Index
Abacha, General Sani
30, 37
Abba na Shehu
43
Abdul Azīz, Umar bin
4
Abdullah, Rose
181
Abdullahi, YÅ«suf
25n6, 32, 136
Abdulmuhyi, Ustaz Nasir
216
Abdulmumin, Malam
97
Abdulqadir, Garba
209n34
Abdulrazaq, Shaykh
99
Abdurrahman, Lawal Adam
52, 52n36, 53n37, 97, 103n28, 103n29, 104, 105, 105n30, 121, 121n6, 128, 128n18, 131, 132, 132n24, 143, 143n44, 143n45, 143n46, 177, 178n31, 195, 195n11, 216n37
Abdurrasheed, Abdulwahab
118, 118n48
Abdurrasheed, Musa
201, 201n23
Abeokuta
117
Abiola, Zakari
118n47, 203, 203n27
ABN AMRO Bank
22
Abu DÄwÅ«d
154n1
Abu Ubayd
157
Abūbakar, Atiku
28n7
AbÅ«bakar, KhÄlid Aliyu
135, 135n29, 149, 163, 163n13, 185, 185n43, 192, 192n3, 195, 195n10
Abūbakar, Lawal
107
Abūbakar, Sadiq
75n12, 106, 109
Abūbakar, Umar
131n23, 132n25, 144n49, 196n12, 196n13, 197n15
Abuja
29â31, 40, 66, 161, 193, 207, 208
market
47, 159n6
AC Milan
164n15
academics
173
Adamawa State
42n23, 123n10
Administrative Council
108
Afghanistan
70
Africa
2, 25, 26, 28, 29, 32, 224
Ahlus Sunnah
192n2
Ahmadu Bello
99n18
Ahmadu Bello Way
47
Ain Madhi
97
Akawu, Umaru
97
Al Jazeera
23n1
Alabi, Alhaji
159, 159n6
alcoholic drinks
132
Alele, Shaykh
97
Alfa, Karamoko (Alfa Ba)
27
Algeria
93, 97
Ali Kazaure
43
Ali, Inuwa
103
Alkali, courts
35, 42
Allah
2, 5, 23, 56, 59, 85, 92n6, 93, 99, 101, 121, 125, 127, 132, 133, 133n27, 137, 149, 153, 155â157, 182, 194n8, 198, 201, 202, 217, 218
almÄjirai
38n19, 52, 123, 158
Almoravid, movement
26
Amadu Lobbo, Seku
28
ambergris
135
Aminu, Naʾiya
77, 78, 78n17, 87, 90, 90n2, 139, 139n37, 140, 142, 149, 151, 151n59, 152n60, 166, 166n17, 167, 170, 170n26, 180n35, 184, 184n40, 198, 198n18, 204, 205, 205n29, 208, 208n32
amputation
35
amwÄl al-bÄá¹ina (cash and business assets)
4
amwÄl al-áºÄhira (crops and livestock)
4
Anaguta
xi, 45
Angwan Keke
110
Angwan Rimi
78n18, 110, 129n21, 133n28, 149n56, 155n2, 183n39, 193, 200
Angwan Rogo
49, 193, 200
animals
75n12, 113, 115, 221
AnsÄrul Islam Society
91, 118, 118n48, 201n23
anthropologists
5, 13, 15, 18, 19, 62, 66, 218
anthropology
5, 220
aqīqa
80
Arab
32, 160
countries
23n1, 36n17, 102n26, 176
Arabi, Abūbakar
178n32
Arabi, Ahmad
97, 126
Arabi, Ahmadu
103, 132, 178, 178n32
Arabic
22, 23n1, 28, 36n17, 52n36, 56, 60, 85, 94, 95, 96n10, 97, 102n26, 104, 105, 105n31, 107, 110, 111n36, 118, 132, 135, 144, 176, 177
studies
176
Teachersâ College
112
armed robbery
38, 222
Arsenal football club
164n15
Askiya al-ḤÄjj Muḥammad (or Askia the Great)
26
asnÄf al-thamÄniya
149, 184, 188
Atika and Hajara Foundation
192n4
Atlantic Ocean
44
Attahiru I, Caliph
33
Audun Ajuji
97
Awe
44
awqÄf
22
Ayode, Abdul
159, 159n5
Azare
99n18
Azhar University
23n1
Azharī
23
Baal, Sulaiman
28
Baba, Liman Malam
101
Babangida, Ali
121, 141, 197, 197n16, 218, 218n40
babban riga
50, 52n36
Babs, see under Hassan, Ibrahim Baba
193
Babuje, HÄmisu Abdullahi Dorawar
97
Badamasi, Alhaji
217
Baghdad
93
Bahrain
124
Bakatsine, Malam Garba
97
Bala, Alhaji
142
Bala, Major
112
balangu
63
Balewa, Abūbakar Tafawa
37
Bamba, Ahmadu
93
Bambara
28
bandīri (drumming)
92, 95â97
Bandiri, Muazu Umaru Mai
97
Bangladesh
91, 124
Banza-Bakwai
31
Barde, Sarki
42
Barkin Ladi
41
Bashear, Suliman
23
Bassa
111n36, 193
Bauchi
39, 45, 194
Bauchi Junction
57
Bauchi Light Railway
42
Bauchi Province
41
Bauchi Road
92, 178n32, 183
Bauchi State
105n31, 112, 116, 123n10
Bauchi, DÄhiru Usman
100
Bauchi, Emir of
42n21, 103, 107
Bayero University Kano (BUK)
122n9
Bayero, Abdullahi
99n18
Bayero, Ado
99n18
beans
81, 144n48
beggars
16, 38n19, 54, 56, 57, 63, 68, 81, 85, 122, 123, 156, 158, 182, 205, 215
disguised
157
professional
156, 157
begging
3, 38n19, 52, 52n35, 54, 156â158, 162
Bello, Ahmad
98n16
Bello, Ahmadu
35â37, 102
Bello, Muḥammad
98, 98n16
Ben Amara, Ramzi
94, 98, 105n31, 106n31, 112
benevolence
177, 214
Benin
45, 197, 215n36
Republic of
106
Benue-Plateau State
43, 101, 101n23, 178n32
Benue Province
43
Benue State
123n10
Berlin
18, 19, 54n39, 195, 203
Berom
x
Bicos, Adamu
128
Bida
33
biki
9, 102
BilÄd al-Sudan
25, 26, 29
Bingel, Anthony
42
Binji, Halliru
106
Biram (now Hadeja)
31
blindness
157
Boko Haram
18, 38, 54n38
Borneo
184
Borno
27, 28, 31, 44, 98, 106n31
kingdom
31
Shehu of
103
State
32, 94, 111n36, 123n10
Bornu Empire
31, 32
bribery
30n8, 132, 197n14
bribes
9, 193
bribing
194n7
British
ix, 20, 29, 33, 33n11, 34, 35, 35n13, 36n15, 39, 41â43, 97, 125
conquest of northern Nigeria
28n7
Brunei
184
Brunei Darussalam
184
Bukar Aji, King
27
Bukhari, Sahih al-
14
Bukuru
43
military depot
43
Bundu
27
Bunu, Sarki
42, 42n21
Bunza, Umar
33, 35
buried treasure
135
business
4, 5, 17, 42, 45, 46n27, 47, 47n29, 48, 49n32, 50â52, 54, 55, 60, 61, 65n1, 66, 67, 69, 78â80, 85, 87, 91, 106n31, 117, 120, 121, 126, 128, 128n19, 129, 132, 133n28, 134, 136, 138, 140â143, 147, 154, 156â158, 160, 161, 167, 168, 172, 173, 175, 179, 181â183, 186, 198, 206, 210, 218, 222
used goods
197
Cairo
97, 98n16
caliphate
4, 28n7, 33, 34, 98, 123, 126
Carnegie, Andrew
58
Carrier, James
10, 16, 64, 66, 78, 220
Chad
40
charity
14, 51, 56â58, 80, 81, 93, 119n2, 130, 131, 133, 157, 161, 183
chastity
194n9
childbirth
2, 65, 67, 69, 74n10, 75, 75n12, 194, 204n28
China
45
Christian Association of Nigeria (CAN)
30
Christian
minority
36n15
politicians
37n18
schools
196n14
Christian(s)
29â31, 36, 37, 41, 43, 44, 46, 51, 87, 89, 103, 167, 201
churches
39
community
13, 19
minority
37
missionaries
35
Christianity
34
converts to
34n12
Christians
30n8, 31n10, 36n15, 37n18
Christmas
13
Church of Christ in Nations (COCIN)
39
circumcision
27, 75
civil servants
78, 78n18, 87, 129, 132, 142, 143, 154, 161, 173
civil service
129
class
7, 70, 171, 210, 214
aristocratic
128
business
60, 129
differences
1, 195, 200, 206, 210
divide
165
economic
58
lower
14, 32, 207n31, 209
merchant
27
middle
47, 143, 162
social
190, 219
structure
148, 209
upper
208, 209
cleansing
81, 98n16, 131
Cliggett, Lisa C.
