Acronyms
| AHM |
Arquivo Histórico de Moçambique |
| AHU |
Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino |
| AMETRAMO |
Associação dos Médicos Tradicionais de Moçambique |
| ANTT |
Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo |
| CNE |
Comissão Nacional de Eleições |
| COREMO |
Comité Revolucionário de Moçambique |
| DGS |
Direcção-Geral de Segurança (formerly PIDE) |
| EMS |
Dr. Eduardo Mondlane Stichting (Amsterdam) |
| Frelimo |
Frente de Libertação de Moçambique |
| GPA |
General Peace Agreement (between Frelimo and Renamo in 1992) |
| IESE |
Instituto de Estudos Sociais e Económicos |
| MDM |
Movimento Democrático de Moçambique |
| MFA |
Movimento das Forças Armadas |
| MZN |
New Mozambican metical (MZN 100 = ± USD 2.90 = ± ZAR 21 in 2010) |
| OMM |
Organização da Mulher Moçambicana |
| ONUMOZ |
United Nations Operation in Mozambique |
| PIDE |
Polícia Internacional e de Defesa do Estado (later DGS) |
| Renamo |
Resistência Nacional Moçambicana |
| SCCI |
Serviços de Centralização e Coordenação de Informações |
| STAE |
Secretariado Técnico da Administração Eleitoral |
Abbreviations
| Bw |
Barwe language |
| Pt |
Portuguese language |
| Sh |
Shona language |
| art. |
article(s) |
| bk. |
book |
| c. |
circa |
| ch. |
chapter(s) |
| FNs |
field notes |
| opp. |
opposite |
| pers. comm. |
personal communication |
| resp. |
respectively |
| sg. |
singular |
| | |
descent line |
| ⌊⌋ |
marriage |
| ⌊/⌋ |
divorce |
| ⌈⌉ |
siblinghood |
| =:=:= |
unclear relationship |
| = |
indicates (1) the identity of a person with different names, e.g. Kanga = Nyaupare; |
| (2) the usual mathematical identity. | |
| ~ |
indicates variants of different ways of pronouncing and/or writing the same name or other word (e.g. Hanga ~ Kanga), with quotation marks omitted; the difference between English/Shona and Portuguese spelling conventions (e.g. Samanyanga ~ Samanhanga) will usually not be indicated. Chipapata ~ Xipapata is pronounced ‘Shipapata’. In the present book a name like ‘Chivembe’ will be written (mostly, not always) in the Portuguese way with ‘Ch-’. Consistency in spelling names has not always been attempted; one reason is that changing spelling makes it more difficult to recognize names in the existing literature. |
Names
People in Barue have a personal name (Pt: nome), but names of their (patrilineal) ancestors, usually the father and a more distant ancestor, may be added to it, giving a full name (Pt: nome completo). I will often abbreviate full names, using initials mostly without periods, especially when referring to interview material, e.g. ‘SAC’). If the name of some more distant ancestor is repeatedly inherited, this name may yield the effect of a family name. In childhood, an individual may have a specific ‘child name’, replaced by another name when reaching adulthood. Nicknames are also frequently used, as are war names (Pt: nomes de guerra) provoked by situations of war and resistance struggles. People may also adopt the name of their father or another family member as their own for reference in daily life.
Geographical spots are often named after a person, which means they may change over time, but it also happens that existing geographical names are incorporated into a person’s name. A single person many have rather different names, at times complicating historical identifications. Moreover, the same name may appear in different variations here indicated with the ‘~’ symbol. Prefixes such as ‘Mu-’, ‘Nya-’ and ‘Sa-’ may or may not be used in a name, so that Satangwena ~ Tangwena. Finally, the name of a chief is sometimes identical with the name of an area a chief rules, so ‘Tangwena’ may
In general (with exceptions), I have been reluctant to include individuals’ full names, given the sensitivity of many of the situations involved. That said, in my personal data no pseudonyms have been used for people or places.
Names like ‘Da Cruz’, etc., are usually classified under ‘Da’. Not all Portuguese names of organizations have been translated; it is taken for granted that expressions like ‘União Democrática’, etc., are easily understood to mean ‘Democratic Union’ in English, for example.
It is evident from historical sources that the royal dynastic title ‘Makombe’ is applicable to more than one person. Nowadays in Barue District, however, it is apparent that ‘Makombe’ is used as a name for a single person (‘Makombe, also known as Kabudu Kagoro, the one who fought against the Portuguese’), while I will argue below that two different historical persons are often conflated into one in the local oral tradition.