Index
Aichi Prefecture
210
agency
20n.60, 31–32, 51, 71, 77, 89–90, 167, 170–71, 172
intention, expressive agency
32n.92, 171
distributive agency
51, 77, 90, 171n.19
nonhuman agency
32, 32n.92, 33n.95, 38–40, 60, 94, 170–71, 182, 199–200, 202, 224
responsibility and agency
171, 171n.20, 182n.55
Akahori Channel
56 map, 57, 57n.28, 58, 58n.30, 117–18, 118n.91, 118n.92, 120
Akamatsu Sōtan
75n.90, 76–80, 76n.91, 77 fig., 78n.100, 85, 86 fig., 88, 233–34
Asaka Kokukō
211
aqueducts. see canals
Ara River Drainage Canal
224, 231, 231n.93
Arnst, Dick
139n.45
Ashio Copper Mine
25, 62n.41, 218n.64, 217–18, 228
Asquith, Pamela J.
21
assemblages
3, 26, 26n.78, 29–33, 31n.87, 31n.89, 33n.96, 38, 68, 90, 171, 171n.19, 172
assemblage in ecology
29–30, 30n.86, 91
riparian assemblage
36, 37, 39, 40, 50–51, 62–74, 76, 87, 103–4, 119–20, 130, 135, 156, 171n.20, 180, 192, 225–26, 241–51
Assembly of Prefectural Governors (Chihōkan Kaigi)
132–34, 133n.26, 139, 167, 205, 206
Association of Inland River Boat Loaders (Okukawa Funazumi Tonya)
68
Atsumi Teiji
147n.67
bald mountain (hageyama). see deforestation
bannermen (hatamoto)
81, 94, 97, 97n.19
Bauduin, Anthonius Franciscus
127n.9
Biernacki, Richard
21n.63
binary. see dualism
Barles, Sabine
224n.79
barrages
175, 178, 179, 216, 217, 218, 226, 234n.107
barriers (sekisho). see highways and roads
Bartholomew, James
180n.48
Bauer, Andrew M.
31, 31n.89, 33n.95, 200
Befu, Harumi
48n.8
Belgrand, Eugène
152
Bello, David
55n.23
Benite, Zvi Ben-Dor
40, 199
Bennett, Jane
171n.19
Bhan, Mona
33n.95
“big dig” of the Tenpō era (Tenpō no ōsarae)
191
birds. see waterfowl
Biwa Lake. see lakes
Blackbourn, David
141, 198
boats. see riverboat
Bowden, Sean
32n.92
Brown, Philip
93n.6, 197n.2
Brunton, Richard
146
built environment. see second nature
bureaucratic transcendentalism. see Tsuzuki Keiroku
Buysing, D. J. Storm
147n.67
Callon, Michel
204n.21
canals (jōsui, unga, yōsui, akusui)
140.
irrigation, water supply to cities
Hikifune Canal (“Towboat River”)
45 map, 64n.49
Kanda Aqueduct (Kanda Jōsui)
45 map, 64–65
Kasai Canal (Kasai Yōsui)
46 map, 63– 66, 64n.49, 118, 119, 217n.62, 237
Minumadai Canal (Minumadai Yōsui)
46 map, 59 fig., 64, 66, 116n.87, 208
Onagi Canal (Onagigawa)
43, 45 map, 69, 100n.26, 101 fig.
Nobiru Canal (Nobiru Unga). see ports for coastal and international shipping
Takase Canal (Takasegawa)
186, 190n.92
Tama River Aqueduct (Tamagawa Jōsui)
45 map, 46 map, 64–65
Tone Canal (Tone Unga)
143–45, 143n.60
capacity
29, 31n.87, 38, 91, 167, 170
ceiling river (tenjōgawa). see erosion
centralization. see national government
checkpoint (bansho)
69
Naka River Checkpoint
45 map, 69, 100, 100n.26, 100n.27, 101 fig.
Sekiyado Checkpoint
69, 100n.26
China. see Qing Empire
Chino Yasuaki
110n.60
Chisui. see flood control
Chisui zasshi. see Flood Control Association
Chōshi (Chiba Prefecture)
46 map, 67n.64, 80, 80n.104, 85, 115, 217, 231
circulation of science and technology
39, 40, 126, 130, 130n.17, 135–39, 139–50, 142n.54, 150–56, 158–61, 179, 197, 199, 204, 223–25, 238
Civil Engineering Bureau. see Home Ministry
Civil Engineering Society (Doboku Gakkai)
151, 182, 182n.53
Clancey, Gregory
122n.103
co-constitute
15, 50, 52, 87, 70, 71, 81, 130, 136, 170, 171n.20, 183, 197, 218, 238, 242
coevolve. see co-constitute
colonial origins of technologies
129–30, 142, 160, 160n.105, 179, 197–98, 200
commerce, commercialization
9, 9n.22, 47, 49, 51, 68, 69, 70–71, 80, 85, 87–88, 102, 104, 105, 166, 186, 204n.21
commons
9n.23, 52, 242
Constitution of the Empire of Japan
165, 194, 205, 209
Construction Ministry (Kensetsushō)
241, 246–47
coproduce. see co-constitute
Cronon, William
28n.82
culture
13–14, 16, 20, 21, 21n.63, 68, 68n.69, 158, 168.
society
daiba (battery islands)
45 map, 47
dams (damu, seki)
244–47, 244n.6, 248
Aswan Dams (Egypt)
179, 179n.42
Amagase Dam (Kyoto Prefecture)
246, 246n.13
Fengman Dam (China)
245
Kurobe Dam (Tochigi Prefecture)
244
Nakaiwa Dam (Tochigi Prefecture)
244
Nunobiki Dam (Hyōgo Prefecture)
244n.7
Ogōchi Dam (Tokyo Prefecture)
247n.18
Ōmine Dam (Kyoto Prefecture)
244, 246
Supung Dam (China, North Korea)
245
Yagisawa Dam (Gunma Prefecture)
246, 246n.14
deforestation
105, 121, 145–46, 168, 174, 187–89, 188n.83, 191
bald mountain (hageyama)
135, 137 fig., 168n.11, 188, 189n.86
Deleuze, Gilles
26n.78, 29n.85, 30, 36n.108
De Gamond, Aimé Thomé
223n.77
de Rijke, Johannis
135–39, 136n.38, 140, 143, 145, 146, 148–49, 149n.73, 149n.74, 156, 160, 161n.109, 172–78, 173n.24, 174n.28, 178n.41, 179n.45, 180–82, 180n.47
Dinmore, Eric
200n.15
Doboku kōyōroku
136, 136n.38, 137 fig.
