Illustrations
1.1 Matthias Quad von Kinkelbach, Kenau Simonsdr. Hasselaer, 1573, engraving, 282 × 197 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 5
1.2 Nicolaes Braeu after Karel van Mander I, Battle for the Trousers, late sixteenth century, engraving, 236 × 170 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 7
1.3 Geertruydt Roghman, Woman Spinning and Child, c. 1648, engraving, 213 × 171 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 10
2.1 Engraved frontispiece from Daniel Heinsius, Spiegel vande doorluchtige, eerlicke, cloucke, deuchtsame, ende verstandege vrouwen, 1615 43
2.2 Engraved frontispiece from Petrus van Gelre, Vrouwen-lof, 1646 44
2.3 Engraved frontispiece after Paulus Lesire from Johan van Beverwijck, Van de wtnementheyt des vrouwelicken geslachts, 1643 45
2.4 Kenau Simonsdr. Hasselaer, illustration from N. van Rooswijck, Cort ende waerachtich verhael van alle gheschiedenissen, 1573 54
2.5 Kenau Simonsdr. Hasselaer, illustration from Petrus de Lange, Batavis Romeyn, 1661 59
2.6 Engraved frontispiece from Steven Theunisz. vander Lust, Herstelde hongers-dwangh, of Haerlems langh ende strenghe belegeringhe, ende het overgaen der selver stadt door het scherpe swaerdt der ellend, 1660 60
2.7 Hendrick Goltzius, Captain Gerrit de Jongh, 1583, engraving, 249 × 147 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 62
2.8 Matthias Quad von Kinkelbach, Kenau Simonsdr. Hasselaer, 1573, engraving, 282 × 197 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 64
2.9 Anonymous, Kenau Simonsdr. Hasselaer, 1573, engraving, 168 × 115 mm, Rotterdam, Atlas van Stolk 66
2.10 Anonymous, Kenau Simonsdr. Hasselaer and her Companions, c. 1580–c. 1590, linen tapestry, d 37 cm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 67
2.11 Hendrick Goltzius, William of Orange, 1581, engraving, 265 × 181 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 67
2.12 Remigius Hogenberg, Kenau Simonsdr. Hasselaer, 1573–1588, etching, 310 × 260 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 69
2.13 Haarlem School, Kenau Simonsdr. Hasselaer, c. 1580, oil on panel, 84 × 64.5 cm, Frans Hals Museum, Haarlem 69
2.14 Romeyn de Hooghe, Kenau Simonsdr. Hasselaer on the Haarlem Wall, 1688–1689, etching, 192 × 244 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 70
2.15 Haarlem School, Procession of the Chamber of Rhetoric, Commemorating the Siege of Haarlem, early to mid-seventeenth century, oil on panel, 24 × 63.5 cm, Frans Hals Museum, Haarlem 71
2.16 Anonymous, Kenau Simonsdr Hasselaer, c. 1590–1609, oil on panel, 34.8 × 26.5 cm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 72
2.17 Trijn van Leemput and Her Companions, illustration from Johan van Beverwijck, Van de wtnementheyt des vrouwelicken geslachts, 1643 75
2.18 Anonymous, Trijn van Leemput, c. 1650, oil on panel, 47.6 × 36.9 cm, Centraal Museum, Utrecht 77
2.19 Cornelisz. Droochsloot, The Siege of the Castle Vredenburg in Utrecht in 1577, 1646, oil on panel, 62.9 × 107 cm, Centraal Museum, Utrecht 78
2.20 Anonymous, Trijn Rembrands, c. 1590–1610, oil on panel, 54.7 × 41 cm, Stedelijk Museum, Alkmaar 81
2.21 Cornelis Visscher II, Magdalena Moons, 1649, engraving, 488 × 309 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 83
2.22 Amsterdam Women in Battle, illustration from Johan van Beverwijck, Van de wtnementheyt des vrouwelicken geslachts, 1643 84
2.23 Gerard van Honthorst, Amalia as Diana at the Hunt with Her Sister the Countess van Brederode, 1627, oil on canvas, 190 × 132 cm, formerly Castle Grunewald, Berlin, lost in World War II 91
2.24 Gerard van Honthorst, Portrait of Elisabeth van Solms as Minerva, 1632, oil on canvas, 69.8 × 61, present location unknown 91
2.25 Gerrit Gerritsz. Cuyp after an anonymous artist, Maid of Holland, detail, 1595–1597, stained glass, Sint Janskerk, Gouda 93
2.26 Gillis Huppe, Maid of Dordrecht, 1618, Groothoofdspoort, Dordrecht 94
2.27 Maid of Holland coin, 1573, copper 95
2.28 Adriaan Gerritsz. de Vrije after Joachim Wtewael, Freedom of Conscience, detail, 1596, stained glass, Sint Janskerk, Gouda 96
2.29 Maid of Holland coin, 1681, silver 97
2.30 Claes Jansz. Visscher, Batavian Mirror, detail, 1610, etching, 334 × 362 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 99
