Index
Notes:
-
‘al’ at the beginning of an Arabic name or title has been ignored for positioning in the index. Thus al-Ashraf is listed between ‘ascension’ and Asia.
-
European names are listed surname first, followed by given names. Arabic names are not inverted, except in cases where a person is usually known by a later part of his name, which are cross-indexed.
-
Instruments are all listed under ‘instrument’, sub-divided by type. Thus optical instruments are listed under ‘instrument, optical’.
Abbas Eqbal Ashtiani
150(n20)
Abbas Mirza
150
Abd al-Aʾimma
118, 119
ʿAbd al-ʿAziz ibn Muhammad al-Wafāʾī al-Miqātī
113
ʿAbd al-laṭīf b. Aḥmad al-Dimashqī
24, 29
Abd al-Rahmān al-Jabartī
,
see al-Jabartī, Abd al-Rahmān
ʿAbd al-Razzāq ibn Muḥammad, also known as Muʿīn al-Munajjim Kāshānī
124
Abdolrahman al-Jami
142
Abdul Wahid ibn Masʿud
116
Abdulhamid II, Sultan
60, 249, 252
Abdülmecid I, Sultan
235, 236
abjad (decimal numeral system)
8, 10
Aboukir
221, 225, 226
Abū al-Ḥasan al-Marrākushi
23
Abu Taleb ibn Hassan Hosseini Safavi
147
Abu Taleb Kalim of Kashan
118
academic
232, 242
Académie royale, France
208
Academy of Architecture, Berlin
171
Academy of Sciences
of Romania
166
Paris
214
Russian
157, 158
acoustics
172, 180, 186
Adilé (sister of the Sultan Abdülmecid I)
235
Adjarian, H.
245, 246
Adjarian, K.
246
admiral
1, 3, 96
Adnès, Pierre-Onézime
222
advertisement, advertise
160, 163, 164, 165, 247, 252, 255
aerial balance, havai terazi (a form of level)
24, 200, 201, 202
aerial kūniyā, (a form of level, see al-kūniyā al-hawāʾiya)
21, 23, 24, 25, 37
aérostiers militaires (military balloonists)
212
Africa
237, 238, 239
Agia Triada (Holy Trinity) monastery, Istanbul
174, 175
Ahmad al-Mansur
115
Ibn al-Amin Ahmed b. Yahya
10
Ahmed Pasha the Bombardier, also called Bonneval, Claude Alexandre de
43
Ahmed Ziya Akbulut, Major
56
Ahmet Muhtar Pasha
250, 251
Ahmet Rasim
248, 249
Aimé, François-Sébastien
211, 212, 222
air pump
,
vacuum pump
180, 183, 184
Aktien-Gesellschaft Institut für angewandte Geophysik, Göttingen
166
al-āla ʿalā ṣūrat jāmāt al-ḥammām (instrument resembling bowls for the public bath)
33
al-āla al-kulliya yumkin bihā ramī al-khumbara (the universal instrument with which one can throw a bomb)
31, 33
ʿAlāʾ ad-Din ʿAlī bin Muhammad al-Qawshajī (or al-Qūshjī)
,
see Ali Qushji
ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn b. al-Shātir
113
Albania
196
Albrecht of Prussia, Duke
81(n3)
Alemdar Mustafa Pasha
76
Aleppo, Syria
3, 101, 214, 215
Alexandria, Egypt
197, 213, 215, 216, 221, 223, 225, 226, 237, 239
Alfani, Guido
164
Alfonsine tables
86(n11)
Algeria
251
Ali ibn Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Sharfi
6
ʿAlī ibn Ibrahīm ibn al-Shātir
112
Ali Qushji, ʿAlī Qūshjīʾ
3, 74(n53), 110, 114
alidade
7, 84, 87(n13), 95, 96, 98(n39), 127, 210
Aligarh Muslim University, India
147
alla franca instruments (European style instruments)
55, 57
Alliance française
256
Almagest (Ptolemy’s)
3, 56(n6), 130
almanac, Ottoman
78
nautical almanac
,
ephemerides
210(n13), 213, 214(n29)
almucantar (parallel of altitude)
55, 87
altitude (of a celestrial body)
7, 12, 55, 59, 60, 67, 68, 71, 73, 84, 91, 217, 220
altitude of the Sun
13, 14, 55, 57, 65, 68, 69, 70, 77, 78, 90
Ambassadors, The (by Holbein, Hans, Junior)
81, 83
ambassador
102, 110, 142, 229, 235, 241
English ambassador
115
French ambassador
57(n7), 115
Moroccan ambassador
116
Ottoman ambassador
52, 52(n18), 241
America, American
,
United States of America
150, 184, 189, 195
Amir-Arjomand, Kamran
144, 145
Anatolia, Anatolian
1, 11, 101, 102, 244
Andréossy, Antoine François
24
Anfangs-Gründe aller Mathematischen Wissenschaften (by Wolff, Christian Freiherr von)
19, 22, 25, 26, 29
Angos, Jean-Auguste d’
213
Annuaire oriental (a Constantinople directory)
243, 252
anomaly (in astronomy)
132, 132(n32), 133, 139
Apianus, Peter
81, 85
apogee
127, 129, 130, 132–138
apsidal line
130, 132, 136, 137
Aq Qoyunlu Turkomans
142
Arab, Arabian, Arabic
36, 80, 87, 93, 95, 96, 98, 99, 102, 103, 109, 113, 115, 121
Arabic (language)
3, 6, 8, 11, 14, 16, 18, 24, 41, 43, 46, 49, 51, 61, 72, 73, 87, 94, 95, 96, 98, 99, 102, 103, 114, 116, 117, 121, 122, 123, 129, 197, 198, 199, 219, 228
architect
173, 176, 179, 192, 197, 202, 217, 220
architecture, architectural
171, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 197, 202, 203, 204
archive, archival
63, 67, 76, 77, 170, 177, 190, 204, 207, 226
Ottoman Archives
67(n38), 247(n21), 249, 253
Argentina
165
Aries, first point of
133(n33), 134, 136, 137
Aristotle, Aristotelian
3, 196
arithmetic, arithmetical
19, 24, 55
Armao, P. J.
245, 246, 247
armillary sphere
7, 84, 92, 94, 102, 115, 183, 207(n7)
army
40, 56, 58, 60(n21), 61, 74, 76, 149, 206, 210, 212, 223, 252, 253
Arsakeion Girls’ School, Athens
174
arsenal
Imperial Arsenal, Istanbul
235, 254
Maritime or Naval Arsenal, Istanbul
1, 57, 59
Paris arsenal
212
School of Geometry, Maritime Arsenal, Istanbul
57
artificial horizon
67, 69, 216
arshin (a Serbian ruler or unit of length)
191, 196, 197, 198
artillery
76, 211, 212, 220, 235, 251
Artin Bey Shoukry
237
artisan
52, 211, 251
artist
(
painter
)34, 61, 65, 67, 193, 194, 222
Asakir-i Mansure-i Muhammediyye (a new Ottoman army)
60(n21)
ascendant
87, 91
ascension (in astronomy)
91, 128
al-Ashraf, (Yemenite sultan)
112
Asia, Asia Minor
146, 214, 236, 239
assassination
76
Association for Women’s Education, Istanbul
173
Association of Cultural Executives, Montreal
190
astrolabe
2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 55, 81, 87, 89, 92, 103, 109, 114, 116, 118, 120, 122(n1), 126, 127, 131, 143, 146
simple astrolabe
(al-usṭurlāb al-basīṭ,
half circle
)29
astrologer
3(n6) 6, 11, 47(n14), 56, 78(n69), 117, 122, 131
astrology, astrological
6, 88, 91, 115, 117
astronomer
6, 11, 47(n14), 56(n6), 71, 73(n51), 74, 80, 91, 92, 108, 110, 112, 122, 123, 124, 129, 130, 131, 141, 143, 144, 149, 150, 164, 206, 212, 213, 215–219, 228
astronomical
89, 97, 100, 102, 109, 110, 131, 142, 209, 210, 213, 215, 216, 217
book, literature, manuscript, text
7, 14, 63, 71, 98, 102
calculations, data, operations
7, 10, 71, 73, 74, 77, 214
instrument, apparatus, device
1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 15, 43, 55, 80, 93, 94, 95, 98, 99, 102, 108, 120, 142, 143, 149, 207, 208, 209, 210, 214, 216, 217, 221, 222, 226
parameters
13, 65, 69, 71, 74, 77, 129, 130, 132, 135, 136, 139, 140, 141
refraction
,
refraction, atmospheric
70, 74
tables zij and ephemerides
10, 59, 64, 69, 88, 97, 126, 130, 214
Astronomicum Caesareum (by Peter Apianus)
84, 85
astronomy
1–6, 3(n6), 12, 13, 43, 47, 56, 64, 84, 88, 92, 93, 109, 110, 111, 115, 116, 117, 120, 132, 133, 142, 143, 146, 147, 149, 150, 175, 207, 208, 213, 239
astrophysics
157
Atelier de perfectionnement des armes portatives, Paris
212
Athens
171, 174
Atlas Cœlestis (by John Flamsteed)
209
Atwood machine
180
Australia
163
Austria, Austrian
17, 23, 241, 242, 243, 244
Austrian instrument maker
181, 182, 242
Austro-Hungarian Chamber of Commerce, Istanbul
243
Austro-Hungarian Empire
232
authentic, authenticity
124, 190, 191, 192
automaton clocks
115, 117
al-Azhar, University of
228
azimuth
7, 12, 71, 84, 87, 97, 120, 210
Babo device
184
Baghdad
101, 214, 217, 227
Bahāʾ al-dīn al-ʿāmilī
24
Bailly, Jean
93
Baily, Richard, also known as İngiliz Selim
73(n51)
balance
24, 35, 160, 184, 200, 201
aerial
,
aerial balance
24, 200, 201, 202
Baldric of Bourgueil
102
balloon, ballooning, balloonist
209, 212, 219, 223, 224, 226
National School of Ballooning
,
see École nationale aérostatique
Barbarossa
,
see Hayreddin Pasha
1
barometer
172, 176, 180, 181, 219, 220, 223, 247, 252
aneroid barometer
220
baromètre-balance
220, 224
Baronian, Petros
,
see Bārūn
Bartholomäus von Stürmer, Count
235
Bārūn (Petros Baronian)
121, 121(n51)
Bassorah (Basra), Iraq
1
Bausch & Lomb (scientific instrument maker)
186
Bayezid II, Sultan
122
Bayram b. Ilyās
113
Beauchamp, Pierre-Joseph de
213, 214, 215, 217, 221, 227
Beaujour, Félix de
111
Bedini, Silvio A.