Dōsenbō Village (Kyoto Prefecture)
138
dredging of rivers
58n.30, 82, 92, 105–6, 110–12, 118–119, 171, 177, 216, 232, 235
dredging of Seta River
190–93, 193n.105, 209
dualisms. see modern dualisms
Dutch engineers. see engineering, individual engineer’s name
Dutch Studies (rangaku)
128–29
Dyer, Henry
160
École Centrale des Arts et Manufactures
151–55
École de Ponts et Chaussées
153
École Monge
151, 151n.77
École Polytechnique
153–54, 181n.49
ecological modernity
24
Edo
37, 38n.109, 43–48, 45 map, 46 map, 68, 80n.101, 85, 90, 92, 99, 100, 100n.26, 101–2, 120.
Tokyo City
Edo as seat of Tokugawa government
51, 94, 97
Edo city magistrates (machi bugyō)
112, 116n.83
establishment and building of Edo
58, 63–65, 65n.52, 66–67, 69, 95–96
flooding in and around Edo
107, 108
Koami District in Edo
45 map, 81n.107
Ko’ume District in Edo
44, 45 map, 221
Odenma District in Edo
208
shipping between Edo and regional riverports
71, 75, 81, 82, 82n.112, 83, 84, 101
engineering education
126, 128, 134, 141, 148, 150–56, 157
engineering profession
148, 155, 155n.93, 158, 182
engineering worksite, jobsite
135–39, 136n.37, 145, 147, 177
engineering in France
152–54, 153n.88, 198
engineering of rivers in Japan. Yodo River, Tone River
during Tokugawa period
37, 55–60, 63–65, 109–11, 109n.58, 110n.60, 122
Home Ministry administration of
38–40, 125–30, 144 fig., 175, 178 fig., 178n.41, 197–205, 231–38, 238–40
high-water (kōsui) approaches
40, 149–50, 161–62, 165, 177, 182, 207, 217–18, 224, 225–26, 228
low-water (teisui) approaches
149, 149n.74, 164–65, 182, 207, 217, 232, 235
engineers. engineering of rivers in Japan, individual engineer’s names
absence of engineers at Assembly of Prefectural Governors
134, 134n.33
Dutch engineers in Japan
135, 136, 139–50, 144 fig., 156–58, 161, 172–78, 182
reputation of Dutch river engineering
141, 141n.51, 182n.55
Home Ministry engineers
135–39, 158, 161–62, 164–66, 167, 172–83, 195, 203, 205, 206, 208, 210, 215, 216–18, 224, 226–28, 226n.83, 228, 232, 238–39
technical assistants and students (kōsei, minarai)
135–39, 146–48, 146n.64, 147n.66, 147n.67, 173
entrainment
31, 31n.89, 94, 95, 96, 103, 118, 121, 200
environment (kankyō). see nature
environmental relations
26, 29, 32, 36, 49–51, 50n.11, 52, 60, 71, 162, 164, 189, 241, 249–51
erosion
135, 145–46, 168, 168n.11, 187.
deforestation
ceiling river (tenjōgawa)
135, 191n.95
Erosion Prevention Law (Sabōhō)
203, 212, 238
erosion prevention
62n.41, 137 fig., 148, 215, 217n.62, 227
during Tokugawa period
18–19, 62, 92, 106
Home Ministry efforts at
135–39, 145–46, 148–49, 149n.74, 162, 174, 175, 177, 178n.41
Escher, George Arnold
139, 140, 142n.54, 143, 146–47, 147n.67, 149, 149n.73, 160
farmers and farming
5–7, 9, 44, 48, 52, 64, 66, 70, 71, 82, 84n.116, 88, 89, 96n.17, 121, 164, 174n.30, 183–84, 184n.63, 206, 206n.24, 237–38, 244–45, 249n.22.
irrigation, reclamation
fascine (soda, kereppu)
145, 145n.62, 146, 149, 173n.24, 173n.26, 173
finance inspectors (kanjō ginmiyaku)
112, 116n.83
Finance Magistrate (kanjō bugyō)
101–2
Finance Office (Kanjōsho)
83, 106, 111, 112, 113, 114, 116, 119
first nature
27–29, 27n.82, 70
First Sino-Japanese War
39, 211, 216
fish
carp (koi, funa, kamatsuka)
5, 34, 85, 184–85, 184n.66
catfish (namazu)
5, 184–85
eel (unagi)
5, 184–85
salmon (sake)
71, 85–88, 86 fig., 236–37
sweetfish (ayu)
87
trout (masu)
71, 85–88, 236–37
tuna
84
fishers and freshwater fishing
5, 6, 11, 11n.25, 29, 30 fig., 34, 44, 49, 51, 52–55, 85–88, 85n.120, 86 fig., 96, 99, 99n.23, 164, 184–85, 185n.68, 187, 236–37
fishing associations (gyogyō kumiai)
5–6, 6n.10, 184, 185n.69, 187
flood control (chisui)
205–19, 225–38, 241–49.
flooding as problem under techno-political framing
defensive work (bōgyō no kō)
133–34, 149–50, 167, 207, 215
Home Ministry and flood control
133–34, 139–40, 143–45, 149n.74, 162, 165–66, 167, 172–83, 178 fig., 191, 202–5, 215–19, 221, 225–38, 241.
Yodo River, Tone River
preventative work (yobō no kō)
133–34, 139, 149, 215
scholarship on flood control
10–11, 11n.26, 95n.13, 197–99
Tokugawa period flood control efforts
55–58, 70, 92, 94–95, 105–6, 106n.45, 109–14, 119–20, 121–22, 137 fig.
flood control groups
Flood Control Association (Chisui Kyōkai)
207–8, 210
Chisui zasshi (Flood Control Journal)
209
Flood Control Group (Chisuikai)
210–11
Lake Biwa Flood Control Association (Biwa-ko Chisuikai)
178 fig., 191n.96, 194, 235n.107
Prefectural Flood Association League (Dōmei Fuken Chisuikai)
194
flood culture
168
flooding
106–9, 106n.45, 181–82, 226–27.
flood control (chisui)
1704 flooding of Kanto region
64, 107, 107n.48, 110, 111n.62
1742 flooding of Kanto region
107–9, 107n.52, 113
1754 flooding of Kiso river
92
1786 flooding of Kanto region
117, 119
1885 flooding of Kinai region
164, 166, 168–71, 177, 189, 207
1910 flooding of Kanto region
219–22, 226
1953 flooding of Kinai region
242, 246
2018 flooding
248–49
2019 flooding
248–49
deforestation and flooding
105–6
flood prevention associations (fushin kumiai)
113, 114
forestry
49, 187–88, 187n.80, 188n.82.
