Index
“absence of characteristics” (wu 無)
35, 45–47
the absolute (li 理)
42, 48, 174, 212–214, 216, 220
adhyācarati see manifest activity (xianxing 現行; adhyācarati)
ālayavijñāna (eighth or store consciousness)
58–59, 63n105, 102, 109, 111, 114, 118, 132, 135, 137, 139n39, 140–141, 190
Anhui 安慧 see Sthiramati (Anhui 安慧) Sthiramati (Anhui 安慧)
antagrāhadṛṣṭi (bianjian 邊見; extreme view)
133–134
eternalism
;
nihilism
apophatic mode of explanation
104, 120, 131, 152–156, 167, 223
arising and ceasing (sheng mie 生滅)
215–216, 219, 222
constancy; dharmas; transformation
aspect of the mind of sentient beings
40–42, 102–103, 184–185, 203
characteristic of consciousness
87–91, 94, 117, 119
characteristic of productive power
107–109, 121, 192
“that which arises and ceases”
74, 118–119, 151
consciousness
;
Function
“that which neither arises nor ceases”
74, 101, 118–119, 151
Reality
;
suchness
asaṃskṛta-dharma see unconditioned dharma (wuwei fa 無爲法; asaṃskṛta-dharma)
Asaṅga (Wuzhuo 無著)
61, 71–72, 86n48, 97, 121–122, 135
Aśvaghoṣa (Maming 馬鳴)
39n31, 64
Dasheng qi xin lun 大乘起信論
Bairi weixin 百日維新 see Hundred Days Reform (Bairi weixin 百日維新, or Wuxu bianfa 戊戌變法)
basic stuff (benzhi 本質; bimba)
79
ben-mo 本末 (root and branches)
33n13, 35
benti 本體 (Fundamental Reality)
2, 45, 47, 53, 99n84, 162, 186
Reality; Reality and Function; ti-yong polarity
benxin 本心 (inherent mind)
172n1, 173–174, 181n24, 185–191, 196n63, 214–215, 217, 220
benzhi 本質 (basic stuff; bimba)
79
Bhāviveka (Qingbian 清辨)
92, 98, 156–157
bianjian 邊見 (extreme view; antagrāhadṛṣṭi)
133–134
eternalism; nihilism
bianyi 變易 see transformation (bianyi 變易; zhuanbian 轉變)
bīja see seeds (zhongzi 種子; bīja)
bimba (benzhi 本質; basic stuff)
79
Bol, Peter K.
5n15
The Book of Change see Zhouyi 周易/Yijing 易經 (The Book of Change)
Book of Mind (Xin shu 心書)
18–19
“branches” (mo 末)
33n13, 35
buddha-nature (foxing 佛性)
39, 68–69, 191
Buddhism
Dasheng qi xin lun 大乘起信論; Hīnayāna Buddhism; Huayan school; Indian Buddhism; Madhyamaka Buddhism; Mahāyāna Buddhism; Three Treatise School; Yogācāra Buddhism
accommodation of Chinese values
226
attitude to human life
227
in Chinese philosophy see Chinese philosophy
Confucianism contrasted with
227
discussions of Reality and Function
34–44, 61–69, 70, 120, 202– 204, 212– 214, 221–223
Reality and Function
“genuine Buddhism” movement
5, 9, 29, 61–69, 70, 174, 191, 216–217
“false” Buddhism debates
lost texts
73n9
buyi 不易 see constancy (buyi 不易; hengchang 恆常)
Cai Yuanpei 蔡元培
23, 27
ceasing (mie 滅) see arising and ceasing (sheng mie 生滅)
Chan, Wing-tsit
2, 34, 38, 49n65, 62, 141n48, 187
chang jian 常見 (eternalism)
87–88, 134n27
Characteristics school (xiang zong 相宗)
154–156
Yogācāra Buddhism
Chen Baisha 陳白沙
14, 59–60, 70
Cheng Hao 程灝
11n18, 53n76, 54n78
Cheng weishi lun 成唯識論 (Treatise Demonstrating Nothing but Consciousness)
73, 76n16, 76n17, 77, 79n25, 81n33, 83, 94–97, 123, 124, 136–137, 139n39, 140–141
Xuanzang 玄奘
Cheng weishi lun shuji 成唯識論述記 (Commentary on the Treatise Demonstrating Nothing but Consciousness)
73, 99, 114, 124
Kuiji 窺基
Cheng Yi 程頤
11n18, 15, 44, 47–51, 100
Cheng-Zhu 程朱 school of Neo-Confucianism
11
Chengguan 澄觀
203, 213–214, 216
Huayan school
Chenna 陳那 see Dignāga (Chenna 陳那)
China
challenge of Western modernity
20–22, 227–228
New Confucianism
Constitutional Protection Movement
16
culture and philosophy see Chinese culture; Chinese philosophy
Hundred Days Reform
11–13
May Fourth Movement
20–21, 227–228
Qing dynasty
11–15
“radical” versus “conservative” movements
20–22, 227–228
relationship with Japan
4, 20n57, 25–26, 28, 228
revolutionary movements
13–17, 22
Xiong’s concern about
12–22, 25–28, 226–228
China Institute of Inner Learning (Zhina neixue yuan 支那內學院)
4, 9, 22–23, 24, 61n93, 62, 69, 71–72, 73n10, 116, 123, 173n3
Chinese culture
“national essence” movement
21, 26–27
New Culture Movement
20–21
promotion of
21–22, 26–28, 227–228
Chinese philosophy
1–3, 144
Reality and Function; ti-yong polarity
Buddhist dominance
34–35, 43–44
Buddhist traditions
8, 38–39, 61–62, 72n5, 75, 94, 105, 122, 174, 191, 202–203, 216–217, 221, 225–227
Dasheng qi xin lun 大乘起信論; Huayan school
Confucian traditions see Confucianism; Neo-Confucianism; New Confucianism
ti-yong polarity in Chinese philosophical history
30–55, 69–70, 120
Chinese Revolutionary Alliance (Zhongguo tongmeng hui 中國同盟會)
13, 14, 15
Chow, Tse-tsung
20, 27
Commentary on the Treatise Demonstrating Nothing but Consciousness see Cheng weishi lun shuji 成唯識論述記
compression (qu 屈) and extension (shen 申)
125, 143–148, 157, 167, 168, 216, 219
conditioned dharmas (youwei fa 有爲法; saṃskṛta-dharma)
62, 64, 65, 68, 87, 92–93, 95, 97, 100, 109, 117, 118, 120, 165, 185, 201, 219
Confucianism
1, 20–22, 31, 34, 221, 224–225, 226, 227–228
Neo-Confucianism; New Confucianism
attitude to human life
227
Buddhism contrasted with
227
promotion of
26–28, 227–228
consciousness (shi 識; vijñāna)
arising and ceasing
characteristics of
87–91, 95–97, 129–130
“dependent arising” doctrine
81, 83, 90–91, 94–97, 127, 129–131, 133, 153