6, 9, 16
clothes
16, 38n19, 45, 46, 50â52, 64, 66n2, 71, 71n6, 73, 75, 79, 82n19, 86, 96, 127, 144n47, 149, 157, 158, 162, 170, 172, 181, 187, 196, 196n13, 200, 206
colonial
33n11, 40
administration
41, 42
government
125
job market
35
occupation
20
officers
34
period
37
post-
92
power
34
pre-
26, 29, 92
rule
ix, 33, 44, 167
soldiers
43
tax reform
29
colonists
41
Commercial Area
42
commodity exchange
13, 16, 86
compassion
132, 153, 195
competition
58, 104, 108, 144n48, 176â178, 196n14, 204, 222
Congo Road
52, 120n4, 148n54, 217n39
consumption
22, 82, 140
corrupt
32, 48, 165
corruption
27, 30n8, 33, 38, 46n26, 104, 107, 129, 132, 193, 197n14
Cotonou
106, 197
coup, military
37, 101n23
courtship
69, 70, 80
credit
55, 66, 91
crime
13
religious
71n7
crises, MuslimâChristian
44, 47, 49, 51, 52, 87, 89, 104, 112, 112n37, 148, 164n15, 166, 167, 201
crops
4, 135, 136
culture
1, 10, 11, 13, 17, 56, 57, 63â65, 73, 78, 82, 120, 160, 183, 196n13, 198n19
Hausa
7, 33, 34, 50, 74, 150n57, 195n9, 214, 215
of giving
134
Dagin, Ahmadu
97
Dahiru, Adam
11, 65, 65n1
Dalhatu
43
Alhaji
1, 180
Nafisa
1, 1n1
Damaturu
149n56
College of Education
155n2
Dan London, see under Gwani, Muḥammad Adam
192n4
Danfodio, Aisha
28n7
Danfodio, Hadiza
28n7
Danfodio, Hauwaʾu
28n7
Danfodio, Maimunam
28n7
Danfodio, Uthman
ix, 20, 28, 28n7, 32, 33, 35n14, 93, 94, 98, 98n16, 125
Dantata family
214
DÄr Fur
27
DÄr Masalit
27
DÄr á¹¢ila
27
Daura
31
de Zayas, G. Farishta
4
death
10, 48, 64, 65, 76, 95, 172, 194, 209, 210, 222
debt
8, 12, 15, 24, 74, 76, 86, 87, 135, 137n33, 138, 157, 168, 169
demand
123
aggregate
22
Denyanke rulers
28
Department of ZakÄt and Waqf
112â117, 126, 223
Derrida, Jacques
16
Deutsche Bank
22
dhikr
92, 94â96, 99n17, 102, 162
Dikko, Hassan
109
Dilimi
49n31, 55n41, 108n34, 118, 118n48, 124n12, 174n29, 178n33, 185n42, 185n44, 209n33
Dilimi market
118
Dilimi Street
47
Dilimi, River
40
Dimka, Buka Suka
101n23
Dingiray
98n16
disabilities
187, 205
disability
157, 161
disabled
2, 54, 182
diseases
49, 72
distinctive relationship
213â215
district councils
43
divorce
70, 72, 172
dīya
138
doctors
46, 173
Dogon Dutse
106n31
Doha
23n1
Doka Mosque
106n31
Dome of Rock
98n16
Dosso
197
dowry
71, 71n6, 187
drugs
46, 49n32, 132
Duala
121n7, 137n32, 142n43, 149n55, 156n3
Duala Nasarawa
121n7, 164n15
Dukku
178n32
Durkheim, Ãmile
64
Dutse (Gadawur)
97
East Africa
94
economy
13, 33, 36, 37, 39, 88, 173
gift
86
education
15, 22n1, 27, 33, 36, 38, 38n19, 39, 48, 52n35, 52n36, 54, 55n40, 103, 105, 107, 116, 116n43, 119n2, 160, 162â164, 169, 171, 173, 182, 185â187, 192, 196n14
Islamic
107, 176, 178n32
Western
35, 36, 149, 171
Egypt
23n1, 44, 57, 59, 98n16, 124, 176
Egyptian
23n1, 26
Eid Grant
187
elderly
12, 67, 79, 182
electricity
48, 49, 54, 160
empathy
130, 197
English
18, 55n40, 60, 74, 103, 107, 176
language
196n14
entitlements
57
Enugu
47
envy
204, 212
Erckanka
30
ethnic conflict
43
ethnicity
214
Europe
45
European
13, 22, 42
European league
164n15
European Reservation Area (ERA)
42
Evangelical Church Winning All (ECWA)
39
extended family
79, 147
farm produce
28, 115, 222
farmers
7, 27, 80, 115, 117, 136n30, 186
farming
138
fasting
23n1, 27, 56, 96, 135, 162
fatwas
22n1, 108, 185n41
favouritism
205
Federal House of Representatives
193
Fez
97, 101n22
Filin Ball
1n1, 47, 132n26, 145n51, 150n58, 168n21, 191n1
finance strategy
88
fiqh (jurisprudence)
24n4
fiqh (jurisprudence)
3, 28, 59, 90, 112, 176, 180, 185
fiqh (jurisprudence)
105n31, 126n15
First Aid Group
104
see also Ê¿Yan Agaji
109
First Bank
128n20, 139
fīsabīlillah
64, 85, 169
FityÄnul Islam
100
Fodio, Muḥammadu
28n7
football
164n15
France
45
Freie Universität
18, 19
French
98, 98n16
Fulani
x, 20, 21, 28, 31, 31n9, 32, 34, 36n15, 41, 98n16, 99, 105n31, 115, 222
Fulbe
28
fund raisers
14
fundraising
109
fuqara
120n5
fuqarÄ
24n4, 59
Futa Jalon
27, 93, 98n16
Futa Toro
28, 98n16
gambling
132
Gambo, Khadija Hawaja
55, 55n40, 55n41, 79, 124, 124n12, 159, 173, 174, 174n29, 175, 176, 178, 178n33, 185, 185n42, 185n44, 192, 192n3, 208, 209n33
Ganduje, Abdullahi
99n18
Gangare
43, 200, 200n22
Garba Daho
43
Garba, Ahmed
167, 167n18, 168, 168n20
Gaya
197
Gaye, Ahmadi
27
gender
8, 171, 173, 192
generosity
58, 73, 79, 193n4
Germany
18, 19, 45, 68, 85, 160n9, 195, 203
GhÄli, Sidi Muḥammad al-
98n16
Ghana
25, 107, 215n36
GhazÄlÄ«, Abu Hamid Muḥammad al-
59
gift exchange
2, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 13, 15, 16, 62â64, 66â68, 73â75, 86, 87, 190, 220, 221, 223
Moka
74
studies
11
theory of
2
gift relationship
10, 79, 87
Gobir
28n7, 31
Gombe
39, 40
Gombe State
116, 123n10, 178n32
Gombe State University
19
Gomwalk, Joseph Dechi
101, 101n23
gossip
66n2, 164, 164n15, 175, 213
Government House
207
Government Reservation Area (GRA)
42n22
Gowon, Lieutenant-General Yakubu
37, 43
graduation
35, 38, 67, 68, 85, 105n31, 197n14
Grail Message
30
grain
28, 81, 144n48
greetings
1, 66, 85, 198
Gregory, C.A.
