Note on Orthography and Names
The Indonesian language went through two stages of orthographic change in 1947 and 1972. In 1947, the following changes were implemented: oe to u, tj to c, dj to j, é to e, j to y, nj to ny, sj to sy, ch to kh. In 1972, new changes included the addition of f, v, z, q, and x.
For the sake of consistency, unless the older spelling still is in use, such as in some people’s names, the new orthography will be utilized.
On a related matter, individuals in this book have different preferences regarding how to state their names, including their compound last names. I have tried to adhere to their choices as much as possible.