eighth or store consciousness see ālayavijñāna (eighth or store consciousness)
false consciousness
183–185, 214
first seven consciousnesses
59n88, 111, 132, 137, 141
as Function
74, 75–98, 101–107, 119–122, 219
kinds of
59n88, 127, 129, 136, 175
manifest activity as
110–111, 127n9
manifest activity
manifest consciousness
110–111, 127n9, 130–131, 133–135, 137
“nothing but consciousness” concept
77–78, 81, 83, 91–99, 152–154, 176, 179–182
parts of
75–86, 127–131, 136
as representation of phenomenal world
75–86, 99
and suchness
74, 98–107, 182, 225
Xiong’s critique of Yogācāra theories
124, 125, 127–136, 150, 219
Xiong’s negation of existence of
91–98, 119, 219
constancy (buyi 不易; hengchang 恆常)
38, 101–102, 117, 119, 150–151, 158–159, 200–202, 207, 215, 216–217, 219, 225
arising and ceasing; quiescence/stillness; transformation
simultaneous transformation and constancy
173–174, 191–199, 215, 220, 225
constant transformation see transformation (bianyi 變易; zhuanbian 轉變)
Constitutional Protection Movement (Hufa yundong 護法運動)
16
contraction (xi 翕) and expansion (pi 闢)
143n54, 143n55, 146–147
Critical Review see Xueheng 学衡
culture, traditional see Chinese culture; Chinese philosophy; Confucianism
Daily Understanding Society (Ri zhi hui 日知會)
13–14
Daoism
5n15, 31, 34, 224
Dasheng qi xin lun 大乘起信論 (Treatise on Awakening Mahāyāna Faith)
39–43, 100, 102–104, 191, 199, 204, 216–217, 221, 225
attributions
39n31
Huayan school influenced by
41–43, 49, 204
Ouyang Jingwu’s critique of
61–69
“two aspects of the one mind” concept
40–42, 49, 103, 119n142, 173–174, 184–185, 196, 214, 216, 220
water and waves metaphor
202–203
Deng Shi 鄧實
21
“dependent arising” doctrine
81, 83, 90–91, 94–97, 127, 129–131, 133, 153
Dharma-characteristic school (faxiang zong 法相宗)
154n96
Yogācāra Buddhism
Dharma-nature school (faxing zong 法性宗)
154n96
Madhyamaka Buddhism
dharma-realm (fajie 法界; dharmadhātu)
110, 118, 165–166, 209, 211, 213
dharmadhātu see dharma-realm (fajie 法界; dharmadhātu)
Dharmapāla (Hufa 護法)
71, 72n5, 73, 75, 77, 84n45, 85, 123, 124, 127n10, 176, 223
“transformation of consciousness” concept
81–83
Xiong’s critique of
128–138, 150, 156, 162, 165–166
Dharmapāla-Xuanzang tradition
72–73, 75, 83, 94, 112n123, 122, 123–124, 136, 174, 191, 216–217, 226
Asaṅga; Dharmapāla; Kuiji 窺基; Vasubandhu; Xuanzang 玄奘
dharmas (fa 法)
40–41, 58, 62–67, 74, 77, 83, 87–101, 107, 109–111, 112, 115, 121, 125–126, 128, 136, 138, 142–144, 149–151, 154, 156, 159, 164–168, 184–185, 198–199, 202, 208, 210
conditioned dharmas
62, 64, 65, 68, 87, 92–93, 95, 97, 100, 109, 117, 118, 120, 165, 185, 201, 219
defined
40n33
manifest dharmas
125–126, 127n9, 132–133, 135, 136, 140, 142, 144, 150–151, 157, 162, 167, 219, 220
unconditioned dharma
64–65, 67, 93, 99–100, 101, 102, 104, 109, 110, 116–117, 119, 120, 192, 215, 222
suchness consciousness
Dignāga (Chenna 陳那)
72n8, 80n28, 84n45, 127n10
Ding Weixiang 丁爲祥
7, 15, 149
dong 動 see movement (dong 動)
duan jian 斷見 (nihilism)
87–88, 134n27
Duan Qirui 段祺瑞
25
Dushun 杜順
203, 212–213
Huayan school
eighth consciousness see ālayavijñāna (eighth or store consciousness)
emptiness (kong 空; śūnyatā)
18, 92–93, 95, 119, 148, 154–156, 164–165, 201, 203
ultimate emptiness
38, 90, 97–98
Madhyamaka Buddhism
Emptiness school (kong zong 空宗)
154n96, 156
Madhyamaka Buddhism
“entire process of ceaseless transformation”
125–126, 149, 167, 220
constant transformation
eternalism (chang jian 常見)
87–88, 134n27
Existence school (you zong 有宗)
153, 154n96, 156, 163
Yogācāra Buddhism
expansion (pi 闢) see contraction (xi 翕) and expansion (pi 闢)
explanation, modes of
104, 120, 131, 152–156, 167, 223
extension (shen 申) see compression (qu 屈) and extension (shen 申)
extreme view (bianjian 邊見; antagrāhadṛṣṭi)
133–134
eternalism; nihilism
fa 法 see dharmas (fa 法)
fajie 法界 see dharma-realm (fajie 法界; dharmadhātu)
“false” Buddhism debates
61–69
“genuine Buddhism” movement
false consciousness (wangshi 妄識)
183–185, 214
false mind (wangxin 妄心)
185
Fan Zhongyan 范仲淹
12
faxiang zong 法相宗 (Dharma-characteristic school)
154n96
Yogācāra Buddhism
faxing zong 法性宗 (Dharma-nature school)
154n96
Madhyamaka Buddhism
Fazang 法藏
41–44, 48–49, 203–204
Huayan school
fenbielunzhe 分別論者 (Vibhajyavādin)
64–65
flowing and moving (liudong 流動)
35, 37–38
movement
Four Books (Si shu 四書)
11
foxing 佛性 (buddha-nature)
39, 68–69, 191
Fu Sinian 傅斯年
21
Function
Reality and Function; ti-yong polarity
consciousness as
74, 75–98, 101–107, 119–122, 219
manifest activity as
74, 75, 106–107, 111–116, 118–119, 121, 124, 127, 151, 165–166, 219, 222
meaning
2, 34
Fundamental Reality (benti 本體)
2, 45, 47, 53, 99n84, 162, 186
Reality; Reality and Function; ti-yong polarity
Gao Zanfei 高贊非
169–170, 176
Gasster, Michael
13, 14–15
A General Account of Yogācāra Learning see Weishixue gailun 唯識學概論
“genuine Buddhism” (zhenshi foxue 真實佛學) movement
5, 9, 29, 61–69, 70, 174, 191, 216–217
gongneng 功能 see productive power (gongneng 功能; śakti)
great void (taixu 太虛)
44–47
vital stuff
Gregory, Peter N.