190
Belgrade
16, 17, 18, 190
University of Belgrade
191, 195
Bélidor, Bernard Forest de
18, 19, 20, 30, 32, 33, 38, 63
Benghazi, Libya
198, 199, 202
Berge, Matthew (scientific instrument maker)
68
Berlin, University of
171
Berliner-Platz (supplier of instruments for eye surgery)
244
Bernard de Verdun (Bernardus de Virduno)
88, 90, 99, 100, 102, 103, 106
Bernhere, Thomas
115, 116, 117, 121
Berthollet, Claude-Louis
208, 217
Berthoud, Louis
209, 212–216, 221
Betancourt, Agustín de
225
Bézout, Étienne
64
Bicaj, Albania
196
bimetallic coil
159
binoculars
242, 247, 251, 252
Bion, Jean-Baptiste (son of Nicolas Bion)
52
Bion, Johann Theobald (translator)
18
Bion, Nicolas
22, 26, 29, 40, 43, 45(n9), 47, 48, 49, 49(n17), 51, 52, 54
Birkenmajer, Aleksander
87
Black Sea
11, 214
Blaux, Paris (surgical instrument maker)
244
Blondel, François
19, 20, 30, 31, 32, 38
Bombardiers
43, 52, 56
Corps of Bombardiers (Ulufeli Humbaracı Ocağı)
43, 52
bombs, throwing of
19, 29, 30, 31, 33, 38
Bonaparte
,
Napoleon
206, 208, 211, 212, 214, 216, 217, 221, 226, 227
Bonneval, Claude Alexandre de, also called Ahmed Pasha the Bombardier
43
Bonnycastle, John
73
Borda, Jean-Charles de
214
Borri, Cristoforo
144, 146
Bosch (scientific instrument maker)
162
Bosch, Johann (magic lantern presenter)
239
Bosizio, Ritter von
243
Bosnia
241
Bossut, Charles
64
botany
169
Boué, Ami
241, 243
Bouguer, Pierre
63
boussole
,
compass, magnetic
37
Boyle, Robert
35
Bozcaadalı Hasan Pasa
252
Bradley, James
63, 64, 69, 71
Brahe, Tycho
80, 93
Tychonic system, Tychonic cosmology
74, 143
brass
29, 32, 35, 36, 65, 68, 80, 84, 87, 103, 113, 116, 159, 210, 211, 215, 218, 252
Brasov, Romania
234
Bratislava
233
Breguet, Abraham-Louis
225
Breguet Jr. (Antoine-Louis, son of Breguet, Abraham-Louis)
211
Brentjes, Sonja
143
Breslau
17
Breton Frères (scientific instrument makers)
180
Brice, William
96
Britain
,149, 162
British
60, 148, 210, 251
British army, British forces
76, 226
British fleet
77
Brockmann, Hubert J.
165
bronze
199, 202
Brussels, Belgium
182
Bucharest, Romania
234, 236
University of Bucharest
166
Budapest, Hungary
232, 233, 234, 236
build, builder, building trade
188, 192, 196, 197, 202, 203
Bulgaria
189, 202
bureaucrat, bureaucratic
52, 225, 240, 242, 251
Bureau de la Guerre, France
211
Bureau des longitudes, Paris
208, 213
Bureau du Cadastre, France
208, 210, 212, 213, 215
Bursa, Turkey
102
Busbecq, Ghislain de
111
al-būṣula
, (
magnetic compass
)35, 36, 37
Bylica, Martin
81(n3)
Byzantines
101
Byzantine Empire
168
Caffarelli du Falga, General Louis-Marie-Joseph-Maximilien
207, 208, 209, 211, 212, 215, 217, 221, 223
Cagnoli, Antonio
64
Cairo
,112, 113, 196, 206, 207, 212–217, 219, 220, 221, 223–226, 228, 237, 239
Cairo uprising or riot
207, 221, 228
cabinet (of instruments)
175, 180
geological cabinet
169
natural history cabinet
209
physics cabinet
172, 180, 209, 217
calendar
13, 70, 71, 74, 100, 114, 198
Gregorian
70, 71
Hijra, Hijri
70, 113, 198
Callet, Jean François
72
Calon, General
214
Cambridge and Paul Instrument Company
161
Canada
187, 189, 195
Canada Science and Technology Museum
(
Ingenium
)187, 190, 202
Canadian Conservation Institute
202
cannon
32, 142
Caracas, L. P.
245, 247
Carlowitz & Co., Hamburg (scientific instrument supplier)
164
carpenter, carpentry
211, 212, 222
cartography, cartographer, cartographic
6, 78, 120, 208, 210
Cartuja Seismological Station, Granada
165
Caspian Sea
100, 214
Cassini, Jacques
63, 64, 69, 71, 72, 74
Cassini, Jean-Dominique (Cassini IV)
213
catalogue
catalogue of the Petrovic collection
190, 192, 200
trade catalogue
163, 167, 180, 182, 184, 246, 252
Catalogue of Incipits of Mediaeval Scientific Writings (by Lynn Thorndike and Pearl Kibre)
104
cathetometer
180
cathode ray tubes
181
Çelebi, Evliya
11(n40), 111(n15)
Çelebi, Katib
7, 37
Celtis, Konrad
91(n24)
cellar
157, 159
gunpowder cellar (Tartu)
158
CENCΟ
184, 186
centrifugal machine
180
Çerkes İzzet Pasha
251
Chaldeans
80, 93
Chaptal, Jean-Antoine
226
Chardin, John
143
Charrière, Paris (surgical instrument supplier)
244
chart, nautical
244
chemist, chemistry, chemical
18, 160, 169, 171, 172, 173, 175, 177, 186, 208, 216, 223, 226
chemistry or chemical laboratory
173, 174, 177, 178, 184, 209, 217
China
162, 164
Christian, Christianity
20, 102, 117, 147, 169, 170
chronometer
215
Cihannüma, (Cosmorama by Kātib Çelebī)
7, 11(n40), 37
cinematography
239
Cirot, Calixte-Victor, or Calixte-Charlemagne
211, 222
Citadel (in Cairo)
225
Clairaut, Alexis Claude
63
classical studies, classical education
170, 171,172
clepsydra
217
clergy
169, 170, 175
climatology
175
clock
56, 97, 115, 117, 212, 214, 217, 240, 254
alarm clock
58
astronomical clock
209, 215
automaton clock
115, 117
organ clock
115
public clock, tower clock
111, 111(n13, n15)
striking clock
114
clockmaker
114, 209, 211
coat of arms, Ottoman
61
Collège de France
220
Collège de Sorbonne, Paris
92
Collin, Jean
222
colony (French, in Egypt), colonial
206, 221, 223, 225, 226, 227
comet
92, 147
Comité International pour la Métrologie Historique
193
Commentarii Bellici
53
commercial, commerce
114, 120, 168, 173, 240, 242, 243, 248, 255
Chamber of Commerce, Austro-Hungarian, in Istanbul
243
Chambre de commerce française, Istanbul
256
Commercial School of Halki
171
Commission des sciences et arts
208, 210, 211, 212, 213, 216, 221, 222
compagnie d’ouvriers (company of military workers)
211
compas de proportion
42, 45
compass, magnetic
11, 13, 14, 35, 36, 37, 47, 112, 113, 114, 117, 118, 119, 120, 214, 217, 222, 247
compass, dry
117
compass, wet
112
dip compass, dip needle
211, 216
mariner’s compass
252
surveying compass
211, 214, 216, 223
variation (declination) compass
214
compass needle
10, 35, 36, 37, 95, 112, 113, 117, 118, 119, 120
compasses (mathematical instrument)
21, 37, 44, 188, 195, 223
compendium
1, 4, 5, 40, 53, 114
compteur astronomique (a telescope attachment)
213
conjunction, astronomical
97, 123, 217
Connaissance des temps
,
almanac, nautical and Ephemerides
64, 70, 213
Conseiller électricien de gouvernement ottoman
,
Lacoine, Émile
253
Constantinople Istanbul
24, 76, 100, 169, 170, 172, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 243, 251
Construction and Principal Uses of Mathematical Instruments (by Nicolas Bion, translated by Edmund Stone)
40(n2), 49(n17)
consul, consulate
214, 216, 227, 243
consultant
191, 253
consumer, consumption
114, 242, 244, 248, 249, 255
Conté, Nicolas-Jacques
207, 212, 218–226
Conté’s inventions
220, 223–226
Cooper and Cary
229
coordinates (altitude-azimuth, ecliptic, equatorial, geographic)
84, 97, 120
Copello, J. B.
