Index
Note: The index differentiates between Swedish, Norwegian and Swedish-Norwegian. For instance: there are entries for Swedish shipping, Norwegian shipping and Swedish-Norwegian shipping.
There is also a preference for the older geographical names, as used in the period the book describes.
Page numbers ending on a ‘t’ refer to tables.
A. Markwald & Co
165
Aall, Cato Nicolai Benjamin
133
,
159
Aall, Thomas Jacob
54
Abad, José Ramón
217
Achenbach, Julius
76 –77
Aenmeij, Marinus Adrianus
135
Africa
colonization of
Sweden-Norway’s involvement in
14
,
34
,
54
. see also
Berlin Conference
consular services in
Consular Committee (1875) report on
51
,
65 –66
of Sweden
201 –209
of Sweden-Norway
54 –67 111 –139
Swedish-Norwegian shipping to
Alexandria
120
,
121
Algiers
128
Cape Town
131
São Tomé
113
Tangier
125
Tunis
128
trade of
with Norway
114
,
129
with Sweden
113 –114 201 –202 202t
,
203
,
205 –206 208
with Sweden-Norway
55
,
130
African Trading Company (atc)
135
,
136
‘Age of Empire,’ definition of
1
Age of Empire (Hobsbawm)
25 –26
Agnew, John Vans
79
Agnew, Patrick Vans
79
Aitken, Robert
118
Åkerberg, Carl Gustaf
131
Åkerhielm, Gustaf
101
,
105
Åkerman, Henrik
62
,
63
,
186 –187
Akyab
80
,
169
A.L. Johnston & Co
70
Aldler-Nissen, Rebecca
15
Alexander iii, Tsar of Russia
101
Alexandria
Swedish consulate in
move to Cairo
203 –204
reestablishment of
204 –205
Swedish-Norwegian consulate in
in general
54 –55
appointment of staff of
120 –122
budget of
119 –120
and Mixed Courts
61 –62 99
,
120
,
122 –123
political interests in
119 –120
proposed closure of
51
reoccupation of
61 –62
salaries of staff of
59 –60
Swedish-Norwegian shipping to
120
,
121
Algeria.
see
Algiers
Algiers
Swedish consulate in
203
Swedish trade with
203
Swedish-Norwegian consulate in
in general
54 –55
consuls at
126
minimum maintainment of
51
Swedish-Norwegian shipping to
128
Almquist, Johan Axel
6
Alston, Scott & Co.
81
Ancien Régime
25
Andreasen, Georg Adolf
130
Anker, Peder Bernt
159 –160
Annesley, G.F.N. Beresford
57
Ansei Five-Power Treaties
148
Antigua
Swedish consular services in
218
Swedish-Norwegian consular services in
97
,
183
appointment.
see
recruitment
Arbuthnot, William Wedderburn
79
Arbuthnot & Co.
79
,
168
Arbuthnot family
79
,
168
Armfelt, Magnus
54
,
61
Arnold (stipend holder)
150 –151
Arnoldson, Carl August
175
Arnoldson, Oscar
217
Åselius, Gunnar
11
,
19
,
33
Asia
consular services in
Consular Committee (1875) report on
52
,
72
,
73
,
75
,
77
of Sweden
209 –216
of Sweden-Norway
68 –85 140 –173
Norwegian shipping to
in general
140
Singapore
163t
Swedish shipping to
163t
Swedish-Norwegian shipping to
Bangkok
82 –83
Bombay
77
Dutch East Indies
173
Japan
149 –150 150t
Singapore
71
Victoria
74
trade of
with Europe
68
with Norway
140
with Sweden-Norway
72 –73 139 –140 149 –151
Association internationale du Congo (International Association of the Congo)
110
atc (African Trading Company)
135
,
136
atrocities
116 –117
Aubeck, Peter
179 –181
Austin, Harold Bruce Gardiner
182
Austin, John Gardiner
181 –182
Austria.
see
Vienna
Bagge, Carl Richard Esaias
209
,
212
Bahamas
181
Bähr, Gustaf Ferdinand
91
Baltic Sea
101
Bang, Christian Olai
118 –119
Bang, Johannes
58
,
119
Bangkok
Swedish consulate in
213
Swedish-Norwegian consulate in
appointment of staff of
81 –83 164
insignificance of
164 –165
Swedish-Norwegian shipping to
82 –83
Barbados
181 –182
Barbary States
51
,
55
. see also
Algiers
;
Tunis
Barckhausen, Carl Albert
80 –81 169
Barckhausen, Diedrich
80
Baring Brothers & Co
84
,
85
Barker, Henry
121 –122
Barker, Theo
8
Barrington, William
134
Batavia (Jakarta)
83 –84 171 –173
Bayly, Christopher
23 –24
Belgian Congo.
see
Congo Free State
Belgium, colonial rule of Congo Free State
2
,
34
,
115 –116 205
Bellevue, Paul Langellier-
187
Bergström, David
11
Bergström, Per Axel
37
,
45
,
46
Berlin Conference (1884–1885; Congo Conference)
General Act of
1 –2 110
Sweden-Norway’s participation in
66
,
67
,
188 –189
Swedish views on
34 –35
Bermuda
Swedish consular services in
218
Swedish-Norwegian consular services in
92 –93 182
Swedish-Norwegian shipping to
93
,
183
Bernhoft, Herman Severin
45
,
47
,
54
,
180
Berry, Robert
138
Bertram, J.R.
170
Beyer, Ludvig
72
Bickel, Wilhelm Friedrich
167
bilateral treaties on trade
of Sweden-Norway
in general
66
with China
68 –69
with Tunisia
128 –129
Bildt, Carl
34
Bildt, Daniel Johan Gillis
34
,
67
,
110
,
166
,
167
,
208
Bildt, Didrik Anders Gillis
166
Bildt, Harald
211
Bildt, Knut Gillis
166
Bismarck, Otto van
41 –42 100 –101
Björnstjerna, Kristian Carl Magnus Gustaf
on Algiers consulate/consuls
65
on Bombay consulate/consuls
78
and Consular Committee
44
,
48
on Consular Regulation
53
diplomatic career of
12
on Haiti consulate/consuls
88 –89
on Port of Spain consulate/consuls
94
on San Juan consulate/consuls
91 –92
Björnstjerna, Oscar
41
Bock, Carl Alfred
142
,
143 –147 161
,
190
,
209
Bödtker, Berndt Anker
59
,
61
,
165
Bois, Frederick William
81
,
168 –169
Bois, Percy
168 –169
Bois, Stanley
169
Bois Bros. and Co., Ltd.