2.31 Engraved frontispiece from Famianus Strada, De thien eerste boecken der Nederlandsche oorlogen, 1632 99
2.32 Attributed to Cornelis van Barlaer, Maid of Holland with Portrait and Arms of William III, detail, 1660, stained glass, Reformed Church, Biervliet 100
2.33 Maid of Holland fire back, 1644, iron, Museum de Lakenhal, Leyden 101
2.34 Engraved frontispiece from Pieter C. Hooft, Neederlandsche histoorien, 1642 103
2.35 Engraved frontispiece from Philips Angel, Lof der schilder-konst, 1642 103
2.36 Ferdinand Bol, Margarita Trip as Minerva, Goddess of Wisdom, Teaching Her Younger Sister Anna Maria Trip, 1663, oil on canvas, 208 × 179 cm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 104
2.37 Jacob de Gheyn II, Allegory on Vanity, 1595–1596, engraving, 278 × 185 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 110
2.38 Jan Miense Molenaer, Allegory of Vanity, 1633, oil on canvas, 102 × 127 cm, Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo 110
2.39 Anonymous, Marcia Painting Self-Portrait Using a Mirror, 1403, miniature from Des cleres et nobles femmes, Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris 111
2.40 Woman Contemplating Her Reflection in a Mirror, engraved illustration from Roemer Visscher, Sinnepoppen, 1614 112
2.41 Engraved frontispiece from Johanna Hobius, Lof der vrouwen, 1643 120
2.42 Anna Maria van Schurman, Self-Portrait, 1633, engraving and etching, 198 × 152 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 126
2.43 Hendrick Goltzius, Hans Bol, 1593, engraving, 262 × 182 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 127
2.44 Anna Maria van Schurman, Self-Portrait, 1640, etching and engraving, 200 × 153 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 128
2.45 Self-Portrait after Anna Maria van Schurman, illustration from Jacob Cats, ’S werelts begin, midden, eynde, besloten in den trou-ringh, met den proef-steen van den selven, 1655 130
2.46 Willem Jacobsz. Delff after Adriaen van de Venne, Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange-Nassau, 1628, engraving, 417 × 305 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 131
2.47 Paulus Lesire, Anna Maria van Schurman, illustration from Johan van Beverwijck, Van de wtnementheyt des vrouwelicken geslachts, 1643, etching, 132 × 83 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 133
2.48 Anna Maria van Schurman, Self-Portrait, c. 1632–1638, palm wood, 11 cm, Museum Martena, Franeker 133
2.49 Jan Lievens, Anna Maria van Schurman, 1649, oil on canvas, 87 × 68.6 cm, The National Gallery, London 134
2.50 Jonas Suyderhoef after Jan Lievens, Anna Maria van Schurman, 1647–1665, engraving, 353 × 260 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 134
2.51 Cornelis van Dalen II after Cornelis Janssens van Ceulen I, Anna Maria van Schurman, 1661, engraving and etching, 304 × 245 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 135
2.52 Hendrick Goltzius, Dirck Volckertsz. Coornhert, c. 1591, engraving, 522 × 411 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 135
2.53 Anna Roemersdr. Visscher, Röemer with a poem to Constantijn Huygens, 1619, engraving on glass, 14 × 8.2 cm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 141
2.54 Adriaen van Ostade, The Family De Goyer and the Painter, c. 1650, oil on panel, 63 × 51 cm, Museum Bredius, The Hague 144
2.55 Samuel van Hoogstraten, Margareta van Godewijk, illustration from Matthys Balen, Beschrijvinge van de Stad Dordrecht, 1677, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 146
2.56 Pieter Schenk I after David van der Plas, Joanna Koerten, 1701, mezzotint and engraving, 246 × 180 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 147
2.57 Jacob Houbraken, Joanna Koerten, engraved illustration from Arnold Houbraken, De groote schouburgh der Nederlantsche konstschilders en schilderessen, 1721, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 148
2.58 Frans van Mieris II, Allegory on the Death of Joanna Koerten, c. 1720, drawing, 318 × 200 mm, Musée du Louvre, Paris 149
2.59 Jacob Houbraken, Double Portrait of Joanna Koerten and Anna Maria van Schurman, c. 1720–1740, drawing, 148 × 92 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 150
