Index
abuse
81
,
86
,
87
,
123
,
135
,
203
,
205
accountability
97
,
114
,
204
,
216
achievement gap: and higher education
201 –202
and Men of Excellence
207 –208
and safety of black males
202 –205
and solutions
207 –208
and structural realities of urban areas
205 –207
and theory to practice
208 –209
adverse childhood experiences
202 –203
affirmative action
165
antiblack
1
,
51 –53
arrears
61 –63
,
65 –71
asset poverty
1
assimilation
4
,
8
Atlanta School of Sociology
15
,
18
authoritarianism
132
Barlow, Orlando
85
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
4
,
82
,
85
,
88
,
107
Bell, Sean
85
biological aging
123
Black British women
27
Black church: addressing economic inequalities in America
188 –189
and Black Liberation Theology
189 –191
the case for a living wage
191 –194
going forward
194 –198
Black codes
58
,
147
,
156
Black community: and community policing
112 –13
and critical demography
104 –105
history of policing and
105 –106
law enforcement assessment of
108 –109
and public support of the police
106 –107
and War on Cops
107 –108
Black fathers
48
,
52
,
59
,
62
,
67
Black feminism
29
Black Identity Extremists
108 –109
Black Liberation Theology
17
,
189 –191
,
196 –198
Black Lives Matter
89
,
93
,
202
Black men: children with more than on partner
70
discrimination against
56
factory work
56
and families
55 –56
imprisonment
36
as migrants
41 –42
masculinity
67
racialization of
70
stereotyped and gendered
58 –60
unnatural deaths of
14
Black nationalist groups
14
Black Power
4
,
14
,
190
Black professors
10
,
15
Black sociology
1
,
6 –10
,
12 –14
Black South Africans
27
Black women: academicians
173
,
180
blame
5
domination of bodies
147
double consciousness
168
economic opportunities
55
enslaved
59
,
147
habitus
166 –167
intersectionality
168 –169
labor force participation
202
morality
57
mortality during childbirth
42
poverty
70
public policies
54
resisting benefits of marriage
147
sexual violence against
2
social mobility
17
systematic racial oppression
147
unnatural deaths of
14
welfare queen stereotype
71
welfare recipients
52
blood pressure
123 –124
Brown, Michael
85
,
103
,
107
bullying
203
Busy Streets theory
113 –115
capitalism
187
,
193
,
195
car window sociology
5
carceral migration
15 –16
30 –31
Africana demography
27 –30
Africana demography’s ancestries
26 –27
demography problem
36 –37
reintegration
31 –35
cardiovascular disease
123
,
135 –136
,
138
Castille, Philando
103
,
202
Charlottesville
5
,
109
child poverty
1
,
51 –52
,
70
,
145
,
194 –195
child support: payments
16
,
48
,
62
,
71
orders
66 –67
child support enforcement: anti-poverty or anti-black
51 –53
the black family
54 –56
Black men
58 –60
Moynihan Report
56 –58
nuclear family
53 –54
punish black fathers
16
as social policy
48
study of families
49 –51
child tax credit
194
childbearing
49
,
57
,
59
,
147
,
157
Christianity
48
,
105
,
150
,
190 –191
,
196 –198
civil rights
4
,
84
Civil Rights Movement
5
,
13
,
132
,
146 –148
,
150
,
153
,
187
,
196
Civil War
2
,
106
,
187
class mobility
169
cohabitation
53
,
55
,
147
collective efficacy
113
college attendance rates
205
,
207
colonialism
148
,
152
colorblind racism
154 –156
colorblindness
168
community capital
39
community empowerment
114
,
117
community partnerships
112
community policing
110
,
112
,
119
community service
208
,
209
,
218
Competencies