41–42, 43, 105, 204, 212–214, 226
Guo Meihua 郭美華
7, 22, 178
Guo Qiyong 郭齊勇
7, 151n85, 171
Guo Shengnan 郭勝男
157n101, 168n117, 169, 171, 172n2
guocui 國粹 (national essence)
21, 26–27
Guocui xuebao 國粹學報 (National Essence Journal)
21
Guogu 國故 (National Heritage)
21
Guoxue baocun hui 國學保存會 (Society for the Preservation of National Learning)
21
guoxue men 國學門 (Institute of National Learning)
27
Peking University
He Shengmu 何聖木
11, 14
He Zixin 何自新
13, 15, 149
hengchang 恆常 see constancy (buyi 不易; hengchang 恆常)
Hīnayāna Buddhism
64–65, 78, 92, 99n83, 113n126
fenbielunzhe 分別論者
Huang Jie 黃節
21
Huanggang junxuejie jiangxishe 黃岡軍學界講習社 (Huanggang Military and Educational Lecture Society)
14, 15
Huanggang Military and Educational Lecture Society (Huanggang junxuejie jiangxishe 黃岡軍學界講習社)
14, 15
Huayan school
8, 41–43, 48–49, 118n138, 174, 203–204, 212–214, 216–217, 220, 221, 225–226
Hufa 護法 see Dharmapāla (Hufa 護法)
Hufa yundong 護法運動 (Constitutional Protection Movement)
16
human life
132–133, 135, 159
Buddhist and Confucian attitudes compared
227
Xiong’s attitude to
218, 227, 228
Hundred Days Reform (Bairi weixin 百日維新, or Wuxu bianfa 戊戌變法)
11–13
ice and water metaphor
46
Indian Buddhism
5n16, 19–20, 26, 28, 37n23, 38–39, 57, 58, 69, 90, 105, 120, 223, 228
Hīnayāna Buddhism; Madhyamaka Buddhism; Yogācāra Buddhism
inherent mind (benxin 本心)
172n1, 173–174, 181n24, 185–191, 196n63, 214–215, 217, 220
innate moral knowledge (liangzhi 良知)
53–54, 186–191, 214–215, 217
wisdom
Institute of National Learning (guoxue men 國學門)
27
Peking University
intermeshed everywhere (jiaobian 交遍)
175, 176, 211
“it is precisely Function that is Reality” (ji yong ji ti 即用即體)
173, 199–205, 208, 215–216
“it is precisely Reality that is Function” (ji ti ji yong 即體即用)
38
Japan, relationship with China
4, 20n57, 25–26, 28, 228
ji ti ji yong 即體即用 see “it is precisely Reality that is Function” (ji ti ji yong 即體即用)
ji yong ji ti 即用即體 see “it is precisely Function that is Reality” (ji yong ji ti 即用即體)
ji yong xian ti 即用顯體 see “revealing Reality through Function” (ji yong xian ti 即用顯體)
Jiang, Tao
95n72, 112n123, 113, 114, 140n43
Jiang Weiqiao 蔣維喬
43
jiaobian 交遍 (intermeshed everywhere)
175, 176, 211
Jihu 寂護 (Śāntarakṣita)
98
jing 靜 see quiescence/stillness (jing 靜)
Jing Haifeng 景海峰
7, 18–19, 147n67, 171
Jiumoluoshi 鳩摩羅什 see Kumārajīva (Jiumoluoshi 鳩摩羅什)
Jizang 吉藏
38–39, 41
kataphatic mode of explanation
104, 120, 153, 155–156, 167
kong 空 see emptiness (kong 空; śūnyatā)
Kong Yingda 孔穎達
142
kong zong 空宗 see Emptiness school (kong zong 空宗)
Kuiji 窺基
61, 71–73, 82, 124, 129–131
Dharmapāla-Xuanzang tradition
Kumārajīva (Jiumoluoshi 鳩摩羅什)
38
kun 坤
15, 145–147, 149
Laozi 老子
31, 32, 35n18, 46, 223
li 理 (the absolute)
42, 48, 174, 212–214, 216, 220
li 理 (principle)
47–52, 54, 60, 100
Li Qingliang 李清良
157n101, 168n117, 169, 171, 172n1, 172n2, 195n61, 196–197
li shi wu’ai 理事無礙 see “unobstructed interpenetration of the absolute and the phenomenal” (li shi wu’ai 理事無礙) doctrine
Li Zehou 李澤厚
7
Liang Qichao 梁啓超
12, 18
Liang Shuming 梁漱溟
6, 22–23, 27–28
liangzhi 良知 (innate moral knowledge)
53–54, 186–191, 214–215, 217
wisdom
Lin, Chen-kuo (Lin Zhenguo 林鎮國)
6, 64, 69, 224
Lin Shirong 林世榮
7, 145n63, 146
Lin Zaiping 林宰平
24
lingming 靈明 (spiritual luminosity)
53–54
liangzhi 良知
Liu, Jeeloo
45, 149
Liu Jing’an 劉靜庵
14
Liu Shipei 劉師培
21, 146n65
Liu Yizheng 柳诒徵
27
liudong 流動 (flowing and moving)
35, 37–38
movement
lixue 理學 (School of Principle)
44, 47–51
Longshu 龍樹 (Nāgārjuna)
223
Lü Cheng 呂澂
23, 61, 69
Lu Jiuyuan 陸九渊
44, 51–52, 54, 187
Lü Zuqian 呂祖謙
15
luminous wisdom (mingzhi 明智)
188–189
wisdom
lunhui 輪迴 see transmigration (lunhui 輪迴; saṃsāra)
Luo Jialun 羅家倫
21
Ma Tianxiang 麻天祥
7
Ma Yifu 馬一浮
24, 174, 195n61, 196–197, 199, 214, 215, 220, 221
Madhyamaka Buddhism
37–39, 90, 92, 97–98, 167, 203, 221, 223, 224
differences between Madhyamaka and Yogācāra
97–98, 105, 121–122
names of
154n96
in Sengzhao’s thought
37–39, 89–90
Svātantrika tradition
98, 105
Three Treatise School
38–39, 89–90
two truths
37–38, 75, 89–90, 104–105, 109, 116, 119–122, 124, 203–204, 205, 218–219, 222
Mahāyāna Buddhism
40n34, 64, 78, 87, 92–93, 105
Dasheng qi xin lun 大乘起信論; Huayan school; Three Treatise School
traditions see Madhyamaka Buddhism; Yogācāra Buddhism
Makeham, John
6, 114n129, 180, 186n33, 203
on Dasheng qi xin lun
40–41
on eternalism and nihilism
87n54
on New Confucianism
1n4
on terms derived from Zhouyi
146
translation of Xiong’s work
5
on Xin weishi lun
25
on Xiong’s status
1, 224
on Xiong’s thought
72n5, 72n8, 80, 200n71, 202, 203, 209n96, 210n99, 215
on Yogācāra
68, 73n11, 78n21, 79n24, 84, 111, 154n96, 190
Maming 馬鳴 see Aśvaghoṣa (Maming 馬鳴)
manifest activity (xianxing 現行; adhyācarati)
109, 137, 167, 218–219
alternative name for “consciousness”
110–111, 127n9, 132
as Function
74, 75, 106–107, 111–116, 118–119, 121, 124, 127, 151, 165–166, 219, 222
meanings
110–111, 219
productive power and
110, 111–115, 121, 131–135, 157, 167, 219
manifest consciousness (xian shi 現識)
110–111, 127n9, 130–131, 133–135, 137
manifest activity; manifestly activated consciousness
manifest dharmas (xianfa 現法)