2.60 Arnold Houbraken, Joanna Koerten on the Art Throne, c. 1715, drawing, d 156 mm, Gemeente Stadsarchief, Amsterdam 151
2.61 Jan van Vianen, The Maid of Amsterdam with Tribute to Joanna Koerten, c. 1726, drawing, d 205 mm, Gemeente Stadsarchief, Amsterdam 152
2.62 Philip Tideman and Arnold Houbraken, Monument for Joanna Koerten, c. 1720–1725, drawing, 98 × 89 mm, Gemeente Stadsarchief, Amsterdam 153
2.63 Joanna Koerten, Roman Liberty, 1697, paper cutting, 293 × 245 cm, Westfries Museum, Hoorn 154
2.64 Engraved frontispiece from Philipp von Zesen, Leo Belgicus, 1660 155
2.65 Clara Peeters, Allegory on Vanity, c. 1618, oil on panel, 37.2 × 50.2 cm, private collection 158
2.66 Clara Peeters, Allegory on Vanity, detail with self-portrait 159
2.67 Judith Leyster, Self-Portrait, c. 1633, oil on canvas, 74.6 × 65.1 cm, The National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC 160
2.68 Catharina van Hemessen, Self-Portrait, 1548, tempera on panel, 31 × 24.5 cm, Kunstmuseum Basel, Basel 161
2.69 Gerard van Honthorst, Portrait of Margareta Maria de Roodere and Her Parents Gerard de Roodere and Maria van Putten, 1652, oil on canvas, 142.3 × 168.2 cm, Centraal Museum, Utrecht 163
2.70 Gerard van Honthorst, Portrait of a Woman Artist, 1648, oil on canvas, 138 × 113 cm, Crocker Art Museum, Sacramento 163
2.71 School of Gerard van Honthorst, Portrait of a Young Lady as Pictura, c. 1675, oil on canvas, 106 × 98 cm, Stedelijk Museum Zwolle, Zwolle 165
2.72 Gesina ter Borch, Self-Portrait, 1661, drawing and watercolor, 243 × 360 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 166
2.73 Gesina ter Borch, Self-Portrait, 1660, drawing and watercolor, 243 × 360 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 168
2.74 Gesina ter Borch, Triumph of Painting over Death, 1660, drawing and watercolor, 243 × 360 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 168
2.75 Maria van Oosterwijck, Vanitas Still Life, 1660s, oil on canvas, 73 × 88.5 cm, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna 170
2.76 Maria van Oosterwijck, Vanitas Still Life, detail with self-portrait 171
2.77 Wallerant Vaillant, Maria van Oosterwijck, 1671, oil on canvas, 96 × 78 cm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 172
2.78 Maria Schalcken, Self-Portrait, 1662–1720, oil on panel, 39.6 × 31.6 cm, private collection 173
2.79 Caspar Netscher, Portrait of an Unknown Artist, 1676, oil on copper, 32 × 26 cm, private collection 174
2.80 Anonymous, Portrait of an Unknown Artist, c. 1660, medium, dimensions, and present location unknown 175
2.81 Jacob Houbraken after Georg Gsell, Maria Sibylla Merian, in or after 1717, etching and engraving, 165 × 124 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 177
2.82 Michiel van Musscher, Allegorical Portrait of an Artist, Probably Rachel Ruysch, c. 1680, oil on canvas, 114.1 × 91 cm, North Carolina Museum of Art, Raleigh 178
2.83 Godfried Schalcken, Rachel Ruysch, c. 1700, oil on canvas, 71.8 × 62.2 cm, Cheltenham Art Gallery and Museum, Cheltenham 180
2.84 Jan Weenix, Agnes Block, Sijbrand de Flines, and Two Children, 1684–1704, oil on canvas, 84 × 111 cm, Amsterdam Museum, Amsterdam 183
2.85 Cornelia van Marle, Three Women in a Tea Room, 1689, oil on canvas, 63 × 51 cm, Stichting Het Vrouwenhuis, Zwolle 185
2.86 Aleida Greve, Landscape with Garden, 1689, oil on canvas, 25.6 × 21.7 cm, Stichting Het Vrouwenhuis, Zwolle 185
2.87 Engraved frontispiece from Wilhelmus Beurs, De groote waereld in ’t kleen geschildert, 1692 186
3.1 Published by Ewout Muller, The Upside-Down World, 1590s, woodcut, 576 × 768 mm, Nederlands Openluchtmuseum, Arnhem 211
3.2 Boëtius Adamsz. Bolswert after David Vinckboons I, published by Claes Jansz. Visscher, Peasants Chasing Soldiers out of their Cottage, 1610, engraving, 216 × 283 mm, The National Gallery, London 212
3.3 Pieter Bruegel, Dulle Griet, 1562, oil on panel, 117.4 × 162 cm, Museum Mayer van den Bergh, Antwerp 214
3.4 Pieter Bruegel, Netherlandish Proverbs, 1559, oil on panel, 117 × 163 cm, Gemäldegalerie, Berlin 214
3.5 Frans Hogenberg, Hay Wagon, 1559, etching, 425 × 654 mm, Cabinet des Estampes de la Bibliothèque Royale de Belgique, Brussels 215