deforestation, erosion prevention
Forestry Law (Shinrinhō)
203, 212, 238
France
141, 150–54, 153n.88, 178n.41, 181n.49, 198, 222–25, 246n.12
freshwater fishing. see fishing
foreign expert (oyatoi gaikokujin)
127–30, 140–50, 141n.47, 147, 150, 150n.75, 155
Four Rivers Magistrate (Shisen Bugyō)
104
Fūdo: ningengakuteki kōsatsu. see Watsuji Tetsurō
Fujita Satoru
120n.100
Fukawa Village (Ibaraki Prefecture)
46 map, 76, 85–88, 99n.23, 233–34
Fukushima Nuclear Disaster
250, 250n.25
Fukuzawa Yukichi
125, 125n.1
Funakagami. see water transport
Furuichi Kōi
151–56, 158, 174, 179, 210, 212, 217, 226
Fusa Village (Chiba Prefecture)
46 map, 69, 75n.89, 86–88, 86 fig., 99n.23, 236
Fushimi
3, 4 map, 5, 9, 27–30, 28 fig., 34–35, 35n.103, 138, 173, 183, 185, 186n.77, 190n.92
geographies
26, 36, 51, 77, 87–88, 97, 126–28, 130, 136, 156, 159, 186, 199n.11, 225.
space, spatiality, spatial relations
Germany
141, 197
Gilmartin, David
198n.5
global flow or movement. see transnational
Gluck, Carol
171n.20, 199
Gotō Shinpei
220
Great Britain
132, 134n.33, 141, 151, 153n.88, 198
groynes
137, 144
Guattari, Felix. see Deleuze, Gilles
Hanaten Village (Osaka Prefecture)
Hanes, Jeffery
127
Hasegawa, Kenji
247n.18
hatamoto (bannermen)
81, 94, 97n.19
Hatoyama Kazuo
151n.76
Hatoyama Ichirō
195n.110
Hattori Takashi
192n.99, 237–38
Haussmann, Baron Georges-Eugène
152
Heidegger, Martin
13, 25, 34
high-water (kōsui) approach. see engineering of rivers in Japan
highways and roads
barriers (sekisho)
100n.27, 108
Katori Highway (Katori Kaidō)
78, 78n.100, 79 map
Mito Highway (Mito Kaidō)
84n.116
Nakasendō Highway
70, 114
modern highways and roads
131, 133, 145, 182n.55
Hino Shōshō
11n.26
history and philosophy of history
contextualism
18–19, 21, 23, 49, 241
declensionism
17–18, 21, 23, 49, 241
determinism
51, 72, 157, 199
environmental history
10–25, 11n.27, 25–36, 25n.76, 27n.82, 37–40, 48–51, 52, 55n.23, 70, 71, 88–90, 94–95, 120–22, 128, 128n.11, 130, 130n.18, 160, 162, 165–66, 171, 200–5, 218n.64
events in history
33, 33n.96, 173
global modernity
22, 24, 40, 179, 199, 200, 218, 224, 238.
see transnational
historical agency. see agency
history of science and technology
31n.90, 38–40, 60, 69–70, 109, 109n.58, 110, 110n.60, 122n.103, 126–30, 130n.17, 148, 153n.88, 157–62, 157n.97, 158n.108, 177–82, 178n.41, 179n.44, 180n.48, 181n.49, 197n.2, 199–200, 222, 223–24, 238–40
modernization
17n.44, 18, 23, 158, 199–200, 200n.13
natural and social histories
181–82
new materialism
202
post humanism
202
progressivism
16–17, 17n.44, 21, 23, 49, 200, 241
sakoku paradigm
93n.7
“status” paradigm
93n.7
Watsuji Tetsurō’s view of Japan and world history
13–15, 14n.36
Home Ministry (Naimushō)
6, 39–40, 57n.29, 118n.91, 122, 131–35, 135–39, 139–40, 142n.54, 143n.55, 145, 148–50, 154–56, 172–83, 172n.21, 179, 190, 192–95, 193n.102, 193n.105, 196, 202–5, 212, 219, 225–38, 238–40, 241, 244.
engineering of rivers in Japan, flood control
Civil Engineering Bureau (Dobokukyoku)
146, 146n.64, 147, 172, 172n.21, 214n.55
Civil Engineering Department (Dobokuryō)
142
Fourth Regional Engineering District
156, 175
Honda Kannosuke
43–47, 43n.1, 58, 67, 71–77, 73n.82, 73n.83, 84, 84n.117, 88
Honkawamata Village (Saitama Prefecture)
55, 56 map, 65, 108, 117, 217n.62
horses and packhorses
67, 67n.61, 83, 84–85, 143, 208n.28, 233n.100
hunting
44, 85
hybrid
24, 49
hydroelectricity
189, 189n.89, 223, 244–47, 249, 249n.24
hydrology. see science
Ichikawa Yoshikata
135–39, 146, 157
Suiri shinpō
136, 136n.39, 168n.11, 188, 188n.85
Illustrated Guide to the Capital. see Miyako meisho zue
Imanishi Kinji
12–14, 12n.28, 13n.30, 14n.39, 25, 184
Seibutsu no sekai (A Japanese View of Nature: The World of Things)
12–13, 13n.30, 14–16, 14n.39
Imperial College of Technology (Kōbu Daigakkō)
134, 155, 189n.89
Imperial Diet
40, 192–95, 193n.101, 196, 196n.1, 203–4, 205–19, 206n.25, 206n.26, 223n.76, 225–27, 229 fig., 232, 243.
National Diet
imperialism
126–27, 158–61, 197, 204, 225, 245
annexation of Korea
226
indemnity from First Sino-Japanese War
216, 216n.58
new imperialism
126
improvement (kairyō, kaishū)
6, 151, 153–54, 165, 195, 199, 203–4, 203n.20, 212, 215, 218, 227–28, 237, 239n.123, 245.