169
Bombay (Mumbai)
Swedish consulate in
214
Swedish-Norwegian consulate in
appointment of staff of
76 –79 166 –167
donations from
77
Swedish-Norwegian shipping to
77
Borchgrevink, Carsten
175
Borchgrevink, Johan Bernt
122 –123 175
Borde, Gustave
186
Borde, Paul
186
Boström, Erik Gustaf
155 –156 192
Brandenburg, J.
78
Brautaset, Camilla
15
Brazzaville
115
,
206
,
207
Bridgetown (Barbados)
181 –182
British Cape Colony.
see
Cape Town
British East India Company
68
British Foreign Office
21
British foreign policy
28
British shipping
26
,
27t
,
133
Brockmann, Christian
165
Broström, Dan
194
,
216
Brusewitz, Lennart
212
Buchanan, Hector Cross
81
budgets
of Swedish consular services
in Africa
203
In Asia
211
,
213
in West Indies
217
of Swedish-Norwegian consular services
in general
43 –44 52
in Africa
63 –64 65
,
119 –120 124 –125 130
,
131
overview
233
in Asia
142 –143 153t
,
156t
,
159
,
164
in Europe
107
in West Indies
86
,
174
,
179
,
181 –182 183
,
185
Bügel, Christian
180 –181
Bülow, Bernhard Ernst von
41
Burenstam, Carl
110
Burma (Myanmar)
Swedish consular services
215
Swedish-Norwegian consular services
80 –81 169 –170
Burman, Frederik
135
Burnett, Henry
135
Buschmann, Rudolf (Peter)
74
,
75
,
160
business partners
in consular services
in general
222
Bois Bros. and Co., Ltd.
169
Russell & Co.
69 –70 74
,
82
,
84
,
141
,
142
,
160
Schellhass & Co.
75
,
142
,
160
Volkart Brothers
76
,
78
,
167 –168 214
. see also
family dynasties
Büsing, Eduard
83
Cairo
203 –204
Calcutta
Swedish consulate in
214
Swedish-Norwegian consulate in
75
,
166 –167
Canton (Guangzhou)
69
,
72
Cape Town
Swedish consulate in
208
Swedish-Norwegian consulate in
55
,
131 –132
Swedish-Norwegian shipping to
131
Caribbean.
see
West Indies
Carl of Denmark, Prince
191
Carrol, Charles Andrew
137
Carrol, William
137
Cassel, Pär
19
Cassel, Victor Elias
64
,
124 –125
Cedercrantz, Conrad
123
cemeteries, Christian
203
Ceylon (Sri Lanka)
Swedish consular services in
214 –215
Swedish-Norwegian consular services in
81
,
168 –169
chambers of commerce
198
Champs, Charles de
211 –212
Charles xiii, King of Sweden and Norway
30
Charles xiv John, King of Sweden and Norway
30
,
41
Charles xv, King of Sweden and Norway
11
,
32
,
40
,
41
,
53
Charlotte Amalie (Saint Thomas)
92
,
179
,
180 –181
Chennai (Madras).
see
Madras
China
bilateral treaties on trade with
68 –69
consular services in
cooperation between
210
Gude Report on
152 –154
of Sweden
209
,
211
of Sweden-Norway
69 –70 72
see also
Shanghai
Swedish business endeavours in
18 –19
Christiansen, Christian
45
,
48
Christiernsson, August
140
,
141
Christophersen, Wilhelm Christopher
111 –112
Clark, David Oakes
82
Coën, David
88 –89 96
,
176
Coën Léon, Abraham
176
Colombo
Swedish consulate in
214 –215
Swedish-Norwegian consulate in
81
,
168 –169
colonialism.
see
imperialism/colonialism
Compagnie française des Indes orientales
68
Coney, Francis Edwin
171
Congo Free State
atrocities perpetrated in
116 –117
Belgian colonial rule of
2
,
34
,
115 –116 205
consular services in
to missionaries
206 –207
of Sweden
202
,
206 –207
of Sweden-Norway
114 –117
establishment of
110
research on
13
Scandinavian population of
114
Swedish trade with
205 –206
views on Belgian rule of
of Sweden
205
of Sweden-Norway
14
,
67
,
115 –117
Constantinople (Istanbul)
106 –107
Consular Archive (Konsulatarkivet)
5 –6
consular aspirants, stipends for
108 –109 198
Consular Committee (1875)
in general
37
appointment of
43
,
45
composition of
45 –48
information gathering by
48 –49
report of
in general
49
on African consulates
51
,
65 –66
on Asian consulates
52
,
72
,
73
,
75
,
77
and improving of existing conditions
49 –50
and laws and regulations
50 –51
on West Indian consulates
51 –52 86
consular judges
165
,
203
,
205
,
210
,
217
consular jurisdiction, law on
54
Consular Regulation (1858; Sweden-Norway)
36
Consular Regulation (1886; Sweden-Norway)
103 –110
adoption of
103
changes to proposal
103 –104
committee for drafting of.
see
Consular Committee (1875)
Consular Regulation (1906; Sweden)
200 –201
consular regulations, of European countries
44
consular reports
8
,
90
,
135
,
176 –178 199
consular services
research on
7 –9
of Sweden.
see
Swedish consular services
of Sweden-Norway.
see
Swedish-Norwegian consular services
of Western countries
cooperation between
210
growing significance of
22
reforms of
44 –45
consuls
and foreign policy
5
research on
9 –12
Convention of Moss
30
Conyers, James Adam
182
Copenhagen
107
Cronholm, Folke
211 –213
Cuba
Swedish consular services in
217
Swedish-Norwegian consular services in
85 –87 173 –174
Cuffe, Thomas Withey
167
Cunningham, Edward
69
Curacao
96 –97 187
Cuthbertson, John Reid
72
,
161
Dahl, Emil
203
Dakar
Swedish consulate in
208 –209
Swedish trade with
208
Daluin, Ernest
62
,
63
Danielsson, Daniel
162
,
218
Danish shipping
145
Dannfelt, Carl Juhlin
12
Darrel, Josiah Taylor
93
,
182
Davey, Th.
136
De Goey, Ferry
5
,
8
,
9
,
11
,
22
De Vaux, Jospeh Emile
185
Degenau, Frédéric
72
Dejung, Christof
2
Denmark
consulates of
143 –144
imperialism/colonialism of
2
,
16
neutrality of
32
,
101
relationships of, with Sweden-Norway
32
,
41
shipping of
145
see also
Copenhagen
Diagne, Blaise
209
Dickmann, B.A.