245, 247
Copernicus, Copernican system
74, 149
copper
10, 21, 30, 219, 245
Corabœuf, Jean-Baptiste
215, 216, 217
Çorlu, Turkey
254
cosmographe de Girod (a form of tellurium)
182, 183
cosmography
84, 143, 171, 175, 176, 177
Coulomb torsion balance
181
Coutelle, Colonel Jean-Marie-Joseph
220, 223
Couvreur
222
craftsmen, also ‘artists’
211, 222
crista
84, 88
Croatia
189, 198, 199, 200
crusade, crusader
100, 102
cubit
20, 21, 22, 31, 33, 126, 126(n12), 198
Culpeper, London
121(n49)
culture
26, 109, 115, 168, 169, 187, 188, 195, 203, 204, 229, 242, 249, 251
material culture
23, 80, 192, 240
Cuno, Jakob
81(n3)
curriculum, in schools
169, 170, 171, 173, 177
Cyprus
189
d’Alembert, Jean Le Rond
63
Daguerreotype
232
Dallam, Thomas
115
Damanhour, Egypt
225
Damascus
101
Damietta, Egypt
216
Dār al Funūn (first modern higher education institution in Iran)
142, 153
Dardanelles
59, 77
De torqueto (by Regiomontanus)
89
declination
magnetic
10, 11, 11(n40), 14, 15, 95, 117
solar
13, 70, 71, 74
deferent
122, 126, 130, 132, 133, 134, 135, 137, 139
Dei gesta per Francos (by Guibert of Nogent)
102
Denmark
162
dentist
244, 247
Dépôt général de la Guerre, France
208, 213, 214
Dépôt général de la Marine, France
208
Descotes, Pierre Marie
165
Description de l’Egypte (by Le Père, Jacques-Marie)
206
Description et usage du cercle de reflexion (by Jean-Charles Borda)
214(n29)
Desgenettes, René-Nicolas Dufriche
225
dial
,
see sundial
dialling
108, 111, 112, 114, 120, 121
Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française (by Frédéric Godefroy)
99
Diderot, Denis
63
Die Kunst Bomben zu werffen (The Art of Throwing Bombs, by François Blondel)
19
Dimyat, Egypt
120
diplomat, diplomatic
17, 52, 58, 115, 150, 168, 214, 227, 240
dissolving view (magic lantern show)
229–239
distillation apparatus
245
Divān (of Abu Taleb Kalim of Kashan), qasīda from
118
dividers (mathematical instrument)
69, 210(n15), 223
Dīwān, Divan (Council)
228
Diwan-i-farsī (by Mir David)
118
Döbler, Ludwig (magician)
231, 232
doctor
173, 241, 242, 247, 252, 255
Dollond, John
210, 211, 215
Dolmabahçe Palace, Istanbul
236
Dolomieu
209(n10)
Doppelmayr, Johann Gabriel
23, 26, 29
Döring, Mr.
236
Dorn, Hans
81(n3)
drawing (instruments, materials)
54, 209
Dreux, Robert de
111
Drosten, Robert (scientific instrument maker)
182
Dubrovnik, Croatia
198
Ducretet, Eugène Adrien (scientific instrument maker)
182, 183
du Mans, Raphael
146
Dumotiez Frères (scientific instrument maker)
183, 209(n10)
Düsseldorf, Germany
232
Duterme, Ch. (scientific instrument retailer)
183
Earth, the
7, 35, 74, 126, 128, 130, 132, 133(n33), 139, 158, 239
centre of the Earth
130, 132, 137, 139
earthquake
157
East, Eastern
3, 16, 19, 37, 72, 80, 95, 96, 100, 187, 189, 192, 203, 207, 228, 233, 239
East India Company
117, 147
Ebubekir Râtib Efendi
54
eccentricity, eccentric centre
130, 134 137, 140
eclipsarium
52
eclipse
12, 13, 52, 126, 130, 217
ecliptic
8, 70, 71. 74, 84, 94, 96, 128, 130, 132, 133(n33), 139
obliquity of the ecliptic
13, 71, 74, 84, 87, 88
École centrale des travaux publics, France, later the École Polytechnique
211, 212
École des Géographes, Paris
210, 215
École du Génie, Metz
212
École nationale aérostatique (National School of Ballooning), Meudon, France
208, 212, 222, 225
École polytechnique, France
208, 210, 211, 215, 217, 222, 225
economy
78, 162, 168, 169, 173, 178, 195, 242, 243, 244
Edison Lamp Works of the General Electric Company
161
education, educational
43, 102, 150, 160, 169, 170, 171, 173
education of girls
169, 173
educational institution
102, 153, 170, 240, 252
higher education
142, 153, 178, 248
scientific education
168
secular education
169
theological education
175
Western European education
173
Egypt, Egyptian
1, 96, 102, 108, 113, 120, 189, 196, 197, 206–228, 237, 238
Upper Egypt
216, 223, 228
electric egg
184
electric lighter, Volta’s
184
electric whirl
184, 185
electrical
apparatus, device, equipment
247, 252, 253, 254
bell
246, 247
Bonetti electrical machine
182
business
246
Carré electrical machine
180, 183
lightning conductor
246
machine
181, 184, 246
medical electrical device
252, 254
Ramsden machine
183
electrician, électricien
246, 247, 253, 256
electricity
172, 179, 180, 184, 229, 246, 252, 253
electronics
160
electroscope, Zeleny
186
Elements (Euclid’s)
3
Elements of Geometry (by John Bonnycastle)
73
elevation, angle of
4, 30, 31, 32, 210
Elizabeth I, Queen (of England)
116
el-Muhit
,
see Kitabü’l-Muhit
el-Muwaqqit
,
see Mustafa bin Ali el-Muwaqqit
Encyclopédie (of Diderot and d’Alembert)
63
Enderun (a section of the Imperial Palace, Istanbul)
58, 59, 60, 62, 63
engineer
35, 54, 55, 56, 58, 59, 60, 64, 66, 73, 74, 76, 77, 78, 93, 146, 177, 212, 213, 217, 219, 222, 242, 244, 247, 248, 252, 253, 255
chemical engineer
177, 207
civil engineer
206, 209, 215, 216, 219, 223
electrical engineer
253
mechanical engineer
177, 207
military engineer
208, 212, 215, 216
mining engineer
215
Ottoman engineer
73
engineering
53, 64, 76, 221, 240
engineering business
252
engineering documents
252
engineering instrument
221, 252
engineering school
227
Engineering School of the Maritime Arsenal, Istanbul
57, 77
England, English
67, 68, 115, 117, 120, 147, 149, 157, 182, 210, 226, 229, 236, 238, 244
English instrument maker
182
English (language)
26, 39, 51, 96, 99, 123, 163, 165
engraving
119, 223
entertainer, entertainment
99, 229, 230, 237
Enlightenment
63
ephemerides
,
almanac, nautical
64, 74
Ephémérides des mouvemens célestes, pour le méridien de Paris (by Jérôme de Lalande)
214(n29)
epicycle, epicyclic (in the Ptolemaic system)
130, 132, 133, 134, 137, 138, 139, 140
Epirus, Greece
173
Epperies, Johann de
91, 92, 103, 107
equant
130, 132, 133, 134, 137, 139
equation of time
126, 128
equator, equatorial
84, 92, 94, 96, 97, 134
equatorial circle (instrument)
2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 13(n42), 14, 95, 96
equatorium
122–133, 135, 139, 141
alidade of
124, 125, 127, 129, 133, 134, 137, 138, 139
ring of
124–27, 129, 133–137, 139
ruler of
124, 125, 133, 134, 137, 138
plate of
122–129, 132–141
ERDA, Aktien-Gesellschaft Institut für angewandte Geophysik, Göttingen
166
Eşkalü’l-Alatü’l-Hendesiyye (On Geometrical Instruments)
53
Estonia, Estonian
154, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 167
Estonian (language)
159
Euclid, Euclidean geometry
3, 19
equinox
90, 136, 133(n33), 137
Europe, European countries
11, 22, 39, 40, 45, 54, 57, 71, 78, 100, 102, 103, 112–117, 119, 120, 142, 146, 149, 163, 169, 181, 206, 231, 233, 239, 240–244, 247, 252, 255
European
(
Western
)10, 14, 29, 37, 53, 54, 58, 61, 62, 63, 64, 71, 74, 84, 93, 99, 100, 101, 102, 114–117, 119, 120, 121, 142, 143, 146, 147, 149, 158, 173, 198, 206, 207, 221, 240, 241, 244, 249, 251, 252, 255
books
18, 37, 63, 73
instruments
14, 23, 26, 29, 57, 59, 74, 116, 119, 121
science, technology
115, 143, 149, 207, 227
sundials
114, 117, 118, 120
symbols
62, 63
tradition
10, 23
Expedition to Egypt, Bonaparte’s
206–228
expenses, for Bonaparte’s expedition to Egypt
208, 209, 211
experiment, experimental
35, 169, 171, 172, 173, 176, 179, 184, 186, 195, 212, 221, 224, 225, 228, 232
Experimentator (shop name)
159
Exposition Universelle, Paris, 1900
181
eyeglasses, eyewear
,
spectacles
142, 143, 241, 244, 247, 249, 253
eyepieces, celestial and terrestrial
210
Eyüb Pasha
60
factory
186, 222, 240, 244, 247, 254
Fanari (a district of Istanbul, modern Fener)
173
Faroqhi, Suraiya
204
al-Fathiyya (astronomical work by Ali Qushji)
3, 74(n53)
Fatih mosque and kulliye (place of higher learning)
110, 114
Favre (clockmaker)
211
ferrous metal, ferrous alloy (instrument made of)
196, 197
Fèvre, Jean-Baptiste Simon
219
Feyzi Bey
55, 58–71, 73, 74, 76, 77, 78
Feyzi Efendi
77
Finland
162
Flamsteed, John
209
fleet
254
British fleet
77, 225
French fleet
210, 221, 225
Ottoman fleet
1, 3
Fleisch, Alfred
160, 167
Florence, Italy
164
Flores ex almagesti (by Geber the Spaniard)
81, 90
foot (unit of length)
20, 21
Fordham University, New York
164, 165
fortifications
59, 75, 77, 227
Fortunate Isles
139
Fotiadis, Pericles
173, 176
fountain in vacuum
180, 184
Fouquet, Pierre-Denis
223
France
23, 29, 52, 57, 93, 149, 157, 162, 169, 179, 207, 213, 214, 220, 224, 225, 226, 244, 245, 248, 254, 255
French
24, 29, 40, 43, 52, 63, 64, 76, 77, 93, 115, 120, 180, 206, 207, 213, 217, 218, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 232, 248, 249, 251, 255
Franco-Ottoman scientific relations
226
French conquest or occupation of Egypt
206, 226, 227
French scientific instruments
182, 183, 206, 207
French instrument makers
180, 184
French (language)
18, 26, 37, 39, 45, 63, 64, 72, 74, 99, 150, 169, 179, 235
Franco de Colonia
87(n12)
Franco de Polonia, also known as Magister Franchone de polonia parisiensis
86, 86(n12), 87, 88, 90, 92, 93, 94, 96, 98, 100, 102, 103, 105
Franco of Lüttich (Liège)
86(n12)
Franks, the
102
Fréminville, Elisabeth-Théodore de La Poix de
209, 210, 211
Frisch, Karl, also called as Kirde, Kaarel
166
Fulcher of Chartres
102
Fünunü’l-Harb (manuscript on Warfare Techniques)
53
Gao or Gago (now in Mali)
117
Gaiffe, Adolphe (scientific instrument maker)
180, 181, 182, 183
Gaitanaki, Chatzi-Stefani
179
Galante, Paris
245
Galata, Istanbul
1, 243, 245, 246, 248, 249, 253
Galatali
,
see Seydi Ali bin Hüseyin
Galileo, Galilean
,19, 146
galvanometer, galvanometric
157, 163
Deprez-d’Arsnoval galvanometer
159, 186
Hartmann & Braun galvanometer
159
Gamzigrad, Serbia
189, 199, 200
Ganot, A.