125–126, 127n9, 132–133, 135, 136, 140, 142, 144, 150–151, 157, 162, 167, 219, 220
manifest activity; manifest consciousness
manifestly activated consciousness (xianxing shi 現行識)
110–111
manifest activity; manifest consciousness
mātra (wei 唯), meaning of
179–180
May Fourth Movement (Wusi yundong 五四運動)
20–21, 227–228
Mei Guangdi 梅光迪
27
Mencius (Mengzi 孟子)
5n15, 53n76, 54n78, 187
Meng Wentong 蒙文通
24
Mengzi 孟子 see Mencius (Mengzi 孟子)
the mind (xin 心)
Dasheng qi xin lun 大乘起信論; Reality and Function
arising and ceasing aspect of the mind of sentient beings
40–42, 102–103, 184–185
Chen Baisha on
59–60
false mind (wangxin 妄心)
185
god-like
194–195
inherent mind
172n1, 173–174, 181n24, 185–191, 196n63, 214–215, 217, 220
innate moral knowledge
53–54, 186–191, 214–215, 217
luminosity of
103, 186, 189, 203, 226
Reality identified with
173, 174, 182–191, 214–215, 220, 225
suchness aspect of the mind of sentient beings
40–42, 103, 184–185
true mind (zhenxin 真心)
40, 183–185, 214
“two aspects of the one mind”
40–42, 49, 103, 119n142, 173–174, 184–185, 196, 204, 214, 216, 220
Mind, School of (xinxue 心學)
44, 51–54, 60, 173, 187, 214, 220, 221, 225
mingzhi 明智 (luminous wisdom)
188–189
wisdom
mo 末 (branches)
33n13, 35
Mou Zongsan 牟宗三
1–2, 6, 120
movement (dong 動)
15, 33n13, 35–38, 53, 149, 174, 194–201
quiescence/stillness
Mukden Incident
25–26
Muller, A. Charles
2n6, 31, 33n13
mysterious learning (xuanxue 玄學)
35, 38
Nāgārjuna (Longshu 龍樹)
223
Nanda (Nantuo 難陀)
81, 83, 86
Nanjō Bun’yū 南條文雄
73n9
Nantuo 難陀 see Nanda (Nantuo 難陀)
“national essence” (guocui 國粹)
21, 26–27
National Essence Journal see Guocui xuebao 國粹學報
National Heritage see Guogu 國故
nature
“three kinds of absence of nature”
57, 58, 97
“three natures”
57, 58, 81n32, 81n35, 95–97, 105–106, 121–122, 155n96, 161–162, 204–205
true nature (shixing 實性)
58, 99, 101, 104, 105–106, 107, 119–120, 121, 159, 161, 175, 182, 198, 199, 201, 209, 221
“nature origination” (xing qi 性起) theory
41
Nature school (xing zong 性宗)
154–155
Madhyamaka Buddhism
Neo-Confucianism
4–5, 14–15, 34, 44, 60, 194n59
Cheng-Zhu school
11
defined
5n15
Reality and Function in
34, 44–55, 70
School of Mind
44, 51–54, 60, 173, 187, 214, 220, 221, 225
School of Principle
44, 47–51
School of Vital Stuff
44–47
Xiong’s studies
14–15, 18, 24, 55, 59–60, 194–195
New Confucianism
1–2, 6–7, 24, 227–228
Liang Shuming 梁漱溟; Ma Yifu 馬一浮; Mou Zongsan 牟宗三; Tang Junyi 唐君毅; Xiong Shili 熊十力
New Culture Movement (Xin wenhua yundong 新文化運動)
20–21
New Treatise on the Uniqueness of Consciousness see Xin weishi lun 新唯 識論
Ng Yu-kwan
3, 6, 7, 77, 203
Wu Rujun 吳汝鈞
nihilism (duan jian 斷見)
87–88, 134n27
non-duality of Reality and Function (ti yong bu’er 體用不二) see Reality and Function
“nothing but consciousness” (weishi 唯識; vijñaptimatra)
77–78, 81, 83, 91–99, 152–154, 176, 179–182
“origin” (yuan 源)
171, 172n2, 175–181, 182, 189, 209
Ouyang Jingwu 歐陽竟無
23, 61–65, 67, 69, 70, 73n10, 75, 116–119, 122, 154–157, 165–166, 218–219, 221
Paramārtha (Zhendi 真諦)
39n31, 72n5
Peking University
21, 23–24, 27–28, 69, 72
“the phenomenal” (shi 事)
42, 48–49, 174, 203, 212–214, 216, 220
phenomenal world
2–3, 32, 34, 61, 88, 91, 100, 102, 103, 139–140, 154, 160–161, 164–165, 192, 206–207
dharmas; Function
in Buddhist discussions on Reality and Function
34–44, 62–69, 221–223, 226
consciousness as representation of
75–86, 99
in Neo-Confucianism
44–55, 149
undifferentiated Reality permeating
208–214, 216
Xiong’s reflections before 1920
55–61, 70
pi 闢 (expansion) see contraction (xi 翕) and expansion (pi 闢)
“Po ‘Po Xin weishi lun’” 破《破新唯識論》 (Refutation of the “Refutation of the New Treatise on the Uniqueness of Consciousness”)
172–173, 181n24, 201–202
principle (li 理)
47–52, 54, 60, 100
Principle, School of (lixue 理學)
44, 47–51
productive power (gongneng 功能; śakti)
74, 106–107, 116, 121, 124, 125, 127, 136, 150–151, 157, 167–168, 177, 178, 192, 209–210, 215–216, 218–220, 222
ālayavijñāna; seeds
constant transformation
138–144, 147, 148, 149–152, 154, 157, 158, 160–162, 164–165, 166, 168, 175, 182, 192, 202, 215–216, 219–220
and manifest activity
110, 111–115, 121, 131–135, 157, 167, 219
as Reality
74, 75, 107–116, 118–119, 121, 151, 160–162, 164, 166, 177, 182, 192, 202, 209–210, 215–216, 219–220, 222
Xiong’s critique of Yogācāra theories
131–136, 150, 219–220
qi 氣 (vital stuff)
44–47, 51, 147–149, 192–194, 223
qian 乾
15, 145, 147, 149
Qian Mu 錢穆
24
Qing dynasty
11–15
Qingbian 清辨 see Bhāviveka (Qingbian 清辨)
qixue 氣學 (School of Vital Stuff)
44–47
qu 屈 (compression) see compression (qu 屈) and extension (shen 申)
quiescence see quiescence/stillness (jing 靜)
quiescence/stillness (jing 靜)
15, 33n13, 36–38, 53, 139, 149, 174, 192, 194–196, 199, 200, 208
constancy; movement
Reality
benti 本體 (Fundamental Reality)
2, 45, 47, 53, 99n84, 162, 186
“entire process of ceaseless transformation” as
125–127, 149, 167, 220
identified with the mind
173, 174, 182–191, 214–215, 220, 225
productive power as
74, 75, 107–116, 118–119, 121, 151, 160–162, 164, 166, 177, 182, 192, 202, 209–210, 215–216, 219–220, 222
“quiescent or active” debate
61–69, 191–199, 216–217
shiti 實體 (true Reality)