80
Diplomatic and Consular Committee (1905 års diplomat-och konsulatkommitté)
in general
19
,
20 –21 219
composition of
194
dissent within
200
report of
criticism of
200
implementation of
200 –201
on nationality
197
on needs of shipping companies
196
on official statistics
196
on ranks within consular services
199
on recruitment of staff
195
on relationship missions and consulates
197 –198
on rules for establishing consular/diplomatic services
198 –199
on salaries
196 –197
on stipends
198
diplomatic missions.
see
Swedish diplomatic services
;
Swedish-Norwegian diplomatic services
Ditten, Thor von
191 –192
Dixmude, Jules Alphonse Jacques
116
Dominican Republic
history of
88
Swedish consular services in
217
Swedish-Norwegian consular services in
88 –89 176
Donald Campbell Mackey
75
Douglas, Ludvig
on Asian consulates
151
on Batavia consulate/consuls
171
on Japanese trade
150
policymaking of
102
on Shanghai consulate/consuls
145 –146
on Tangier consulate/consuls
125 –127
on Tunisian consulates
128
,
129
Due, Frederik Knut
128 –129 186
Dumoulin, Eucher Louis Paul
95 –96 185
Dutch East Indies (Indonesia)
Swedish consular services in
215
Swedish-Norwegian consular services in
83 –84 172 –173
Swedish-Norwegian shipping to
173
East Asia.
see
Asia
East India Company (eic)
68
Eckell, Harald August Waldemar
12
economic imperialism
28
,
43
Egidius, Fredrik
96
Egypt
consular services in
of Sweden
201
,
202
,
203 –204
of Sweden-Norway.
see
Alexandria
Mixed Courts in
60
,
61
,
120
,
122
,
205
reforms to legal system in
60
Ehrenborg, Harald
71 –72 164
Ehrensvärd (the elder), Albert
on Alexandria consulate/consuls
121
on Bridgerown consulate/consuls
182
on Cape Town consulate/consuls
132
on Charlotte Amalie consulate/consul
179
on colonial politics
34
on Manila consulate/consuls
170
on Shanghai consulate/consuls
142
on Tamatave consulate/consuls
118
mention of
42
Ehrensvärd (the younger), Albert
204
,
206
Ekman, Jacob Emil
37
,
45
,
47
Emanuelson, Kjell
17
,
50
embassies.
see
Swedish diplomatic services
;
Swedish-Norwegian diplomatic services
Engström, Diedrich
68 –69
Enhörning, Emil
146
Erik, Allan
215
Estill, Frederick Charles
139
Europe
political instability in
100 –101
relationships of, with Japan
148 –149
Swedish-Norwegian consular services in
107
trade of, with Asia
68
Evans, Richard
23
Export of Sweden: A Compendium Showing the Principal Branches of Export and Industry (Hörnell)
105
Exportrådet (Swedish Trade Council)
38 –39
extraterritorial powers/extraterritoriality
in general
30
,
34
in Asia
154
,
157
,
221
of consuls
60 –61 157
Fahlbeck, Pontus
192
Fallenius, Carl Martin Laurentius
12
,
194
Falsen, Conrad
12
Falsen, Henrik
12
family dynasties
in consular services
in general
222
Arbuthnot family
79
,
168
Barckhausen family
81 –82
Bois family
168 –169
Carrol family
137
Forbes family
74
,
141
Pickenpack family
82
,
164
Read family
70 –71 72
Schöner family
93 –94 183 –184
Tulin family
65 –66 130
Tweedy family
88
,
175 –176
see also
business partners
Far East.
see
Asia
Fernandez, Joaquin
179
,
218
Finland
16
Fischerström, Commander
94 –95
Fleetwood, Carl Georgsson
14
,
33 –34 67
Forbes, Francis Blackwell
69
Forbes, John Murray
74
Forbes, Paul S.
69
Forbes family
74
,
141
foreign minister, role in consular affairs of
104
see also under specific foreign ministers
Forst, Herman
215
Fort-de-France (Martinique)
186
France
66 –67 128 –129
Francke, Edward Jasper
174
Francke, James (born Jonas) Robert
87 –88 174
Fraser, Alexander
218
Fraser, Edward Cleather
139
fraud.
see
misconduct
Frederick iii, German Emperor
42
free trade, imperialism as
28 –29
Freetown
135 –136
French Congo
207
French Indochina
215 –216
French West Africa
208 –209
French-Moroccan Agreement (1863)
62
Gad, Ulrik
15
Gadelius (stipent holder)
150 –151
Gadelius, Knut
212
Gadelius & Co.
212
Gallagher, John
26 –27
Gamborg, Emil Johannes
174
Gammelien, Stefan
33
Gebrüder Volkart (Volkart Brothers)
76
,
78
,
167 –168 214
German Empire
41 –42 44 –45 54
,
67
,
101
,
191
Gihl, Torsten
17 –18
Gladston & Wyllie
170
global competition
23 –25
globalization
25 –26
Goës, Sigurd Theodor von
147
Goey, Ferry de
5
,
8
,
9
,
11
,
22
Gordon, George
170
Graves, John Hicks
57
,
117
Great Britain
24
,
28
,
44
,
100
Great Northern Telegraph Company (Det Store Nordiske Telegraf-Selskab A/S).
143
,
145
Grip, Johan
106
Griswold, Charles
84 –85
Guadeloupe
shipping to
185
Swedish-Norwegian consular services in
95 –96 185 –186
Gude, Ove
151 –156
Gude Report
152 –156 153t
Gumpert, Augustus Charles
77
,
78
Gundersen, Hans Jörgen
158
Gustaf v, King of Sweden
191
Gutschmid, Felix Freiherr von
148
Gyldenstolpe, August
158
,
203
,
208 –209
Haakon vii, King of Norway
191
Haas, Joseph von
141
,
142
,
143
Hagberg, Carl Filip Alexander
146
,
147 –148 157
Hagelin, Karl William
12
Haggard, John George
117 –118
Haggart, Edmund Archibald
217 –218
Haiti
history of
88
Swedish consulate in
217
Swedish-Norwegian consular services
88
,
175 –176
Hamilton (Bermuda)
93
handbooks
105 –106
Harrison, Robert Monroe
89
Havana
Swedish consulate in
217
Swedish-Norwegian consulate in
85 –87 173 –174
Swedish-Norwegian shipping to
86
Hay, John Drummond
62
Hearne, John
88
Heiberg, Axel
70
Heidenstam, Oscar Gustaf von
61
,
119 –120
Hens, Jean Philippe
170 –171
Hernandez, A.C.