progressivism under history
Ina Tadaharu
57–59, 98
Ina Tadakatsu
57
Ina Tadamichi
64, 108
Inba Canal
120
Inba Marsh. see marshes
industrialization
126, 197, 204
infrastructure
126–28, 131–34, 139–41, 153, 154, 156–57, 158, 171, 189, 203, 206n.23, 212, 216, 247–49
Ingold, Tim
33, 72
inland navigation. see water transport
Inō Mozaemon
83
Inō Saburōemon
80–83, 81n.105, 82n.112, 88
Inō Tadataka
81, 81n.105
Inoue Kakugorō
208
Inoue Kaoru
175, 214n.55
Inoue Seitarō
148, 157
intendants
89
head intendants (daikan gashira)
57, 98
Kantō Intendant (Kantō Gundai)
64, 69, 98–99, 109n.58, 112
intendants (daikan)
99, 113, 114
irrigation. see canals, water supply to cities
Tokugawa-period irrigation
10–11, 37, 44, 47, 49, 51, 63–66, 63n.46, 64n.49, 71, 80, 82, 88, 103, 109, 118–119, 184n.63, 187
modern period irrigation
5, 6, 10, 40, 131, 134, 138, 154–55, 164–65, 177, 183–84, 189, 207–8, 210, 217n.62, 225, 237–38, 241, 243, 243n.3, 245
irrigation in other countries
160n.108, 178n.41, 179, 197–98, 198n.5, 243
Itō Hirobumi
211
Iwakura Mission
141, 159
Izawa Yasobē
109n.58, 112
Jackson, Jeffery
222
Johnson, Walter
31
Kabata Village (Kyoto Prefecture)
135–36, 136n.37
Kaiseisho. see Tōkyō Kaisei Gakkō
Kalland, Arne
21
Kamo no Chōmei (Hōjōki)
1–2, 1n.2, 8, 32, 120, 251
Kansai region. see Kinai region
Kantō region
9n.22, 37–38, 43–51, 46 map, 50n.11, 51n.13, 51–71, 71–88, 88–90, 91–95, 95–104, 104–14, 114–20, 120–22, 142–45, 203, 219–25, 226, 227–32, 233–34, 236–37, 242, 244, 246, 248–49
kappa (water goblins)
89
Karuizawa Town (Nagano Prefecture)
114, 226
Kasai Canal. see canals
kashi. see riverport
Kashima
69, 76
Kasumigaura Lake. see lakes
Katō Kiemon
210
Katsura Tarō
226
Katori Sea. see Kasumigaura Lake under lakes
Katori Shrine
69, 76–77
Kawabune bugyōsho. see Riverboat Magistrates Office
Kawamura Tamiji
4n.4
Kawana Noboru
11n.26, 70, 73n.85, 75n.90, 76n.91
Kelly, William
49, 63n.46
Kema Village (Osaka Prefecture)
175
Kimura Motoi
49
Kinai region
1–10, 4 map, 38–40, 61, 63, 111, 135–39, 163–66, 166–71, 172–82, 183–95, 232, 234–35, 237–38, 242, 246, 248–49
Kinokuniya Chōsaburō
35
Kinuta Yukie
231n.93
Kitaura Lake. see lakes
Knight, Catherine
21
Kobari Village (Saitama Prefecture)
208
kōgi (authority). see Tokugawa government
Koide Haku
54n.20, 55n.24, 70, 166n.8, 181–82
Kosiba, Steve
31, 31n.89, 200
Kumazawa Banzan
106, 106n.45
Kume Kunitake
141n.51
kuniyaku fushin
104, 111–14, 111n.65, 119, 121
Kurihashi (Saitama Prefecture)
56 map, 57
Kuroda Tokubei
5n.5
Kyōhō Reforms
66, 104–5, 111–13
Kyoto City
1, 3, 4 map, 5, 34, 75, 145, 166, 183, 185, 186n.78, 189n.89, 190n.92
Kyoto Prefecture
4 map, 135, 163, 164, 168n.11, 173n.26, 186, 188–95, 188n.85, 189n.89, 192n.99, 193n.103, 209
Kyoto University
3–4, 12
lakes. marshes, wetlands
Lake Biwa
4 map, 5n.8, 11n.25, 75, 145, 165, 167, 178, 189–95, 190n.92, 191n.96
Lake Kasumigaura (Katori Sea)
46 map, 52–55, 58, 66, 67, 68, 81, 85, 234n.103, 236
Kitaura Lake
44, 46 map
Ogura Lake (Ogura-ike)
3–10, 4 map, 12, 17n.45, 27–30, 28 fig., 34, 167, 168, 174, 184–85, 216, 232, 236, 243.
Ogura Reclamation Project
Ōike Fishing Association (Ōike Gyogyō Kumiai)
5–6, 6n.10, 184
Lake Biwa Canal (Biwa-ko Sosui)
163, 173, 189–90, 189n.89, 192, 192n.99
Land Expropriation Law (Tochi Shūyōhō)
213, 231n.93, 239
landscape
29n.84, 37, 50, 62, 70, 74, 88–90
Latour, Bruno
21, 24
Lebret, Jacobus
138
legibility. see James C. Scott
levees
90 fig., 105–6, 110–13, 110 fig., 118–19, 122, 190, 191, 133–34, 135, 137 fig., 143, 144 fig., 149, 171, 172, 175, 190, 192, 198, 205, 211, 215, 216–17, 220–21, 227, 228, 232, 233–34, 241–42
Bizen Levee
56 map, 59, 108, 109
Chūjō Levee
56 map, 57, 57n.26, 108, 109
Nihon Levee (Nihon-zutsumi)
45 map, 58, 59n.34
Levee Measure (Teibō Hōan)
133–34, 206
Lewis, Michael
200n.15, 212, 212n.46, 247–48
Liu, Lydia
21n.65
Lindo, Isaac Anne
141, 142–44, 144 fig.
Local Improvement Movement (Chihō Kairyō Undō)
204
logging. see deforestation and forestry
log running
187, 187n.79
Machida Takahisa
107n.52
machiya (shophouses)
78, 78n.100, 80n.101
malaria
7, 16, 236
Man’gyŏng River (Korea)
243
marketplaces
34, 34n.99, 78, 78n.99, 185n.68, 204n.21
marshes. lakes, wetlands
Akama Marsh (Akamanuma)
56 map, 217–18, 228
Hi Marsh (Hinuma)
46 map, 67
Inba Marsh (Inbanuma)
46 map, 47, 66n.58, 120, 236, 244
Sugao Marsh (Sugaonuma)
56 map, 57, 57n.29
Tega Marsh (Teganuma)
46 map, 56 map, 66n.58, 236
Matano Keikō
210
mathematics and statistics
110, 128, 151–54, 158–59, 180, 180n.48, 181n.49
Matsubushi Village (Saitama Prefecture)
56 map, 65
Matsuo Bashō
68
Matsuura Shigeki
11n.26, 70, 109, 157, 161
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice
20, 25
Manyōshū
8, 8n.21
Matsukata Masayoshi
190, 207
Matsuzawa Yūsaku
188n.82
McCormack, Gavan
17
meisho. see renowned place
“men of the Meiji era”
158, 158n.99
Miki Shigeru
4n.4
Miller, Ian Jared
24, 130, 200n.13
Milne, John
160
Minumadai. see canals
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism (MLIT)
2n.3, 248, 248n.21
Mitchell, Timothy
179, 201n.17, 204n.22, 239n.124
Mitsukuri Rinshō
196, 205, 215, 215n.57
Mito Domain
44, 46 map, 67, 73, 73n.82, 73n.84
Miyachi Denzaburō
5n.5
Miyamura Tadashi
248
Mizumoto Kunihiko
18, 188n.81
Mizuno, Hiromi
179n.44, 182n.55
Mizuno Tadakuni
120
Miyako meisho zue
27, 28, 28 fig., 34, 35 fig.