169
gasometer (for measuring the quantity of a gas)
180
Gaudette
209(n10), 211
Geber the Spaniard or Jābir ibn Aflaḥ
80, 81, 90, 91, 93, 94, 95, 97, 98, 103
Gelenbevi Ismail Efendi
72
General-in-Chief
,
see Bonaparte
geocentric model of the universe
73, 74
geodesy, geodetic
43, 160, 207, 215, 216, 217, 244, 247, 252
geography, geographer, geographic
1, 3, 18, 54, 95, 96, 101, 120, 123, 139, 147, 195, 208, 222
Geography (by Pomponius Mela)
100
geological, geologist
169, 236, 241, 252
geometer
21, 25, 29
geometry, geometric (= engineering)
18, 19, 22, 39, 43, 46, 47, 49, 53, 57, 64, 65, 69, 73, 212, 222
geophysics
157, 165
George III, King (of Great Britain)
63
Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., Seismological Observatory
161
Gerard of Cremona
90
Germany, German
11, 14, 17, 25, 80, 93, 97, 100, 229, 231, 255
German instrument makers
181, 182
German (language)
17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 25, 26, 39, 93, 99, 163, 169
Germanos IV, Patriarch
175
Ghazarossian A.
245, 246
Gheorghiu, Trajan D.
166
Ghīyāth al-Dīn Jamshīd ibn Masʿūd ibn Maḥmūd ibn Muḥammad Kāshānī
,
see Kāshānī
122
gift, diplomatic
58, 115, 117, 240
Gilbert & Wright
68
Gilbert, John
121(n49)
Gilbert, William
116(n33)
Girard (civil engineer)
223
Giraud, E.
248
Giza, Egypt
217, 220, 223
glass
35, 36, 67, 172, 223
flint glass
223, 225, 226
globe
89
celestial globe
2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 58, 81
terrestrial globe
58
gnomon
113, 114, 119, 120
Goa, India
146
Göçek, Fatma Müge
241, 242
Godefroy, Frédéric
99
Godlewska, Anna
207
gold, golden, goldsmith
110, 228, 249
Golden Horn, Istanbul
57
Golitsyn, Prince Boris
154, 155–158, 160–164, 166, 167
Göttingen, Germany
158, 164, 166
graduates (of a school)
170, 174
Granada, Spain
165
Great Mosque of Granada
108
graphometer, graphomètre
29, 211, 216, 219
Great Britain
149, 162
Great School of the Nation, Istanbul
,
see Phanar Greek Orthodox College
170
Greece, Greek
23, 29, 102, 168, 169, 170, 171, 173, 174, 179, 189, 196
Greek community of Istanbul
168, 169, 173, 178, 186
Greek Kingdom
173
Greek Lyceum of Chatzihristou
171
Greek Ministry of Education, Instruments Factory of
186
Greek Orthodox
168
Greek Philological Society of Constantinople
169, 171
Greek revolution
170
Greek school
180, 182, 185, 186
Greek state
168, 169, 186
Greek (language)
98, 99, 169, 179
Greenaway, Frank
193
Gregorian dates
70, 71
Griffin, of London (scientific instrument maker)
182
Gros-Caillou, national workshop of, France
209
Grotzsch, Helmut
193
Grundriss Der Experimentalphysik (by E. Jochmann)
169
Guibert of Nogent
102
Gujarat, India
1, 14
gunner, guns
37, 38, 43, 56, 142, 221
gunpowder, gunpowder mill
223, 224
Gunther, Robert T.
86, 93
Gutenberg, Johannes
100(n44)
gymnasium
, (high school,
school
)169
Habermel, Erasmus
81(n3)
Habsburg
17, 235
Hachette (scientific instrument maker)
180
Hacı Hüseyin Pasha
251
Hadiyyat al-Muhtadī (The Gift of the Convert, by Osman Efendi bin Abdülmennan)
16, 17, 18, 19, 22, 24, 26, 27, 28, 34, 36, 37
Hadji Hasan mosque, Konya
110
Hadley, John
57
Hagia Sophia mosque, Istanbul
110
Haifa, Israel
197
Haldat apparatus for hydrostatics
181
half circle (simple astrolabe)
25, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 37, 84
Halifax, Canada
195
Halifezade Çınari Ismail Efendi
71, 72
Halki, Turkey
(
theological
)177
Halliwell, James Orchard
86(n12), 106(n53)
Hamburg, Germany
157, 164
Harborne, William
115
Harem, Imperial (part of the Topkapı Palace, Istanbul)
235
Hartl disc (optical apparatus)
186
Hartmann & Braun (scientific instrument makers)
159
Hartmann, Georg
114
Hartmann, J.
97, 98
Hartmann, Polykarp
88, 106(n54)
Has Oda (Imperial Chamber of the palace in Istanbul)
58, 59, 76
Hasan al-ʿAttār al-Misrī, Sheikh
228
Hasan al-Sāʾigh
110
Hasan Kâshif Jarkis
218
Hasan Rüştü Pasha
251
Hassenfratz, Jean Henri
212
havai terazi, terazi
24, 200, 201, 202
Havliczek, Mr. (glass painter)
231
Hayreddin Pasha, also called Barbarossa
1
heat
35, 179
heliocentric model of the universe
73, 74
Helmholtz, double siren and resonators
180
Hérault, François-Michel
222
Herkov, Zlatko
193
Hero’s fountain
180, 183
Herodotus
100
Herschel, William
149
Herschel telescope
149
Heyʾat-e Jadid-e Engriz (New English Astronomy by Mir Mohammad Hossein Isfahani)
147
Hezarfen Hüseyin Efendi
55(n1)
Hijra, Hijri dates
70, 113, 198
Histoire littéraire de la France
88
Historia Hierosolimytana
by Baldric of Bourgueil
102
by Fulcher of Chartres
102
historiography
80, 99, 161, 167, 195, 204
history
90, 93, 103, 142, 155, 170, 187, 190, 191, 192, 193, 195, 202, 203, 204, 240
Hoca İshak Efendi
53
Hoca Tahsin Efendi
48(n16)
Hochu (military balloonist)
223
Hocquet, Jean-Claude
193
Holbein, Hans, Junior
81, 83
horizon
8, 26, 30, 31, 32, 55, 66, 68, 71, 84, 97, 216
artificial horizon
67, 69, 216
dip of the horizon
69, 73
horizon ring, horizon plate
8, 95, 97
horology, horological
209, 222
horoscope
128, 131, 141
hours, equal, Nuremberg or Babylonian, Italian
8, 113, 114
Hudadoroglou, S.
