Index of Subjects
Admiralty, Admiralty law
56
,
88, 89
Alcazar
35
Almirantazgo
35
Almojarifazgo
35
Appeal, Appellate Court, Appellate judge
47
,
49
,
407
,
408
Arbitration, arbitrator
3
,
15 –19
,
45
,
406
,
407
,
421
Argumentation
see Legal argumentation
Asesor (legal officer)
57
,
71
Atlantic trade, Transatlantic trade
33
,
34
,
36
,
39
,
41
,
55
Auction
371
,
387
Audiencia
39
,
47
,
49
,
50
,
77
,
214
Averia (average tax)
35
,
46
Balance of trade
see Trade balance
Bank, banker, banking
13
,
19
,
181
,
183
,
185
,
196
,
199
,
212
,
227
,
228
,
240
,
291
,
404
,
415
,
416
Bankruptcy, bankruptcy law
6
,
49
,
88
,
103 –108
,
212
,
226 –229
,
236
,
285
,
319
,
408
,
409
,
412
,
421 –423
Beijing Convention (1860)
365
,
366
Berlin (Congo) Conference and Act, (1885)
295
,
325
,
337
,
412
Bill of exchange
116
,
125
Blockade
55
,
410
Board of Trade and Plantations
84
,
86
,
90
,
93
,
104
,
106
,
133
,
195
Bona fides
49
,
212
,
406
Bookkeeping
6
,
37
,
49
,
212
,
226 –229
,
238
,
422
Bottomry loan
10
,
17
Boxer rebellion
344 –346
,
350
,
351
Boycott
6
,
222
,
235 –242
Brussels Convention and General Act (1890)
295
,
337
,
412
Bubble Act (1720)
87
,
117
,
118
Bullionism
144
,
149
,
152
,
155
,
156
Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch
315
By-law
375
Calico Act (1701), Calico controversy
148
,
153
,
156
,
164
Capitalism
119
,
313
,
400
Capitulaciones de Santa Fe (1492)
33
Capitulation
362
,
407
Carrera de Indias
35
,
36
,
39
,
41
,
46
Casa de Contratación
3
,
35
,
36 –41
,
46
,
47
,
403
Chamber of Commerce
270
,
298
,
335
,
369
,
421 –424
Charter, charter company
117
,
164
,
283
,
311
Citizenship
11
,
24
,
27
,
69
,
222
,
232
Civil Code
209
,
216
Code civil, Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch
Civil Code of Lower Canada
84
,
89
,
90
,
114
,
121
,
124
Civil Code of Quebec
123
,
417
Civil Law
5
,
84
,
88
,
91
,
110
,
112
,
120
,
173
,
174
,
208
,
224
,
225
,
232
Codification
86
,
87
,
121
,
122
,
226
Code civil (1804)
123
Code of Commerce
208
,
209
,
215
,
216 –219
,
315
,
405
,
415
,
417
Ordonnance sur le commerce (1680)
Colbertism
86
Colonial Department, Colonial Office
7
,
90
,
283
,
290
,
292
,
404
Colonial law
6
,
69
,
92
,
113
,
114
,
22
,
295
,
299
,
316
,
349
,
361
,
397
,
399 –402
,
411
,
413
Colony
see extractive colony, settlers colony
Commercial court, commercial jurisdiction, commercial tribunal
35
,
45
,
48
,
51
,
215
,
406
Commercial law
1 –6
,
9
,
22
,
23
,
31
,
52
,
81
,
84 –92
,
111
,
120 –125
,
221
,
224
,
225
,
290
,
291
,
309
,
314
,
316
,
336
,
342
,
402
,
405
,
408
,
409
,
413 –418
,
421
,
422
Lex mercatoria
Common Law
4
,
5
,
84
,
88
,
92
,
110
,
112
,
114
,
173
,
174
,
208
,
213
,
217
,
416
,
417
Common Pleas
95
,
109
,
111
,
126
Companies Act
see English Companies Act, Indian Companies Act
Company
see Concession company, Limited liability company, Listed company, No liability company, Registered company
Compilation of Laws of the Kingdoms of the Indies
39
Concession company, concession system
8
,
309
,
310
,
317
,
333
,
340
,
342
,
351 –353
,
364
,
373 –375
,
379
,
380
,
423
Confiscation
42
,
70
,
399
Constitutio Antoniniana (212 ad)
24
Consulado de Cargadores a Indias
46
Consul, Consulate
4
,
38
,
44 –50
,
214
,
215
,
309
,
355
,
356
,
360
,
364
,
365
,
369
,
371 –377
,
380
,
381
,
402
,
406 –408
,
420
,
421
Consular jurisdiction, consular law, consulate court
44
,
48