99
simultaneous transformation and constancy
173–174, 191–199, 215, 220, 225
suchness as
40–42, 58, 62–69, 74–75, 98–107, 110, 116–117, 119–121, 124–126, 150–157, 158–160, 162, 165, 167, 168, 182, 192, 198, 201, 203, 206, 210–211, 215, 219, 221–222
ti 體 meanings
2, 30–34, 99
ti-yong polarity
undifferentiated Reality permeating the phenomenal world
208–214, 216
whether or not sentient beings share same Reality
173, 174–181, 182–183
Reality and Function
33–34
ti-yong polarity
Buddhist discussions
34–44, 61–69, 70, 120, 202– 204, 212– 214, 221–223
diagrams
74, 107, 126, 174, 220
disputes on, early twentieth century
61–69, 191–192, 216–217
“it is precisely Function that is Reality”
173, 199–205, 208, 215–216
“it is precisely Reality that is Function”
38
in Neo-Confucianism
34, 44–55, 70
non-duality
2–3, 4, 7, 10, 29, 33–34, 37–42, 44, 45–51, 57, 69–70, 75, 111–112, 114–115, 120, 121, 125, 127, 134–135, 136, 144, 150, 162–165, 167, 168, 174, 199–205, 215–216, 219–220, 222, 225
Ouyang Jingwu’s perspective
62–65, 75, 116–119, 122, 154–157, 165–166, 218–219
“revealing Reality through Function”
104–105, 120, 127, 152–157, 163–165, 167, 168, 173, 205–208, 215
Xiong on, before 1920
55–61
Xiong on, between 1920 and 1923 see ti-yong system (Xiong, 1920 to 1923)
Xiong on, between 1923 and 1927 see ti-yong system (Xiong, 1923 to 1927)
Xiong on, between 1927 and 1937 see Reality and Function, Xiong’s conception of (1927 to 1937)
Xiong’s understanding (summaries)
74–75, 119–122, 125–127, 157, 166–169, 173–174, 214–217, 218–228
Reality and Function, Xiong’s conception of (1927 to 1937)
172–174, 214–217, 220
Xin weishi lun 新唯識論 (New Treatise on the Uniqueness of Consciousness) (1932)
and “genuine Buddhism”
174, 191, 216–217
identification of mind with Reality
173, 174, 182–191, 214–215, 220
“it is precisely Function that is Reality”
173, 199–205, 208, 215–216
“revealing Reality through Function”
173, 205–208, 215
simultaneous transformation and constancy
173–174, 191–199, 215, 220
undifferentiated Reality permeating the phenomenal world
208–214, 216
whether or not sentient beings share same Reality
173, 174–181, 182–183
Record of What Has Been Respectfully Heard see Zun wen lu 尊聞錄
Refutation of the “Refutation of the New Treatise on the Uniqueness of Consciousness” see “Po ‘Po Xin weishi lun’” 破《破新唯識論》
The Renaissance see Xinchao 新潮 (The Renaissance)
“revealing Reality through Function” (ji yong xian ti 即用顯體)
104–105, 120, 127, 152–157, 163–165, 167, 168, 173, 205–208, 215
revolutionary movements in China
13–17, 22
Ri zhi hui 日知會 (Daily Understanding Society)
13–14
root and branches (ben-mo 本末)
33n13, 35
rope and snake metaphor
204–205, 206, 207
Rošker, Jana S.
1, 6, 144, 228n19
rulaizang 如來藏 see tathāgatagarbha (rulaizang 如來藏; store of the tathāgata)
śakti see productive power (gongneng 功能; śakti)
Śākyamuni (Shijia 釋迦)
223
saṃsāra see transmigration (lunhui 輪迴; saṃsāra)
saṃskṛta-dharma see conditioned dharmas (youwei fa 有爲法; saṃskṛta-dharma)
san wuxing 三無性 see “three kinds of absence of nature” (san wuxing 三無性)
san xing 三性 see “three natures” (san xing 三性; tri-svabhāva)
Sanlun zong 三論宗 see Three Treatise School (Sanlun zong 三論宗)
Śāntarakṣita (Jihu 寂護)
98
School of Mind (xinxue 心學)
44, 51–54, 60, 173, 187, 214, 220, 221, 225
School of Principle (lixue 理學)
44, 47–51
School of Vital Stuff (qixue 氣學)
44–47
vital stuff
sea and its bubbles analogy
178
seeds (zhongzi 種子; bīja)
63, 65, 66–67, 78n21, 82n40, 85, 89n57, 95n72, 107–119, 131–138, 140–141, 165–166, 167, 190
productive power
Seibun Fukaura 深浦正文
114
self-nature (zixing 自性; svabhāva)
18, 42, 58, 88–91, 92, 95, 97, 100, 104–105, 119–120, 127, 129, 149, 155, 160, 173–174, 184, 189, 198, 199–204, 207–208, 215, 223
Sengzhao 僧肇
35–39, 41, 89–90, 222
seven consciousnesses (first seven consciousnesses) see consciousness
shadow and object metaphor
114
shen 申 (extension) see compression (qu 屈) and extension (shen 申)
Shen Ji 沈績
33–34
sheng mie 生滅 see arising and ceasing (sheng mie 生滅)
shi 識 see consciousness (shi 識; vijñāna)
shi 事 (the phenomenal)
42, 48–49, 174, 203, 212–214, 216, 220
shi shi wu’ai 事事無礙 see “unobstructed interpenetration of each and every phenomenon” (shi shi wu’ai 事事無礙) doctrine
Shi Zhonglian 施忠連
7–8
Shijia 釋迦 (Śākyamuni)
223
Shimada Kenji 島田虔次
30–31, 33n13, 73n10
Shiqin 世親 see Vasubandhu (Shiqin 世親)
shiti 實體 (Reality)
99
Reality
shixing 實性 (true nature)
58, 99, 101, 104, 105–106, 107, 119–120, 121, 159, 161, 175, 182, 198, 199, 201, 209, 221
Si shu 四書 (The Four Books)
11
snake and rope metaphor
204–205, 206, 207
Society for the Preservation of National Learning (Guoxue baocun hui 國學保 存會)
21
spiritual luminosity (lingming 靈明)
53–54
innate moral knowledge
Sponberg, Alan
100, 105n103, 122n146
Sthiramati (Anhui 安慧)
73n11, 81, 83, 105
stillness see quiescence/stillness (jing 靜)
store consciousness see ālayavijñāna (eighth or store consciousness)
store of the tathāgata see tathāgatagarbha (rulaizang 如來藏; store of the tathāgata)
suchness (zhenru 真如; tathatā)
41, 43, 58, 93, 109, 190, 191, 193, 200, 204–205, 208, 218, 221–222, 225
Reality; tathāgatagarbha; unconditioned dharma