172
Hülasatü’l Heyʾe (Epitome of Astronomy, by Seydi Ali bin Hüseyin)
2, 3
Hungary, Hungarian
91, 233, 236
Hunter, William
148
Hüseyin Hilmi Efendi
56, 78(n69)
Hüseyin Rıfkı Tamani
72, 73
Hüsnü Pasha of Kadiköy
251
Hüsrev Pasha, Mehmet also known as Koca Hüsrev Pasha
60
hydrogen
224, 230, 236
Iași, Moldavia
234
Iatropoulos, Alexandros
177
Ibn al-Khatīb
108
Ibn al-Sāffar
108(n2)
Ibn Baso
108
Ibn Simʿun
112
Ibrahim b. Sinan al-Harranī
109
İdare-i Mahsusa (steamship company)
254
Idris Bey
214
Imber, Colin
96
immigrant, immigration
102, 168, 187, 189
Imperial Palace, Istanbul
58, 59, 76, 77, 253
Imperial School of Engineering, Istanbul
39, 43, 53, 54, 56, 58, 59, 63, 64, 66, 67, 72, 74, 76, 77
imported, importing
11, 40, 68, 163, 169, 241–245, 247, 252–254
inch
20, 21
inclinometer
25
Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Constantinople Lodge of the
251
India, Indian
1, 3, 14, 118, 142, 146, 147, 149, 162, 239
Indian circle (Hind dairesi, an astronomical instrument)
3
Indian Ocean
1, 3, 4, 11
Indo-Muslim civilization
118
L’indicateur ottoman
243, 246
industry
162, 241, 253, 255
ingénieur-géographe
210, 215
Ingenium: Canada’s Museums of Science and Innovation
187, 199
İngiliz Selim (Richard Baily), also called Selim the Englishman
73
Inhāta (by Ibn al-Khatīb)
108
Institut d’Égypte
212, 217, 218, 222, 224
Institut national des sciences et arts, France
208, 213, 220, 223
Institute of Physics, of the Russian Imperial Academy of Sciences
160, 161
instrument maker
52, 67, 68, 108, 110, 132, 133, 135, 146, 154, 157, 178, 180, 181, 182, 183, 186, 207, 208, 210, 211, 219
instrument making
119, 127, 154, 161, 167, 206, 209, 207, 208, 211, 212, 221–223, 224, 240, 242
instruments, collections of
170, 171, 172, 177–186, 207, 227, 240
Petrovic Collection
187–205
instruments
astronomical
1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 64, 80, 93, 98, 99, 102, 108, 120, 142, 143, 149, 153, 207, 209, 216 217, 221, 222, 226
ceremonial or decorative
114, 188, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203
chemical
160, 169, 184, 209, 244, 245, 252
dental
144
drawing
electrical
247, 252
engineering
221, 252
geodetic
43, 160, 247, 252
geographical
222
geometrical
19, 47, 53
geological
252
mathematical
21, 39, 40, 56, 119, 160, 187, 210, 211, 221, 244, 247, 252
measuring
21, 57, 188, 192, 193, 221, 222, 223
meteorological
160, 247
metrological
187, 192
nautical, naval
78, 244
observational
58, 59, 64, 71, 92
optical
209, 225, 226, 241, 242, 243, 244, 246, 248, 252, 253
Ottoman
195, 199, 201
philosophical
229
physics, physical
159, 169, 184, 209(n10), 241, 244, 247, 252
precision
78, 159, 211, 221, 222, 247, 252
scientific
37, 43, 52, 54, 61, 67, 142, 143, 155, 159, 170, 172, 176, 177, 183, 186, 190, 206, 207, 208, 220, 221, 224, 226, 227, 228, 232, 240–247, 252, 255
seismological
157
surgical
209, 241, 244, 246, 247
surveying
21, 25–29, 43, 247
topographical
208, 209, 210, 215, 222
Instruments (magazine)
163
Instruments of Science: An Historical Encyclopedia
99
Introductio geographica (by Peter Apianus)
84(n6)
inventor, invention
46, 64, 80, 86, 87, 88, 90, 92, 93, 95, 97, 98, 121, 127, 143
Conté’s invention’s
220, 223–226
Ioannidis, Ioannis
174
Iran, Iranian
24, 40, 118, 122, 142, 143, 146, 147, 149, 150, 153
Iraq
102
iron
21, 218, 222
Isfahan
117, 118, 120, 146, 147
Iṣlāh al-Majisṭī
94
Islam
17, 96, 108, 112, 113, 114, 117
Islamic
architecture
202, 204
arts and science
204
cartography
120
cities
46
countries
18, 23, 30
globes
8
instruments
37
knowledge
18, 37
life
119
mathematics
29
science
204
society
109
sources
14
sundials
108, 113, 121
texts
11
tradition
10, 14, 120
units
20
world, lands
23, 74, 112, 113, 115, 120
Israel
189, 197
Istanbul
,
Constantinople
1, 3, 10, 14, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 52, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 68, 70, 72, 74, 77, 110, 114, 122, 146, 168, 169, 170, 173, 174, 175, 178, 180, 186, 198, 200, 201, 202, 212, 214, 215, 227, 227(n79), 228, 236, 240–256
Italian
37, 114, 144, 235
ivory
113, 214
Iyrcae (later Turcae or Tyrcae)
100
Iz al-din b. Muhammad al-Wafai
13(n42), 96
İznik, Turkey
102
al-Jabartī, Abd al-Rahmān
206, 207, 217, 217(n40), 218, 221, 222, 228
Jābir ibn Aflaḥ
,
Geber the Spaniard
90, 94, 95
Jacobi, Alexander (newspaper correspondent)
235
Jamshīd’s Cup, Jām-i Jamshīd (a name for Kāshānī ‘s equatorium)
128
Jew, Jewish
229, 232
Jochmann, E.
169
John of Murs
92
John of Sicily
90
Jomard, Edme-François
210, 228
Josephstädter theatre, Vienna
231
Journal de Constantinople
235
Juchereau de Saint Denys, Antoine Baron de
59, 60, 64, 74, 75, 76, 77
judge
40, 58
Jupiter
123, 130, 133, 146, 147, 152, 217
Kaab, Assia
202
Kabakçı Mustafa insurrection
76
Kalvarienberg cemetery
239
Kapıdağlı, Konstantin
61
Kāshān, Iran
,118, 122
Kāshānī, (Ghīyāth al-Dīn Jamshīd ibn Masʿūd ibn Maḥmūd ibn Muḥammad Kāshānī)
122, 123, 124, 126–130, 132, 133, 135, 137, 139, 140
al-Kāshī
,
see Kāshānī
122
Kātib Çelebī or Katip Çelebi
7, 37
Katib-i Rumi
,
see Seydi Ali bin Hüseyin
1
Kawe (chocolate maker in Estonia)
162
Kennedy, Edward S.
122, 123, 126, 129, 135
khamāʾirrīyat
,
Muhammad b. Fattūh al-Khamāʾirī
108
Kharkiv (now in Ukraine)
157
khashabāt
,
stakes
25, 29
Khulāṣat al-ḥisāb (The Very Essence of Arithmetic, by by Bahāʾ al-dīn al-ʿĀmilī)
24
Kibre, Pearl
104
Kilitbahir, Turkey
59
Kirman (now part of Iran)
110
Kitāb-ı bahriye (Book of Navigation, by Piri Reis)
13, 37
Kitabü’l-Muhit fi İlm el-Eflak ve’l-Ebhur (Book of the Ocean or the Sciences of the Spheres and the Seas), or el-Muhit
2, 3, 4, 6, 11, 14, 15, 55(n1)
Kléber, General Jean-Baptiste
215, 225
Knight of Malta, (Jean-Auguste d’Angos)
213
Koenig, Rudolph (acoustical instrument maker)
180
Kohl, Max (scientific instrument maker)
181
Kohler & Volckmar (scientific instrument makers)
182
Kolkata, India
148
Konya, Turkey
110
Košice, Slovakia
232, 233, 239
Krätz, Otto
193
Kundt’s tube
186
al-kūniyā (triangular levelling instrument)
21, 23
al-kūniyā al-hawāʾiya (aerial kūniyā)
21, 23, 24, 25, 37
Kuo Shou-Ching (Chinese astronomer)
96, 97
Kurth, Mr.
239
Kütahya, Turkey
41, 42
Kuwait
40
Kuyucaklızade Muhammed Atıf
40
Kyriazidis, Professor
176
La Décade égyptienne
206, 224
La Hire, Philippe de
49(n17), 52
La Paz, Bolivia
165
Labassère, Hautes Pyrénées, France
248
laboratory
158, 159, 168, 169, 172, 173, 174, 176, 177, 178, 184, 186, 209, 217
Lacaille or La Caille, Nicolas Louis de
63, 64, 69
Lacoine, Émile (father of Maria Lacoine)
253
Lacoine, Maria (wife of Jean Verdoux)
253
Lalande, Jérôme
63, 64, 70, 71, 74, 213, 214
Laleli Mosque, Istanbul
43, 72
Lamy, E
209
Lane, Edward William
120
La Plata, Argentina
165
L’art de jetter les bombes (by François Blondel)
19
Laschott, Julius
239
Latin
68, 80, 86, 90, 91, 92, 94, 95, 97, 98, 99, 100, 102, 103, 118, 197
latitude
7, 8, 13, 70, 71, 78, 84, 94, 95, 113, 114, 216
cometary latitude
92
lunar latitude
127
planetary latitude
87, 91, 126, 127, 129, 130
stellar latitude
87, 91
Lavoisier, Antoine
214
lawyer
173
Le Corbusier
192
Le Monnier, Pierre Charles
63
Le Patriote (transport ship)
224
Le Père, Jacques-Marie
206, 222, 223
Lebanon
189
Lecoq Pasha, Joseph
251
Lefèvre-Gineau, Louis
220
Légion d’honneur, Chevallier de la (Verdoux)
252
Leipzig
17
Lemaire (clockmaker)
211
Lenoir, Étienne (scientific instrument maker)
210, 211, 214, 216
Lenoir, Paul-Étienne-Marie (son of Etienne Lenoir), Lenoir Jr.
211, 221, 222
lens
66, 142, 146, 210, 214, 230, 249
Lepère, Jean-Baptiste
220
Leroy, Jean-Baptiste
220(n48)
Les tables astronomiques (by Jacques Cassini)
72
Les tables portatives de logarithms (by Jean François Callet)
72
Les travaux de Mars ou l’art de la guerre (by Allain Manesson Mallet)
53
level (instrument)
21, 23, 25, 37, 67, 68, 188, 195, 200, 201, 202, 203, 219, 223, 247
bubble level
207, 211, 216, 219
levels (surveying), levelling
219
Levitski, Grigori
157, 158, 167
Leyden jar
179, 184
Lianopoulos, Georgios
177
Libra, first point of
135
library
61, 208, 209
Archaeology Museum Library, Istanbul
41, 42
Atatürk Library, Istanbul
41, 42
British Library, London
124
Central Library of Tehran University
123
Chester Beatty Library, Dublin
123
India Office Library, London
123
Istanbul University Rare Books Library
41, 42, 59, 60
Kandilli Observatory Library, Istanbul
41, 42, 96(n33)
Library of the Imperial School of Engineering, Istanbul
39, 54, 58
Majlis Library of Iran
124
Malik National Library, Tehran
123
Maulana Azad Library, Aligarh Muslim University, India
147
Millet Library, Istanbul
41, 42
Mulla Firuz Library, Mumbai
124
National Library of Iran, Tehran
124
Süleymaniye Library, Istanbul
41, 42, 60
Topkapı Palace Museum Library, Istanbul
41, 42, 60
Vahidpaşa Public Library, Kutahaya, Turkey
41, 42, 46
Vatican Library
143
Yıldız Palace Library, Istanbul
60, 61
Libya
189, 198, 199
Lignères, John
97(n35)
Ligue maritime française
256
Lill, Johan (baker)
163
limelight
229, 230, 231, 236
Lithuania
162
logarithms
48, 64, 65, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 77
London, England
67, 68, 81, 115, 123, 124, 149, 161, 182, 229, 230, 231, 233, 234, 244, 245
longitude
214, 216
celestial
84, 92, 94
geographical or terrestrial
123, 139, 140
lunar
127
mean
127, 130, 133, 134, 136, 137, 139
planetary
87, 91, 122, 123, 126, 127, 128, 130, 131, 133, 136, 140
solar
70, 71, 133, 136
stellar
87, 91, 133
true
123, 130, 133, 133(n33), 134, 137, 139, 141
Lorch, Richard
91, 94, 95, 96, 103
Lowell lectures
165
Lubāb Iskandarī (by Kāshānī)
132(n29)
Lugat-ı Tarihiyye ve Coğrafiyye (Dictionary of History and Geography)
54
lunar month
12, 13
Lunkenheimer, Dr.