,
359
,
361
,
367
,
374
Contador, Contaduria
64
,
76 –79
,
82
Contraband
42
,
43
,
324
Contract
29
,
46
,
400
Maritime contract
Convention
see Beijing Convention
Convoy, convoy system
40
,
42
Corporate governance
245
,
246
,
256
Corporate law
7
,
118
,
119
,
173
,
245
,
264 –267
,
272
,
276 –278
,
405
Corporation, corporation law
87
,
117
,
119
,
123
,
217 –219
,
245
,
310
,
408
Joint stock corporation
Corregidor
39
Corruption
170
,
171
Council of the Indies
38
Court
see Appellate court, Court of judicature, Dikasterion, Democratic court, Indiginous court, Juzgado de Bienes de Difuntos, Mining court, Mixed court, Supreme court, Trade court, Landraad, Raad van Justitie,
Real Tribunal y Audiencia de Cuentas
Court of judicature
96
,
97
Credibility
12
,
20
Credit system
303
,
305
,
308
Coutume de Paris
96
,
121
Cultuurstelsel (Cultivation system)
207
,
223
Customary law
3
,
26
,
110
,
208
,
215
,
223
,
226
,
289
Coutume de Paris
Customs duties, Customs house, Customs law
7
,
8
,
35
,
53
,
57
,
62
,
64
,
155
,
158
,
159
,
287
,
294 –296
,
316 –320
,
322
,
324
,
326 –333
,
335 –337
,
339
,
342
,
343
,
355
,
360
,
369
,
370 –372
,
398
,
408
,
412
,
413
Debt, debt recovery
14
,
56
,
106 –108
,
197
,
237
,
302
,
306
,
356
Debt imprisonment
88
,
103
,
109
,
112
,
402
,
409
Democratic court
17
,
18
Dictamen
58
,
60
,
61
,
64
,
72
,
73
,
76
,
79
Dikasterion (popular court)
15
,
19
Domanial system
8
,
332
,
340
Drain on monetary
143
,
150
Duties
see Customs duties
Embargo
216
Emporoi (merchants)
16
English Companies Act (1862, 1867, 1882, 1929, 1948 & 1956)
184
,
200
,
211
,
269
,
273
,
274
,
415
Enklema (summons)
17
Entrepreneurship
251
,
252
Ethnicity
10
,
12
,
13
,
15
,
250
,
277
,
405
,
406
Expectancy Sale
40
Expropriation
170
,
171
,
367
,
374
,
410
Extractive colony
170
,
171
,
204
Extraterritoriality
8
,
355
,
360
Failure of transaction
29
Fides
see
Bona fides
Fiduciary
257
,
262
Fiscal (procurator)
39
,
77
Fiscality, fiscal bargaining, fiscal burden
316 –319
Foreign Office, Foreign Affairs
286
,
309
,
326
,
337
,
338
,
377
,
411
,
412
Fraud
38
,
57
,
76
,
78
,
115
,
118
,
194
,
199
,
228
,
237
,
255
,
280
,
356
Free-riding
323
Flavian municipal laws
27
Free trade, free market
5
,
34
,
99
,
150
,
152
,
155
,
158
,
164
,
268
,
286
,
294 –297
,
327
,
359
,
399
,
404
Fur trade
65
,
68
,
99
,
100
,
125
Galleon, Galleon trade
34
,
40
,
41
,
213
General Incorporation Act (1844)
87
Genocide
307
,
308
Grain trade, grain provision
2
,
10
,
11
,
14
,
18
,
23
,
406
Grand Jury
98
Hadrian’s Wall
22
Hansa company, Hansa merchant
279
,
284
,
297
,
298
Holding
141
Hybridization, hybrid legal system
88
,
213
Imperial decree
25
Imperial legate
see
Propaetor
Imprisonment
see Debt imprisonment
Incorporation
176
,
181 –185
,
188
,
196
,
202
,
208
,
215
Indian Companies Act (1866 & 1913)
266
,
405
Indian nation
55
,
61
,
62
,
80
,
99
,
100
,
411
Indian trade
4
,
54
,
57 –62
–
66
,
73
,
74
,
83
Indigenous court, Indigenous law
204
,
223
,
241
Industrial Revolution
87
,
400
Institut de droit international
346
Insurance
46
,
49
,
68
,
112
,
118
,
175
,
179
,
181
,
190
,
248
,
320
Maritime insurance
International law
8
,
345 –348
,
352
,
353
,
362
,
399
Interventionism
285
Investment, investment enterprise, investor
167
,
176
,
185
,
189
Japannerwet
222
,
232
,
235
Joint stock corporation, joint stock company
87
,
123
,
144
,
167
,
208
,
215
,
216
,