181
constructionist view
151 –152
conventional demography
11
,
15 –16
,
47
,
53 –54
,
104
convict leasing
3
coping mechanisms
16
,
124
courts
86
,
121
Crawford, John
103
,
106
,
205
crime: absence of crime
111
black neighborhoods
95
and drug abuse
205
high-crime areas
82
increases
5
rates
56
reducing crime
114 –116
teaching and educating children of color
95 –96
violent crime
81
,
93
,
110
witnessing crime
203
criminal justice system
16
,
18
,
27
,
37
,
40 –41
,
81 –82
,
84 –86
,
92
,
94 –95
,
122
criminologists
14
,
35
,
60
critical demography
1
,
10 –14
,
25 –27
,
59
,
103 –105
,
144
,
158
Critical Race Theory
144
,
150 –151
,
154
,
158
,
167 –168
,
181
cultural argument
146
cultural competencies
181
cultural deficit model
145
cultural racism
155
culture: black culture
57
,
179
culture shock
207
,
218
distinct culture
180
history and
2
culture of poverty
5
,
8
racist police culture
104
Southern culture
124
value of culture
28
,
131 –132
versus structural arguments
145
visual signs
174
culture shock
207
,
218
Davis, Jordan
103
,
106
demographic transition
53 –54
dependency
71
depression
3
,
123
deviance
36
Diallo, Amadou
84
disciplinary policies
95
,
204
,
217
discrimination: against black men
55
forms of
94
housing discrimination
5
prejudice and
96
racial discrimination
43
,
54
,
70
responses to
121 –124
stereotypes and
133
in social services
95
diversity
15
,
147
,
176
,
217
divorce
51
,
53
dominant group
2 –4
,
82
,
87
,
93 –95
double consciousness
168
,
174
Dred Scott
2
Du Bois, W.E.B.
5 –8
,
12
,
14 –15
,
18
,
55 –56
,
147
,
168
,
174
dysfunction
36
,
52
,
209
Earned Income Tax Credit
194
Eastern Sociological Society
6
,
15
education: and class habitus
175
and class mobility
169
discrimination
122
father’s
62
funds for
87
higher education
17
,
42
,
201 –202
,
207
,
210
,
217
human capital and
157
lack of
55 –56
level of
67
low attainment
49
outcome
28
privilege
173
programs
90
public education
206
racial achievement gap
200
settings
168
standard of living
191
systems
93
,
97
and zero tolerance
86
educational attainment
49
,
63 –66
,
71
,
94
,
165
,
174
,
202 –205
employment status
62 –63
,
66
,
68 –69
empowerment theory
113
,
120
enforcement actions
61 –63
,
70
,
205
essentialist view
151 –152
ethnic groups
4 –5
,
50
,
201
,
207
ethnicity
8
,
158
,
169
Eurocentric universalism
148 –149
fairness
96
,
189
faith community
190 –191
family: counterparts
67
dysfunctional
52
emotional support
218
formations
57 –59
,
143
and fear of crime
88 –96
and incarceration
35
lessons from Du Bois and Frazier on the family
54 –56
life
29
,
155
living wage
192 –193
moral deficiencies
36
as a national crisis
4
nuclear
47
,
53 –54
of origin
170
,
174
,
178
,
180
,
217
poverty
52
residential movements of
41
roles
172
as a social institution
18
,
47
social origins of
167
sociology
17
stigmatized community
202
structure
16
,
47 –48
,
143 –150
values
165
welfarization of family law
52
working-class
169
family law
52
,
73
family structure
16
,
47 –50
,
53 –56
,
60
,
74
,
143 –150
,
158 –159
Farrakhan, Louis
114
fear of crime
16
,
81
,
83 –88
,
112 –113
Federal Bureau of Investigation
107 –110
Federal Housing Administration
3 –4
federalism
195
female-headed households
47
,
49
,
55 –56
fertility
11
,
15 –16
,
47 –50
,
53 –54
,
59 –69
Fourteenth Amendment
2
,
4
,
84
Frazier, E. Franklin
5 –6
,
8
,
12 –15
,
18