Miyanohara Seizō
155
modern dualisms
3, 10–25, 40, 49, 158, 180–83, 202–5, 204n.2, 219, 239–40, 239n.123, 241
modern river regime
10, 38, 40, 158, 166, 167, 177, 195, 196, 197–205, 205–19, 223, 225–38, 238–40, 241–51
Monobe Nagaho
244–45
Morse, Edward Sylvester
160
Movement for Freedom and Popular Rights (Jiyū Minken Undō)
166, 189
Mount Asama. see volcanos
Mount Fuji. see volcanos
Mukōjima Village (Kyoto Prefecture)
27, 28 fig., 29, 34, 168, 169
Murata Michibito
105n.40
Mulder, Anthonie Th. L. R.
143, 156, 160, 160n.107, 175
multipurpose water projects
189, 223, 244–47
Nagahara Tatehiko
84
Nagoya City
92
Nakasendō. see highways
nation building
131–34, 139–41, 150, 152–56, 156–58, 165–66, 179–80, 196–97, 199–205, 218–19, 223–25, 238, 246–48
National Diet
91n.1, 250.
Imperial Diet
national government
127, 131–34, 135, 140, 155, 156, 165, 189, 196, 198, 200, 203–5, 205–19, 223, 229, 232, 237, 243–48
natural advantages (ten’nen no ri)
132
natural resources
200, 200n.15, 202, 218, 224
nature (shizen)
3, 10–25, 22n.69, 23n.70, 31, 31n.90, 40, 49–50, 88–89, 130, 130n.18, 154, 161, 179–82, 198n.8, 199, 249.
see modern dualisms
nature studies (honzōgaku)
128
Needham, Joseph
200
Negishi Shigeo
19
Negishi Yasumori
115, 116n.83
neologisms
22–23, 215n.57
Netherlands
138–39, 141n.41, 153, 197
Dutch East Indies (Indonesia)
142, 161n.109, 178n.41, 197–98
engineers and engineering
126, 129, 145n.62
night soil
186
Nihon shoki
8, 8n.21
Nishida Kitarō
15n.41
Nishikata Village (Saitama Prefecture)
56 map, 66, 108
Niwa Kunio
96n.17
Nobiru Port and Canal. see ports for coastal and international shipping
Obata Tokujirō
130n.18
Odaiba. see daiba
Ogura Lake. see lakes
Ogura Reclamation Project. see reclamation
Ōhashi Fusatarō
193n.103, 194, 195n.110, 207, 216
Ōhori. see riverports
Oshi Castle Town
46 map, 55, 56 map, 97
Okino Tadao
151–56, 158, 172, 175–82, 178n.41, 180n.47, 193, 210, 226–28
Ōkubo Toshimichi
131–32, 149, 156
Ōkuma Takashi
11n.26, 117–18, 118n.91, 118n.92, 232n.94
Osaka Conference. see Assembly of Prefectural Governors
Osaka City
3, 4 map, 35, 35n.103, 39, 75, 92, 139, 154, 166, 169–70, 183, 186n.77, 186n.78, 191, 217, 232
Osaka Prefecture
4 map, 163, 164, 184–85, 185n.68, 185n.69, 188n.83, 189–95, 192n.99, 193n.102, 193n.103, 207, 209, 210, 237
Ōtani Sadao
106
Paris
151–54, 219–25
Partner, Simon
233n.99
peils
129, 143n.55
Normal Amsterbam Peil (NAP)
129, 129n.15
Perry, Matthew Calbraith
46–47, 120
phenomenology
14, 33n.96
Picon, Antoine
153n.88
place
27, 29, 29n.84, 50n.11, 87
polder (wajū)
92
police and policing of waterways
99–104, 213–14, 235
political parties
Great Achievement Party (Taiseikai)
192
Liberal Party (Jiyūtō)
192–93, 210, 211
National Association (Kokumin Kyōkai)
210
Progressive Party (Kaishintō)
210
politicians
165–66, 192–95, 203, 205–19
pollution
6, 6n.13
ports for coastal and international shipping
132–33, 140, 153, 182n.55
Hyōgo (Kobe)
4 map, 36, 185n.72, 243n.7
Nobiru
145, 145n.61
Osaka
135–39, 143, 145–46, 149n.74, 171, 172, 174, 191–92
Yokohama
142, 151, 151n.76, 185n.72, 186n.78
Porter, Theodore
181n.49
Pritchard, Sara
198, 246n.12
progressivism. see history
“promotion of production and encouragement of industry” (shokusan kōgyō)
131, 156, 164
“public interest” (kōkyō no rigai)
212, 214, 215–16, 219, 246–47
public, state property (kōbutsu)
196, 213, 214
public works. see infrastructure
Qing Empire
39, 55n.23, 141n.47, 197, 211, 216, 216n.58
quotidian activities
48–51, 51–55, 65–66, 68, 71–88, 88–90, 121–22, 156, 162, 163–66, 183–89, 233–34, 234–35, 238, 242, 247–48, 249
railways
127, 131, 132, 141n.49, 145, 153, 164, 186, 186n.78, 219, 233, 234, 235n.106
Ravesteijn, Wim
160n.108, 178n.41
reclamation
7, 206n.24, 226, 228, 242–44, 245
during Tokugawa period
54, 54n.22, 57n.29, 66, 66n.58, 70, 81, 105, 105n.40, 105n.41, 109, 121
national reclamation projects (kokuei kaikon jigyō)
7, 243–44
Ogura Reclamation Project
7, 184n.67, 232, 236, 243
Reclamation Promotion Law (Kaikon Joseihō)
243
shinden (“new fields”)
65n.54, 98n.20
reductionism, abstraction
162, 177, 181, 181n.51, 247
region
27, 51n.14, 52n.15, 62–63, 223
relational approach
14, 26–32, 171, 171n.20
renowned place (meisho)
27
rice growing. see farming
Rijkswaterstaat
138, 138n.43
riparian relations
3, 10, 27, 32, 34, 37, 40, 50–51, 65, 70, 77, 80, 81, 85–88, 98, 126, 130, 136, 147, 162, 164–66, 167, 170–71, 181, 183, 189, 192, 195, 197, 199, 203–5, 212, 214, 215, 218, 219, 225, 232, 237–38, 238–40, 241–42, 247–51
Riskin, Jessica
20n.60, 31, 31n.90, 94,
rivers in Japan:
Agano River
229 table, 233n.99
Agatsuma River
114, 116
Aji River
92
Amano River
168, 170