219
,
249 –252
,
262
,
266
,
412
,
416
,
419
Naamloze Vennootschap
Jurisdiction
see Commercial jurisdiction, consular jurisdiction
Justice of the peace
106
Justinianic compilation
22
Juzgado de Bienes de Difuntos (Probate Court)
37
Landraad (Local court)
224
,
226
,
228
,
234
Law
see Civil Law, Colonial law, Commercial law, Common Law, Company law, Corporate law, Customary law, Indigenous law, Lex Irnitana, Lex mercatoria
Law of Nations
123
Lease
350
,
363
,
364 –367
,
372 –375
,
416
Legal argumentation
51
,
71
,
80
Lex Irnitana
27
Lex mercatoria
32
,
84
,
89
,
120
,
304
Liability
see Limited liability, No liability
Liberalism, liberal economists
138
,
155
,
160 –163
,
273
Limited liability (company or partnership)
167
,
176 –183
,
186 –189
,
191
,
195
,
202
,
209
,
230
,
255
,
258
,
312
,
410
,
418
,
419
Liquidation
197
Voluntary Liquidation Act
Listed company
176
,
179
,
186
,
187
,
276
Litigation
13
,
70
,
82
Loan
3
,
12
,
46
,
301
,
404
Bottomry loan
Managed company
247 –250
,
256
,
257
,
260 –263
,
274
Managing agent, managing Agency System
7
,
245 –265
,
267 –272
,
274 –278
,
419
,
420
,
424
Mapmaker
39
Maritime contract
14
Maritime insurance
45
Mediation, mediator
359
,
400
Mercantile law
see Commercial law
Mercantilism, mercantilist
2
,
5
,
9
,
34
,
44
,
85
,
86
,
90
,
128
,
130
,
135
,
145
,
160
,
164
,
309
,
403
,
404
Colbertism
Merchant Shipping Act (1869)
309
Metic, metic tax
11
,
15
,
19 –20
,
406
Migration
50
,
130 –132
Mining court
178
,
190
Mining Companies Statute (1855)
177 –180
,
182
,
188
Mining Company Act (1864, 1871)
190
,
191
,
194
,
418
Mining company, mining industry, mining rights
6
,
167
,
172
,
173
,
175
,
177
,
182 –193
,
205
,
299 –303
,
404
,
411
,
415
,
418
,
419
Ministry, Minister of Colonies
227
,
241
,
337
,
341
Mixed legal system, mixed court
95
,
112 –115
,
125
,
421
Monopoly
see Trade monopoly
Municipal law
see Flavian municipal laws
Municipia
27
Naamloze Vennootschap
208
Native, native population
51 –53
,
55
,
81 –82
,
210
,
223
,
224
,
313
Native decree
291
Natural resource curse
169
,
170
Naukleros (skipper)
11
,
15
Navigation Act
138
,
141
,
158
,
161
,
164
,
399
,
403
,
405
Network
3
,
30
,
34
,
42
,
54
,
142
,
242
,
254
,
352
,
353
,
411
New Institutional Economics
23
,
24
No liability company, No liability legislation
167
,
173
,
190 –193
Notary
32
,
216
,
239
Oath
55
,
61
,
65
,
74
,
78
Odyssey
398
Oidor
39
,
49
Open port
362
,
365
Opium Regie, opium War
1
,
233
,
354
,
357
,
358
,
362
,
369
,
380
Ordonnance sur le commerce (1680)
120
Paragraph procedure
3
,
10
,
11
,
20
Parliament
86
,
92
,
111
,
113
,
148
,
181
,
184
,
185
,
190
,
196 –200
,
274
Reichstag
Partnership, partnership law
53
,
87
,
117
,
177
,
178
,
180
,
182
,
188
,
194
,
209
,
216
,
246
,
249
,
258
Peloponnesian War
11
Pelts –
see Fur trade
Perpetuity sale
40
Plantation, planter (colony)
131
,
135
,
136
,
139
,
158
,
161
,
163
,
205
,
207
,
250
,
251
Post –
see Trading Post
Privilege, (most) Privileged Nation (clause)
66
,
72
,
83
,
144
,
147
,
295
,
347
,
355
,
359
,
360
,
363
,
381
,
387
,
392
Probate Court
see
Juzgado de Bienes de Difuntos
Property, property rights
170 –172
,
356
,
410
Real (estate) property
Propraetor (Imperial legate)
27
Protection, Protectorate
7
,
280 –282
,
407
Protectionism
5
,
151
,
153
,
156
Punishment
38
,
78
Quebec Act (1774)
4
,
85
,
89
,
91
,
111
,
112
,
115
,
415
Quinto real
