alexandre de
143
,
238
Río de la Plata
75
Rioja
276
Rodrigues, João
11
,
47
,
55
,
60
,
62 –63
Roiz, Vicente
60
Roman Curia
Papacy
28
,
126 –134 142
,
146
Jesuit
37 –39 273 –274 277 –278 280 –281 284
See also
Propaganda Fide
;
congregations
Rome
28 –29 31
,
36 –38 97
,
110
,
119
,
126 –128 130 –134 137 –139 146
,
173
,
187
,
208 –209 213
,
220
,
224
,
231
,
237
,
239
,
252
,
255 –256 259
,
270
,
273 –274 277
,
279 –281 284
,
296
,
299
Roncherolles, Anne de
193
Rose (family)
194 –195
Ryūzōji (clan)
98
,
106 –108
Ryūzōji, Takanobu
101
,
108
Saavedra, Hernando Aria de (Hernandarias)
75
Safioye
60
Saint-Sanson Jean de
258
Salazar, Domingo de
168 –170 172
Salcedo, Juan de
161
Sales, François de
258
,
260
Salinas, Pedro
222
,
229
Salle, Jean-Baptiste de la
258
Salta
38
,
86 –87 278
Sanco
155 –156 159 –160 163
,
171
,
175
San Agustín, Gaspar de
164
San Eliseo, Thadeo de
138
San Giuseppe, Cornelio de
136
Sangleys
30 –31 157 –158 163 –165 167 –172 175
Santa Fe
26
,
82
,
86 –87 89
Santa María, Jacobo de
172
Santiago
79
,
87
,
90
Satsuma
98
,
108
Sava
197
Savoy (duke of)
186
Sepp, Anton
90
Seville
33 –34 207 –209 211 –213 215
,
217 –229 231
,
274
,
280
,
283
Shimabara
106
,
109
Shiraz
29
,
136
,
139
Siam
35 –36 237 –238 241 –242 245 –247 252
,
254
,
256
,
259
Smith, Adam
292 –293 299
Sollicitudo pastoralis officii, constitution issued by Clement ix (1669)
132
sōmachi
114
Sonogi
27
,
102
,
104
,
108 –109
Sotelo, Luís
165
Sousa, Fernão de
102
Spain
13 –14 34
,
76
,
90
,
151
,
164 –165 169
,
173
,
208
,
211 –212 214
,
216
,
222
,
230
,
246
,
251
,
283
See also
patronage
Spinola, Carlo
55 –56
Sumatra
156
Taira
105
Taiwan
173
Taranto
197
taxes
39
,
51
,
57
,
62
,
82
,
85
,
87
,
89 –90 100
,
103 –108 112
,
114 –117 119
,
170
,
212
,
220
,
241
,
245 –246 262
,
277
,
288
customs
26
,
35
,
88
,
134
,
209
,
245
,
247
,
262
See also
currency
;
trade
Techo, Nicolás de
78
Tenochtitlán
155
Texas
152
Tissanier, Joseph
254
,
261
Tizón
217
,
219
Tokugawa, Ieyasu
11
,
47
,
54
,
63 –64 165
Tokugawa, Hidetada
64
,
105
Tonkin
36
,
65
,
238
,
240 –241 246
,
252
tōnin
113 –114
Tordesillas (treaty of)
13
Torres, Cosme de
52
,
99 –100 103
toshiyori,
101
Tournon
189
,
191
,
199 –200
Tournon, Just-Louis de
189
,
199
Toyotomi, Hideyoshi
27 –28 47
,
57
,
61
,
98 –99 102
,
105
,
107 –109 112 –114 118 –119 165
trade
3
,
7
,
9 –10 15
,
20 –21 25
,
34
,
36 –38 64 –65 75
,
81
,
86
,
103
,
120
,
134
,
145
,
153 –158 164
,
167
,
170 –171 173 –174 207 –208 223 –227 247
,
250 –251 263
,
297 –300
condemnation of
17
,
22
,
29
,
36
,
89
,
131
,
134
,
140
,
230
,
249 –252 255 –258
cross-cultural
10
,
23 –24 47
,
50
,
154
,
175
global
7
,
9 –12 20 –21 25
,
33
,
48 –49 144 –146 155
,
167
,
212
,
220
,
248
,
289
,
299
maritime
3
,
21 –22 25
,
27
,
30
,
35
,
57
,
64
,
66
,
99
,
153 –155
missionaries’ involvement in
9
,
15 –16 19
,
23
,
25 –26 29
,
33 –35 53 –55 64 –65 79
,
81 –84 89
,
135 –137 139 –140 143
,
156
,
216
,
220
,
224
,
240
,
251 –252 254
,
280
,
289
networks
30
,
145
,
155
,
262
pepper
3
,
52
routes
3
,
7
,
12
,
14
,
50
,
56
,
64
,
85 –87 151
,
153
,
165
,
223
silk
3
,
9 –10 15 –16 18
,
23 –25 47 –49 51
,
53 –56 60
,
63 –65 98
,
102
,
132
,
159
,
251
slave
22
,
36
,
38
,
48
,
76
,
274 –277 282 –283
with non-Christian
22
See also
East India Companies
;
go-betweens
;
merchants
;
moral
;
profit
Trent (council of)
7
,
249
Tsukumi
102
Tucumán
276
,
280
,
283
Urakami
62
,
108 –109 112
,
115
,
118 –119
Urban viii (pope)
132
Uruguay
71
,
76
,
83
,
85
usury, canonical ban and practice of
141
,
230
,
242
,
289
Valignano, Alessandro
18 –19 24
,
27
,
53
,
55 –56 97
,
106 –107 110
,
113 –114 116 –119 251
,
290
,
298
Vázquez Trujillo, Francisco
277 –278
Veracruz
225
Viana, Juan de
277
Vieira, Antonio
64
,
250
Vieira, Sebastião
15
Vilela, Gaspar
100
,
115
Villar, Andrés de
34
,
213 –215 217
,
219 –220 222 –226 228 –230
Villar, Lorenzo de
224 –226
Vitoria, Francisco de
164
,
169
Vitelleschi, Muzio
38
,
276 –279
Vivarais
32
,
184
,
189
,
191
Wan, Kao
161 –164
Warnécourt
201
Xavier, Francis
2 –3 47
,
52
,
99
,
251
,
291 –298
Yamaguchi
27
,
99 –100
Yokoseura
27
,
102 –103 106
,
112
,
115
,
117 –118
Yukinoura
104
,
108
,
118
Zaballos, Diego de
79
Zacatecas
167
Zambezi
9
zōhyō
101
Zumárraga, Juan de
169