Figures
1 Zhang Sijiao, Portrait of Xinluo Shanren, dated 1767. Hanging scroll, ink and color on paper, 63.6 × 53 cm. Tianjin Museum. 3
2 Lan Ying, Red Friend, 16th–mid-17th c. Hanging scroll, ink and color on paper, 148.9 × 47.3 cm. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Ex Coll: C.C. Wang Family, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Earl Morse, In Honor of Douglas Dillon, 1979.26. 8
3 Hua Yan and Wei Shijie, Layered Peaks and Splashing Waterfall: Portrait of Hua Yan as a Young Man, 1705. Hanging scroll, ink and color on silk, 130 × 47.2 cm. Cleveland Museum of Art. Gift of Various Donors by Exchange, 2001.120. 22
4 Dai Jin, The Hermit Xu You Resting by a Stream, 1400s. Hanging scroll, ink and slight color on silk, 138 × 75 cm. Cleveland Museum of Art. John L. Severance Fund, 1974.45. 24
5 Hua Yan, Self Portrait, 1727. Hanging scroll, ink and color on paper, 130 × 51 cm. The Palace Museum, Beijing. 24
6 Hua Yan, Portrait of Wu Shicang, undated. Hanging scroll, ink and color on paper, 107 × 50.1 cm. The Palace Museum, Beijing. 34
7 Chen Hongshou, Self-Portrait, 1635. Hanging scroll, ink and color on silk, 202.1 × 97.8 cm. The Collection of National Palace Museum, Taipei. 35
8 Hua Yan, Landscapes, 1729. Leaf 8. Album of 16 leaves, ink and color on paper, 23.4 × 15.8 cm. Freer Gallery of Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C.: Purchase—Charles Lang Freer Endowment, F1955.20h. 41
9 Lan Ying, Landscapes After Song and Yuan Masters, 1642. Leaf L. Album of 12 leaves, ink and color on paper, 31.6 × 24.8 cm. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. The Sackler Fund, 1970.2-2L. 42
10 Hua Yan, Landscapes, 1729. Leaf 14. Album of 16 leaves, ink and color on paper. 23.4 × 15.8 cm. Freer Gallery of Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C.: Purchase—Charles Lang Freer Endowment, F1955.20n. 43
11 Hua Yan, Landscapes, 1729. Leaf 5. Album of 16 leaves, ink and color on paper. 23.4 × 15.8 cm. Freer Gallery of Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C.: Purchase—Charles Lang Freer Endowment, F1955.20e. 44
12 Hua Yan, Landscapes, 1729. Leaf 1. Album of 16 leaves, ink and color on paper. 23.4 × 15.8 cm. Freer Gallery of Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C.: Purchase—Charles Lang Freer Endowment, F1955.20a. 46
13 Hua Yan, Cloud Sea at Mount Tai, 1730. Hanging scroll, ink on paper, 179 × 67.9 cm. Princeton University Art Museum. Museum Purchase, The Arthur M. Sackler Collection, Y1969–75. 50
14 Hua Yan, Conversation in Autumn, 1732. Hanging scroll, ink and light color on paper, 115.3 × 39.7 cm (overall 281.5 × 71.7 cm). Cleveland Museum of Art. John L. Severance Fund, 1954.263. 55
15 Hua Yan, Giant Peng, ca. 1732–1738. Hanging scroll, ink and color on paper, 176.1 × 88.6 cm. Sumitomo Collection, Sen-Oku Hakuko-Kan, Kyoto. 59
16 Hua Yan, Giant Peng, ca. 1732–1738. Detail. Hanging scroll, ink and color on paper, 176.1 × 88.6 cm. Sumitomo Collection, Sen-Oku Hakuko-Kan, Kyoto. 60
17 Bada Shanren, Flying Fish, 1693. Album leaf, ink on paper, 24.4 × 23 cm. Shanghai Museum. 62
18 Hua Yan, Duck Bathing in an Expanse of Peaches, 1742. Hanging scroll, ink and color on paper, 271.5 × 137 cm. The Palace Museum, Beijing. 65
19 Hua Yan, Flower and Bird album, 1743. Leaf 1. Album of 8 leaves, ink and color on paper, 46.5 × 31.3 cm. The Palace Museum, Beijing. 71
20 Hua Yan, Flower and Bird album, 1743. Leaf 5. Album of 8 leaves, ink and color on paper, 46.5 × 31.3 cm. The Palace Museum, Beijing. 72
