Abbreviations
Languages
| CR | Classical Ryukyuan |
| EMC | Early Middle Chinese |
| EOJ | Eastern Old Japanese |
| LHC | Late Han Chinese |
| LMC | Late Middle Chinese |
| MdJ | Modern Japanese |
| MJ | Middle Japanese |
| MK | Middle Korean |
| OC | Old Chinese |
| OJ | Old Japanese |
| OK | Old Korean |
| OR | Old Ryukyuan |
| OT | Old Turkic |
| PAN | proto-Austronesian |
| PJ | proto-Japonic |
| PK | proto-Korean |
| PM | proto-Mongolic |
| PR | proto-Ryukyuan |
| PT | proto-Turkic |
| PTu | proto-Tungusic |
| WM | Written Mongolian |
| WOJ | Western Old Japanese |
Texts and Sources
Japonic
| BS | Bussoku seki no uta, 753 AD |
| GGJEG | Gangōji engi, 747 AD |
| GSWKS | Goshūi wakashū, 1087 AD |
| FK | Fudoki kayō, ca. 737 AD |
| JDB | Jidai betsu kokugo dai jiten (Omodaka 1967) |
| KGU | Kagura uta, 8–9th centuries |
| KJK | Kojiki, 712 AD |
| KK | Kojiki kayō, 712 AD |
| MYS | Man’yōshū, ca. 759 AD |
| NK | Nihonshoki kayō, 720 AD |
| NR | Nihon ryōiki, early 9th century |
| NS1 | Nihonshoki, 720 AD |
| NSK2 | Nihonshoki, 720 AD |
| NT | Norito, 7–9th centuries |
| OM | Ochikubo monogatari, 10th century |
| OS | Omoro sōshi, 16–17th centuries |
| RK | Ryūka, 17–19th centuries |
| RKJ | Okinawa go jiten |
| SM | Senmyō, 7–8th centuries |
| SNK | Shoku nihongi kayō |
| SSI | Shōsōin documents, 7–8th centuries |
| TN | Tosa nikki, 935 CE |
| TS | Jōgū Shōtoku höō teisetsu, 7th century |
Korean
| KKK | Kumkang kyeng samka hay, 1482 AD |
| HK | Hyangka, 6–10th centuries |
| Nung | Nungem kyeng enhay, 1461 AD |
| PT | Pak thongsa, 1515 AD |
| SP | Sekpo sangcel, 1449 AD |
| YP | Yongpi ethyenka, 1447 AD |
| WS | Welin sekpo, 1459 AD |
Grammar and Literary Terms
| ADJ | Adjectivizer |
| ADV | Adverbilizer |
| AFFIR | Affirmative |
| ASSER | Assertive |
| ATTR | Attributive |
| BEN | Benefactive |
| CAUS | Causative |
| CL | Classifier |
| COM | Comitative |
| COMP | Comparative |
| CON | Conjunctive gerund |
| CONC | Concessive gerund |
| COND | Conditional gerund |
| CONJ | Conjunction |
| CONJC | Conjectural |
| CONT | Continuative |
| CONV | Converb |
| COOP | Cooperative |
| COOR | Coordinative gerund |
| COP | Copula |
| DAT | Dative |
| DEB | Debitive |
| DES | Desiderative |
| DIR | Directive |
| DLF | Directive-locative focus |
| DP | Desiderative particle |
| DV | Defective verb |
| EMPH | Emphatic |
| EP | Emphatic particle |
| EV | Evidential |
| EXCL | Exclamation, Exclamative |
| FIN | Final verbal form |
| FP | Focus particle |
| GEN | Genitive |
| HON | Honorific |
| HORT | Hortative |
| HUM | Humble |
| IF | Interrogative form |
| IP | Interrogative particle |
| INF | Infinitive |
| INT | Intensive |
| INTL | Intentional |
| INTER | Interjection |
| LOC | Locative |
| MDL | Modulator |
| MK | Makura-kotoba (Pillow word) |
| MOD | Modality |
| NEG | Negative |
| NML | Nominalizer |
| NOM | Nominative |
| OSM | Oblique stem marker |
| PAST | Past tense |
| PEJ | Pejorative |
| PERF | Perfective |
| POL | Polite |
| POSS | Possessive |
| POT | Potential |
| PREF | Prefix |
| PRES | Present tense |
| PRET | Preterite |
| PREV | Preverb |
| PROG | Progressive |
| PT | Particle |
| RA | Reported action |
| REC | Reciprocal-cooperative |
| RETR | Retrospective |
| RP | Restrictive particle |
| SUB | Subordinative gerund |
| SUBJ | Subjunctive |
| SUF | Suffix |
| SUP | Suppositional |
| TENT | Tentative |
| TERM | Terminative |
| TF | Transitivity flipper |
| TOP | Topic |
| TRANSF | Transferential gerund |
| VOL | Voluntative |