Ara River
46 map, 56 map, 58, 59, 60, 62, 69–70, 92, 97, 98, 106, 107, 108, 112–13, 115, 117, 142, 208, 220–25, 229 table, 237
Moto-Ara River
56 map, 65
Ayase River
56 map, 59 fig. 66, 221
Butsubutsu River
2
Chikugo River
140, 203n.20, 216, 216n.58, 216n.59, 229 table
Edo River
43, 46 map, 57, 68, 69, 73, 84, 100, 100n.26, 104, 107, 112–13, 115n.82, 117, 119, 120, 122, 142–45, 217n.62, 220, 228, 228n.90, 232n.94
Fudō River
4 map, 127, 135–39, 174
Fuku River
56 map, 57
Fuji River
140, 148, 175, 209, 229 table
Hitachi River
57, 58, 67, 70, 76, 87
Hoshi River
116n.87
Ibi River
4 map, 105n.41, 216n.60
Iruma River
56 map, 58
Kanda River
45 map, 63
Katsura River
3, 4 map, 61 fig., 167, 170, 184, 185, 187–89, 216, 232
Kamo River
1, 3, 12, 14, 190n.92
Kinu River
46 map, 56 map, 58, 68, 104, 228, 244
Kiso River
4 map, 61 fig., 68n.67, 92, 105n.41, 140, 149, 156, 177, 182, 188, 203, 203n.20, 206, 207, 209, 211, 214, 216n.59, 216n.60, 229 table
Kitagami River
175, 229 table
Kizu River
3, 4 map, 135–39, 167, 168n.11, 172n.22, 184, 185, 186, 188–89, 188n.85, 232
Kokai River
56 map, 58, 104, 228
Nagara River
105n.41, 207, 216n.60
Naka River (Tokyo)
45 map, 56 map, 57, 64, 65, 69, 100, 100n.26, 101 fig., 107, 229 table
Nakatsu River
175
Ōgure River
92
Ōi River (Kyoto)
187
Omoi River
106n.45
Ono River
77–83, 79 map
Po River
158
Sakawa River
107, 227, 230 table
Seta River
4 map, 168, 178 fig., 190–95, 193n.105, 216, 235n.107
Shiba River
56 map, 59
Shinano River
2, 60n.38, 61 fig., 140, 140n.46, 143, 175, 203n.20, 211, 216n.59, 228, 229 table
Shō River
140, 187n.79, 203n.20, 216n.59, 230 table
Sumida River
44, 45 map, 46 map, 53 map, 58, 59n.34, 65, 100n.26, 108, 142, 220–25, 224n.79
Tama River
46 map, 61, 106, 106n.44, 220–22, 230 table, 247n.18
Tenryū River
107, 140, 229 table
Tomoe River
67
Tone River
2, 10, 37, 43–71, 46 map, 54n.20, 55n.24, 56 map, 61 fig., 71–88, 86 fig., 92, 94, 97, 100, 104–5, 114–20, 142–45, 143n.60, 203, 203n.20, 208, 229 table, 241–42, 245
fishing along
52–55, 85–88, 85n.120, 96, 99n.23, 236–37
flooding and flood control along
107, 108, 112–13, 117–18, 220–22, 27–31, 233–34, 248–49
Home Ministry’s administration of
140, 140n.46, 206, 211, 216, 216n.59, 217–218, 217n.62, 224, 225–31, 235–36, 238
Old Tone River
65
Tone Canal. see canals
water transport along
43–47, 43n.1, 50–51, 58, 67–71, 71–76, 73n.82, 73n.83, 76–85, 84n.117, 88, 99–104, 234–35
Tori River
117, 228, 228n.90
Uji River
3, 4 map, 9, 27–30, 28 fig., 30 fig., 33, 167–70, 178, 183, 185, 186–95, 216, 232, 235n.107, 246
Watarase River
46 map, 55, 56 map, 57, 62n.41, 68, 106n.45, 117, 217, 228
Yamato River
4 map, 18, 92, 111, 167n.9, 174, 229 table
Yoshino River
140, 203n.20, 216n.59, 229 table
Yodo River
2, 4 map, 9, 10, 12, 18, 27, 34–36, 35 fig., 35n.103, 37, 38–40, 61 fig., 68n.67, 74–76, 92, 105n.40, 127, 135–39, 140, 145–46, 148–50, 149n.73, 149n.74, 156, 163–66, 166–71, 169 map, 171n.20, 176 fig., 183–95, 200, 229 table, 241–42.
Yodo River Improvement Works
fishing along
184–85, 185n.68, 236
flooding and flood control along
157, 166n.8, 168–71, 168n.12, 169 map, 171n.17, 171n.19, 177, 189, 193–95, 193n.103, 207, 208, 232, 246, 248–49
Home Ministry’s administration of
140, 143, 143n.55, 164–66, 172–83, 174n.28, 195, 202–4, 203n.20, 206, 211, 216, 216n.58, 216n.59, 227, 232, 235–36
water transport along
175, 184, 185–87, 189, 190–91, 232, 234–35
rivers outside Japan:
Columbia River
199n.11
Danube River
198
Indus River
61 fig., 198
Huang he (Yellow River)
61 fig., 197
Mississippi River
61 fig., 198
Man’gyŏng River
243
Nile River
61 fig., 179, 238n.124, 239n.124
Rhine River
61 fig., 141, 159, 198, 198n.8
Rhône River
61 fig., 198, 223n.76
Sacramento River
198
Seine River
222–25, 224n.79
Yangzi River
55n.23
Zengwen River
243
river basin (ryūiki, bassin)
223
riverboats
3, 36, 71, 74, 75n.90, 82n.112, 102, 185–86, 186n.77.
water transport
boat pilots
43–48, 43n.1, 71–72, 73
boatwright
89, 104, 234n.103
chabune
73, 74 fig., 84
ferries (watashi)
186, 186n.76
Funakagami
73, 73n.85, 74 fig., 75
hiratabune
73, 76n.93
lighters (hashike)
82, 83, 83n.113, 84, 84n.116, 84n.117, 119
oshiokuribune
73
sanjikkokubune
34–35, 34n.102, 34n.103, 35 fig., 74–76, 76n.93, 186
steamboats
173, 186, 234–35, 235n.106
takasebune (takase riverboats)
43, 67n.61, 71–72, 73–76, 73n.83, 74 fig., 75n.89, 76n.92, 76n.93, 82, 84, 84n.117, 199, 233–34, 234n.103
towboat
64n.49
River Law (Kasenhō)
40, 139, 140, 196–97, 196n.1, 203–5, 203n.20, 211–19, 212n.46, 214n.55, 225–27, 238, 239, 241, 246, 246n.15, 250
riverports (kashi, kawaminato, hama, minato)
44, 68, 68n.67, 68n.69, 76–85, 88, 102, 185, 233–35.