3.6 Jaques Horenbault, Hay Wagon, 1608, etching and engraving, 394 × 518 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 217
3.7 Luxury, engraved illustration after Adriaen van de Venne from Jacob Cats, Spiegel van den voorleden en tegenwoordigen tijt, 1655 219
3.8 Overbearing Wife, illustration after Adriaen van de Venne from Jacob Cats, Houwelick, 1628 221
3.9 Cornelis van Kittensteyn after Adriaen Van de Venne, Man’s Hand Above, engraving, 276 × 374 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 221
3.10 Angry Hen, engraved illustration from Roemer Visscher, Sinnepoppen, 1614 223
3.11 An Angry Wife, illustration from Jan Harmens Krul, Weg-wyser ter deughden, 1639 224
3.12 Nicolaes Maes, The Eavesdropper, 1655, oil on panel, 46.4 × 72.1 cm, Harold Samuel Collection, London 224
3.13 Gesina ter Borch, Married Couple Fighting, c. 1652, drawing and watercolor, 313 × 202 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 225
3.14 Hugo Allard I, Bigorne and Scherminckel, c. 1640, engraving, 389 × 510 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 227
3.15 Jan Miense Molenaer, Men and Women Fighting, 1630–1650, oil on panel, 29 × 38 cm, present location unknown 228
3.16 Pieter van der Borcht I after Maerten de Vos, The Bad Household, 1545–1608, etching and engraving, 206 × 289 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 230
3.17 Salomon Savery after Joos Goeimaere, Man Gets a Beating by Three Women, 1610, etching, 157 × 211 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 231
3.18 Jan Miense Molenaer, Sense of Touch, 1637, oil on panel, 19.5 × 24.2 cm, Mauritshuis, The Hague 232
3.19 Attributed to Jan Molenaer II, Men and Women Fighting, 1669–1705, oil on panel, dimensions, and present location unknown 233
3.20 Govert Dircksz. Camphuysen, Fight in the Tavern, mid-seventeenth century, medium, dimensions, and present location unknown 235
3.21 Pieter Jansz. Quast, Wifely Admonishment, 1644, black chalk and gray wash on vellum, 217 × 299 mm, present location unknown 236
3.22 Anonymous, The Catmaker, early seventeenth century, medium, dimensions, and present location unknown 236
3.23 Remigius Hogenberg, Man Cheated at a Tavern, c. 1550, etching, 245 × 342 mm, British Museum, London 238
3.24 Anonymous, Irate Wife, oil on panel, late sixteenth century, 34 × 34 cm, present location unknown 240
3.25 Gillis van Breen after Karel van Mander I, Man Caught with a Prostitute, 1601, engraving, 177 × 160 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 241
3.26 Jan Miense Molenaer, The Jealous Wife, 1650, oil on panel, 49.5 × 36.5 cm, Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenhagen 242
3.27 Jan de Visscher after Adriaen Van Ostade, Tavern Interior with Two Men and a Woman Seated before a Hearth, 1653–1706, etching and engraving, 350 × 260 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 244
3.28 Anonymous, Battle for the Trousers, late sixteenth century, oil on panel, 36 × 48.5 cm, present location unknown 246
3.29 Published by Van der Hagen, Proverbs, early seventeenth century, woodcut, 365 × 445 mm, Amsterdam, Rijksmuseum 247
3.30 Battle for the Trousers, engraved illustration from Adriaen van de Venne, Tafereel van de belacchende werelt, 1635 249
3.31 Anonymous, Battle for the Trousers, 1555, woodcut and watercolor, 219 × 349 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 251
3.32 Anonymous, Curtain Sermon, c. 1560s–1570s, woodcut, 229 × 322 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 253
3.33 Nicolaes Braeu after Karel van Mander I, Battle for the Trousers, late sixteenth century, engraving, 236 × 170 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 255
3.34 Attributed to Joachim van den Heuvel, Battle for the Trousers, c. 1630, oil on panel, 30 × 35 cm, present location unknown 256
3.35 Attributed to Joachim van den Heuvel, Phyllis and Aristotle, c. 1630, oil on panel, 30 × 35 cm, present location unknown 257
3.36 Pieter Serwouters after David Vinckboons, The Battle for the Trousers, 1607, engraving, 174 × 216 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 258