175
Heron, Fredrick Griswold-
84 –85
Hicks, Edwin Theodore
215
High Porte (Ottoman government)
61
Hildebrand, Bengt
47
Hispaniola.
see
Port-au-Prince
;
San Domingo
Hitchens, Richard
89 –91
Hitchens, Richard James Cade
89
Hoard, Charles Alexandre de Villers
91 –92
Hobsbawn, Eric
1
,
25 –26 28
Hochschild, Carl Fredrik
on African West coast consulates
111 –112
on Alexandria consulate/consuls
59 –60 62
,
120
on Bangkok consulate/consuls
83
becoming foreign minister
42
on Havana consulate/consuls
86
on Lourenco-Marques consulate/consuls
58
on particpation in Berlin Conference
67
on Saint John’s consulate/consuls
97
on Shanghai consulate/consuls
141
,
142
on Tamatave consulate/consuls
57
on Tangier consulate/consuls
64
on Victoria consulate/consuls
74
Hoffer, O. von
167
Holst, Axel
218
Hong Kong
72 –75 160 –161
Hörnell, Reinhold
105
Huitfeldt, Hans Emil
158 –159
Hultman, Johan Erik Evald
209 –210 211
Huttenbach Brothers & Co
161
Ibsen, Sigurd
108
Iceland
16
Idenburg, Alexander
173
imperialism/colonialism
of Denmark
2
economic
28
,
43
as free trade
28 –29
goals of
27 –28
of Great Britain
28
informal
4 –5 18 –19 28
,
188
,
221
legal
30
,
60
,
97 –98 119
,
203
New
1 –2 8
,
51
,
216
,
221
of Sweden.
see
Swedish foreign policy
of Sweden-Norway.
see
Swedish-Norwegian foreign policy
India
Bildt’s Report on
166
consular services in
high staff turnover in
214
of Sweden
214 –215
of Sweden-Norway
75 –80 166 –168
Indonesia.
see
Dutch East Indies (Indonesia)
informal imperialism
4 –5 18 –19 28
,
188
,
221
International Association of the Congo (Association internationale du Congo)
110
Irgens, Johannes
108
Ismail Pasha
60
Istanbul (Constantinople).
see
Constantinople
Italy.
see
Rome
s’Jacob, Willem
171 –172
Jakarta (Batavia).
see
Batavia
Jamaica
consular services in
of Sweden
217 –218
of Sweden Norway
89 –91 176 –178
Norwegian shipping to
177
,
177t
James, Robert Harley
218
Jamestown (St. Helena)
55
,
136 –138
Janni, Guiseppe (Joseph)
78 –79 167
Japan
consular services in
of Sweden
211
of Sweden-Norway
157 –159
Gude Report on
152 –154
relationships of, with Europe
148 –149
Swedish-Norwegian envoy to
151 –152
Swedish-Norwegian trade with
149 –151
Japp, James
185
,
186
,
189 –190
Jardine, David
69
Jardine Matheson Holdings Limited
69
Jensen, Rudolf
68
Johannesburg
founding of
132
Swedish consulate in
208
Swedish-Norwegian consulate in
133 –134
Johansson, Anders Daniel
144
Johnson, Joseph Vilhelm
107 –108 120 –121
Johnson, Otis
181
Johnsonska donationsfonden
107 –109
Johnsson, John E.
208
Jørgensen, Jens Peter
180
Jörgensen Richter, Ole
79
,
93
judicial skills, of consuls
157
Juhlin-Dannfelt, Carl
110
Juhlin-Dannfelt, Matts
110
Karlstad Conference (1905)
191 –192
Kayaoğlu, Turan
30
Keitel, Georg
176
Kenny, William Walker
214
Kierulf, William Duntzfeldt
84
King, Daniel
214
Kingston
Swedish consulate in
217 –218
Swedish-Norwegian consulate in
89 –91 176 –178
Kinshasa (Leopoldville).
see
Leopoldville
Kissinger, Henry
23
Kjær, Hans
73 –74
Kjellberg, August
212
Kjerland, Kirsten Alsaker
14 –15 56
,
175
Klinteberg, Svante af
70 –71
Knight, George
85 –86
Kobe
Swedish consulate in
211
Swedish-Norwegian consulate in
157 –158 159
Köersner, Vilhelm
105
Kommerskollegium. see Swedish Board of Trade
Kommerskollegium och Riksens Ständers Manufakturkontor samt kon-– 1910: administrativa och biografiska anteckningar (Almquist)
6
Konsulatarkivet (Consular Archive)
5–6
Krebs, Henrik
92
Kup, Bernardus Hendrikus
119
Lagerheim, Alfred
on Brazzaville consulate/consuls
115
career of
46 –47
on colonial policies
35
and Consular Committee
37
,
45
and Diplomatic and Consular Committee
194
,
219
on judicial skills of consuls
157
on Kingston consulate/consuls
178
on merger of consulates Point à Pitre and Fort-de-France
187
on Mixed Courts
123
on nationality in consular appointments
158
on Port of Spain consulate/consuls
184 –185
on salaries of consuls
196
on Shanghai consulate/consuls
147
on Singapore consulate/consuls
163
mention of
141
Lagerheim, Elias
141
Lagerheim, Oscar
141 –142
Lagerheim Committee.
see
see Diplomatic and Consular Committee (1905)
Landberg, Carlo
121
Landberg, Johan Henrik
172
Lane, Rufus Allen
84 –85
Larsson, Jan
7
,
18 –19
Latimer, William Henry
178 –179
Lawless, William Joseph
94 –95 186
lawyers, and Mixed Courts
61
,
221
Leeward Islands
97
. see also
Antigua
Lefroy, John Henry
93
legal committee, for law on consular jurisdiction
54
legal imperialism
30
,
60
,
97 –98 119
,
203
,
220
legal skils, of consuls
157
Leira, Halvard
7 –8
Leopold ii, King of the Belgians
2
,
14
,
110
Leopoldville (Kinshasa)
115
,
206
Lewenhaupt, Carl
106 –107 161
,
167
,
170
Leyba, León Vidal
96
,
187
Leyden, Casimir von
102
Liberia
55
,
59
,
135
Liljevalch, Carl Fredrik
68 –69
Lindblom, Frans
133
Lindman, Arvid
20t
Lithman, Karl Vilhelm
131 –132
Logan, Ernest
214
Lourenco-Marques (Maputo)
56
,
58
,
119
Lundeberg, Christian
192 –193
Lundqvist, Pia
13
Lyon, Carl
97
Mackenzie, Alexander
79 –80 168
Mackwood, Frank Mitchell
214 –215
Madagascar
Swedish consular services in
202
Swedish-Norwegian consular services in
56 –58 117 –119
Madras (Chennai)
Swedish consulate in
214
Swedish-Norwegian consulate in
79 –80 168
Magnusson, Lars
28
Malaysia.
see
see Straits Settlements (Malaysia)
Manderström, Ludvig
43 –44 65
Manila
Swedish consulate in
215
Swedish-Norwegian consulate in
84 –85 170 –171
Manyon, John Ailwyn
170
,
215
Maputo (Lourenco-Marques).
see
Lourenco-Marques
Mariátegui, Juan José
85 –86
Marstrand, Nicolai Wilhelm
92
Marstrand, Otto Jakob
92
,
95
,
179
Martinique
eruption of Mont Pelée on
186
shipping to
94 –95
Swedish-Norwegian consular services in
94 –95 185 –186
Mauritius
136 –139
Maxwell, Hamilton
78
Meagher, Henry
187
Meili, C.T.