,
55
,
87 –88
freedom
2
,
10
,
96
,
156
,
187
,
189
,
191
,
196 –197
Garner, Eric
85
,
106
,
202
gender: ascribed status
174
and critical demography
10
double consciousness
168 –169
family and population change
54
gender roles
30
,
214
habitus
177
literature on incarceration
25
privileges
147
public policies
72
sources of oppression
8
,
173
socialization
181
stereotypes
58 –60
globalization
206
Gray, Freddie
85
,
107
,
110
,
202
Gray, Kimani
85
Great Depression
3
Great Migration
3
,
13
habitus
17
,
166 –169
,
171
,
173 –182
hegemony
11
,
29
,
53
,
64
higher education
13
,
42
,
168 –170
,
200 –201
,
207
,
210
,
214
,
217
Home Owner's Loan Corporation
3 –4
homeownership
153
housing
3
,
5
,
39
,
81
,
84
,
87
,
94
,
97
,
121
,
191
,
205 –206
,
213
human capital
146
,
157 –158
,
163
hybrid habitus
17
,
174
,
181 –182
hypertension
124
identity construction
165
implicit bias
122
,
205
incarceration
1
,
5
,
15
,
25
,
31 –41
,
58 –59
,
71
,
86 –87
,
93
,
95
,
98
,
150
,
202 –204
,
206
,
213
income: annual
52
,
170
child support as
51
diversion
66
and educational attainment
166
household
62 –69
,
126
inequality
1
,
192 –193
middle
166
racial gap
15
,
166
,
206
religious attendance and
128
tax
61
universal
195
upper
166
individualism
154
inheritance
193 –194
injustice
82
inner-city
81 –84
,
205 –206
Institutionalized Power Relations Theory
154
interdisciplinary
8
,
49
,
144
intersectionality
167 –169
intracommunity
113 –114
Jamestown, Virginia
1
Jim Crow
3
,
58 –59
,
82
,
132
,
147
,
150
,
156
justice
4
,
8
,
96
,
114
,
159
,
187
,
189 –91
criminal justice system
King, Martin Luther
187
Ku Klux Klan
3
labor: of Black men
58
166
cheap
94
,
206
emotional
39
exploitable
87
forced
2
extracting
148
labor force
202
,
206
market
93
,
97
material conditions
152
migrants
30
,
33
shortages
3
land takings
3
law enforcement
14
,
31
,
70
,
88 –90
,
92
,
103
,
105 –109
,
111 –112
,
117
,
202
,
204
leadership
15
,
189
,
196
,
208 –209
,
212
,
216
living wage
17
,
188
,
191 –192
,
195
,
198
low-income
17
,
53
,
86
,
94
,
143 –145
,
203
lynchings
59
mainstream sociology
15
marriage rates
53
,
149
marriageable male hypothesis
145
Martin, Trayvon
85
masculinity
58
,
200
,
209
,
214
,
216
mass incarceration
15
,
25
,
203 –204
,
206
McDade, Kenrec
85
media
2
,
10 –11
,
59
,
82
,
88 –89
,
109
,
133
,
155
,
190
,
202 –203
medical care
121
Men of Excellence
208 –216
mental health
17
,
122
,
124
,
202
mentor
90 –91
,
96
,
171
,
207 –210
,
216 –217
meritocracy
154
,
168
microaggressions
121
middle-class
53
,
166
,
168
,
174
,
176
,
179 –181
migration
16
,
26
,
28
,
30 –31
,
33 –41
militarism
187
miscegenation
4
,
58 –59
mobility
17
,
29
,
42
,
53
,
123
,
153
Money, Mississippi
84
Montgomery bus boycott
4
morality
29
,
33
,
52
,
55
,
57
mortality
15
,
27
,
42
,
53
,
123
,
153
murder
58 –59
,
84 –85
,
88
,
110
Nation of Islam
4
,
14
,
114
,
116
neglect
86
,
92
,
148
,
202 –203
neighborhood: 10,000 Fearless Men and Women
114 –116
Black American
36
black lower-income
36
,
86
decline of
206
disadvantaged
85
distressed
1
,
5
fear of crime and
85 –98
high crime urban
88
incarcerated person’s home
34
inner-city
205
migrants
38
residential
29
street activity
114
unsafe
203
urban
145
,
206
white
5
networking
216
New Deal
3
New Negro
3
non-marital births
53
noncustodial parent
51 –52
nuclear family
47
,
50
,
53 –55
Obama, Barack
5
,
9