Fushimi, Fukawa, Fusa, Sawara, Tsunomiya, ports for coastal and international shipping
Ajiki (Chiba Prefecture)
46 map, 87
Fuse (Chiba Prefecture)
46 map, 83, 84, 88, 102, 102n.30
Ka (Chiba Prefecture)
46 map, 84, 119
Kioroshi (Chiba Prefecture)
83
Kushibiki (Ibraki Prefecture)
44, 46 map, 67, 72
Matsudo (Chiba Prefecture)
46 map, 84, 119
Ōhori (Ibaraki and Chiba Prefectures)
46 map, 83, 84, 84n.116, 84n.117, 87, 119, 234n.103
Sekiyado (Chiba Prefecture)
46 map, 69, 83, 84, 119
riverscape
38, 51–70, 54n.19, 71, 74, 88–90, 103, 106, 130, 183, 233–34, 238, 241–42, 247
river water control (kasui tōsei)
244–45
Road Law (Dōrohō)
196, 214
Roberts, Luke
111n.62
Royal Academy of Civil Engineers in Delft (Delft University of Technology)
138n.43, 142, 142n.52
Royal Military Academy in Breda
142
Russo-Japanese War
216n.59, 219
Saint-Simonianism
153–54, 153n.88, 179
Saitama Prefecture
192, 206, 207, 208
Sakura Castle Town
46 map, 80, 80n.104
Saldanha, Arun
33n.96, 36n.108
sanjikkokubune. see riverboats
Sanjō Sanetomi
132
Sarugamata Village (Tokyo Prefecture)
107, 108
Sasagasaki Village (Tokyo Prefecture)
122
Sawara (Chiba Prefecture)
46 map, 52–55, 53 map, 77–85, 79 map, 80n.101, 88, 98n.20, 99, 101, 217, 228, 235n.106
scales, scalable
32, 32n.94, 36, 36n.108, 37, 95, 238, 250
Schatzki, Theodore
33n.96
science
31, 31n.90, 126, 127, 151–54, 156, 157, 162, 180–82, 203.
circulation of science and technology
“encyclopedic education”
151
hydrology
143, 157–59, 161, 223
objectivity
161, 180
“scientific nationalism”
182n.55
universalism
157, 161, 162, 180–81, 199, 200
Scott, James C.
181n.51, 223–24
legibility
103, 181, 225
mētis
177
second nature. see first nature
seasons, seasonal
34, 50, 71, 82, 85, 88
segmented structure (bunsetsu kōzō). see Yoshida Nobuyuki
Seibutsu no sekai (A Japanese View of Nature: The World of Things). see Imanishi Kinji
Sekiyado Castle Town
46 map, 56 map, 57, 97, 100, 228.
checkpoints, riverports
Shiga Prefecture
4 map, 164, 190–95, 191n.96, 209
Shinpen Musashi fudokikō
55n.25, 57n.26, 59
shipping agent (funayado)
35, 35n.103, 35–36, 35n.104, 36n.105, 99
Yamamotoya Kanpei
35, 35n.104
Shirane, Haruo
27n.82
Shūi miyako meisho zue
29–31, 30 fig.
Sippel, Patricia
95n.13
Shibane Village (Gunma Prefecture)
228
Smith, Robert Henry
134n.33
Soeda Yoshiya
172n.21
space, spatiality, spatial relations
32, 34, 80, 80n.103, 170–71, 250.
geographies
Spafford, David
51n.13
Special Flood Control Survey Committee (Rinji Chisui Chōsakai)
223n.76, 226–27, 233n.99
society (shakai)
3, 10–25, 22n.69, 23n.70, 40, 181–82, 202–5, 204n.2, 219, 239–40, 239n.123, 241.
see modern dualisms
state (kokka)
3, 11, 40, 197, 200–5, 219, 239–40.
modern dualisms and state effect
state debate (kokkaron)
92–94
state effect
197, 201–2, 201n.17, 204n.22, 239–40, 239n.124.
Timothy Mitchell
state-society relations
38, 40, 202
statist approaches
201, 201n.17
Steele, William
235n.110
Stolz, Robert
25, 130n.18
Sugiyama Shūkichi
171n.18
Suiri shinpō. see Ichikawa Yoshikata
Suzuki Bokushi
86
Takagi Bunpei
189n.89
Takahashi Yutaka
16
takasebune. see riverboats
Takehara Shunchōsai
26, 29
Tanabe Gizaburō
155
Tanabe Sakurō
189n.89
Tanaka Kyūgu
106, 106n.44
Tanaka Sukeshirō
193n.103, 194
Tanakura Village (Kyoto Prefecture)
Tanji Kenzō
11n.26
taxation
52–53, 65n.54, 66n.58, 67n.63, 71, 82–83, 87, 94, 96–97, 97n.18, 98, 98n.20, 99, 105, 110–13, 111n.62, 121n.101
modern land tax
131, 187n.80, 205–6, 206n.23
tax river (unjō kawa) for fishing
53n.17, 99n.23
tax, registration, and stamps (gokuin) for boats
73, 73n.84, 101–4, 102n.30
tax shipments
44, 67–68, 67n.65, 69, 70, 81, 82, 84, 88, 92, 99, 99n.24, 100, 102, 103
tea
185, 185n.72, 186
wharf tax (kashi unjō)
83
technical assistants and students (kōsei, minarai). see engineering education
technocrat (gijutsu kanryō)
40, 126, 165, 179, 179n.44, 181, 195, 196, 197, 223
techno-political framing
40, 126–28, 134, 156, 158, 161, 177, 195, 196, 202–5, 204n.21, 205–19, 223–25, 225, 232–33, 238–40, 239n.124, 241, 244, 246–47, 250
externalizing
40, 219, 247
flooding as problem
163–66, 167, 172, 177, 179, 183, 192–95, 202–5, 208, 241–42, 246–49
concentration of power
179–80
technology. circulation of science and technology
during Tokugawa period
109–10, 109n.58, 110n.60, 125–30, 125n.1, 136, 137 fig.
in modern period
128, 144 fig., 145, 152, 154, 156, 178 fig., 182, 218
Tega Marsh. see marshes
tetsudai bushin
111–14, 111n.62, 119
Thissen, Alphonse Th. J. H.