35
Raad van Justitie (Council of Justice)
224
,
228
,
236
Race, racial segregation, racial classification
221 –225
,
228
Railway
176
,
300
,
301
,
404
,
411
Real Hacienda
67
,
77
Real Ordenanza de Intendentes (1786)
72
Real (Estate) property
88
,
108
,
114 –116
,
371
,
416
Real Tribunal y Audiencia de Cuentas
77
Recopilacion de leyes de los Reynos de las Indias (1680)
48
Registered company
182
,
186
,
191
,
194
,
195
,
209
Reglamento de Commercio Libre (1778)
54
,
61
Reichstag
281
,
282
,
285
,
286
,
293
,
295
,
310
Rent, renter
350
,
364
,
365
,
367
,
372 –377
,
383
,
385
Rhetorical strategy
12
Roman Law
3
,
22 –26
,
31
,
29 –32
,
406
Roman-Dutch law
414 –417
Roman province
21 –32
Royal Proclamation (1763)
90 –93
,
96
,
99
Royal treasury
37
,
42
,
43
,
58
,
64
,
76
,
77
Real Hacienda, Court of the royal treasury
Rubber
318 –321
,
323
,
329 –334
,
336
,
343
Rule of law
361
Sale
40
,
112
,
113
Perpetuity sale, Expectancy sale
Scribe
32
,
39
,
47
,
77
Seigneurie, seigneurial system
97
,
110
,
112
,
120
Seizure
56
Shareholder, shareholding
160
,
176
,
179 –182
,
187 –191
,
193
,
203
,
206
,
208
,
231
,
245 –247
,
250
,
255
,
256
,
258 –265
,
268 –272
,
277
,
300
,
311
,
340
,
418
Ship owner
16
Shipbuilding
135
,
147
Skipper
11
,
16
Naukleros
Slave, slave trade, slavery
3
,
10
,
13
,
15 –19
,
31
,
57
,
70
,
75
,
128
,
133
,
140
,
218
,
339
,
400
,
406
Smuggling
42
,
43
,
50
,
53
,
234
,
324
,
331
,
335
,
369
,
412
Sociedad anonima
215 –218
Société en commandite
119
,
120
Sovereignty
4
,
52
,
84
,
213
,
282
,
283
,
349
,
350 –356
,
359
,
360
,
374
,
402
,
409
,
423
Straits settlements
205
,
210 –213
,
405
Staple Act (1663)
138
Stock exchange, stock market
167
,
176 –179
,
183 –186
,
195
,
196
,
218
,
251
,
255
,
419
Surety
70
Supreme Court
217
Syndicate
182
Tar Jack
400
Tax, taxation, tax burden, tax collection, tax regime, tax policy
7
,
19
,
27
,
35
,
42
,
46
,
61
,
94
,
138
,
150
,
160
,
287 –293
,
297
,
299
,
303
,
318
,
321 –324
,
327
,
329
,
330
,
334
,
336
,
338
,
343
,
365
,
366
,
375
,
376
,
412
Almojarifazgo, Almirantazgo, Averia, Metic tax, Quinto real
Tenure
97
,
380
Territoriality
31
,
402
Testament, testamentary freedom
40
,
112
Testimony, false testimony
15 –18
Torture
16
,
19
Transaction
29
,
30
Failure
Trade
see Atlantic trade, Free trade, Fur trade, Galleon trade, Grain trade, Indian trade, Slave trade
Trade balance
5
,
128
,
135
,
137
,
146
,
160
,
164
,
403
Trade court
44
Trade monopoly
3
,
33
,
34
,
51
,
57
,
59
,
86
,
99
,
128
,
138
,
143
,
144
,
155
,
157
,
160
,
164
,
248
,
284
,
317
,
340
,
403
Trading post
59
,
60 –65
,
68
,
73
,
80
,
129
,
142
,
152
,
153
,
156
,
213
,
298
,
331
,
375
,
423
Trade prohibition
62
Transplant, transplantation (legal or institutional)
2
,
4 –8
,
84 –88
,
105
,
165 –169
,
172 –174
,
184
,
186
,
191
,
201 –207
,
210
,
213
,
220
,
226
,
266 –268
,
277
,
316
,
346
,
397
,
398
,
401
,
417
,
419
,
424
Treasury
93
Royal Treasury, Real Hacienda
Treaty of Nanking (1842)
355
,
357
Treaty of Paris (1763)
90
Treaty of San Lorenzo (1795)
55
,
63
Treaty of Tianjin (1858)
358
,
359
,
378
,
380
Treaty of Wanghia and Whampoa (1844)
355
,
356
Tria nomina
27
Trust
3
,
87
Universidad de los Maestres e Pilotas de la Naos de la Navigacion de la Indias
46
Usus mercatorum
44
Viceroy, viceroyalty
48 –50
Volksrecht
26
Voluntary Liquidation Act (1891)
197
,
198
Weaponry
39
Witness
18
Wreck
16
,
17