,
187
ccupation
17
,
61
,
94
,
107
,
165 –166
,
169
,
175
,
203
oppression
6 –8
,
13
,
27
,
54
,
56
,
58
,
97
,
105
,
132
,
144
,
147
,
151
,
169
,
173
,
213
Pan-African
28
parenthood
47
,
50
,
178
parole
35
,
40
peer support
208
physical health
123
police: agencies
14
attitudes about
16
and the black community
103 –116
brutality
81 –82
,
108
,
202
discrimination
121
deadly force
122
fear of
81 –98
and safety of black men
202
unemployed black people
5
policymakers
5
,
72
,
87
,
145
,
205
post-colonial
143 –144
,
148 –150
post-colonial sociology
144
,
148
post-racial
5
,
81
,
97
,
146 –148
,
150
,
153
,
187
,
201
poverty: anti-
51 –53
asset poverty
1
black
56
black families in
17
,
143 –159
black women
70
child
48 –51
,
70
and crime
92
culture of poverty
5
,
8
first generation college students and
218
and incarceration
59
poverty line
192 –198
racial inequality in
17
school
204
prison: black fathers and
71
Black Liberation Theology and
197
criminological literature
35
for-profit
87
historical roots
84
initial entry
32
metaphorical
16
place of origin and
34
prison-industrial complex
86
purpose of
94
reentry
16
return to
38
school-to-prison pipeline
86
,
204 –205
state
40
system
31
web of choices and
33
probation
40
,
61
,
66 –67
,
71
professors
10
,
15
,
17
,
166
,
170
,
175
,
181
psychological distress
207
public policy
1
,
7 –8
,
13
,
32
,
51
,
71 –72
,
144
,
205 –206
public safety
112
public schools
94
,
204
,
209
punishment
59 –60
,
63
,
67
,
86
,
97
,
198
Quaker tradition
55
qualitative methods
38
,
56
,
70
,
169
quantitative methods
38
,
56
,
72
,
158
race-neutral
71
,
143 –146
,
153
,
156
,
158
racial achievement gap
17
,
200
racial bias
81
,
122
racial discrimination
4
,
16
,
54
,
70
,
121
,
123 –124
,
149
,
188
racial ideologies
151
,
153 –155
,
157 –158
racial profiling
81
,
95
racial progress
56
,
146
,
149 –150
,
188
racial progress narrative
146
,
149
racial realism
96
racial status quo
154
,
156
racialized state
151
,
153
,
157 –158
racism: Africana collective history
28
,
82
in America
50
,
145
black experience
29
and capitalism
187
colonialism
149
colorblind
59
continuing significance
96
,
180
,
192
conventional demography
11
,
54
cure for
188
demographers avoidance of the term
10
demography and family scholars
52
Du Bois and
55
and education
207
by faculty and staff
200
family structure
16
,
48
,
144
historical legacies
56
,
152
influence of
48
individual well-being
203
introductory textbooks
12
permanence of
153 –157
and police violence
85
social and economic constraints
47
social programs
49
system factors
34
,
82
,
146
,
149
structural
159
theological response to
197
re-traumatization
205
Reconstruction
3
,
147
,
187
recruitment
15
,
17
,
170 –171
reentry
16
,
25
,
30 –33
,
36 –37
,
40
reflection
107
,
113
,
213
,
217
region
2
,
16
,
106
,
121 –134
reintegration
31 –41
religion
8
,
18
religious attendance
125 –126
,
128 –130
remarriage
53
representation
3
,
36
,
82
,
110
,
217
residential segregation
156
resiliency
207
,
218
respite
218
restrictive codes
3
Rice, Tamir
85
,
103
,
106 –107
,
110
right-wing extremists
109
rural
37 –38
,
55 –56
,
125
,
127 –131
school: and anti-black violence
1
of Black Sociological Thought
27
diploma
202
first American School of Sociology
8
,
15
,
18
Chicago School
8
grade point average
201
high school education
52
,
62 –64
,
68
,
96
,
126