aspect of the mind of sentient beings
40–42, 103, 184–185
and consciousness
74, 98–107, 182, 225
meanings
40n34, 100
“quiescent or active” debate
62–69, 191–192, 215
as Reality
40–42, 58, 62–69, 74–75, 98–107, 110, 116–117, 119–121, 124–126, 150–157, 158–160, 162, 165, 167, 168, 182, 192, 198, 201, 203, 206, 210–211, 215, 219, 221–222
Sun Yat-sen (Sun Zhongshan 孫中山)
13, 15–16, 25
Sun Zhongshan 孫中山 see Sun Yat-sen (Sun Zhongshan 孫中山)
śūnyatā see emptiness (kong 空; śūnyatā)
svabhāva see self-nature (zixing 自性; svabhāva)
Svātantrika tradition within Madhyamaka
98, 105
Taixu 太虛
65–67, 69, 73n10
taixu 太虛 see great void (taixu 太虛)
Tan, Sor-hoon
3, 7, 227–228
Tang Junyi 唐君毅
1–2, 227
Tang Yongtong 湯用彤
24, 32–33, 35, 38, 170–171
tathāgatagarbha (rulaizang 如來藏; store of the tathāgata)
40, 41–43, 66, 102–103, 204
tathatā see suchness (zhenru 真如; tathatā)
“that which arises and ceases”
74, 118, 151, 203, 215
arising and ceasing; consciousness; Function
“that which has characteristics” (you 有)
35, 45–46, 148
“that which neither arises nor ceases”
18, 74, 101, 108, 118–119, 151, 198, 200–201
Reality; suchness
Thirty Verses see Triṃśikā (Weishi sanshi lun song 唯識三十論頌; Thirty Verses)
“three kinds of absence of nature” (san wuxing 三無性)
57, 58, 97
“three natures” (san xing 三性; tri-svabhāva
) 57, 58, 81n32, 81n35, 95–97, 105–106, 121–122, 155n96, 161–162, 204–205
Three Treatise School (Sanlun zong 三論宗)
38–39, 89–90
ti 體
Reality; ti-yong polarity
meanings
2, 30–34, 99
ti yong bu’er 體用不二 (non-duality of Reality and Function) see Reality and Function
Ti yong lun 體用論 (Treatise on Reality and Function)
3
ti-yong polarity
2–3, 6, 9, 29, 82–84, 99n84, 109, 154n94, 218, 221–222
Reality and Function
in Chinese philosophical history
30–34, 120
unsuitable for Indian Buddhism
120
ti-yong system, three-layered
116–119, 165–166
Ouyang Jingwu 歐陽竟無
ti-yong system (Xiong, 1920 to 1923)
71–122, 124, 166, 167–168, 218–219
Weishixue gailun 唯識學概論 (A General Account of Yogācāra Learning) (1923)
diagrams
74, 107, 220
level 1
75–107, 119–121, 167, 219
level 2
75, 107–116, 121, 167–168, 219
Ouyang Jingwu’s influence
75, 116–119, 122, 165–166, 218–219, 221
ti-yong system (Xiong, 1923 to 1927)
123–169, 219–220
in 1926 Weishixue gailun
125–126, 127–157, 166–169, 219
Weishixue gailun 唯識學概論 (A General Account of Yogācāra Learning) (1926)
in Weishi lun
126–127, 157–166, 168–169, 219–220
Weishi lun 唯識論 (Treatise on Yogācāra)
ti-yong system (Xiong, 1927 to 1937) see Reality and Function, Xiong’s conception of (1927 to 1937)
traditional culture see Chinese culture; Chinese philosophy; Confucianism
transformation (bianyi 變易; zhuanbian 轉變)
constant transformation
138–144, 147, 148, 149–152, 154, 157, 158, 160–162, 164–165, 166, 168, 175, 182, 192, 202, 215–216, 219–220
“entire process of ceaseless transformation”
125–127, 149, 167, 220
constant transformation
simultaneous transformation and constancy
173–174, 191–199, 215, 220, 225
Yogācāra concept
77, 81–83, 136–138, 149–150
transmigration (lunhui 輪迴; saṃsāra)
169–170, 172n2, 178–179
Treatise Demonstrating Nothing but Consciousness see Cheng weishi lun 成唯識論
Treatise Demonstrating Nothing but Consciousness, Commentary on see Cheng weishi lun shuji 成唯識論述記
Treatise on Awakening Mahāyāna Faith see Dasheng qi xin lun 大乘起信論
Treatise on Reality and Function see Ti yong lun 體用論
Treatise on Yogācāra see Weishi lun 唯識論
Triṃśikā (Weishi sanshi lun song 唯識三十論頌; Thirty Verses)
73, 77, 81, 99, 101, 139n39, 140
Vasubandhu (Shiqin 世親)
tri-svabhāva see “three natures” (san xing 三性; tri-svabhāva)
Trite Remarks see Yongyan 庸言 (Trite Remarks)
true mind (zhenxin 真心)
40, 183–185, 214
true nature (shixing 實性)
58, 99, 101, 104, 105–106, 107, 119–120, 121, 159, 161, 175, 182, 198, 199, 201, 209, 221
truth
93n67
conventional truth, defined
37n23
two truths
37–38, 75, 89–90, 91–93, 95–96, 98, 104–106, 109, 116, 119–122, 124, 167, 180n21, 181n24, 203–204, 205, 218–219, 222
ultimate truth, defined
37n23
zhenli 真理
93, 100, 224
zhenshi 真實
93n67, 150, 158, 206
“two aspects of the one mind” (yixin ermen 一心二門)
40–42, 49, 103, 119n142, 173–174, 184–185, 196, 204, 214, 216, 220
unconditioned dharma (wuwei fa 無爲法; asaṃskṛta-dharma)
64–65, 67, 93, 99–100, 101, 102, 104, 109, 110, 116–117, 119, 120, 192, 215, 222
suchness
“unobstructed interpenetration of each and every phenomenon” (shi shi wu’ai 事事無礙) doctrine
174, 212–214, 216, 220
“unobstructed interpenetration of the absolute and the phenomenal” (li shi wu’ai 理事無礙) doctrine
48–49, 174, 212–214, 216, 220
Vasubandhu (Shiqin 世親)
61, 71–72, 77, 84n45, 101–102, 121–122, 135
Triṃśikā
73, 77, 81, 99, 101, 139n39, 140
Dharmapāla-Xuanzang tradition
Vibhajyavādin (fenbielunzhe 分別論者)
64–65
vijñāna see consciousness (shi 識; vijñāna)
vijñaptimatra see “nothing but consciousness” (weishi 唯識; vijñaptimatra)
vital stuff (qi 氣)
44–47, 51, 147–149, 192–194, 223
Vital Stuff, School of (qixue 氣學)
44–47
Wang Bi 王弼
31–33, 35n17, 142n51
Wang Chuanshan 王船山 see Wang Fuzhi 王夫之
Wang Enyang 王恩洋
61, 67–68, 69
Wang Fuzhi 王夫之
14–15, 18, 19, 44, 46–47, 55–59, 70
Wang Han 王漢
13, 15
Wang, Robin R.