78
Melchertson, Frederick
97
,
183
Melissen, Jan
8 –9
Mello Breyner, Francisco de
119
Mendelssohn, Robert von
165
Mercado, Charles Ernest de
178
,
217
merchant shipping (international)
growth of
25 –26
in tonnage
27t
see also
Norwegian shipping
;
Swedish shipping
; Swedish-
Norwegian shipping
Messrs. George Gordon and Co
215
Michelsen, Christian
190
Michelsen, Jacob Andreas
45
,
47 –48
Millward, Robert
26
Minck, Otto
203
Minto, William
75
misconduct
of Swedish consuls
211 –212
of Swedish-Norwegian consuls
90 –91 126
,
135 –136
mismanagement.
see
misconduct
Mission Covenant Church of Sweden (mccs; Svenska Missionsförbundet)
144
,
206 –207
missionary activities/missionaries
56
,
144
,
145
,
206 –207
Mixed Courts (Egypt)
60 –61 99
,
120
,
122 –123 205
,
221
modern imperialism.
see
New Imperialism
Mohr, Alfred Edgar
165
Monrovia
55
,
59
,
135
Mont Pelée
186
Et mord i Kongo (‘A Murder in Congo’; Strøksnes)
115
Morocco
Swedish consular services in
202
Swedish trade with
202
Swedish-Norwegian consular services in.
see
Tangier
Swedish-Norwegian view on
62 –63
Most Favoured Nation status
30
,
63
,
66
,
67
,
128 –129 149 –150
Mountcastle, Percy
161
Mozambique
56
,
58
,
119
Mpoko (Société anonyme des Établissements Congolais Gratry)
115
Müller (ship captain)
161
Müller, Friedrich
169
Müller, Leos
10
Müller, Wilhelm Theodor
82
,
164
murder investigations
144
Musson, James William
92 –93 182
Myanmar (Burma).
see
Burma
Nagasaki
159
Nansen, Fridtjof
190
Nassau (Bahamas)
181
nationality
and consular appointments
104
,
117 –119 158
,
163
of Swedish consuls/consular staff
197
naval power
and global competition
24 –25
in tonnage
29t
Nenninger, John
85 –86
Netherlands
colonialism/imperialism of
2
consular services of
44
neutrality of
2
Neumann, Iver
7 –8 15
neutrality
of Denmark
32
,
101
of Netherlands
2
of Sweden
4
,
10
,
16
,
39
,
193
of Sweden-Norway
39
,
41
,
100
New Imperialism
1 –2 8
,
51
,
216
,
221
Nicolas ii, Tsar of Russia
191
Nilsson, David
14
Nissen, Pedro
90
nms (Norwegian Missionary Society)
56
,
57
Nordisk Defence Club (Nordisk Skibsrederforening)
159
Nordström, Johan Adolf
65
,
126 –127
Det Norske Misjonsselskap (Norwegian Missionary Society; nms)
56
,
57
Norway
constitution of
31
criticism on consular services by
31
,
37
,
43
,
105
,
106 –107
independence of
16
,
190
and Scandinavianism
32 –33
suppression of colonial memory in
14 –15
Swedishization of
32
trade of
with Africa
114
,
129
with Asia
140
Norwegian Committee of Constitutional Affairs
108
Norwegian Department of the Interior (DfI)
on Alexandria consulate/consuls
119
,
120
,
121
on Asian consulates
77
,
166
on Cape Town consular/consuls
131
,
132
on Congo Free State consulate/consuls
115
on Gude Report
154 –155
on Haiti consulate/consuls
88
on Hamilton consulate/consuls
93
on Havana consulate/consuls
86
on judicial skills of consuls
157
on Pointe à Pitre consulate/consuls
95
on Port of Spain consulate/consuls
184
on Shanghai consulate/consuls
143
,
146
on Singapore consulate/consuls
162
on Tamatave consulate/consuls
118
on Tangier consulate/consuls
64
,
124
,
125
,
126
on Victoria consulate/consuls
73
on Willemstad consulate/consuls
96 –97
Norwegian Department of Trade and Industry
157 –158 172 –173 177
,
187
Norwegian Missionary Society (Det Norske Misjonsselskap, nms)
56
,
57
,
118
Norwegian shipping
to Asia
in general
140
Singapore
163t
and consular services
7 –8
importance of
26
,
31
in tonnage
27t
to West Indies
Bermuda
183
Jamaica
177
,
177t
see also
Swedish shipping
;
Swedish-Norwegian shipping
Nubar Pasha
60
Nunes, Ralph
89
Nyssens, Georges
171
Nyström, Per
7
Öberg, Claes
123
office allowances.
see
budgets
Ohlsson, Anders
131 –132 133
Okano-Heijmans, Maaike
9 –11
Orfield, Lester
61
O’Rourke, Kevin
25 –26
Oscar i, King of Sweden and Norway
32
,
52 –53 68
Oscar ii, King of Sweden and Norway
and Berlin Conference
34
,
187
and Consular Committee
42
,
45
and lawyer for Mixed Courts commission
122
and Madras consulate/consuls
79
pro-German strategy of
40 –42
and trade with African colonies
54
mention of
179
Östberg, Claes Gustaf Belinfante
122
Osterhammel, Jürgen
25
Ostindisk Kompagni
68
Ottesen, Peter Martin Ragnar
156 –157 159
Ottoman Empire
61
,
106 –107
Pakenham, Thomas Conolly
56
,
57
Pålsson, Ale
13
Panjdeh Incident (1885)
100
Pardo, Eliesar “Lazar”
176
Penang
161
Peters, H.C.