21 Hua Yan, Flower and Bird album, 1743. Leaf 6. Album of 8 leaves, ink and color on paper, 46.5 × 31.3 cm. The Palace Museum, Beijing. 74
22 Hua Yan, Flower and Bird album, ca. 1745. Leaf 1. Album of 8 leaves, ink and color on paper, 23.7 × 27.8 cm. The Palace Museum, Beijing. 76
23 Hua Yan, Flower and Bird album, ca. 1745. Leaf 2. Album of 8 leaves, ink and color on paper, 23.7 × 27.8 cm. The Palace Museum, Beijing. 77
24 Hua Yan, Red and White Herbaceous Peonies, 1731. Handscroll, ink and color on paper, 94 × 97.3 cm. National Art Museum of China, Beijing. 80
25 Yun Shouping, “Peonies,” in Album of Flowers and Landscapes, 1672. Leaf 2. Album of 12 leaves, ink and colors on paper, 28.5 × 43.0 cm. The Collection of National Palace Museum, Taipei. 83
26 Shitao, “Peonies,” in Album of Flowers and Portrait of Shitao, 1698. Leaf D. Album of 9 leaves, ink and color on paper, 25.6 × 34.5 cm. Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C.: Gift of Arthur M. Sackler, S1987.207.4. 85
27 Hua Yan, White Peony and Rocks, 1752. Hanging scroll, ink and color on paper, 127.6 × 57.2cm. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. John Stewart Kennedy Fund, 13.220.119. 87
28 Hua Yan, Flower and Bird Album, undated. Leaf 3. Album of 8 leaves, ink and color on paper, 20.5 × 27.5 cm. Shanghai Museum. 93
29 Hua Yan, Flower and Bird Album, undated. Leaf 8. Album of 8 leaves, ink and color on paper, 20.5 × 27.5 cm. Shanghai Museum. 94
30 Hua Yan, Flower and Bird Album, undated. Leaf 7. Album of 8 leaves, ink and color on paper, 20.5 × 27.5 cm. Shanghai Museum. 97
31 Li Shan, Flowers and Birds, 1731. Leaf E. Album leaf, ink and pale colors on paper. 28.6 × 38.8 cm. Princeton University Art Museum. Gift of John B. Elliott, Class of 1951, Y1976—L.42E. 102
32 Jin Nong, Plum Blossoms, 1757. Leaf D. Album of 12 leaves, ink on paper. 25.4 × 29.8 cm. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Edward Elliott Family Collection, Gift of Douglas Dillon, 1986.495d. 105
33 Hua Yan, “Thrush on a Bamboo Branch,” in Miscellaneous Album 1, undated. Leaf 4. Album of 12 leaves, ink and color on paper, 20.2 × 25.4 cm. The Collection of National Palace Museum, Taipei. 109
34 Hua Yan, “Mantis Stalking a Cicada,” in Miscellaneous Album 1, undated. Leaf 6. Album of 12 leaves, ink and color on paper, 20.2 × 25.4 cm. The Collection of National Palace Museum, Taipei. 109
35 Hua Yan, “Kingfisher Holding a Fish,” in Miscellaneous Album 1, undated. Leaf 5. Album of 12 leaves, ink and color on paper, 20.1 × 25.5 cm. The Collection of National Palace Museum, Taipei. 111
36 Hua Yan, “Plants and Insects,” in Miscellaneous Album 2, undated. Leaf 12. Album of 12 leaves, ink and color on paper, 20.2 × 25.3 cm. The Collection of National Palace Museum, Taipei. 111
37 Hua Yan, “Frogs Fighting,” in Miscellaneous Album 2, undated. Leaf 8. Album of 12 leaves, ink and color on paper, 20 × 25.4 cm. The Collection of National Palace Museum, Taipei. 113
38 Hua Yan, “Wildfire,” in Miscellaneous Album 1, undated. Leaf 2. Album of 12 leaves, ink and color on paper, 20.2 × 25.4 cm. The Collection of National Palace Museum, Taipei. 113
39 Hua Yan, “Bee and Tiger,” in Miscellaneous Album 2, undated. Leaf 4. Album of 12 leaves, ink and color on paper, 20.1 × 25.5 cm. The Collection of National Palace Museum, Taipei. 115