13, 74, 76, 86, 88
grief
77
groundnut oil
46
Guaranty Trust Bank
139
Gumi, Abūbakar Mahmud
102, 102n26, 103, 104, 105n31, 106, 107
Gummi
102n26
Gwani, Muḥammad Adam
192, 192n4, 214
Gwanjo, Muḥammad Mai
133n28
Gwari
31
Gwaskwaron
105n31
Habib, Ahmed
55
HabÄ«bullah, Dr KamÄluddeen
118
Hadeja (formerly Biram)
31
ḥadith
3, 14, 24n4, 121, 130, 132, 142, 155, 157, 160
Hafez, Muhammad S.
137
HÄfiz, Shaykh Muḥammad al-
97
hailala
99, 101
al-hÄja
164
ḥajj
26, 66, 82n19, 109, 130, 135, 192, 205
Hakim bin Hizam
14
ḥalÄl
161
Hanafi
24n4, 136
scholars
165
school of thought
24n4
Hanbali
94, 180
Hanbali School
139
Hanbalite
93
Hanifa, Abu
24n4
HarÄzimi, Aliyu
99n17
Hari Krishna Consciousness
30
Haruna, Malam
41
Haruna, Usman Abūbakar
87, 127, 127n17, 144
Hassan, Abdal Rahman
143
Hassan, Bura
128
Hassan, Ibrahim Baba (Babs)
193
Hassan, Prophet Muḥammad
94, 97, 180
Hassan, Sale
128
Hausa
7, 15, 18, 20, 30, 31, 31n9, 32, 34â36, 36n15, 39, 40, 42, 45, 49â51, 54, 60, 64, 66, 73, 74, 78, 80, 85, 89, 96n10, 99, 102n26, 111, 114, 118, 126n15, 128â130, 148, 162, 176, 196n14
Hausa-Bakwai
31
Hausa, community
11, 19, 32, 41, 57, 65â70, 72, 77, 79, 81, 84, 148, 163, 209, 213
Hausa, culture
7, 8, 17, 33, 34, 50, 64, 74, 150n57, 196, 198n19, 202n25, 214, 215
Hausa, domination
34, 37, 42, 46
Hausa, gown
52n36
Hausa, Muslims
20, 45â47, 47n29, 62â64, 68, 69, 85, 120, 126, 147, 167, 220
Hausa, non-Muslim
34n12
Hausa, population
39, 51n34
Hausa, society
9, 10, 12, 21, 32, 56, 72, 80, 81, 87, 151, 163, 171, 190, 194, 195n9
Hausa, states
32
Hausa, traders
41, 44, 46, 118
Hausa, women
9, 21, 41, 46, 76, 171, 173, 174, 174n29, 175, 192n2, 196, 196n13, 222
Hausaland
28, 28n7, 31, 32, 44
Hawmat al-Bilda
97
healthcare
69, 91, 103, 108, 119n2, 171, 187
Helwar
98n16
hierarchy
13, 70, 95, 109, 115, 209, 214
high table
21, 209â214
high-table
223
Hill, Jonathan
93
Hindu, cycle of life and death
10
HIV/AIDS
72, 194n9
hospitality
57, 58, 62
House of Assembly
193
Hubare
28n7
Hugh-Jones, Stephen
5
Humphrey, Caroline
5
Hussain, Prophet
94
Ê¿ibÄda (worship)
2, 127, 132, 217, 224
Ibadan
106n31
Ibi
41
Ibn Faris
23
Ibn QudÄma al-MaqdisÄ«
180
Ibrahim Katsina
43
Ibrahim, Murtala
93n7
Ibrahim, Umar
192
Ibro, Malam
100
Ä«d
1, 9, 13, 23n2, 81, 82, 113, 135, 144, 144n47, 161, 172, 181, 188, 203
Ä«d
81
Ä«d al-adḥÄ
82, 82n19, 144n47
Ê¿Ä«d al-fiá¹r
81
Ê¿Ä«d al-fiá¹r
82n19
identity
10, 14, 19, 36n16, 94, 110, 111, 145, 151
cards
40
cultural
36
loss of
34
Idris, Ismaila
108, 111, 111n36, 112
Igbo
30, 36n15, 37, 41, 43, 46, 47, 99, 128, 128n19, 171
ihsÄn
56
illness
2, 52n35, 54, 59, 64, 74, 76, 77, 121, 148, 150, 161, 168, 194, 222
Ilorin
31
Imo, Cyril O.