165
Lycée Impérial Ottoman de Galata-Sérai, Istanbul
253
Macelwane, James B.
165
machine
35, 89
Atwood
180
calculating (pinwheel)
232, 233, 234
centrifugal
180
electrical
180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 246, 254
hydraulic
224
industrial
209, 221, 223, 224, 225
madrasa
43, 45, 58, 102, 109, 110
Madytos, Greece
179
Magdeburg hemispheres
180
magician
230, 231
magic lantern
184, 229, 230, 233, 234, 235, 238, 239
magic lantern slides
184, 230, 231, 233–239
magnet, magnetic, magnetism
35, 36, 159, 186, 229, 241
magnetic compass
,
see compass
magnetic declination
10, 11, 11(n40), 14, 15, 95, 117
magnetic needle
35, 37, 95, 118, 120
thermoelectric magnet
186
Mahmud II, Sultan
43, 60(n21)
Maimua Shamsi (Solar System by Mualavi Abol-Kheyr)
147, 148
Mallet, Allain Manesson
53
Malta
213, 215, 220
Mamluk, Mameluke
115, 206, 212, 222, 227
Mandeleney, André
180
manufacturer
184, 240, 244, 247, 255
map, mapping
,
cartography
118, 120, 163, 207, 213, 214, 216, 217, 219, 227, 247
market
14, 56, 114, 159, 161, 162, 163, 196, 198, 230, 243, 244, 251, 252, 255
marketing strategies
154, 162, 167
Margarita philosophica nova (by Gregor Reisch)
81
mariners (sailors, seamen)
1, 3, 6, 14, 15, 55,71, 77, 78, 252
Marinovich, A
243, 246
Maritime Arsenal, Istanbul
57, 59
Marrakesh
115
al-Marrākushī (Abū ʿAlī al-Hasan ibn ʿAlī ibn ʿUmar al-Marrākushī
23, 109
Mars
123, 130, 133, 134, 138, 140, 151
Marseilles
215, 244
Masing, Hugo
154, 155, 156, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167
material culture
23, 80, 192, 240
mathematical
19, 24, 33, 54, 64, 65, 73, 109, 110
astronomy
88, 120
knowledge
59, 65
practice, practitioner
110, 115, 188, 203, 204
sciences
2, 43, 53, 221
symbols
65, 71, 73
treatise
16, 18
tables
59, 69
texts or works
40, 63, 69, 71
mathematician
20, 40, 59, 63, 110, 122, 146, 147, 213
mathematics
29, 39, 40, 48, 52, 53, 56, 59, 64, 71, 72, 77, 109, 110, 111, 171, 177, 204, 247
Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary
91
Maulavi Abol-Kheyr
147
Mazo, Eli, of Paris
184
mean motions, table of
127, 130, 132, 133, 136, 137, 139
measurement, units and standards of
20, 192, 196, 197, 211, 214, 223
Christian and Islamic
20
Mecca
55, 118, 119, 198
Méchain, André
213
Méchain, Jérôme-Isaac (son of André Méchain)
213
mechanics, mechanical
56, 157 159 160, 167, 177, 180, 207, 211, 222
mechanical workshop
154, 159, 167, 207, 220, 221, 223, 225, 226
Mecmuʿa-i Resail-i Saʿidiyye
42
Mecmuaʿ-i Ulum-ı Riyaziye (Compendium of Mathematical Sciences, by Hoca İshak Efendi)
53
medical
142, 212, 247, 249, 252, 253
Mediterranean
1, 4, 11, 204, 219, 227, 237
Eastern Mediterranean
187, 189, 192, 203
Mediterranean Atlas (by Ali ibn Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Sharfi)
6
Mehadia, Romania
234
Mehmed Ali Bey, Prince
238
Mehmed Ali Pasha, Mushir of Tophane
235
Mehmed Emin Vahid Efendi
46
Mehmed Sadık bin Mehmed Emin Cihangiri
41, 47
Mehmed/Muhammed Sadık Cihangiri (astrologer, d. 1812)
47(n14)
Mehmed Said Efendi (manuscript author, d. 1767)
40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 52(n18)
Mehmed Said Efendi (ambassador to France, d. 1761)
52, 52(n18)
Mehmet II, Sultan
1, 100, 110, 114
Mehmet III, Sultan
115
Melloni’s apparatus
180
Memoire della Guerra (by Raimondo Montecuccoli)
53
Menou, General Jacques-François de
225, 226, 228
merchant
17, 102, 168, 169, 173, 208, 210
mercury (metal)
67, 69, 220, 224
Mercury (planet)
127, 130, 137, 147
meridian
8, 95, 97, 120, 210, 214
Paris Meridian
213
Merrick, James Lyman
150, 151, 152
Messageries Maritimes
244
metallurgical tests
160, 202
meteorology, meteorological
160, 175, 214, 247
metre bar, standard metre
211, 223
metrology, metrological
187, 188, 191, 192, 195, 203
First International Congress for Historical Metrology, Zagreb
191
history of metrology
192, 193
Metz, France
212
Meudon, France
208, 212, 224, 225
Mevlana Hamdullah Ibn Şeyh Cemaleddin
3
Michel, Henri
93, 94
micrometer (for a telescope)
210, 211, 213
microscope
184, 229, 231
mikyas
,
sector
43
military
39, 56, 59, 60, 64, 78, 102, 149, 168, 208, 210, 211, 212, 215, 216, 223, 226, 227, 240, 242, 250, 251, 253, 254
Military Academy, Istanbul
56, 250
Military Engineers, Corps of, French
208, 212, 215, 216
al-mimsaḥa al-mustaʿmila fī misāḥat al-arḍ (land surveying instrument)
21
mine (surveying, blasting, digging of, etc.)
19, 25, 29, 35, 37
mineralogy
175
minerals, collection of
169
Ministry of Military Supplies, Ottoman
254
Ministry of Posts and Telegraphs, Ottoman
253, 254
Ministry of Public Instruction, Ottoman
252
Ministry of Public Works, Ottoman
252
Ministry of War, French
208
Ministry of War, Ottoman
251
al-minqala
,
protractor
21
minute (of arc)
66, 67, 70, 73, 126, 128, 131, 141, 217
mīqāti (specialists in spherical astronomy and astronomical timekeeping)
109, 111
al-miqyās (scale or unit of measurement)
21
miqyās niṣf al-dhirāʿ (half cubit scale)
21, 22
Mir Abd al-Latif Khan Shoushtari
149
Mir David
118
Mir Mohammad Hossein Isfahani
147
mirʾā (mirror)
25, 29
Mirʾat-ı Kâinat (The Mirror of the Universe, by Seydi Ali bin Hüseyin )
1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15
Mirʾatü’l-Memalik (The Mirror of Countries, by Seydi Ali bin Hüseyin)
3, 4
Mirat-ı Alem (Mirror of the Universe, by Seyyid Ali Pasha)
74
mirror
25, 29, 216
Mirza Abdollah Isfahani
146
Mirza Abu Taleb Khan Isfahani
149
Mirza ʿAzima Iksir
118
Mirza Masoud-e Ansari
150
Mirza Saleh Shirazi
149
missionary
146, 150
Missionary Fathers convent
214
al-misṭara (straight edge)
21
misṭara al-muwāzāt
,
ruler, parallel rulers
21
model
37, 98, 110, 121, 159, 211, 212, 213
geocentric model of the universe
74
heliocentric model of the universe
74
modernisation
40, 64, 76, 227
Mohammad Salih Gazvini
146
Moiin Mosavvar
144
Molard, Claude-Pierre
221
Moldavia
234
Molteni, Antoine (scientific instrument maker)
184
Monge, Gaspard
208, 212, 217
monocle
249
Montecuccoli, Raimondo
53
Montreal, Canada
187, 191, 190, 195
moon
146, 147, 148, 150
moons of Jupiter
146, 147, 217
moons of Saturn
147
Moon, the
91, 94, 115, 127, 130, 146, 147, 150, 216
Morand, Morand’s café (Café Louvre)
251
Morocco
115, 162
Morse telegraph
180
Morton, Nicholas
102
Morveau, Guyton de
220(n48), 223
Moscow, University of
156
Mosel, River
81
mosque
43, 72, 108, 109, 110, 114
Mossy (scientific instrument maker)
209(n10)
Mouqfar, Egypt
219
mucayyab
,
sine quadrant
55
muezzin
111, 112
Mufassal logaritma (Complete logarithms)
64
Müftizade Palabıyık Mehmed Efendi
45(n11)
Muğlalı Mehmed Efendi (copyist)
41, 45
Muhadarat, Muhadarat-ı Feyzi (Feyzi’s discourse)
58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 69, 71, 73, 77, 78
Muhammad, Prophet
64, 198
Muḥammad al-Aqkirmānī
29
Muhammad Ali Pasha
237, 238
Muhammad al-Jawharī
113
Muhammad al-Wafai
,
see Iz al-din b. Muhammad al-Wafai
Muhammad b. Fattūh al-Khamāʾirī
108(n1)
Muhammad Husayn
120
Muhammad Mahdī al-Yazdī
118
Muhammad Muqīm al-Yazdī
118
Muhammad Saʿid Pasha, Prince
237, 238
Muhammad Sami
10
Mühendishane-i Berri-i Hümayun
,
see Imperial School of Engineering, Istanbul
39, 53, 54, 56
Muhit, el-
,
see Kitabü’l-Muhit
Muʿīn al-Munajjim Kāshānī
,
see ʿAbd al-Razzāq ibn Muḥammad
124
Mukai Ahmad al-Mansūr, Sultan
115
müneccimbaşı (timekeeper/astrologer)
56
munejjim (astronomer/astrologer)
6, 10, 15
Munich, Germany
232, 233
Muscat, Oman
214
Musée des Arts et Métiers, Paris
232
Museum of Science and Industry, Chicago
161
music
230, 231, 232, 235, 238
Muslim
,
Islamic
20, 55, 74, 99, 102, 118, 147, 242, 248
Mustafa b. Muhammed
4
Mustafa bin Ali el-Muwaqqit
7
Mustafa IV, Sultan
76
Mustafa Reşid Pasha
237
Mustafa Sıdkı Efendi
49(n17), 52
Muuga, Jaan
159
muwaqqit (mosque astronomer/timekeeper)
6, 10, 43, 108, 109, 111, 112
muwaqqitkhane (timekeeping office)
55
Nahda (renaissance, in Egypt)
228
Nahide Işık Demirakın
249
Napoleon in Egypt. Al-Jabarti’s Chronicle of the French Occupation 1798 (by Abd al-Raḥmān Jabartī)
217(n40)
Napoleon, Napoleonic
,
Bonaparte
207, 227, 228
Nasīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī
93
National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington
190
National Museum of Science and Technology, Ottawa
,
Ingenium
187, 188, 191, 194
National Theatre, Budapest
232
Natural History (by Pliny the Elder)
100
natural philosophy
88, 149, 169
Nauru Island (Central Pacific)
165
Navadir al-Olum (by Mohammad Salih Gazvini)
146
Naval Academy, Nikolajevsk
155, 158
Naval School, Imperial (Ottoman)
252
Navarino, battle of
169
Neumann, Reverend Manuel
165
navigation