40 Hua Yan, “Squirrel on a Branch,” in Miscellaneous Album 1, undated. Leaf 10. Album of 12 leaves, ink and color on paper, 20 × 25.4cm. The Collection of National Palace Museum, Taipei. 115
41 Hua Yan, “Turtle,” in Miscellaneous Album 2, undated. Leaf 11. Album of 12 leaves, ink and color on paper, 20.2 × 25.4 cm. The Collection of National Palace Museum, Taipei. 116
42 Hua Yan, Miscellaneous Album, 1749. Leaf 3. Album of 12 leaves, ink and color on paper, 26 × 16.8 cm. The Palace Museum, Beijing. 117
43 Hua Yan, Miscellaneous Album, 1749. Leaf 10. Album of 12 leaves, ink and color on paper, 25.5 × 16.5 cm. The Palace Museum, Beijing. 118
44 Hua Yan, Miscellaneous Album, 1749. Leaf 7. Album of 12 leaves, ink and color on paper, 25.5 × 16.5 cm. The Palace Museum, Beijing. 120
45 Hua Yan, Miscellaneous Album, 1749. Leaf 12. Album of 12 leaves, ink and color on paper, 25.5 × 16.5 cm. The Palace Museum, Beijing. 122
46 Hua Yan, Miscellaneous Album, 1749. Leaf 6. Album of 10 leaves, ink and color on paper, 25.5 × 16.5 cm. The Palace Museum, Beijing. 123
47 Li Di, The Contentment and Delight of an Abundant Harvest, 12th–13th c. Album leaf, ink and color on silk, 24.2 × 24.2 cm. The Collection of National Palace Museum, Taipei. 125
48 Hua Yan, Birds and Insects from Life, 1750. Leaf 6. Album of 8 leaves, ink and color on paper, 36.0 × 26.7 cm. Shanghai Museum. 126
49 Hua Yan, Birds and Insects from Life, 1750. Leaf 4. Album of 8 leaves, ink and color on paper, 36.0 × 26.7 cm. Shanghai Museum. 127
50 Shitao, Vegetables, 17th–18th c. Album of 4 leaves, ink and color on paper, 28.0 × 21.5 cm. Hong Kong Museum of Art Collection. 129
51 Hua Yan, Birds and Insects from Life, 1750. Leaf 2, album of 8 leaves, ink and color on paper, 36.0 × 26.7 cm. Shanghai Museum. 130
52 Hua Yan, Banquet on a Spring Evening in the Garden of Peaches and Plums, 1748. Hanging scroll, ink and color on paper, 180.2 × 95.5 cm. Tianjin Museum. 137
53 Hua Yan, Golden Valley Garden, 1732. Hanging scroll, ink and color on paper, 178.9 × 94.1 cm. Shanghai Museum. 140
54 Hua Yan, Elegant Gathering, 1746. Hanging scroll, ink and color on paper, 180.7 x 94.8 cm. Shanghai Museum. 142
55 Chen Hongshou, Elegant Gathering in the Western Garden, 1725. Detail. Handscroll, ink and slight colors on paper, 41.6 × 431.5 cm. The Palace Museum, Beijing. 143
56 Hua Yan, Lady and Willow Tree, undated. Hanging scroll, ink and color on paper, 130.6 × 54.8 cm. Tianjin Museum. 146
57 Attributed to Tang Yin, Lady with a Fan in the Autumn Breeze, undated. Hanging scroll, ink on paper, 77.1 × 39.3 cm. Shanghai Museum. 147
58 Hua Yan, Children’s Games in Four Seasons, 1737. Leaf 6. Album of 12 leaves, ink and color on paper, 19.5 × 16.1 cm. Shanghai Museum. 150
59 Hua Yan, Children’s Games in Four Seasons, 1737. Leaf 4. Album of 12 leaves, ink and color on paper, 19.5 × 16.1 cm. Shanghai Museum. 151
60 Hua Yan, Snow on Mount Tian, 1755. Hanging scroll, ink and light color on paper, 159.1 × 52.8 cm. The Palace Museum, Beijing. 155
61 Hua Yan, Camel in Snow, 1746. Hanging scroll, ink and color on paper, 139.7 × 58.4 cm. The Palace Museum, Beijing. 157
62 Hua Yan, “Bodhidharma” in Miscellaneous Album 2, undated. Leaf 1. Album of 12 leaves, ink and color on paper, 20 × 25.4 cm. The Collection of National Palace Museum, Taipei. 158
63 Hua Yan, Sounds of Autumn, 1755. Hanging scroll, ink and color on paper, 94.0 × 113.5 cm. Osaka City Museum of Fine Arts. 160
64 Luo Ping, Portrait of Mr. Dongxin (Jin Nong), undated. Hanging scroll, ink and color on paper, 113.7 × 59.3 cm. Zhejiang Provincial Museum, Hangzhou. 168