84
Peyron, Claes
58
Philippines
Swedish consular services in
215
Swedish-Norwegian consular services in
84 –85 170 –171
Pickenpack, Paul
82
,
164
Pickenpack, Vincent
82
,
164
Plunkett, Francis
102
Pointe à Pitre (Guadaloupe)
95 –96 185 –186
political prestige, as reason for expansion of consular services
98
,
188
Port Louis (Mauritius)
55
,
136 –139
Port of Spain (Trinidad)
Swedish consulate in
218
Swedish-Norwegian consulate in
93 –94 183 –184
Port-au-Prince
Swedish consulate in
217
Swedish-Norwegian consulate in
88
,
175 –176
Portugal
2
Pot, Joannes Jacobus van der
14
Prest, Charles William
214
protectionism
31
,
33
Puerto Rico
history of
178
Swedish consular services in
218
Swedish-Norwegian consular services in
91 –92 178 –179
Qvam, Ole Anton
154 –155
Ramm, Axel
109 –110
Ramstedt, Johan
192
Rangoon
Swedish consulate in
215
Swedish-Norwegian consulate in
80 –81 169 –170
Read, Robert Barclay
70
,
72
Read, William Henry Macleod
70 –71
recruitment
of consuls/consular staff
among business partners.
see
business partners
among family relatives.
see
family dynasties
among foreign merchants
75
,
98 –99 105
,
168 –171 175
,
221
and diplomatic assignments
104
and nationality
87 –88 104
,
117 –119 158
,
163
qualification based
18
,
157
,
219
reputation based
75
,
76
,
99
,
105
,
109
,
130
,
139
,
162
,
188
,
197
,
222
in Sweden
20
,
194
,
195
,
219
in Sweden-Norway
20
,
35 –37
reforms/reorganizations
of BoT
52 –53
of Egypt’s legal system.
see
Mixed Courts
of Swedish consular services.
see
see Diplomatic and Consular Committee (1905)
of Swedish-Norwegian consular services
in Asia
160
,
172 –173
see also
Consular Committee (1875)
of Western consular services
44 –45
Reinhold, Heinrich Carl
75
Reinsurance Treaty
101
reorganization.
see
reforms/reorganizations
reports.
see
Consular Committee (1875)
;
consular reports
; Diplomatic and Consular Committee (1905);
Gude Report
research
7 –19
Richardson, William Gumbes
218
Richmann, Thure
118
Riebe, J.H.
77
Riksarkivet (Swedish National Archive)
5 –6
Riksdag
40
,
106
,
130
,
190 –191 208
Ritz, Alfred
75
Robinson, Ronald
26 –27
Rome
107
Rosen, Fredrik von
194
,
200
Rosenlund, Carl Gustaf Hjalmar
130
,
203
,
208
Röst, Didrik Gustaf
216
Ruckert, George Henri
80
,
169
Runblom, Harald
19
Russell & Co.
69 –70 74
,
82
,
84
,
141
,
142
,
160
Russell & Sturgis
84
,
85
Russia
24
,
100 –101 191
Russo-Japanese War
159
Saigon (Ho Chi Minh City)
215 –216
Saint Barthélemy
3
,
13 –14
Saint George (Bermuda)
Swedish consulate in
218
Swedish-Norwegian consulate in
92
,
182
Saint Helena
55
,
136 –138
Saint John’s (Antigua)
Swedish consulate in
218
Swedish-Norwegian consulate in
97
,
183
Saint Thomas
Swedish consular services in
218
Swedish-Norwegian consular services in
92
,
179 –181
Swedish-Norwegian shipping to
180
Saint-Pierre (Martinique)
destruction of
186
Swedish-Norwegian consulate in
94 –95 186
salaries
of Swedish consuls/consular staff
in general
196 –197
in Asia
211
in South Africa
208
of Swedish-Norwegian consuls/consular staff
in Africa
59 –60
in Asia
142
,
143
,
145 –146 147
,
153t
,
159
discrepancies in
106
see also
budgets
Salomon & Co.
137 –138
San Domingo
Swedish consulate in
217
Swedish-Norwegian consulate in
88 –89 176
San Juan
91 –92 178 –179
São Tomé
suitability for consulate
112 –113
Swedish-Norwegian shipping to
113
Scandinavianism
30
,
32 –33 102
Schellhass & Co.
75
,
142
,
160
Schiøtz, Gullbrand
115 –117 206
Schöner, August
94
Schöner, Christian
183 –184
Schöner, Justus
183
Schöner, Ludwig
93 –94 183
Schöner, Wilhelm
184
Schönmeyr, Alfred Carl
90
Schroeder, Paul W.
23
Scott, Binney
81
Second Boer War
134
security policies
11
Seip, Friedrich
160
Senegal
Swedish consular services in
201
,
208 –209
Swedish trade with
208
Sergent, Jules
209
Shanghai
Swedish consulate in
appointment of staff of
209
salaries of staff of
211
Swedish-Norwegian consulate in
appointment of staff of
141 –142 143
,
146
,
157 –159
budget of
142 –143
district of
148
,
151
establishment of
69
salaries of staff of
142
,
143
,
145 –146 147
work of consuls of
144 –145
shipping companies
and consular services
196
see also
Norwegian shipping
;
Swedish shipping
; Swedish-
Norwegian shipping
Shlala, Elizabeth
60
Siam (Thailand)
Swedish consular services in
213
Swedish-Norwegian consular services
81 –83 164 –165
Swedish-Norwegian shipping to
82 –83
Sierra Leone
135 –136 201
Silfverhjelm, Carl
204 –205
Singapore
as distribution centre
71
Swedish consulate in
213
Swedish-Norwegian consulate in
appointment of staff of
70
,
72
,
161 –163
budget of
164
district of
161
establishment of
70
importance of
71 –72
work of consuls of
70 –71
Swedish-Norwegian shipping to
71
,
163t
Sjögren, Carl
206
Skarin, Reinhold
54
Skybak, Ole
159
Smith, Charles Vincent
74
Söderberg, Olof A.
194
Solomon, Saul
137 –138
Songbu
144
sources
5 –6
Soutar, Simon
91
,
176 –178
South Africa
colonies in
132
consular services in
of Sweden
202
,
208
of Sweden-Norway
55
,
131 –134
South African Republic (Transvaal).
see
Johannesburg
Southern Asia.
see
Asia
Sri Lanka (Ceylon).
see
Ceylon
Staaff, Karl
20
,
192 –193
Stanley, Henry Morton
110
Steen, Johannes
101
,
102
Steenbock, Albert
111 –112
Stein, Hamilton
138 –139
Stein, Robert
138
Stevenson, Walter Ferguson
171
,
215
Stevenson, Walter George
215
stipends, for consular aspirants
108 –109 198
Det Store Nordiske Telegraf-Selskab A/ S (Great Northern Telegraph Company).