3.37 Cornelis van Kittensteyn after Adriaen van de Venne, The Battle for the Trousers, 1610–1663, engraving, 270 × 353 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 260
3.38 Frans Hogenberg, Battle for the Trousers, c. 1570s, etching and engraving, 322 × 510 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 263
3.39 Johannes Galle perhaps after Maarten de Vos, Battle for the Trousers, early seventeenth century, engraving, 221 × 289 mm, Cabinet des Estampes de la Bibliothèque Royale de Belgique, Brussels 265
3.40 Battle for the Trousers, engraved illustration from Johann Theodor de Bry, Emblemata Saecularia, 1596 267
3.41 Published by Joos de Bosscher, Battle for the Trousers, 1590s, engraving, 214 × 180 mm, Prentenkabinet der Rijksuniversiteit Leiden, Leiden 268
3.42 Pieter Jansz. Quast, Battle for the Trousers, c. 1630–1647, drawing, 30.3 × 14.7 cm, Rotterdam, Atlas van Stolk 269
3.43 Husband’s Misery, engraved illustration from Adriaen van de Venne, Tafereel van de belacchende werelt, 1635 272
3.44 Harmen Hals, Henpecked Husband, oil on panel, 30.5 × 25.5 cm, present location unknown 273
3.45 Pieter Jansz. Quast, Sense of Smell, 1638, etching, 130 × 103 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 274
3.46 Southern Netherlandish School, Proverbs, detail, late sixteenth or early seventeenth century, oil on canvas, 92.1 × 118.1 cm, present location unknown 275
3.47 Hans Liefrinck I, Hennetaster, c. 1570s, engraving and watercolor, 357 × 400 mm, Museum Plantin-Moretus, Antwerp 276
3.48 Harmen Jansz. Muller after Jan Muller, Hennetaster, 1631–1656, engraving, d 168 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 278
3.49 Julius Goltzius, Hennetaster, c. 1575–1595, engraving, 276 × 166 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 279
3.50 Barent Fabritius, Hennetaster, c. 1666, oil on panel, 38.8 × 32.7 cm, Suermondt-Ludwig Museum, Aachen 280
3.51 Herman Saftleven, Hennetaster, 1647, etching, 50 × 37 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 281
3.52 Anonymous, Hennetaster, engraving, 266 × 175 mm, Prentenkabinet der Rijksuniversiteit Leiden, Leiden 282
3.53 Abraham Bloemaert, Peasant Man, 1632, oil on panel, 37.5 × 27.2 cm, Centraal Museum, Utrecht 283
3.54 Abraham Bloemaert, Peasant Woman, 1632, oil on panel, 37.5 × 27.6 cm, Centraal Museum, Utrecht 284
3.55 Abraham Bloemaert, Old Woman with Rooster, 1630–1635, oil on canvas, 85 × 71 cm, present location unknown 285
3.56 Joachim Wtewael, Hennetaster, oil on panel, 59 × 42.5 cm, Staatliche Kunsthalle, Karlsruhe 286
3.57 Copy after Joachim Wtewael, Woman with Basket of Eggs, oil on canvas, 77.5 × 57.1 cm, Museo de Arte de Ponce, Ponce 286
3.58 Cornelis Bloemaert II after Hendrick Bloemaert, Hennetaster, engraving, 174 × 124 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 288
3.59 Johannes Baeck, Woman with a Rooster, 1654, oil on canvas, 80.4 × 65.5 cm, Centraal Museum, Utrecht 289
3.60 Johannes Baeck, Man with a Hen, 1615–1656, oil on canvas, 79.9 × 65 cm, Centraal Museum, Utrecht 289
3.61 Johannes Wierix after Pieter Bruegel, Henpecked Husband, 1566–1570, engraving, d 179 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 291
3.62 Jacob de Gheyn II, A Nagging Wife and a Spinning Man, 1593–1597, engraving, 247 × 175 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 292
3.63 Claes Jansz. Visscher II after Pieter Jansz. Quast, The Devil Tangles the Yarn, 1638 and/or 1652, etching and engraving, 212 × 165 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 293
3.64 Unhappy Marriages, engraved illustration from Adrianus Poirters’s Het masker van de wereldt afgetrocken, 1646 295
3.65 Jan Snellinck II, Woman and Man Spinning, 1606–1627, oil on panel, 38 × 48 cm, present location unknown 296
3.66 Published by Joos de Bosscher, The Spinning Room, 1590s, etching and engraving, 269 × 385 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 297
3.67 Circle of Adriaen van Ostade, The Spinning Room, 1640s, oil on panel, dimensions unknown, private collection 298
3.68 Bartholomeus Molenaer, A Woman Beating up a Man, 1640s, oil on panel, private collection 299
3.69 Anonymous, Tyrannical Wives, mid-seventeenth century, woodcut 300