145, 149
Wang Ruhua 王汝華
7
Wang Yangming 王陽明
44, 52–54, 173, 176–177, 187–188, 214–215, 220
wangshi 妄識 (false consciousness)
183–185, 214
wangxin 妄心 (false mind)
185
water and ice metaphor
46
water and waves metaphor
202–203
wei 唯 (mātra), meaning of
179–180
weishi 唯識 see “nothing but consciousness” (weishi 唯識; vijñaptimatra)
Weishi lun 唯識論 (Treatise on Yogācāra)
3, 10, 25, 123, 125, 148, 169, 172, 173, 174–175, 179, 192, 196, 197, 199, 223
ontological Reality
125–127, 158–162, 168, 219–220, 222
period of composition
123, 157, 169–171, 181
Reality and Function
125–127, 158, 162–166, 168, 208, 216, 219–220, 222
relationship to Weishixue gailun (1926)
125–127, 157–158, 168, 170, 171, 192, 208, 215
sources and influences
223
ti-yong in, Xiong’s understanding of
126–127, 157–166, 168–169, 219–220
Weishi sanshi lun song 唯識三十論頌 see Triṃśikā (Weishi sanshi lun song 唯識三十論頌; Thirty Verses)
Weishixue gailun 唯識學概論 (A General Account of Yogācāra Learning) (1923)
3, 9–10, 71–122, 123–125, 129, 170, 175, 179, 208, 218–219
characteristics of consciousness
87–91, 95–97, 129
comparison with 1926 version
24–25, 123–124, 127n9, 128, 129, 132, 137, 151–154, 156–157, 160, 166, 167–168, 192, 208, 215, 219
consciousness as representation of the phenomenal world
75–86, 99
manifest activity
74–75, 106–107, 109, 110–116, 118–119, 121, 124, 127n9, 134–135, 151, 157, 167, 218–219
negation of the existence of consciousness
91–98, 119, 219
Ouyang Jingwu’s influence
75, 116–119, 122, 165–166, 218–219, 221
period of composition
71–72
productive power
74–75, 106–116, 118–119, 121, 124, 134–135, 151, 157, 167–168, 218–219
suchness
74–75, 93, 98–107, 109–110, 116, 117, 119–121, 124, 151, 152, 157, 160, 168, 182, 192, 215, 218–219
suchness and consciousness relationship
74, 98–107, 182, 225
ti-yong system, diagrams
74, 107, 220
Weishixue gailun 唯識學概論 (A General Account of Yogācāra Learning) (1926)
3, 10, 25, 123–157, 166–169, 175, 179, 219–220, 222
comparison with 1923 version
24–25, 123–124, 127n9, 128, 129, 132, 137, 151–154, 156–157, 160, 166, 167–168, 192, 208, 215, 219
ontological Reality and Function
150–157, 167–168, 171
period of composition
123–124, 171
relationship to Weishi lun
125–127, 157–158, 168, 170, 171, 192, 208, 215
suchness
125–126, 150–152, 154, 157–159, 167–168, 192, 215
ti-yong system, diagrams
126, 220
Xiong’s critique of Yogācāra concept of transformation
136–138, 149–150
Xiong’s critique of Yogācāra theories of consciousness and productive power
124, 125, 127–136, 150, 219
wisdom
215, 223
innate moral knowledge (liangzhi 良知)
transformation of consciousness into
106, 190
wisdom (zhi 智)/luminous wisdom (mingzhi 明智)
188–191, 217
wu 無 (absence of characteristics)
35, 45–47
Wu Mi 吴宓
27
Wu Rujun 吳汝鈞
77, 95–96, 97, 100, 105, 140n45
Ng Yu-kwan
Wu Yifeng 烏以風
197
Wusi yundong 五四運動 see May Fourth Movement (Wusi yundong 五四運動)
wuwei fa 無爲法 see unconditioned dharma (wuwei fa 無爲法; asaṃskṛta-dharma)
Wuxu bianfa 戊戌變法 see Hundred Days Reform (Bairi weixin 百日維新, or Wuxu bianfa 戊戌變法)
Wuzhuo 無著 see Asaṅga (Wuzhuo 無著)
xi 翕 (contraction) see contraction (xi 翕) and expansion (pi 闢)
xianfa 現法 see manifest dharmas (xianfa 現法)
xiang zong 相宗 (Characteristics school)
154–156
Yogācāra Buddhism
xianxing 現行 see manifest activity (xianxing 現行; adhyācarati)
xianxing shi 現行識 see manifestly activated consciousness (xianxing shi 現行識)
xin 心 see the mind (xin 心)
Xin shu 心書 (Book of Mind)
18–19
Xin weishi lun 新唯識論 (New Treatise on the Uniqueness of Consciousness) (1932)
3, 4, 10, 24, 25, 60, 123–124, 143n54, 143n55, 172–173, 180n24, 228
attitude to human life
227
English translation
5
identification of mind with Reality
182–191, 214, 217, 220
interpretation of weishi
179–181
period of composition
170–171, 181
productive power
177
relationship between Reality and Function
199–214, 215–216, 220
simultaneous transformation and constancy
191–199, 215, 220, 216–217
sources and influences
10, 24, 60, 173–174, 184–185, 187, 190, 192–194, 196–199, 202–204, 210n99, 212–217, 220–225
Xin weishi lun 新唯識論 (New Treatise on the Uniqueness of Consciousness) (1944)
2–3
Xin weishi lun 新唯識論 (New Treatise on the Uniqueness of Consciousness) (1953)
3
Xin wenhua yundong 新文化運動 (New Culture Movement)
20–21
Xinchao 新潮 (The Renaissance)
21–22
xing qi 性起 see “nature origination” (xing qi 性起) theory
xing zong 性宗 (Nature school)
154–155
Madhyamaka Buddhism
xinxue 心學 (School of Mind)
44, 51–54, 60, 173, 187, 214, 220, 221, 225