,
166
to prison pipeline
86
and racial discrimination
121
and War on Drugs
203
school discipline
204
school resource officers
204
school-to-prison pipeline
86
,
204 –205
Scott, Walter
4
,
187
Second World War
4
,
187
segregation
1
,
30
,
156
self-care
17
,
192
,
200
,
209
,
212 –213
,
216
sexism
11
,
28 –29
,
34
,
97
sexual aggression
133
sexuality
29
,
58 –59
,
72
,
133
,
169
shaming
59
,
72
sharecropping
3
single-parent households
47 –52
,
70
,
72
,
157
,
178
slave patrols
105 –106
,
116
slavery
2
,
28
,
30
,
55
,
58 –59
,
84
,
94
,
105 –106
,
132
,
146 –147
,
152
,
154
,
156
,
204
social capital
113
,
144
,
149
social cohesion
113
,
116
social construction of race
148
,
150 –152
social control: the black family
54 –56
and child support enforcement
51 –53
and conventional demography
49 –51
the Moynihan era
56 –58
neighborhood street activity
114
and the nuclear family
53 –54
stereotypes of black men
58 –60
social institutions
6
,
13
,
18
,
47
,
53 –54
,
82
,
96
social movements
4
,
85
social security
13
social services
81
,
95
,
97 –98
socialization
132
,
167
,
173 –174
,
177
,
181
,
212
socioeconomic status
134
,
165
,
179 –180
sociology
5 –10
,
12
,
14 –15
,
17
,
26 –27
,
60
,
143
,
146
,
148
,
150
,
165
,
167
,
170
,
173
,
176
,
179
South: 10,000 Fearless, civil rights movement
196
experiences with discrimination
124 –134
and Great Migration
3
,
13
and Jim Crow
3
policing
105
portrayal of black population
81
rural
55
slave patrols
105 –106
,
116
,
114
U.S. Constitution
2
South America
37
southern culture
124
,
131 –132
Stansbury, Timothy
84
stereotypes
48
,
52
,
71 –72
,
132 –133
,
147
,
179
,
203
,
205
Sterling, Alton
103
,
202
stigma
33 –36
,
39
,
60
,
72
,
95
,
202
,
209 –210
,
213
Stockton Economic Empowerment Demonstration
195
street patrols
115 –116
stress
54
,
124
,
203
,
218
structural argument
145
subordinate groups
151
,
154
substance abuse
202
suburbanization
4
Temporary Assistance to Needy Families
63
terrorism
109
The 10,000 Fearless Men and Women in Atlanta
114 –119
The Philadelphia Negro
12
The Scholar Denied
12
theory: black sociology
8
Busy Streets theory
113 –116
and community safety
117
course
12
creation of
28
crime and policing
83
criminologists
14
and critical demography
11
,
104
critical race theory
144
,
150 –151
,
154
,
158
,
167
,
181
empowerment theory
113
feminist theory
169
grounded theory
170
Men of Excellence
208 –209
Thirteenth Amendment
2
,
84
Till, Emmett
4
,
59
,
84
traditional family
53 –54
trauma
8
,
89
,
200
,
202 –205
,
209
,
213
,
216
,
218
Truman, Harry
4
Trump, Donald J.
5
,
187
trust
1
,
13 –14
,
88
,
90 –92
,
106
,
112 –113
,
116
,
212
unemployment
94 –95
,
149
,
159
,
195
,
205
,
213
Unite the Right
109
unmarried parents
50
urban
37 –38
,
55 –56
,
71
,
83
,
88
,
145
,
190
,
205 –207
values
7
,
36
,
61
,
132
,
165 –166
,
175
,
180
violence
1
,
2
,
59
,
85
,
96
,
103
,
105
,
108 –110
,
114
,
117
,
190
,
202 –205
,
213
vulnerable
48
,
50
,
59
,
71
,
83
,
85
,
87
,
205
wage gap
166
wage garnishments
61
Wall Street
5
War on Cops
103
,
106 –110
War on Drugs
203
,
205
wealth
1
,
3 –4
,
16
,
27
,
94 –95
,
153 –154
,
157
,
188
,
193 –194
welfare
50 –54
,
59
,
62 –71
,
111
,
147
,
153 –154
,
178
White virtual mobs
10
Whiteness
4
,
9
,
14 –15
,
58
,
151
,
153
,
155 –158
working-class
165 –181
zero tolerance policies
86
,
204 –205
Zimmerman, George
85