3.70 Baptista van Doetecum, I Bind Not Alone, c. 1607, engraving, 37 × 29 mm., Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin–Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Manuscript Department, Einbl. YA 4306 m 304
3.71 Anonymous, Woman and Man Spinning, 1617, engraving, 240 × 280 mm, Atlas van Stolk, Rotterdam 306
3.72 Salomon Savery after Pieter Jansz. Quast, Woman and Man Spinning, 1638–1665, engraving and etching, 134 × 89 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 308
3.73 Jan Miense Molenaer, Battle for the Trousers, 1640–1660, oil on panel, 46.5 × 63 cm, present location unknown 311
3.74 Godfried Schalcken, Game of “Lady Come into the Garden”, c. 1670, oil on panel, 63.5 × 49.5 cm, Royal Collection, London 312
3.75 Jacob Gole after Cornelis Dusart, Sense of Touch, 1685–1703, mezzotint, 23.5 × 18 cm, Atlas van Stolk, Rotterdam 312
3.76 Jacob Gole after Cornelis Dusart, Sense of Hearing, 1685–1703, mezzotint, 23.5 × 18 cm, Atlas van Stolk, Rotterdam 313
3.77 Jacob Gole after Cornelis Dusart, Sense of Sight, 1685–1703, mezzotint, 23.5 × 18 cm, Atlas van Stolk, Rotterdam 314
3.78 Jacob Gole after Cornelis Dusart, Sense of Smell, 1685–1703, mezzotint, 23.5 × 18 cm, Atlas van Stolk, Rotterdam 314
4.1 Geertruydt Roghman, Women Sewing, c. 1648, engraving, 213 × 171 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 350
4.2 Geertruydt Roghman, Woman with Vanitas Objects, c. 1648, engraving, 213 × 171 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 351
4.3 Geertruydt Roghman, Woman Cooking Pancakes, c. 1648, engraving, 213 × 171 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 352
4.4 Geertruydt Roghman, Woman Spinning and Child, c. 1648, engraving, 213 × 171 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 353
4.5 Geertruydt Roghman, Woman Scouring Metalware, c. 1648, engraving, 213 × 171 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 354
4.6 Jan van de Velde II, The Pancake Woman, c. 1620s, engraving, 185 × 130 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 355
4.7 Herman Saftleven, The Kitchenmaid, 1634, oil on panel, 30.5 × 39 cm, Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenhagen 357
4.8 Jan Steen, Woman Scouring Metalware, c. 1650–1660, oil on panel, 24.5 × 20 cm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 357
4.9 Geertruydt Roghman, Woman Drawing, c. 1640–1650, drawing, 185 × 137 mm, present location unknown 360
4.10 Jacob Vrel, Woman by the Hearth, c. 1655, oil on panel, 36 × 27.6 cm, The State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg 363
4.11 Jacob Vrel, Woman at the Window, 1654, oil on panel, 66.5 × 47.4 cm, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna 364
4.12 Pieter Janssens, Elinga, Woman Cleaning Metalware, 1660s or 1670s, oil on canvas, 50.8 × 48.2 cm, present location unknown 365
4.13 Caspar Netscher, Lacemaker, 1662, oil on canvas, 33 × 27 cm, Wallace Collection, London 366
4.14 Pieter de Hooch, A Courtyard in Delft at Evening: A Woman Spinning, c. 1656, oil on canvas, 69.3 × 53.8 cm, Royal Collection, London 367
4.15 Pieter de Hooch, A Seated Couple with a Standing Woman in a Garden, c. 1663–1665, oil on canvas, 60 × 45.7 cm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 367
4.16 Pieter de Hooch, Two Women and a Child in a Courtyard, c. 1657, oil on panel, 57.4 × 68 cm, Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo 368
4.17 Attributed to Thomas Wijck, A Woman in a Courtyard, 1640–1677, oil on panel, 34.8 × 33 cm, Staatliches Museum Schwerin, Schwerin 369
4.18 Jacob Duck, A Woman Ironing, c. 1650–1665, oil on panel, 42.5 × 33.1 cm, Centraal Museum, Utrecht 370
4.19 Pieter Gerritsz. van Roestraten, Woman Baking Pancakes, 1678, oil on canvas, 77 × 65 cm, Museum Bredius, The Hague 370
4.20 Gerard ter Borch, The Reading Lesson, c. 1652, oil on panel, 27 × 25.3 cm, Louvre Museum, Paris 371
4.21 Emanuel de Witte, Kitchen Interior, 1660s, oil on canvas mounted on panel, 48.6 × 41.6 cm, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston 372
4.22 Esaias Boursse, Woman in a Courtyard, c. 1660, oil on canvas, 37.7 × 30 cm, Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam 373
4.23 Esaias Boursse, Interior with Woman Cooking, 1656, oil on canvas, 51 × 57.8 cm, Wallace Collection, London 373