44
income tax
135
indebtedness
14
independence
20, 34, 35, 37, 102
post-
37
India
33n11, 45, 114
indirect rule
34, 41
Indonesia
45, 91
industries
38, 43, 48, 54
infÄq
22
inheritance
52n36, 173
innovations
102n26, 107, 117, 188
inter/intra-gift exchange relationship
68
International Crisis Group (ICG)
33
investment
12, 22
Iran
89, 122
Iraqi
93
Iro, Ibrahim
100, 101, 101n20, 102n24
irrigation
135
Isa, Abdullahi
194
Isah, Nawas
140, 140n40
Isichei, Elizabeth
44
Islam
2â5, 17, 19, 20, 24â28, 31, 32, 34, 36, 36n16, 36n17, 44, 55n40, 56, 58, 60, 74, 80, 93, 94, 96, 98, 99, 102â104, 107, 114, 121, 122, 125, 126n15, 130, 131, 136, 149, 161, 162, 166, 169, 170, 175, 177, 178, 184, 192, 192n3, 195n9, 217, 220, 221
expansion of
36n15
history of
28, 96n11
Islamic
2â4, 8, 20, 21, 25, 27, 32, 36n17, 37n18, 51, 52n36, 55, 60, 81, 97, 102n26, 104, 108, 110, 114, 119, 121, 124, 130, 135, 155, 171, 174, 176, 182, 221
Islamic Bulletin
56
Islamic Movement
89, 89n1
Islamic Religious Council
184
Islamic University of Niger (Oum Al-Qura)
23n1
Islamic
banking
22
charity
58
education
178n32, 192
law
ix, 8, 22n1, 23, 26, 27, 29, 35, 122, 171
reform
26â29
revolution
122
scholars
21, 26, 49n31, 222, 223
schools
68, 99, 176
sciences
97
social structures
22
state
4, 26, 91, 91n4, 125, 155, 159
studies
22n1, 55n40, 105, 107, 110, 111, 124, 162, 176
system
26, 27, 29
taxation
26, 27, 29
un-
107
welfare system
58
Islamiyya School
178n32
Islamization
26, 36n16, 37
Isyaku, Alhaji
140
Izala
17, 18, 20, 25n6, 90, 105, 106, 106n31, 107, 108, 108n34, 116, 117, 117n45, 126, 168, 192n2, 210, 216, 217
Izala 1
110, 111
Izala 2
110, 111
Izala Society
18, 60, 68, 77, 77n16, 89â93, 99n17, 100, 101n21, 102, 102n25, 102n26, 105, 107â110, 112, 113, 113n38, 113n39, 114, 114n40, 115, 115n41, 115n42, 116, 116n44, 117, 117n46, 126, 127, 141, 147, 169, 179, 186, 192, 206, 206n30, 207n31, 215, 215n36, 216, 223
Jahun Fulani
105n31
JailÄni, Ê¿Abd al-QÄdir
93, 96
Jallonke chiefdoms
27
JamÄʾat Izalat al-bidÊ¿a wa-IqÄmat al-Sunna (JIBWIS)
89, 126n15
JamÄʾat Nasril Islam
102
JamÄʾat Nasril Islam (JNI)
17
JamÄʾat Nasril Islam (JNI)
30, 36, 52n36, 53, 89, 91, 92, 100, 102, 103, 103n28, 103n29, 104, 105, 105n30, 105n31, 111n36, 112, 121, 132n24, 135, 138, 141, 177, 178n31, 195n11, 216, 216n37
Japan
45
Jarawa (Afizere)
x
Jarkasa
95
Jazairi, Abūbakar Jabir al-
25
Jenin ZakÄt Committee
187
Jenta Adamu
43
Jenta Apata
106n31
Jerusalem
98n16
Jigawa State
123n10
jihÄd
27, 28n7, 94, 98, 169
JilÄni, Ê¿Abd al-QÄdir al-
94
Jingir, Sani Yahaya
108, 111, 111n36, 210, 216
Jingir, Sani Yahya
111n36
Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board (JAMB)
196n14
Jos Central Mosque
52n36, 53, 53n37, 103n28, 103n29, 104, 105n30, 121n6, 128n18, 132n24, 143n44, 143n45, 143n46, 156, 178n31, 192n4, 205, 216n37
Jos Division
43
Jos East
43
Jos Flour Mills Ltd
48
Jos North
43, 193
Jos South
43
Jos Township Stadium
84
Jumba, Adamu
107
jurisprudence
3, 32, 105n31, 120, 130, 136
Kabara, Nasiru
94, 95, 97
Kabir, Maryam
71, 71n5, 73, 73n9, 74, 75, 76n14
Kabir, Sanusi
200, 200n22, 201
Kabir, Sidiyya al-
93
Kaduna
34, 36n15, 42n23, 102, 104, 105n31, 106, 110, 112, 138n35
Kaduna State
89, 123n10
Kaduna State University
135
Kafinga, Shaykh
99n18
Kagara, Bello
103
Kahf, Monzer
22
Kalakato
106n31
Kamri, Nor Ê¿Azzah
140, 182
Kanem-Bornu
94
Kanem-Bornu Empire
28
Kanem Empire
31
Kano
27, 31, 32, 39, 40, 44, 45, 47, 47n29, 94â96, 98, 99, 99n18, 100, 105n31, 106, 111n36, 138n35, 139, 166, 214
Kano State
40, 123n10, 138
Kano, School for Arabic Studies
178n32
Kanuri
x, 31
Kaolack
99, 101
Karbala
122n8
karma
10
Katsina
27, 31, 39, 40
Katsina State
123n10
Katsina, Emir of
103
Kebbi
31
Kebbi State
123n10
Keke-Napep
8, 40, 45, 49, 130
Keshki, Abdulhamid
23n1
Khalil, Hassan
105n31
Khallaf, Abd al Wahab
143
KhÄmis, Idris Muḥammad
129, 129n21, 132, 149, 149n56, 155, 155n2, 159, 180, 183, 183n39, 192
KhÄmis, Yaʾu
108n34
Khan, Shanza
171, 173, 187
Khattab, Umar bin
96, 139
Khokhar, Shahbar
127
khums
56, 122
khuá¹ba
74
KhuzÄma, Ibn
121
kidnapping
38, 222
knowledge
14, 33, 55n40, 60, 95, 102n26, 120, 124, 154, 162, 169, 174, 176, 186, 191, 191n2, 192n3, 199, 207
Kogi State
123n10
Kogo, Musa
103
Kontagora
106n31
Kowa Mosque
106n31
Krausman, Ilana Ben-Amos
62, 67, 77, 88
Kunti, Sidi al-MukhtÄr al-
93
Kuntiyya
95
Kurfi, Umar I.
35
Kuwait
124
Kwade, Yahaya
103
Kwanan Shagari
78n17, 90n2, 152n60, 166n17, 170n26, 180n35, 184n40, 198n18, 205n29, 208n32,37, 139n37
Kwara State
118, 123n10
Kwararrafa
31
Labaran, Baba
78, 78n18, 162
labour market
173
labourers
41â43, 46â48, 91, 100, 163, 198, 198n17, 201, 206
Lagos
40, 45, 47, 66
Laidlaw, James
16
landlords
142
Laranto (Katako) market
17, 45â47, 121, 125n13, 125n14, 127, 127n17, 131n23, 132n25, 138n36, 141n41, 141n42, 144n49, 148n53, 158n4, 161, 161n11, 161n12, 163n14, 168n22, 169n23, 175n30, 182n37, 196, 196n12, 197n15, 199, 199n20, 201, 202n24
Laranto (Katako) Market
86n20
lashing
35, 35n14
Lau, Bala Lau
111
Laushi, Ahmadu
128, 183
Lawal, Liman
101
Lawal, Mustafa
161, 161n12
Laws, Lieutenant-Colonel H.W.