65 Luo Ping, Portrait of Mr. Ding Jingshen (Ding Jing), undated. Hanging scroll, ink and color on paper, 108.1 × 60.7 cm. Zhejiang Provincial Museum, Hangzhou. 169
66 Luo Ping, Portrait of Yuan Mei. Hanging scroll, ink and color on paper, 158.5 × 66.7 cm. Kyoto National Museum, Kyoto. AK790. 170
67 Ren Xiong (1823–1857), Self Portrait. Hanging scroll, ink and color on paper, 177.4 × 78.5 cm. The Palace Museum, Beijing. 171
68 Luo Ping, Portrait of the Poets Wang Shizhen and Zhu Yizun, 1773. Hanging scroll, ink on paper, 167.5 × 56.6 cm. © Trustees of The British Museum, London. 172
69 Luo Ping, Poetic Concepts, inspired by the poems of Jiang Kui, 1774. Leaf 10. Album of 11 leaves, ink and color on paper, 24.1 × 30.5 cm. Freer Gallery of Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C.: Purchase—Charles Lang Freer Endowment, F1964.5j 173
70 Luo Ping, Drinking in the Bamboo Garden, dated 1773. Hanging scroll, ink and color on paper, 80 × 54.6 cm. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. John Stewart Kennedy Fund, 1913.220.34 175
71 Wang Su, Bringing the Message of Victory to Tung-shan, dated 1862. Hanging scroll, ink and color on paper, 143.5 × 80.6 cm. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Gift of Robert Hatfield Ellsworth, In Memory of La Ferne Hatfield Ellsworth, 1986.267.26. 178
72 Wang Su, Children Engaged in the Games of the Four Seasons, not dated. Leaf L. Album of 20 leaves, ink and color on paper, 21.5 × 16 cm. Dr. S. Y. Yip Collection, Hong Kong. 179
73 Wang Su, Children Engaged in the Games of the Four Seasons, not dated. Leaf 9. Album of 20 leaves, ink and color on paper, 21.5 × 16 cm. Dr. S. Y. Yip Collection, Hong Kong. 179
74 Li Yu, Landscapes, Birds, and Insects, 1901. Leaf G. Album of twelve leaves, ink and color on paper, 14.7 × 21.7 cm. The Richard Fabian Collection. 180
75 Li Yu, Landscapes, Birds, and Insects, 1901. Leaf I. Album of twelve leaves, ink and color on paper, 14.7 × 21.7 cm. The Richard Fabian Collection. 181
76 Ren Bonian, Figures in a Landscape, 1881. Scroll 1 in set of 4 hanging scrolls, ink and color on paper, 149 × 39.7 cm. Richard Fabian Collection. 183
77 Ni Tian, Garden of the Golden Valley, 1888. Hanging scroll, ink and color on paper, 179.3 × 93.4 cm. Shanghai Museum. 184
78 Yu Li, Studying on an Autumn Night, late 19th–early 20th century. Hanging scroll, ink and color on paper, 145.2 × 78.2 cm. The Richard Fabian Collection. 186
79 Wang Li, Peonies and Birds, 1877. Hanging scroll, ink and color on paper, 127.8 × 63.7 cm. Shanghai Museum. 187
80 Zhu Cheng, Album of Birds and Flowers, 19th century. Leaf 5. Album leaf, ink and color on paper, 24.3 × 40.3 cm. The Collection of National Palace Museum, Taipei. 188
81 Xugu, “White Cat Looking for Prey,” in Miscellaneous Album, 1895. Leaf 7. Album of 10 leaves, ink and color on paper, 34.7 × 40.6 cm. Shanghai Museum. 189
82 Wang Li, Cat, undated. Hanging scroll, ink and color on paper, 120.3 × 39.7 cm. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Gift of Robert Hatfield Ellsworth, In Memory of La Ferne Hatfield Ellsworth, 1986.267.61. 190
83 Xugu, “Squirrel Looking for Food,” in Miscellaneous Album, 1895. Leaf 8. Album of 10 leaves, ink and color on paper, 34.7 × 40.6 cm. Shanghai Museum. 191
84 Pan Tianshou, Red Lotus, 1963. Hanging scroll, ink and color on paper. 125 × 65.5 cm. Pan Tianshou Memorial Museum, Hangzhou. 196