139n.45, 143, 146, 147n,66, 149, 173
Thomas, Julia
24
time and temporality
32, 33–34, 33n.97, 33n.98, 50, 87, 88, 170–71, 250
Toby, Ronald
93n.8
Tokugawa government
37–38, 47, 69–70, 81, 91–95, 95–104, 104–14, 114–20, 120–22, 133
in the Kinai region
94, 105n.40, 191
kōgi (authority)
93, 96
vis-à-vis domain lords
93n.8, 94n.12, 97, 111, 111n.62, 113, 119, 133
Tokugawa Iesada
47
Tokugawa Ieyasu
51, 54n.22, 63, 97
Tokugawa Ieyoshi
46
Tokugawa Tsunenari
17, 17n.47
Tokugawa Yoshimune
104
Tokyo City
203, 219–25, 231, 238, 249
Tokyo Imperial University (Tōkyō Teikoku Daigakkō)
150n.75, 151n.76, 155, 155n.95
Tōkyō Kaisei Gakkō
134n.33, 150, 151, 155n.95
Tokyo University (Tōkyō University)
155
Tokyo Vocational University (Tōkyō Shōkō Gakkō)
156
Tone Canal. see canals
Tonegawa zushi. see Akamatsu Sōtan
Tone River. see rivers in Japan
Totman, Conrad
19, 105–6, 188n.81, 188n.82
Toyama Prefecture
187n.79, 192n.100, 208–9, 212n.46, 233n.99
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
9
transnational. see circulation of science and technology
translingual practice
21–23, 21n.65
Treaty of Kanagawa
47
Tsing, Anna
32n.94, 36, 36n.108
Tsunomiya Village
46 map, 52–55, 53 map, 58, 76–77, 77 fig., 79 map, 81, 88, 96
Tsuzuki Keiroku
214, 214n.55
Tulla, Johann Gottfried
159, 159n.102, 198n.8
typhoons
107
Ui Jun
18, 18n.50, 48n.8
Umesao Tadao
14n.39
United States
125, 141, 151n.76, 197, 198.
Iwakura Mission
“levees only” approach
198
universalism. see science
University of Paris
154
usufruct rights
9n.23, 52–53, 87, 96, 99n.23, 183–84, 196, 213–15.
commons
Uraga
69n.71, 100n.26
Van Doorn, Cornelis Johannes
127n.9, 139, 140–45, 144 fig., 145n.61, 147n.68, 173
villages
47–51, 77–78, 80, 105n.41
autonomous village
48, 48n.8, 88
village community debate (sonraku kyōdōtai ron)
village headmen
121–22
village corveé and obligations (murayaku)
112–13, 114, 133
volcanos
Mount Asama
95, 114–20, 115 fig., 114n.78, 118n.92, 226, 232
Mount Fuji
107, 116, 227
Walker, Brett
24, 25n.76
Watanabe Takashi
184n.63
waterfowl
4, 6, 71, 85, 103, 164
water transport
50–51, 67, 68–71, 76–85, 99–104, 140, 164–66, 177, 177n.37, 184, 185–87, 189, 190–91, 199, 232, 233–35, 242.
riverboats, Tone River, Yodo River
Riverboat Inspector (Kawabune Aratameyaku)
73n.85, 104–5
riverboat magistrates (kawabune bugyō)
99–104
Riverboat Magistrates Office (Kawabune Bugyōsho)
69
Home Ministry’s promotion and regulation of
131–34, 135, 143–46, 149, 149n.74, 162, 172–73, 175, 213, 217–18
scholarship on water transport
10–11, 11n.26, 84–85
water use (risui)
167.
fishers and freshwater fishing, irrigation, water transport
water supply to cities
63, 64–65, 64n.49, 65n.52, 164, 189, 190n.92, 225, 244
waterwheel
34, 35 fig., 36, 36n.106, 164, 183–84, 184n.62
Watsuji Tetsurō
12–14, 12n.29, 16, 25, 34, 185
Fūdo: ningengakuteki kōsatsu
12–14, 12n.29, 16
Rinrigaku (Ethics)
12n.29
weather
72
winds (fushi, inasa, narai)
72, 72n.79,
difficult winds (nanpū)
82
weather stations
Naguri (Saitama Prefecture)
221
Ōtsu (Shiga Prefecture)
4 map, 168, 169
weir (iseki)
183–84
Westerviel, Johannes Nicolaas
139n.45
wetlands
204, 217, 226, 228, 232, 236, 242–44, 247.
lakes, marshes, reclamation
floodplains (ryūsakuba)
57, 66n.58, 105, 109, 121, 133, 195, 206n.24, 225, 242, 245
wharf merchant (kashi tonya)
68, 83
White, Gilbert
182n.52
White, Richard
11n.27, 162n.113, 199n.11
Wigen, Kären
36n.107, 51n.14, 127, 180n.48
winds. see weather
women
100, 100n.27
work
49–51, 54, 71, 89–90, 162, 162n.113, 233, 233n.99, 233n.100, 242
Yamada Shōzaburō
207, 216
Yamada Torakichi
151, 154, 155n.93
Yamagata Aritomo
175, 209, 211, 214n.55
Yamaguchi Hanroku
151, 154
Yamazaki Yūkō
157, 157n.97
Yanabu Akira
23
Yanagita Kunio
233
Yanaka Village (Tochigi Prefecture)
217, 228
Yodo Castle Town
34, 35 fig., 36n.106, 138
Yodo River. see rivers in Japan
Yodo River Improvement Works (Yodogawa Kairyō Kōji)
6–7, 178 fig., 203, 216–17, 225, 227
1890 proposal by Johannis De Rijke
172–78, 174n.28, 178n.41, 179n.45, 180–82, 180n.47, 203
1894 proposal by Okino Tadao
172, 175–82, 176 fig., 177n.37, 178n.41, 180n.47, 212, 216, 218
Yodo Town
4 map, 5, 34, 203
Yoshida Hatsusaburō
6n.12
Yoshida Nobuyuki
38n.109, 80n.103
segmented (bunsetsu) relations and structures
38, 95, 96, 98, 113, 121, 133, 203
Yumoto Yoshinori
192, 192n.100, 206–8, 206n.26, 208n.28, 210, 211, 216, 226