41
lawyers
143, 173
leprosy
157
Leprosy Patient Programme
187
livestock
4, 24, 28, 135, 136, 136n30, 222
London
41
love
10, 11, 59, 66, 69, 70, 79, 80, 131, 133, 153, 155, 178, 190, 195, 197, 199, 201, 202, 205, 216, 218
loyalty
105, 192, 201, 208, 215, 216
group
21, 215
Lugard, Frederick
33, 33n11
Lugard, Lady Flora
33n11
Maʾahad al-Islam, school
96
Madaki, Colonel Joshua Mamman
43
Madīna
27, 98n16, 121, 131
University of
129
Madras
33n11
madrasa
84, 94, 204
Maghīlī, Abu ʿAbd Allah Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Karim al-
26
Maghreb
44, 93
Mahdī movement
29
Mahdī, Muḥammad Ahmad ibn ʿAbd Allah al-
29
Mahdist revolution
29
Mahran, Maimun bin
142
Maiduguri
40, 111n36
Maigandu, Musa Muḥammad
111
Maihula, Shehu
99n18
Main market
47
majalisa
54, 66n2, 86, 161, 164, 164n15, 190, 208, 211
Makka
97, 98, 98n16, 104, 160
malaria
49
Malaysia
91
Mali
32
Malik Sy
27
MÄliki
136, 185
MÄliki School
24, 28, 135, 136, 139
MÄliki, Ahmad al-
24, 25
Maljaʾu al-Sunna
110
primary school
110
Mamluk
57, 59
Mamman, Alhaji
208
Mana, Lieutenant-Colonel
43
Manchester United
164n15
Mandara
27
Mango Street
145n50, 167n18, 168n20
Mangu
100
marriage(s)
2, 11, 41, 49, 52n36, 55n40, 65, 67â71, 71n6, 72, 73, 73n8, 74, 74n10, 77, 157, 163, 168, 172, 173, 187, 194, 204n28, 210
arranged
70
inter-marriage
31, 31n9
monogamous
163
polygamous
163
remarriage
172
masÄkÄ«n
24n4, 59, 120n5
Masina
28
Masina Diina region
28
Massallacin Idi
197n16, 218n40
Mato, Alhaji Aminu
44
Mattson, Ingrid
126, 157, 164
Maurer, Bill
22
Mauretania
27
Mauritania
97
Mauss, Marcel
6â8, 10â12, 15, 23n2, 64, 66, 76, 80, 87, 220
Mawkib
95
Mawlūd
68, 84, 92, 95â97, 101
Abdulkadir
95
merchants
27, 32, 78, 129, 199
Middle Belt
33, 36n15
Middle East
98n16
military rule
37
millet
81, 115, 116, 144n48
mining
41â44, 100
Ministry of Waqf and Religious Affairs
188
missionaries
13, 34, 35
Mohammed, Murtala
101n23
Monido Street
100n19, 167n19
Morocco
44, 97, 101n22
mosques
20, 23n1, 30n8, 44, 51, 54, 60, 63, 66, 68, 80, 81, 84, 102, 108, 108n33, 114, 129, 156, 177, 184, 186, 199n21, 214, 215
Sufi
92
Mount Hagen
74
mourning
210
muʿallaf
184
muÊ¿ÄmalÄt (social relationships)
2
Muazu, Umar
96n9, 96n10
Muḥammad, Isa Ahmed
168, 168n22, 169, 169n23
Muḥammad, Maryam
133, 133n28, 134
Muḥammad, Sadiq
67, 70
Muḥammad, Samaila Abdullahi
193
Muḥammadu Bello
28n7, 32
Muḥammadu na Rimi, Alhaji
40
MujÄhid
169
MukhtÄri, Adam
58, 121, 121n7, 137, 137n32, 142n43, 149, 149n55, 156, 156n3, 164, 164n15, 169, 192
Munir, Muḥammad
112
Muri
42n23
Murtada, Alhaji, see under Murtada, Umar Abūbakar
196
Murtada, Umar Abūbakar
131, 132, 144, 196, 197
Murtala Mohammed Hospital
166
Murtala, Baba
60, 114, 127, 127n16, 132, 132n26, 133n27, 141, 144, 145, 145n51, 150, 150n58, 168, 168n21, 191, 191n1, 201, 202
Musa, Alhaji
90n3
Musa, Ali
86, 90
Musa, Sani
77, 86
MusÄbaqÄ
84
Muslim
36n15, 37n18, 55n40, 71n7, 91n4, 196n13, 196n14, 198n19
Muslim Brotherhood
23n1
Muslim Community University
25n6
Muslim World League
36, 36n17
Muslim
community
8, 11, 19, 23, 26â29, 62, 68, 75, 84, 98n16, 100, 106n31, 107, 113, 120, 136, 162, 163, 165, 167, 188, 222
countries
36n17, 91, 97, 122, 123, 180, 181, 184, 185, 188, 224
culture
7, 17
education
27, 35, 103, 169
faith
5, 191
groups and organizations
22, 36, 59, 60, 77n16, 84, 89â92, 96, 99n17, 102, 103, 105, 112, 126, 154, 166, 169, 177, 188, 204, 206, 207, 209, 214â216, 222
jurists
3n2, 24n4, 58, 139, 162
leader
178n32
leaders
36
prayer
74n11
scholars
2, 4, 17, 18, 24â26, 32, 52n36, 55, 56, 58, 60, 63, 65, 68, 71, 84, 92, 105, 108, 119, 119n1, 120, 121, 121n6, 121n7, 124â126, 128n18, 129, 129n21, 130â132, 132n24, 135n29, 136, 137n32, 138, 141, 142n43, 143n44, 143n45, 143n46, 149, 149n55, 149n56, 154, 155, 155n2, 156n3, 158â160, 163n13, 164n15, 165, 167, 169, 170, 174n29, 176â178, 178n31, 178n33, 181, 183n39, 185, 185n42, 185n43, 185n44, 188, 191, 191n2, 192, 192n3, 192n4, 193, 195n10, 195n11, 199, 204, 207, 209, 209n33, 212, 216, 216n37, 217, 218, 222
schools
35, 40, 46, 59, 60, 68, 80, 84, 131, 172, 177, 187, 188, 191, 199n21
societies
2, 3, 12, 22, 29, 89, 220
society
4, 21, 22, 57, 145, 164, 171, 173
states
26, 155, 156, 159, 188, 223
women
23n1, 49, 55n40, 171, 173, 175, 222
Yoruba
20, 89, 117
youths
23n1, 45, 100, 108
Mustafa, Adam Muḥammad
120, 120n4, 148, 148n54, 217, 217n39
Mustafa, Malam al-
97
muzakkī
141, 150, 151, 165
Nafada
178n32
nafaqa
131
Al-Nahfatal NÄsiriyya school
96
Nakabara, Ibrahim
95
Namata, Akawu
97, 128
Namoda, Sale Ahmadu Kauran
107
Nana Asmau
28n7
Naraguta
32, 41, 42n21, 44, 100, 126
Narkuta, Adamu
97, 101
Nasarawa
132n26, 137n32, 145n51, 191n1, 217n39
Nasarawa âAâ
43
Nasarawa âBâ
43