143
,
145
Stortinget
30
,
40
,
108
,
130
,
190
Straits Settlements (Malaysia)
161
. see also
Singapore
Stråth, Bo
7
Strauch, Maximilien
110
,
208
Strøksnes, Morten
115
Sturgis, Henry Parkman
84
Sublime Porte (Ottoman government)
61
Suermondt, Henri
171
Suermondt, Willem Willemzoon
83 –84 171
Suhrke, Ernst Bernhard
134
,
208
Sundelin, Herman
65
Surabaya
173
Svenska Missionsförbundet (mccs; Mission Covenant Church of Sweden)
144
,
206–207
Svensson, Knut
116
Sveriges Allmänna Exportförening
38
“Sveriges historia” (Nyström)
7
Sweden
and aftermath of dissolution
192
colonial memory in, suppression of
14
decline in status of
33
economic development of
18
foreign policy of.
see
Swedish foreign policy
Foreign Service of
200 –201 213
. see also
see Diplomatic and Consular Committee (1905)
industrialization of
31
kings of
40 –41
Ministry for Foreign Affairs.
see
Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs
neutrality of
4
,
10
,
16
,
39
,
193
and Scandinavianism
32 –33
security policies of
11
shipping of.
see
Swedish shipping
trade of
with Africa
113 –114 201 –202 202t
,
203
,
205 –206 208
with Asia
68
,
139 –140
views of
on Belgian rule of Congo Free State
205
on Berlin Conference
34 –35
on dissolution of Sweden-Norway
190 –191
Sweden-Norway, United Kingdoms of
and Berlin Conference.
see
Berlin Conference
bilateral treaties on trade
in general
66 –67
with China
68 –69
Consular Regulations of.
see under specific Consular Regulations
foreign policy of.
see
Swedish-Norwegian foreign policy
and Most Favoured Nation status
30
,
66
,
67
,
128 –129 149 –150
neutrality of
39
,
100
relationships of
with Belgium
110 –111
with Congo Free State
14
,
67
with Denmark
32
,
41
with France
66 –67 128 –129
with German Empire
41 –42 54
,
67
internal
101 –102 129
,
130
,
131
,
146 –147 162 –163
with Japan
148 –149
with Tunisia
128 –129
security policies of
11
shipping of.
see
Swedish-Norwegian shipping
trade of
with Africa
55
,
130
with Asia
72 –73 149 –151
with West Indies
173 –174
union of.
see
Union of Sweden and Norway
views of
on Belgian rule of Congo Free State
14
,
67
,
115 –117
on Morocco
62 –63
Swedish Board of Trade (Kommerskollegium, BoT)
abolishment of
52 –53
on Alexandria consulate/consuls
120
,
121
on Asian consulates
166
on Cairo consulate/consuls
204
on Cape Town consular/consuls
131
on Charlotte Amalie consulate/consuls
179
on Colombo consulate/consuls
81
on Congo Free State consulate/consuls
115
criticism on
52
decline in role of
36
on Dutch East India consulates
173
on Gude Report
154
on Hamilton consulate/consuls
93
on Havana consulate/consuls
86
on Jamestown consulate/consuls
137
on judicial skills of consuls
157
on Kingston consulate/consuls
90
on Madras consulate/consuls
168
main archive of
5 –6
on Manila consulate/consuls
170
on merger of consulates Point à Pitre and Fort-de-France
187
and Ministry for Foreign Affairs
53 –54
on Monrovia consulate/consuls
135
on Pointe à Pitre consulate/consuls
95
,
185
on Port of Spain consulate/consuls
184
and recruitment of consuls
35 –36
reorganization of
52 –53
on San Juan consulate/consuls
91 –92
on Shanghai consulate/consuls
143
,
146 –147
on Singapore consulate/consuls
161
on Swedish-Norwegian shipping to Algiers/Tunis
128
on Tangier consulate/consuls
64
,
124
,
125
,
126
on Willemstad consulate/consuls
96
Swedish consular services
in Africa
201 –209 228 –229
in Asia
209 –216 229 –230
budgets of.
see
budgets
and dissolution of union
aftermath of
193 –194
role in
7 –8
report on.
see
see Diplomatic and Consular Committee (1905)
rules for establishing
198 –199
and stipends
198
and Swedish diplomatic services
197 –199
in West Indies
216 –219 233 –234
see also
consular services
; Swedish-Norwegian
consular services
Swedish consular staff
20
,
194
,
195
,
219
. see also
Swedish-Norwegian consular staff
Swedish consuls
misconduct of
212
nationality of
197
salaries of
196
see also
consuls
; Swedish-Norwegian
consuls
Swedish diplomatic services
197 –199
Swedish East Asia Company
68
Swedish Foreign Ministers
225
. see also under specific names of Foreign Ministers
Swedish foreign policy
economic aspects of
33 –34
and imperialism/colonialism
abandonment of
3
,
219
as informal
18 –19
legal
203
New Imperialism
2 –3 216
research on
7 –8 13 –15 16 –19
parliament’s influence over
40
and protectionism
33
and Scandinavianism
30
,
32 –33
and Union
30 –31
see also
Swedish-Norwegian foreign policy
Swedish Foreign Service
200 –201 213
. see also
see Diplomatic and Consular Committee (1905)
Swedish kings
40 –41
Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs
and BoT
53 –54
and consuls/consular services
after dissolution
193 –194
expansion of
42 –43
and recruitment
36 –37
role within
37
,
38t
,
221 –222
letters send to
36
,
38t
research on
17 –18
and Swedish-Norwegian fleet
35
Swedish National Archive (Riksarkivet)
5 –6
Swedish shipping
to Asia
163t
see also
Swedish-Norwegian shipping; Swedish Norwegina shipping
and consular services
10
importance of
26
official statistics of
196
in tonnage
27t
to West Indies
185
see also
Norwegian shipping
Swedish Trade Council (Exportrådet)
38 –39
Swedish-Norwegian co
58
Swedish-Norwegian consular services
in Africa
overview
54 –67 228 –229
in general
51
decline in
59 –60
expansion of
111 –139
mismanagement of
126
,
135 –136 138
see also under specific countries and cities
annual reports of
8
,
90
,
176 –178 199
in Asia
overview
68 –85 229 –230
in general
52
Consular Committee on
72
expansion of
140 –173
see also under specific countries and cities
and British consular services
185 –186
budgets of.
see
budgets
and diplomatic services
103 –104 160
and dissolution of union
222 –223
expansion of
in general
42 –43
and lack of resources
142 –143
and political prestige
98
,
188
and use of established colonial order
29 –30 43
,
54
,
66 –67 113
,
222
in West Indies
85 –98
family dynasties in.
see
family dynasties
ineffective steering of
49
lack of resources for
142 –143 180
,
220
Norway’s criticism on
31
,
37
,
43
,
105
,
106 –107 190
prestige of
78
professionalization of
35
,
125
,
188
,
222
profits from
44
purpose of
188
reorganization of.
see
reorganization
report on.
see
Consular Committee (1875)
role of foreign minister in
104
size of
22
and Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs.
see
Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs
in West Indies
overview
85 –98 231 –232
in general
51 –52
expansion of
173 –187
initiatives for expansion of
93 –96
mismanagement of
90 –91
see also under specific countries and cities
Swedish-Norwegian consular staff
in general
78
number of
20t
recruitment of.
see
recruitment
salaries of.