Xiong Qixiang 熊其相
11, 14
Xiong Shili 熊十力
1–4
attitude to human life
218, 227, 228
biographical information
10–28, 170
metaphysics see Xiong Shili 熊十力 metaphysics
opposed anti-Confucian tendencies
228
social, political and cultural concerns
13–22, 25–26, 226–228
status
1–2, 6, 224–225
studies in Neo-Confucianism
14–15, 18, 24, 55, 59–60, 194–195
studies in Yogācāra Buddhism
5, 22–25, 71–73
writings see Xiong Shili 熊十力 writings
Xiong Shili 熊十力 metaphysics
2–3
development of (summary)
3, 25, 28, 119–122, 166–169, 214–228
deviation from Yogācāra
24–25, 75, 121–122, 123–124, 174, 179–181, 191, 217, 222
philosophical background
29–70
prior to 1920
55–61
publications see Xiong Shili 熊十力 writings
sources and influences
4–5, 14–15, 17–20, 23–24, 26–28, 56–61, 69–73, 75, 77, 89–90, 102–105, 116–119, 122, 140–142, 144–149, 166–167, 173–174, 184–185, 187, 190, 192–194, 196–199, 202–204, 212–217, 218–225
studies of, by other scholars
6–8
syncretism
4, 8, 25, 98, 221–225, 227
understanding of Reality and Function (summaries)
74–75, 119–122, 125–127, 157, 166–169, 173–174, 214–217, 218–228
Reality and Function
unique nature of
221–225
Xiong Shili 熊十力 writings
3, 5, 17–20, 21–22, 24–26, 55–61, 71–73, 123–125, 169–173
individual titles: “Po ‘Po Xin weishi lun’” 破《破新唯識論》; Ti yong lun 體用論; Weishi lun 唯識論; Weishixue gailun 唯識學概論; Xin shu 心書; Xin weishi lun 新唯識論; Zun wen lu 尊聞錄
Xu Fuguan 徐復觀
1–2
Xu Yangnan 許揚男
172n1
xuanxue 玄學 (mysterious learning)
35, 38
Xuanzang 玄奘
43, 61, 71–73, 86n49, 95n72, 113, 134, 140, 154n96, 193, 226
Dharmapāla-Xuanzang tradition
Cheng weishi lun 成唯識論
73, 76n16, 76n17, 77, 79n25, 81n33, 83, 94–97, 123, 124, 136–137, 139n39, 140–141
Xueheng 学衡 (Critical Review)
27
Xunzi 荀子
30–31
yang 陽
15, 47, 142, 144–145, 147–149, 223
Yang Wenhui 楊文會
73n9
“Yi qian zao du” 易乾鑿度 (Chiseling Open the Regularity of Qian of the Apocrypha of Change)
192–194, 199, 215
Yijing 易經 see Zhouyi 周易/Yijing 易經 (The Book of Change)
yin 陰
15, 47, 142, 144–145, 147–149, 223
yixin ermen 一心二門 see “two aspects of the one mind” (yixin ermen 一心二門)
Yogācāra Buddhism
5, 9–10, 20, 24–25, 28, 43, 72–73, 120–121, 190–191
Dasheng qi xin lun 大乘起信論; Kuiji 窺基; Xuanzang 玄奘
Dharmapāla-Xuanzang tradition
72–73, 75, 83, 94, 112n123, 122, 123–124, 136, 174, 191, 216–217, 226
differences between Madhyamaka and Yogācāra
97–98, 105, 121–122
“genuine Buddhism” movement
5, 9, 29, 61–69, 70, 174, 191, 216–217
kinds of consciousness
59n88, 127, 129, 136, 175
names of
154n96
“nothing but consciousness” concept
77–78, 81, 83, 91–99, 152–154, 176, 179–182
“rope and snake” metaphor
204–205, 206, 207
“three natures” doctrine
57, 58, 81n32, 81n35, 95–97, 105–106, 121–122, 155n96, 161–162, 204–205
“transformation” concept
77, 81–83, 136–138, 149–150
Xiong’s critique of
124, 125, 127–138, 149–150, 156, 162, 165–166, 219–220
Xiong’s deviation from
24–25, 75, 121–122, 123–124, 174, 179–181, 191, 217, 222
Xiong’s studies in
5, 22–25, 71–73
yong 用
Function; ti-yong polarity
meanings
2, 30–34
Yongyan 庸言 (Trite Remarks)
17–18
you 有 (that which has characteristics)
35, 45–46, 148
you zong 有宗 see Existence school (you zong 有宗)
youwei fa 有爲法 see conditioned dharmas (youwei fa 有爲法; saṃskṛta-dharma)
Yu, Jiyuan
6, 221n1, 228
yuan 源 see “origin” (yuan 源)
Yuan Shikai 袁世凱
15–16, 25n75
Zhang Dainian 張岱年
30–31, 33, 141
Zhang Liming 張立民
169, 188
Zhang Taiyan 章太炎
19–20, 21, 58–59, 70, 210n99
Zhang Zai 張載
18, 44–46, 147–149, 167, 219, 223
Zhendi 真諦 see Paramārtha (Zhendi 真諦)
zhenli 真理
93n67, 100, 224
truth
zhenru 真如 see suchness (zhenru 真如; tathatā)
zhenshi 真實
93n67, 150, 158, 206
truth
zhenshi foxue 真實佛學 see “genuine Buddhism” (zhenshi foxue 真實佛學) movement
zhenxin 真心 (true mind)
40, 183–185, 214
zhi 智 (wisdom) see wisdom
Zhina neixue yuan 支那內學院 (China Institute of Inner Learning)
4, 9, 22–23, 24, 61n93, 62, 69, 71–72, 73n10, 116, 123, 173n3
Zhongguo tongmeng hui 中國同盟會 (Chinese Revolutionary Alliance)
13, 14, 15
zhongzi 種子 see seeds (zhongzi 種子; bīja)
Zhou Dunyi 周敦頤
18, 194
Zhouyi 周易 see Zhouyi 周易/Yijing 易經 (The Book of Change)
Zhouyi 周易/Yijing 易經 (The Book of Change)
5, 15, 18, 35n17, 48, 57n84, 141–149, 167, 192–193, 219, 221, 222–223
Zhu Bokun 朱伯崑
147, 148, 193
Zhu Xi 朱熹
11n18, 15, 44, 49–51, 100
zhuanbian 轉變 see transformation (bianyi 變易; zhuanbian 轉變)
zixing 自性 see self-nature (zixing 自性; svabhāva)
Zun wen lu 尊聞錄 (Record of What Has Been Respectfully Heard)
169–170, 172, 176, 177–179, 180n24, 188, 194–195, 196n63, 223–224