4.24 Johannes Vermeer, The Milkmaid, c. 1660, oil on canvas, 45.5 × 41 cm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 374
4.25 Johannes Vermeer, The Lacemaker, c. 1670, oil on canvas, 24.5 × 21 cm, Louvre, Paris 374
4.26 Johannes Vermeer, Woman Holding a Balance, c. 1663, oil on canvas, 39.7 × 35.5 cm, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC 375
4.27 Johannes Vermeer, Woman with a Pearl Necklace, c. 1662–1665, oil on canvas, 55 × 45 cm, Gemäldegalerie, Berlin 376
4.28 Gabriël Metsu, A Woman at her Mirror, c. 1660, oil on panel, 19.2 × 16.6 cm, The Wallace Collection, London 377
4.29 Johannes Vermeer, Young Woman with a Water Pitcher, c. 1662, oil on canvas, 45.7 × 40.6 cm, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City 380
4.30 Jacob Vrel, Two Women Conversing, c. 1652–1654, oil on panel, 35.5 × 27.9 cm, present location unknown 381
4.31 Jacob Vrel, Woman Reading in a Courtyard, c. 1654–1662, oil on panel, 61 × 48 cm, present location unknown 382
4.32 Jacob Vrel, Lying-in Room, c. 1654–1662, oil on panel, 71 × 58.5 cm, present location unknown 383
4.33 Quiringh van Brekelenkam, A Woman Letting Blood, c. 1661, oil on panel, 47.9 × 36.7 cm, Mauritshuis, The Hague 384
4.34 Quiringh van Brekelenkam, Women Engaged in Conversation, 1661, oil on panel, 47 × 36 cm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 385
4.35 Quiringh van Brekelenkam, Women Engaged in Conversation, 1660, oil on panel, 40.7 × 51.3 cm, present location unknown 386
4.36 Johannes Vermeer, A Lady Writing, c. 1665, oil on canvas, 45 × 39.9 cm, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC 388
4.37 Cornelis van Dalen II after Cornelis Janssens van Ceulen, Anna Maria van Schurman, 1648–1664, engraving and etching, 304 × 245 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 389
4.38 Johannes Vermeer, Woman with a Lute, c. 1662, oil on canvas, 51.4 × 45.7 cm, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City 390
4.39 Pieter Janssens (Elinga), Woman Playing a Guitar, c. 1655–1665, oil on canvas, Phoenix Art Museum, Phoenix 391
4.40 Pieter Janssens (Elinga), Woman Reading, c. late 1660s, oil on canvas, 75.5 × 63.5 cm, Alte Pinakothek, Munich 391
4.41 Quiringh van Brekelenkam, Lacemaker with a Child, 1663, 47.5 × 34 cm, private collection 392
4.42 Gabriël Metsu, Woman Playing the Harpsichord, c. 1665, oil on wood, 23.9 × 19.9 cm, Petit Palais, Paris 393
4.43 Gabriël Metsu, Woman Drawing, c. 1655–1660, oil on panel, 36.3 × 30.7 cm, The National Gallery, London 393
4.44 Anonymous, Girl Drawing, second half of the seventeenth century, oil on canvas, 27 × 22.5 cm, Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia 394
4.45 Eglon van der Neer, Woman Reading, c. 1665, oil on canvas, 38.1 × 27.9 cm, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City 395
4.46 Eglon van der Neer, A Lady Drawing, c. 1665, oil on panel, 30.3 × 25.6 cm, Wallace Collection, London 395
4.47 Michiel van Musscher, Self-Portrait, 1679, oil on panel, 57 × 46.5 cm, Schielandshuis, Rotterdam 397
4.48 Frans van Mieris I, Woman Artist, 1670s, oil on panel, 27.5 × 22.5 cm, present location unknown 397
4.49 Johannes Voorhout I, Woman Artist, late seventeenth century, oil on canvas, 48.5 × 40.3 cm, Worcester Art Museum, Worcester 398
4.50 Johannes Voorhout I, Woman Artist, 1662–1723, oil on canvas, 76 × 61 cm, Instituut Collectie Nederland, Amsterdam 399
4.51 Richard Brakenburgh, Woman Artist, 1670–1702, oil on panel, 30.3 × 25.5 cm, private collection 399
4.52 Quiringh van Brekelenkam, Interior with Three Women and a Girl, 1663, oil on panel, 50 × 49.5 cm, Kunsthaus, Zürich 401
4.53 Pieter de Hooch, A Woman and her Maid in a Courtyard, c. 1660, oil on canvas, 73.7 × 62.6 cm, The National Gallery, London 402
4.54 Michiel van Musscher, Portrait of Sara Anthonis, 1671, oil on canvas, 100.5 × 88.5 cm, present location unknown 403
4.55 Hendrick Bloemaert, Maria van Pallaes’s Annual Distribution of Food to the Poor, 1657, oil on canvas, 90.7 × 178.8 cm, Centraal Museum on loan from Fundatie van Vrouwe Maria van Pallaes, Utrecht 405
4.56 Jan Victors, The Clothing of the Orphans, c. 1660, oil on canvas, 146 × 221 cm, Amsterdam Museum, Amsterdam 406