1, 3, 4, 6, 11, 13, 37, 48, 117
celestial or astronomical
57, 65
navigator
2, 11, 13, 14, 35, 36, 68
navy
57, 61, 74, 79, 169, 238, 252
French navy
210, 212, 213
Ministry of the Navy, France
212
Minister of the Navy, Ottoman
251
Needham, Joseph
96, 97
needle
,
see compass needle
Nelson, Admiral Horatio
225
Nequam, Alexander
112
Netherlands, The
162
Neuer Cursus Mathematicus (by Bernard Forest de Bélido)
18
Neugard, Evald
159
Nicholas de Heybech
97, 98
Nicholas of Cusa
81, 82, 97, 98
Nile, River
219, 239
Nilometer (mekyas)
219
niṣf al-dāʾira (half circle)
25, 28, 29
niṣf dāʾira li-ramī al-khumbara (half circle for the throwing of bombs)
30
Noir & Forster (scientific instrument makers)
182
Nörlund
161
Norry, Charles
217
Notre Dame cathedral
220(n48)
Nouet, Nicolas-Antoine
213, 215, 216, 217, 218, 220
Nouveau cours de mathématique (by Bernard Forest de Bélidor)
18
numerals
abjad numerals
8, 10
Arabic
72, 114, 197, 198
European or Latin
197, 198
Nuremberg, Germany
81, 97, 98, 114
Nuzha al-Ḥadāʾiq (Excursion to the Gardens, by Kāshānī)
122, 123, 126, 127, 128, 129, 132, 133, 136, 139, 140
obliquity of the ecliptic
,
see ecliptic
observatory
149, 214, 217, 227
Cairo Observatory
216, 217
Imperial Chinese observatory
96
Istanbul Observatory
7
Kharkiv Observatory, Ukraine
157
Malta Observatory
213, 215
Maragha Observatory, Iran
93, 94, 95(n31)
Naval Observatory, Marseilles
215
Observatorio Astronómico, La Plata, Argentina
165
Observatory of San Calixto, La Pas, Bolivia
165
observatory of Ulugh Beg
122
Osservatorio Ximeniano, Florence
164
Paris Observatory
208, 213
Samarkand Observatory
122
University of Tartu Observatory
154, 157, 158, 159
octant
57
Odessa
158, 234, 236
office materials
209
officer (army, naval, etc.)
52, 60, 78, 207, 212, 213, 216, 217, 220, 250, 251
Old World
187
Oman, Sultanate of
214
opera, Italian
235
opera glasses
252
opposition, astronomical
97, 217
optician, opticien
186, 229, 231, 241, 242, 247, 248, 249, 251, 252
optics
175, 180, 210
orbit
132, 137
of the Moon, lunar orbit
127
of Mercury
127
organ pipe
181
Orlov, Aleksandr
158, 167
orrery
149
oscillation (period of, axis of)
157, 159
oscilloscope
186
Osman Efendi
16–38
Ottawa
187, 191, 194
Ottoman
6, 26, 17, 26, 39, 40, 51, 52, 54, 60, 61, 62, 75, 78, 96, 100, 115, 121, 123, 195, 199, 226, 227, 240, 241, 249, 250, 251, 255
Archives
249, 253
army
58, 60, 61, 76, 253
court
114, 240
Empire, domains, lands, regions, territories
7, 16, 25, 29, 37, 52, 54, 55, 64, 102, 111, 142, 168, 170, 175, 187, 192, 195, 197, 198, 201, 203, 204, 206, 214, 227, 228, 229, 235, 236, 237, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 248, 252, 255
engineer
55, 73
fleet
1, 3
instrument
14, 189, 190, 195, 201
literature, manuscripts, texts, treatises
6, 7, 14, 54, 61, 71, 73
market
14, 114, 251, 255
mathematician, mathematics
54, 71, 77
modernisation
76
nautical astronomy
2, 12
navy
57, 78. 169
period, times
40, 54, 114, 189, 197, 202
sailors. seamen, mariners
1, 3, 14, 15, 55
science
16, 240
state, statesman
52, 115, 248, 251
Sultan
61, 110, 115, 168
Turkey
39, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 77
Ottomans
14, 36, 37, 39, 43, 54, 55, 57, 70, 74, 170, 189, 199, 226, 240, 241, 242, 244, 245, 249
Oxford University, England
149
painter
61, 207, 231, 232, 233, 237
painting, painted
81, 113, 144, 218, 231, 233, 234, 235, 236, 238, 239
paintings
100, 143, 194, 195, 237
Palamas, Grigorios
172
Palatinate
213
Pallados School for girls
171
Panthéon
220(n48)
pantograph
211
Papin digester
181
parabolic reflector
179
parallax (in astronomy)
69, 74, 214
parallel ruler
21, 37
Paris, France
72, 80, 90, 97, 100, 102, 103, 181–184, 195, 207, 208, 209, 211, 212, 213, 215, 220, 226, 228, 232, 233, 238, 244, 245, 249, 254
Pate, Master
116
patent
68, 232
Patriarchate
168, 169, 173, 175
Peluse, Egypt
219
pendulum
157, 159
compound pendulum
209
horizontal pendulum
157, 158
Rebeur-Paschewitz pendulum
157
seconds pendulum
180
Stückrath heavy pendulum
157
Zöllner heavy pendulum
157
Zöllner pendulum
157, 164
Pera, Istanbul
173, 245, 246, 248, 249, 251
Pera Museum
200
perch (qaḍīb, a proposed unit of length)
20
pergar-ı nisbe, pergar-ı nisbiyy, pergarü’n-nisbe
(
sector
)39, 41, 42, 43, 45, 53
Pergar-ı nisbetin aʿmali ve bazı bürhanı beyanındadır (On the Uses and Some Proofs of the Sector)
41, 42
periodic table
185
Persia, Persian
115, 117, 119, 120, 128, 162
Persian (language)
6, 11, 14, 26, 46, 122, 123, 128, 129, 143, 145, 146, 147, 149, 150
Peter of Limoges, canon of Evreux
92
Petrovic, George, original name Djordje Petrović
,187–205
A Vision of the Future (exhibition of Petrovic’s paintings)
188, 194
publications of
193
Phanar (a district of Istanbul, modern Fener)
173
Phanar Greek Orthodox College, Istanbul
170, 171, 172, 178–181, 182, 185
Phantasmagoria
236
pharmacy, pharmacist
173, 180, 209, 247
Philological Society, Greek, of Constantinople
169, 171
philosophy, philosopher
35, 81, 147, 149, 229
natural philosophy
88, 149, 169
phonograph
183, 254
photograph, photographic
157, 163, 165, 239
physics
4, 155, 158, 159, 160, 161, 169, 170, 171, 172, 175, 176, 177, 178, 184, 185, 241, 247, 252
cabinet of physics
180, 209, 217
experimental physics
171, 172, 173, 176, 186
physics laboratory
158, 173, 174, 177
physiology
160
pi (π)
122
Piccolomini, Enea Silvio, Pope Pius II
100
Pikkand, Eduard
159
Piri Reis
1, 13, 37
plane table
26, 29, 37, 78, 210, 211, 216, 217, 223
planet, planetary
74, 87, 91, 92, 122, 123, 126–140 141, 146, 147, 148, 150
planetarium
179
Planetary Equatorium of Jamshīd Ghīyāth al-Dīn al-Kāshī, The (by E. S. Kennedy)
123
Pliny the Elder
100
Plovdiv, Bulgaria
202
plumb line, plumb bob
8, 23, 31, 34, 84, 188, 189, 195, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203
pneumotachometer (for studying respiration)
160
poet, poetry
118, 142
Poirier, L. (French optician in Istanbul)
248
Poland
23
pole (north, south, or celestial)
8, 118
Poltava (Ukraine)
158
Pompey’s Pillar, Alexandria
223
Pomponius Mela
100
Pope, The
100
portrait
,101, 144, 237
of Feyzi Bey
58, 60, 61, 62, 65, 66, 67, 68
Portugal, Portuguese
1, 11
Poulle, Emmanuel
88, 99
Praetorius, Johann
81(n3)
prayer
,45, 46, 120
times of
55, 64, 71, 78, 109, 112, 113, 114, 218
precession
74
precision
67, 78, 93, 159, 167, 211, 221–224, 247, 252
Prešov, Slovakia
233
press (newspapers)
231, 233
priest
146
printing, printed
23, 37, 72, 81, 111, 114, 148, 207, 238, 247
printing material
208, 209
printing press
72, 100, 165, 208, 217
privatdozent
155
Prizren, Kosova (in the former Yugoslvia)
196
Prony, Gaspard Clair François Marie Riche de
213, 225
proportion, theories of
192
protractor
21, 211
Ptolemy
3, 94, 130, 143
Ptolemaic ruler
94, 97(n35)
Ptolemaic system, planetary theory
74, 127(n16), 130, 131, 132, 133, 140, 141
public bath (ḥammām)
33, 35
Pulkovo (St Petersburg)
157, 158
pulse time recorder
160
pyramid
220(n49)
Great Pyramid of Giza
217, 219, 220
pyrometer
224
Pythagoras theorem
29
al-Qalqashandi
109
Qansuh al-Ghurī, Sultan
115
Qawshajī, ʿAlī see ʿAlī bin Muhammad al-Qawshajī
qibla (direction of Mecca)
10, 11, 13, 55, 113, 118, 119, 120, 218
qiblanuma (qibla indicator)
11, 117, 118, 119, 120, 131
quadrant
55, 56, 78, 94, 114, 120, 131, 214, 216
astrolabe quadrant
2, 4, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14
azimuth quadrant
210
gunner’s quadrant
37, 38
quadrant of altitude
8
sine quadrant
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 25, 29, 30, 31, 37, 43, 55
wooden quadrant, Ottoman
1, 7, 55, 56, 67, 74, 78
Quénot, François-Marie
213, 215, 216
Quṭb al-dīn al-Shirāzī
23
Rafael
,
Du-Mans, Raphael
146
Rami Bey
251
Ramsden, Jesse
67, 68, 183
Ras El Tin palace
237
rectangulus (of Richard of Wallingford)
92
Red Sea
219
reflecting circle
210, 214, 216
repeating circle
215
reforms, military
64, 168, 169
refraction, atmospheric
64, 69, 70, 73, 74, 219
Regiomontanus
80, 86, 89, 90, 90(n22), 91, 92, 93, 95, 98, 107
registration (galvanometric, mechanical, photographic)
157
regula latitudinum
84, 88
Reichstag, German
100
Reisch, Gregor
81
religion, religious
58, 109, 112, 168, 206, 229, 236
repair, repairer, repairing (of scientific instruments)
56, 76, 170, 207, 211, 220, 223, 243, 246, 247
Repsold (of Hamburg, scientific instrument maker)
157
Resale-I dar Esbat-e Heyʾat-e Jadid (Treatise on the Proof of Modern Astronomy, by Abu Taleb ibn Hassan Hosseini Safavi)
147
resonators, Helmholtz
180
retailer
183, 240, 241, 242, 243, 245, 246, 252, 255
retailers of instruments in Istanbul
240, 255
Adjarian, H. and Ghazarossian, A.