Nasarawa Gwong
1n1, 67n3, 70n4, 76n15, 120n4, 127n16, 142n43, 148n54, 149n55, 150n58, 156n3, 170n24
Nasarawa Province
43
Nasarawa State
43, 123n10
Nasarawa State University
19
NASCO Group
48
NASCO/Fibre mosque
135
Nasir al-DÄ«n, ImÄm
27
NÄsiriyya al-Islam, school
96
Nasser, Gamal Abdul
23n1
National Certificate in Education (NCE)
105, 110
National Council of Ulama
37n18
National Electric Power Authority (NEPA)
49
National Examination Council (NECO)
196n14
National Poverty Eradication Programme (NAPEP)
45n25
native authority councils
43
Native Authority Elementary School
178n32
Native Town
42, 43
Nawaruddeen Islamic Society
117, 118n47, 203n27
needy
1â3, 5, 7, 8, 20â22, 23n2, 24, 24n4, 29, 51, 56, 60, 62, 65, 66, 68, 77, 80â82, 90, 105, 116, 118, 119, 119n1, 122, 123, 130, 131, 133, 133n27, 134, 135, 141, 144, 148â151, 153, 156, 158, 160, 161, 163â166, 170, 174, 179, 181, 183â185, 187â192, 201, 203, 204, 213, 217, 219, 221â224
Nema, Aisha
98n16
Nema, Muḥammad
98n16
Netherlands
45
New market
17, 47
Ngas
x
Niasse, Ibrahim
99, 99n18, 100, 101, 101n22
Niger
40, 45, 197, 215n36
Niger-Benue
40
Niger State
106n31, 123n10
Niger, Republic of
106, 108
Nigeria National Oil Corporation (NNOC)
37
Nigerian Airport Authority
109
Nigerian Army
106n31
Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC)
38
nisÄb
x, 24, 24n4, 25, 25n6, 114, 119, 123, 127, 129, 132, 135, 136, 136n30, 138, 139, 142, 143, 153, 164, 168, 170, 175, 221, 222
nisÄb
143
nomads
28
non-governmental organizations (NGOâ¯s)
36n17, 91, 124, 220, 223, 224
North Africa
26, 32, 44, 97
North America
13
North Eastern State
178n32
Northern Nigeria Protectorate
28n7
northernization
36n16
NTA (National Television Authority)
119n1, 138
Nupe
31, 99
nurses
46, 173
Nuruddeen
91
Nuwairuddeen
91
Nwagui, Ibrahim
99
obedience
190
Obis
103
obligation(s)
4, 6â12, 14, 15, 17, 57, 59, 60, 64, 66, 71, 87, 88, 91n4, 114, 119, 122, 124, 126n15, 127, 131, 133n27, 135, 154, 155, 182, 202, 220
moral
13, 26, 29
political
29
religious
2, 9, 24, 29, 120, 125, 153, 220, 223, 224
sense of
15, 63, 199, 221
social
5, 7, 16, 60, 80, 156
oil
30, 37
producers
46n26
Okigwe
99
Oluremi, Amina
175, 175n30
Oman
124
orphan(s)
49, 113, 116, 186, 187, 222
paganism
98n16
Pakistan
70, 91, 114, 124, 171, 173, 187, 224
Palestine
187
Palestinian
187
Papua New Guinea
74
paralysis
157
participant observation
17
Pasali, Garba
106n31
Pashir, Alhaji Musa
132
patriarchal
21, 171, 174, 222
pearls
135
Pentecostal
39
piety
26, 59, 98n16, 122
pilgrimage
23n1, 56, 82n19, 144, 169, 205
pilgrims
104, 109
Pilgrims Welfare Board
178n32
Plateau
39â42, 44, 48
Plateau Pilgrims Board
104
Plateau Province
43
Plateau State
20, 30, 34, 36n15, 39, 40, 43, 48, 89, 100, 110, 111n36, 123n10, 124, 125, 126n15, 167, 193
Plateau, State
51, 100
political control
39, 68, 69
politicians
12, 14, 37n18, 38, 42n22, 46n26, 48, 87, 117, 123, 128, 129, 132, 154, 177, 188, 191â193, 207, 207n31, 208, 209, 212
Christian
37n18
corrupt
48
politics
27, 34, 36n15, 48, 66n2, 111n36, 123, 129, 179, 211
popularity
66, 71, 81, 87, 89, 92, 144n48, 177, 183, 187, 190, 192, 194, 206, 209
Port Harcourt
43
potlatch
13
poverty
4, 17, 21, 22, 35, 49â51, 54â56, 58, 59, 75n12, 76, 91, 116n43, 119, 122, 130, 136, 137, 139, 140, 147, 157, 159, 160, 162â165, 165n16, 167, 181, 185, 186, 188, 201, 203, 209, 220, 222
gradations of
130
reduction
22
Powell, Russell
131n22, 132, 133, 180, 181
power
191
Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN)
194, 194n7
praise singers
73, 157
preaching
60, 106n31, 109, 110, 111n36, 155, 192n2, 215, 216
pregnancy
164n15, 194n9
prestige
12â14, 54, 65, 66, 68, 69, 74, 84, 88, 130, 153, 213
pride
34, 58, 156, 180, 206, 219
prisoners
167
promiscuity
175
Prophet Muḥammad
3, 4, 23, 27, 29, 44, 68, 74, 84, 92, 94, 96, 96n11, 96n12, 97, 98n16, 101, 107, 121, 132, 142, 154n1, 155, 157, 170, 178
prostitutes
41
prostitution
132
QÄdir, Ê¿Abd al-
28
QÄdirÄ«
94â96, 100
QÄdiriyya
84, 89
QÄdiriyya
20, 33, 92, 93, 93n7, 94â96, 96n9, 96n12, 97, 97n14, 97n15, 98, 100, 102, 106n31
QÄdiriyya-MukhtÄriyya
93
QÄdiriyya ZÄwiya
96n9, 97n14, 97n15
QaradÄwÄ«, YÅ«suf al-
4, 5, 22, 22n1, 23, 121, 125, 127, 132, 133, 136, 137, 142, 143, 155, 161, 162, 165, 167, 169, 170, 180
QaradÄwÄ«, YÅ«suf-al
22n1, 24n3, 154n1
QaribullÄh Nasiru Kabara, Khalifa
95
QÄssim, Ibn
24n4
Qatar
23n1
QayrawÄn
26
QayrawÄnÄ«, Ibn AbÄ« Zaid al-
24, 25, 136
Quds Day
122n8
QurÊ¿Än
3, 23, 23n2, 24n4, 38n19, 52n36, 58, 81, 84, 92, 93, 99n17, 100, 102n26, 104, 105n31, 108, 110, 111n36, 112, 116, 119n1, 120, 120n5, 121, 130, 148, 149, 154, 158, 160, 162, 165â167, 169, 171, 176, 179, 183â185, 239
recitation competitions
84, 108
Qutb, Sara