4.57 Hendrick de Keyser, Castigatio, 1607, Spinhuis portal, Amsterdam 409
4.58 Nicolaes Elias Pickenoy, Four Regents and a House Father of the Spinhuis Prison, 1628, oil on canvas, 178 × 233 cm, Amsterdam Museum, Amsterdam 411
4.59 Dirck Dircksz. van Santvoort, The Regentesses and House Mothers of the Spinhuis, 1638, oil on canvas, 187.5 × 214 cm, Amsterdam Museum, Amsterdam 412
4.60 Bartholomeus van der Helst, Two Regentesses and Two Regents of the Spinhuis, 1650, oil on canvas, 223 × 317 cm, Amsterdam Museum, Amsterdam 414
4.61 Bartholomeus van der Helst, Two Regentesses and Two Regents of the Spinhuis, detail of discipline 415
4.62 Quiringh van Brekelenkam, Lacemaker’s School, oil on panel, 62.3 × 86.5 cm, 1654, present location unknown 417
4.63 Anthonie Palamedesz., Wedding Feast of the Daughter of Liesbeth van Waart, 1640, oil on panel, 70 × 93 cm, private collection 418
4.64 Pieter de Hooch, A Woman Nursing an Infant with a Child and a Dog, c. 1660, oil on canvas, 67.9 × 55.6 cm, Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, San Francisco 419
4.65 Gabriël Metsu, Visit to the Nursery, 1661, oil on canvas, 77.5 × 81.3 cm, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City 420
4.66 Anonymous, Struggle for Daily Bread, first half of the seventeenth century, oil on panel, 61 × 115 cm, Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Amsterdam 422
4.67 Isaac Claesz. van Swanenburg, Spinning, 1594–1596, oil on panel, 137.5 × 196 cm, Museum de Lakenhal, Leiden 424
4.68 Hendrick Martensz. Sorgh, A Vegetable Market, c. 1662, oil on panel, 47 × 62.5 cm, present location unknown 425
4.69 Joachim Beuckelaer, Market Woman, 1561, oil on panel, 125 × 94 cm, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna 427
4.70 Emanuel de Witte, Delft Bird Market, 1670s, oil on canvas, 52 × 63 cm, Nationalmuseum, Stockholm 428
4.71 Sybrand van Beest, The Pig Market in The Hague, c. 1650, oil on panel, 89 × 122 cm, Museum Bredius, The Hague 428
4.72 Cornelis Beelt, Metalworking Shop, 1630–1664, oil on panel, 44.5 × 55 cm, present location unknown 429
4.73 Quiringh van Brekelenkam, The Apothecary Shop, c. 1656, oil on panel, 48 × 36 cm, present location unknown 430
4.74 Job Adriaensz. Berckheyde, The Bakery Shop, c. 1680, oil on canvas, 47.6 × 39.4, Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin 431
4.75 Adriaen Van Ostade, The Fishwife, 1672, oil on canvas, 36.5 × 39.5 cm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 431
4.76 Pieter de Hooch, The Gold Weigher, c. 1664, oil on canvas, 61 × 53 cm, Gemaldegalerie, Berlin 432
4.77 Michiel van Musscher, View of the Haarlemmerpoort in Amsterdam, 1668, oil on canvas, 87 × 75.5 cm, Amsterdam Museum, Amsterdam 436
4.78 Jacob van Ruisdael, The Dam Square in Amsterdam, c. 1670, oil on canvas, 52 × 65 cm, Gemaldegalerie, Berlin 437
4.79 Emanuel de Witte, Adriana van Heusden and her Daughter at the New Fishmarket in Amsterdam, c. 1662, oil on canvas, 57.1 × 64.1 cm, The National Gallery, London 439
4.80 Quiringh van Brekelenkam, Woman and a Girl at a Fish Stall, c. 1665, oil on panel, 48 × 37 cm, Suermondt-Ludwig Museum, Aachen 440
4.81 Quiringh van Brekelenkam, Woman and a Girl at a Fish Stall, detail
4.82 Nicolaes Maes, Two Housewives Chatting at the Window, c. 1655, oil on panel, 57.3 × 41.6 cm, Dordrechts Museum, Dordrecht 441
4.83 Quiringh van Brekelenkam, Tailor’s Shop, 1661, oil on canvas, 66 × 53.5 cm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 442
4.84 Nicolaes Maes, Poultry Shop, c. 1659, oil on canvas, 74.5 × 92.1 cm, present location unknown 444
4.85 Willem Pietersz. Buytewech, Allegory on the Deceitfulness of Spain and the Liberty and Prosperity of the Dutch Republic, 1615, etching, 140 × 182 mm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 446
4.86 Jacob van Meurs, Women’s Revolt of Delft, engraved and colored illustration from Johann Ludwig Gottfried’s Historische chronyck, 1660 449
4.87 Maria Block, Sampler, 1665, cloth, Amsterdams Historisch Museum, Amsterdam 451
4.88 Maria Block, Sampler, detail with Maid of Holland 451
4.89 Kenau Simonsdr. Hasselaer, illustration from Petrus de Lange, Batavis Romeyn, 1661 452