see
salaries
see also
Swedish consular staff
Swedish-Norwegian consuls
and accusations from seamen
84
categories of
37
expectations of
70 –71
handbooks for
105 –106
importance of
19
and laws and regulations
50 –51
misconduct of
90 –91 126
,
135 –136
and prestige/social status
10
,
130
,
179
qualification of
judicial skills
157
lack of economic skills of
65
,
105
,
109 –110
recruitment of.
see
recruitment
salaries of.
see
salaries
status of
62 –63
training for
107 –109
well-connectedness of
99
see also
consuls
; Swedish
consuls
Swedish-Norwegian diplomatic services
103 –104 160
Swedish-Norwegian fleet
35
Swedish-Norwegian foreign policy
and consuls
5
and imperialism/colonialism
New Imperialism
3
,
8
,
12
,
43
,
51
,
187
,
221 –222
use of established colonial order
29 –30 43
,
54
,
66 –67 113
,
222
and protectionism
31
,
33
Swedish King’s powers in
40
see also
Swedish foreign policy
Swedish-Norwegian Foreign Service
107
Swedish-Norwegian legations
62 –63
Swedish-Norwegian shipping
in general
38
to Africa
Alexandria
120
,
121
Algiers
128
Cape Town
131
São Tomé
113
Tangier
125
Tunis
128
to Asia
Bangkok
82 –83
Bombay
77
Dutch East Indies
173
increase in
145
Japan
149 –150 150t
Singapore
71
Victoria
74
expansion of
44
to West Indies
Bermuda
93
Havana
86
Leeward Islands
97
Martinique
94 –95
Saint Thomas
180
Trinidad and Tobago
94
see also
Norwegian shipping
;
Swedish shipping
Tamatave (Taomasina)
56 –58 117 –119
Tangier
Christian cemetery in
203
shipping to
125
Swedish-Norwegian consulate in
in general
54 –55
budget of
63 –64 124 –125
decline of
62
German representation of
125 –126
minimum maintainment of
51
Taomasina (Tamatave).
see
Tamatave
Taube, Arvid
207
,
212
,
213
Taylor, Lewis J.
181
Thailand (Siam).
see
Siam
Themptander, Robert
67
Thibaud, Julien
203
Thomasson, Fredrik
13
Thunberg, David Georg
109
,
162 –163
Tietgen, Carl Fredrik
58
Tisdel, Willard
111 –112
Tokyo
211
trade
of Europe, with Asia
68
of Norway
with Africa
114
,
129
with Asia
140
of Sweden
with Africa
113 –114 201 –202 202t
,
203
,
205 –206 208
with Asia
139 –140
of Sweden-Norway
with Africa
55
,
130
with Asia
72 –73 149 –151
with West Indies
173 –174
see also
Norwegian shipping
;
Swedish shipping
; Swedish-
Norwegian shipping
trade attachés
198
training, for consuls
107 –109
Tranchell, Johan
83
transport costs
26
Transvaal (South African Republic)
and Second Boer War
134
see also
Johannesburg
Treaty of Peace, Amity, and Commerce between the King of Sweden and Norway and the Empire of China (1847; Treaty of Canton)
19
,
30
Trinidad and Tobago
shipping to
94
Swedish consular services in
218
Swedish-Norwegian consular services
93 –94 183 –184
Tripoli
51
Tripp, Edgar
184 –185
Trolle, Eric
193 –194
Tulin, Carl (d. 1882)
66
Tulin family
65 –66 130
Tunis
Swedish consulate in
203
Swedish-Norwegian consulate in
in general
54 –55
closure of
65 –66
proposed closure of
51
re-establishment of
126 –128 130
Swedish-Norwegian shipping to
128
,
130
Tunisia
and Sweden-Norway
128 –129
see also
Tunis
Tweedy, Arthur Hearne
175 –176
Tweedy, Hugh D’Oyly
88 –89 175
Tweedy, John Newman
88
Uddén, Axel Torsten
211 –213
Uddén, Torsten
159
Uehlinger, Hermann
214
Uffel Schomburg, Johan von
218
Union Act (1815)
31
Union of Sweden and Norway
dissolution of
7 –8 190 –194 222 –223
establishment of
30
political form of
30 –31
see also
Sweden-Norway, United Kingdoms of
United Kingdom.
see
Great Britain
United Kingdoms.
see
Sweden-Norway, United Kingdoms of
Vangroenweghe, Daniel
115
,
116
Venstre party
101
,
102
,
105
Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie (voc)
68
Victoria (Hong Kong)
Swedish-Norwegian consulate in
appointment of staff of
73 –75 160
Consular Committee on
72
downgrading of
161
establishment of
160
Swedish-Norwegian shipping to
74
Victoria, Queen of Great Britain and Ireland
77
Vienna
106 –107
Vienna Congress (1815)
23 –24
Voigt, Siegfried Eberhard
75
,
166 –167
Volkart, Johann Georg
76
Volkart, Lucas
214
Volkart, Salomon
76
Volkart Brothers (Gebrüder Volkart)
76
,
78
,
167 –168 214
Voss, Diedrich
174
Wachtmeister, Carl-Axel Hansson
175
,
204 –205 217
Wachtmeister, Fredrik
191 –192
Waddell, William Paterson
162 –163
Wadner, Erik
109
,
133
Wallenberg, Gustaf Oscar
18 –19 211 –213
Wanklyn, William
214
Warneford, Robert André Llewellyn
183
Weber, Carl Heinrich Friedrich
172
Weber, Otto
164 –165
Weibull, Curt
10
Weibull, Lauritz
10
Weiss, Holger
13 –14
West Indies
consular services in
Consular Committee (1875) report on
51 –52 86
of Sweden
216 –219 231 –232
of Sweden-Norway
51 –52 85 –98 173 –187 231 –232
see also under specific countries and cities
Norwegian shipping to
177
,
177t
,
183
Swedish shipping to
185
Swedish-Norwegian shipping to
Bermuda
93
Havana
86
Leeward Islands
97
Martinique
94 –95
Saint Thomas
180
Trinidad and Tobago
94
trade of
decline in
216
,
219
with Sweden
216
with Sweden-Norway
173 –174
Wikholm, Otto
144
Wilhelm ii, German Emperor
42
,
101
Willemstad (Curacao)
96 –97 187
Willerding, Theodor
89 –90
Williams, George Alfred
136
Williamson, Jeffrey
25 –26
Wilson, Victor
14
Wilson, William Henry Brougham
138
Windsor, Rose & Co.
164
Wolff, Johan Andreas Ferdinand
84
Wrangel, Herman
126 –128 173
Wright, John Moncrieff
170
Yngfalk, Carl
14
Yngfalk, Nilsson
14
Young, G.M.
17
Young, John Montgomery
168
Yule (the younger), Andrew
214
Zamoyski, Adam
23