171, 173, 187
Rabiu Talle, Isyaka
99, 170, 170n24, 186, 204, 205
Rabiu, Muḥammad Auwal
145, 145n50
Radio Kaduna
102n26
Rahman, Abdul
121
Ramadan
23n2, 60, 64, 81, 82n19, 90, 95, 108, 115, 118, 119n1, 126, 134, 135, 138, 143, 144, 144n48, 145, 150, 151, 158, 172, 175, 179, 181, 188, 203, 206, 217, 221
rank
13, 58, 87
Rano
31
ransom
222
rape
194n9
Rayfield
42
Razak, Abdul
138, 138n34
Al-RÄzi Hospital
187
Real Madrid
164n15
reciprocate/reciprocity
1, 2, 6â11, 16, 60, 62â64, 66â68, 73, 79, 85â88, 190, 220, 221, 223
balanced
9
negative
9
reciprocity
binding
67
ethical
65
financial
67
religion
28, 30, 30n8, 34, 37n18, 56, 68, 89, 125, 131n22, 162, 167, 177, 179, 188, 214
traditional
34n12, 41
rent
54n39, 57, 142, 148, 168, 172, 181, 200
respect
2, 3, 6, 12, 33, 54, 59, 66, 67, 78â80, 93, 121, 134, 135, 145, 153, 165, 165n16, 178, 180, 183, 190, 191, 192n3, 193, 195, 197â199, 201, 203, 205â209, 213, 214, 216, 218, 219, 223
resurrection day
155
rice
5, 13, 45, 81, 82, 90, 115, 116, 139
Rikkos
132, 200
Rimi
40
Royal Niger Company
41, 45
Rukuba Barracks
106n31
rural
31, 158, 159, 215, 222
Saʾadu, Inuwa
128
Sabon-Fegi
200
Sabra, Adam
58
á¹£adaqa
23n2, 120n3, 154n1
á¹£adaqa (voluntary almsgiving)
2, 4, 7, 16, 20, 22, 56â58, 62, 63, 68, 69, 80, 81, 85, 120, 121, 132, 169, 175, 177, 191, 209, 218
á¹£adaqa (voluntary almsgiving)
180, 215
Sadi, Umar
87
Sahara
31, 44, 93
Sahel
31, 93
Sahlins, Marshall
8
Saʾid, Hafsa
75, 75n13
Saʾid, Hassan Jingir
18, 107n32, 109n35, 111â113, 113n38, 113n39, 114n40, 115n41, 115n42, 116, 116n44, 117n46, 216
Saifawa dynasty
28
Salafī
92, 102, 102n25, 129, 177, 192, 192n2
movement
99n17, 102, 102n25, 141
salary earners
51, 142
Sale, Malam
112
Saleh, Muḥammad
125n13
Saleh, Muḥammad Sale
199, 199n20
Salga, Abdullahi
99n18
Salga, MÅ«di
100
SÄlihu, Khadija
49, 49n31
SÄlihu, Muḥammad HÄrisu
100, 100n19, 101, 167, 167n19, 192
Salisu Ê¿Yan Haya, Alhaji
128, 214
Salisu, Alhaji
48
Salisu, Musa
163n14
Sallah day
135
salvation
94, 130
Samaʾila Mohammed, Alhaji
43
Sanda, Umaru Ê¿Dan
97
Sange, Aliyu
113
Sani, Hassan
138, 138n36, 161, 161n11, 182, 182n37
Sani, Jummai
76, 76n15
Sani, Yahya
67, 140, 140n38, 166, 210, 210n35
Sanusi II, Sanusi Lamido
99n18
Sanusi, MÅ«di
140, 140n39, 148, 148n52, 160, 160n10, 181, 181n36, 183, 183n38, 217, 217n38
Sanusi, Muḥammadu
99, 99n18
Sarif, Suhaili
140, 182
Sarkin Aiyuka
97
Sarkin Arab
43
Sarkin Mangu
107, 107n32, 109n35, 111n36, 113n38, 113n39, 114n40, 115n41, 115n42, 116n44, 117n46, 217
Sarkin Musulmi
103
SarrÄj, Abu Nasr al-
59
Saudi Arabia
23n1, 36n17, 102n26, 104, 109, 124, 176
school(s)
6, 9, 23n1, 24n4, 28, 35, 38, 45, 48, 50, 52n35, 60, 68, 84, 92, 95, 96, 100, 103, 105n31, 107, 108, 110, 111n36, 112, 116, 117, 117n45, 118, 129, 147, 149, 160, 163, 164n16, 172, 173, 176, 178n32, 184, 186â188, 193, 196, 210
Christian
196n14
Islamic
68, 99, 110, 176
Muslim
35, 40, 46, 59, 60, 68, 80, 84, 132, 172, 172n28, 177, 187, 188, 191, 199n21
private
48, 50
public
48, 48n30, 162, 164, 176
Schwartz, Barry
7, 14, 65
Second World War
43, 99
sect
214
sectarianism
188
self-employment
17, 173, 196n13
self-presentation
14
Senegal
27, 31, 44, 97, 98n16, 99, 101
Senturk, Faruk Omar
5
servant(s)
42, 50, 72, 79
sex
8, 56, 69, 73n8, 164n15, 194n9
sexual
16, 35, 148, 175, 194
ShÄfiʾī school of thought
59
ShÄfiʾi, ImÄm al-
24n4
ShÄfiʾī, ImÄm al-
59
shame
58
sharīʿa
91n4, 161, 165, 170
sharīʿa
3, 26, 27, 32, 35, 91, 120, 123, 123n10, 126, 127, 135, 141, 157, 162, 169, 221
Islamic
22n1
sharīʿa, law
72
sharīʿa, law
35n13, 36n17, 180
sharīʿa, penal law
37
sharīʿa, states
ix
sharīʿa, states
112, 115, 123, 124, 224
Shehu Shagari College of Education
55n40
Shehu, Muḥammad
1, 141, 141n41, 158, 158n4, 179, 181
Shehu, Sani Bala
94, 95
Shendam
147
Shere Hills
40
Sherry, John F.
5, 8, 11, 64, 220
Shiʾa
92, 106n31
Shifa Clinic
103
Shīʾī
28, 53, 53n38, 122
shiʾism
89, 89n1
Shiʾite
53n38
Shuaibu, Alhaji
131
shyness
86
á¹£ila (spirit)
57
Singer, Amy
57, 58
Sissibe
27
slavery
33
slaves
31, 167
social cohesion
195
social fact
11, 64
social interaction
218
social reproduction
5
social welfare
4, 56, 58, 119n2, 187
Sokoto
20, 28n7, 31â34, 39, 40, 45, 55n40, 94, 98n16, 103, 106
Caliphate
ix, 20, 26, 28, 28n7, 29, 32, 33, 94, 98
Sardauna of
36, 99n18, 102
State
123n10
Sultan of
33
Songhai Empire
26, 31, 32
sorghum
116
South Korea
45
Southeast Asia
184
spiritual
2, 3, 5, 32, 34, 56, 69, 93, 96n11, 116, 131, 191, 199
powers
191n2
spiritualists
191n2
status
2, 12, 13, 15, 70, 80, 84, 87, 88, 140, 149, 160, 171, 208, 215, 219â221, 224
economic
65, 86n20, 161
social
14, 63, 66n2, 87, 88, 120, 171, 190
stealing
35, 184
stinginess
174
stoning
35, 35n14
Strathern, A.J.
69, 74
students
9, 15, 19, 26, 52, 60, 63, 65, 78, 80, 85, 94, 95, 99, 105, 105n31, 107, 108, 110, 113, 141, 149, 162, 163, 176, 178, 186, 187, 193, 196n14, 215
sub-Saharan Africa
25, 27, 29, 93
subservience
200
Sudan
23n1, 29, 44, 66, 107, 124
Sufi(s)
20, 58, 71n7, 77, 89, 92, 92n6, 93, 94, 96, 97, 98n16, 99, 100, 100n19, 101n21, 101n22, 102, 102n25, 106n31, 114, 121, 167n19, 177, 192
anti-
105n31
orders
75, 84, 89, 92, 92n5, 93, 94, 100, 102, 102n26
scholars
58, 71n7, 77n16, 100, 131, 141, 156n3, 191n2, 192, 216
Sufism
121
Suga, Alhaji Lawal Mai
106n31
sugar
46, 81, 139, 144n48
Sulaiman, Alhaji
114
Sulaiman, Malam
97
Sulaiman, Muḥammad
192
Sulá¹Än Bello Mosque
106n31
Sulá¹Än Bello primary school
105n31
suna
9, 75, 96n12, 102, 210
suna
74
Sunna
24, 105, 107, 154, 154n1
Sunna
93, 105
Sunna Clinic
108
Sunni
28, 89, 122, 122n8
supply, aggregate
22
Suraj, Muḥammad
123n11
SuyÅ«ti, Ê¿Abd al-RahmÄn al-
26
Syria
98n16
Tabari, Abū Jaʾfar Muḥammad ibn Jarīr al-
169
Tafawa Balewa
43
tafsīr
24n4, 102n26, 104, 108, 119n1, 126, 206
taḥfīẠal-QurÊ¿Än
110
tailors
45, 82n19, 86, 144n47, 163, 196n13
Takutaha Mawlūd
96
talaka
130
Tall, Umar
29, 93, 98, 98n16
Tanti, Abdurrahman Mai
97
Taraba
36n15
Taraba State
34, 123n10
á¹arÄ«qa
84, 92n5, 93, 99
Tata, Aminu
107
Tata, Sunusi
106
tawhid
105n31
tax
22, 26, 27, 29, 32, 125, 137, 141, 159
taxation
27, 29, 33
teachers
15, 23n1, 45, 48, 105n31, 108, 110, 112, 116, 158, 163, 206, 215
teaching
40, 48, 97, 98n16, 105n31, 112, 116, 172
Temple, Sir Richard
41
Terminus
47
Tetengi, Umaru
128
Thailand
45, 91
theft
132
theology
22n1, 105n31
Theon, Irma
57, 62, 63, 69, 87
TijÄni
98n16, 100, 101, 101n20, 102n24
Ahmad al-
75, 93, 97, 98n16, 101n22
TijÄniyya
84, 89
TijÄniyya
20, 33, 75, 92, 93, 97, 98n16, 99, 99n18, 100, 101, 101n22, 102, 106n31, 121, 167n19
tin mining
37, 41, 42, 45
Titi, story of
74
Torodbe
28
traders
13, 25, 28, 32, 41, 42, 44, 46, 47, 86n20, 100, 118, 125
petty
45, 48, 163
trading
3, 24, 31, 32, 43, 45
transport
32, 47, 49, 49n32, 50, 54, 138, 206
travellers
169, 184
travelling
109, 169
Tripoli
44
trust
44, 72, 151, 167
tsire
63
Tudu, Alhaji Ibrahim
25n6
Tudun Fera
135n29, 163n13, 185n43, 195n10
Tudun Wada
43
Tunis
97
Tunisia
26
Turaki
95, 209, 209n34
Turaki Street mosque
95
typhoid
49
Uba, Dr Ahmad
192
Ubaid, Abu
142
ulama
113, 115, 122, 123, 137, 156
ulama
193
Ulama Council
108, 111, 113, 115, 193, 216
Umar bin Ê¿Abd al-Aziz
159, 185
Umar, Abdul-QÄdir Muazu
93n7
Umar, Ibn
4, 101
Umar, Umar Muazu
93, 93n7, 96, 97, 97n14, 97n15
Umarian Empire
29
Umayyad
4
Ê¿Umra
144
unemployed
159, 163, 164, 201
unemployment
17, 35, 159, 172
Union Bank
128
United Bank of Africa
139
United Kingdom (UK)
45
United States
14, 45, 131n22
Unity FM
81
University of Jos
19, 25n6, 40, 52, 52n36, 55n40, 77, 78, 104, 107, 111n36, 124, 135, 136, 162, 172, 177, 197n14, 207n31
urban
31, 44, 215, 222
Usman, TijÄni
99, 99n18
Uthman bin Affan
154
Uwaisu, Malam
168
village area councils
43
Wadai
27
Wahab, Abd
121
Wahid, Hairunnizam
60
walīma
73, 80, 210
Walin Katsina
103
Wangarawa
32
waqf
22, 80, 114, 126n15
Wase
44
watan azumi
144
water
40, 48, 49, 54, 62, 64, 65, 160
wayfarers
24, 120n5, 169
waáºÄ«fa
92, 92n6, 96, 97, 99, 101n21, 102
wealth
2, 3, 5, 13, 14, 20, 22â25, 32, 50, 51, 58, 66, 91n4, 99, 114, 119, 119n1, 120, 121, 121n7, 122, 123, 125â133, 135â137, 137n33, 140, 142â144, 151n59, 153â155, 157, 159, 160, 164, 169, 171, 173, 180, 183, 184, 188, 193, 193n4, 193n5, 207â209, 213, 214, 217â219, 221, 222
excess
164
gradations of
130
wealthy
1, 2, 8, 14, 18, 21, 47, 50, 51, 54, 58, 60, 63, 65, 66, 69, 77, 78, 81, 84, 87, 89, 91, 91n4, 97, 99, 105, 114, 117, 119, 119n1, 119n2, 120â123, 125, 126, 129, 130, 132, 134, 137, 138, 140, 141, 143, 144, 147, 151, 153â159, 163, 164, 167, 170, 172, 175, 178â180, 182â184, 186, 188, 190â193, 195, 198, 202n25, 203â206, 208, 209, 214, 216, 217, 219, 221, 221n1, 222â224
emerging rich
129
merchants
199
traditional rich
128, 129, 134
women
170n25, 175
wedding
62, 67, 71, 71n6, 73, 197
Weiss, Holger
25, 26, 56, 122
West Africa
20, 26, 27, 29, 32, 34, 44, 94, 98n16
West African
93, 98
West African Examinations Council (WAEC)
196n14
West Bank
187
Whyte, William F.
15
widows
21, 49, 79, 148, 182, 187, 201
Wilk, Richard R.
6, 9, 16
Wolof
27, 99
women
18, 21, 23n1, 38n19, 41, 46, 49, 53n38, 64, 66n2, 67, 69, 72, 73, 73n8, 74, 75, 95, 103, 104, 107, 124, 144n47, 147, 148, 171â175, 187, 192n2, 194, 196, 196n13, 197, 210, 222
Worcester, England
33n11
worship
2, 4, 5, 21, 30n8, 58, 91n4, 95, 125, 127, 151n59, 155, 162, 186, 217, 218, 224
Wright, Zachary
98n16, 101n22
Yahuza, Malam
101
Yahya, Sani
113
Yakubu, Malam
42n21
Yan Agaji
215
Yan Agaji, see also First Aid Group
109
Yan Albasa
47
Yan Gari
46
Yan Goro
46
Yan Gwangwan
47
Yan Gwanjo
46, 196, 199n20
Yan Hatsi/Buhu
47
Yan Kaji
50
Yan Katako
47
Yan Kifi
46
Yan Kwalabe
47
Yan Kwalli
65n1
Yan Kwalli market
11, 17, 47, 65n1, 77, 140, 140n38, 140n39, 140n40, 148n52, 160, 160n10, 181n36, 183n38, 210n35
Yan Kwanuka
47
Yan Lemu
46
Yan Manja
47
Yan Shanu
47, 110
Yan Taya
101n21, 138n34, 206
Yan Taya Mosque
101
Yan Tukwane
47
Yaqubu II Dan Usman
41
Ê¿Yar Adua, Umaru Musa
207
Yasin, Ibn
26
Yawale, Malam
97
Yawuri
31
Yelwa
147
Yobe State
123n10, 155n2
Yola
42n23
Yoruba
20, 30, 41, 46, 47, 89, 99, 117, 118, 171, 175, 192
societies
91, 92, 106n31
Yorubaland
103
Young Muslim Congress
100, 147
Youth Wing (JNI)
104, 105, 177
YÅ«nusa, Adam
141, 141n42, 148, 148n53, 168, 179, 179n34, 181, 201, 202n24
YÅ«suf, Abdul-Aziz
103
YÅ«suf, Abu
24n4
YÅ«suf, Aminu
113, 115
YÅ«suf, Hafiz Bala
115
Zagaiti, Ê¿Abd ar-Rahman
32
Zahra, Muḥammad Abu
143
Zaid bin al-HÄrith al-Saʾdaʾi
154n1, 169
Zakari, Yaʾu
125n14
Zakariyya, Ismaila Idris
105, 105n31, 106
ZakÄt and Endowment Board
25n6
zakÄt al-fiá¹r
23n2, 80, 82, 135, 203n26
Zakzaky, Shaykh Ibrahim Yaqub El-
89
Zamfara
31
Zamfara State
25n6, 102n26, 116, 123n10, 123n11
zango
32
Zaria
31, 42, 53n38, 89
Zaria Road
110
Zaria Road burial ground
104
Zazzau
31