245, 246
Armao, P. J.
245, 246
Caracas, L. P.
245, 247
Copello, J. B.
245, 247
Marinovich, A.
243, 246
Schapira, I.
245
Schapira, J.
245, 247
Urgliavich, Antoine or Urglievich, Anton
242, 243, 245, 246
Urgliavich, Madame
243, 246
Vitalis, E, et Cie.
246, 247
Verdoux, J.
186, 240, 246–256
Révolutions de Constantinople (by Antoine Juchereau)
76
Reza Abbasi
143, 144
Rhoda (island in the River Nile near Cairo)
219
Riaz ol-Olama (by Mirza Abdollah Isfahani)
146
Richard of Wallingford, Abbot of St. Albans
92
Richer, Jean-François (scientific instrument maker)
209(n10), 211
Ridwan al-Falaki
207(n7)
Rifāʾa al-Tahtāwī
228
riot, rioter
206, 207, 217, 221
Risāla fī maʿrifat al-abʿād, (Treatise on the knowledge of distances, by Muḥammad al-Aqkirmānī)
29
Risale-i Ceyb, (by Seydi Ali bin Hüseyin)
5
Risale-i Daʾire-i Muaddil (Treatise on the equatorial circle, by Seydi Ali bin Hüseyin)
4, 10
Risale-i irtifa (Treatise for Altitude)
60
Risale-i İstiʿmal-i Pergarü’n-Nisbet (Treatise on the Use of the Sector)
41, 49
Risale-i Mukantarat, (by Seydi Ali bin Hüseyin)
4, 5
Risale-i Pergarü’n-Nisbet (Treatise on the Sector)
40, 41, 46, 47, 49
Risale-i Rub-ı Müceyyeb (Treatise on the sine quadrant, by Seydi Ali bin Hüseyin)
4, 5
Risale-i Şerh-i Pergarü’n-Nisbe (Commentary on the Sector)
41, 45
Risale-i Usturlab (Treatise on the Astrolabe, by Seydi Ali bin Hüseyin)
4
Risale-i Zatü’l-Kürsi (Treatise on the Celestial Globe, by Seydi Ali bin Hüseyin)
4, 5
Risale-ye Elm ol-Nojum (A Treatise on Astronomical Science, by James Lyman Merrick)
150, 151, 152
Rochette (scientific instrument supplier)
209(n10)
Rohrbeck’s Nachfolger, W. J. (scientific instrument makers)
181, 182
Romania
Academy of Sciences of Romania
166
Société de Physique de Roumanie
166
Rome
146, 208
Rorweger, of London
245
Rosetta, Egypt
216, 221, 225
Roth, David
232
Roth, Imrich Emmanuel
229–239
Royal Polytechnic Institute, London
230, 231
Royal Theatre, Budapest
233
al-rubʿ al-mujayyab (sine quadrant)
,
quadrant
25, 29
Ruhmkorff coil
183
ruler, rule
,21, 22, 29, 32, 91, 124ff, 188, 192, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 202, 223, 252
arshin (a Serbian type of rule)
196, 197, 198
endaze (a Serbian type of rule)
196, 197
parallel ruler
21, 37
weaver’s rule
196, 197, 203
Russia, Russian
142, 149, 157, 158, 162, 227, 234, 244
Russian revolution
160
Russo-Ottoman treaty
227
Rüstem Paşa (a madrasa)
45
al-Sāʾigh, Hasan
110
Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith, Rome
208
Sadi, also Saʿdi (translator)
41, 45
Safavid
117, 119, 142, 143
saffārīyat
,
Ibn al-Sāffar
108
Saint George of Kremnos, Monastery of, Halki, Turkey
177
Saint Louis University, Missouri, Department of Geophysics
165
Saint-Priest, Comte de
57(n7)
Salih Murad Özdilek
71(n44)
Salih Zeki
71(n44)
sailors
,
see mariners
Samarkand
110, 111(n12), 122, 124
sandūq or sandūq al-yawāqīt, (a form of sundial)
112, 113
Sarton, George
93
Saturn
123, 130, 133, 147, 150, 152
Saulfarar Efendi
237
Sautter, Harlé & Cie
254, 255
savant, (Oriental, Egyptian)
207, 228
Savart, Nicolas
211
Savoy, France
213
Savoyard
229
Saxony, Germany
23
Sayili, Aydın
143
scale (measuring instrument)
21, 22, 37, 66, 67, 68, 114, 119, 120, 195, 211
Schapira, I.
245, 247
Schapira, J.
245
Scholarios, Patriarch Gennadios
170
school
159, 168, 170, 178, 182, 186, 247, 255
Arsakeion Girls’ School, Athens
174
Commercial School of Halki
171
elementary school
169, 173, 174
girls’ school
169, 171, 173, 174, 175
Greek Lyceum of Chatzihristou
171
Greek school
180, 182, 185, 186
high school (gymnasium)
169, 170, 173, 175, 181
Imperial School of Engineering, Istanbul
39, 43, 53, 54, 56, 58, 59, 63, 64, 66, 67, 72, 74, 76, 77
military high school
56
modern school
142, 150
Pallados School for girls
171
Phanar Greek Orthodox College, (Great School of the Nation), Istanbul
170, 171, 172, 178–181, 185
School of Geometry, Maritime Arsenal, Istanbul
57
School of the Virgin Mary, Istanbul, later Zografeion high school
173
school regulations
175, 176
technical school
212
Theological School of Halki, Turkey
170, 175–178, 184, 186
Zappeion School (for girls), Istanbul
170, 171, 173, 174, 182, 183, 184, 186, 246
Zografeion School, Istanbul
170, 173, 174, 181–184, 186, 252
Schulze, Bernhard
157
science
history of
142, 195
modern
16, 142, 147, 149, 150, 153, 169
natural
169, 170, 171, 229
science of the stars (ilm-i nücum)
2, 3, 5, 6, 11, 14
popular
239
Western, European
143, 147, 228
Science and Invention (magazine)
164
Science Museum, London
161
scientific equipment or product scientific instrument
229, 242
scientist
142, 160, 166, 167, 207, 208, 212, 215, 222
scriptures
111
sea
3, 4, 11, 68, 71, 77, 117, 118, 214, 216, 219, 237
seal
60, 61, 62
seamen
,
see mariners
sector (mathematical instrument)
,
Pergar-ı Nisbe
39, 40, 42–47, 49, 51, 53, 54
Line of Chords, Metals, Planes, Polygons, Solids (on a sector)
43, 48, 49, 51
Sefaretname-yi Rifaʾat Bey, (by Rifāʾa al-Tahtāwī)
228
seismograph, seismographic
154, 155, 157, 159, 160, 161, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167
Anderson and Wood torsion seismograph
161
Bosch seismograph
162
Cambridge and Paul seismograph
161
Golitsyn seismograph
157, 158, 161, 166
Golitsyn-Vilip seismograph
154, 155, 156, 158, 161, 162, 163, 166, 167
horizontal seismograph
158
Milne-Shaw seismograph
162
seismographic commission (of the Russian Academy of Sciences)
157
vertical seismograph
158, 159
Wiechert seismograph
162
seismology, seismologist
154, 155, 157, 158, 164, 167
Cartuja (Granada) seismological station
165
central seismological committee (of the Russian Imperial Academy of Science)
158
Fordham University seismological station
165
Kharkiv Observatory seismological station
157
Pulkovo seismological station
158
seismological conference, Manchester
158
Seismological Observatory of Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.
161
seismological station
157, 161, 163
Tartu seismological station
157
United States Seismological Society East Wing
165
Şekerzade Feyzullah
71, 73
Selim III, Sultan
58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 66, 67, 76, 77, 227(n79)
Seljuk Turks
101, 102
semis (half circle)
84, 88
Serbia, Serbian
189, 192, 199, 200, 241
architecture, house
191, 192, 195, 204
Serbian language
187, 191, 193
Serenissima Signoria of Venice
115
Sermet Muhtar Alus
248, 249, 250, 251
Serres, Macedonia
111
Seven Years’ War
229
Seville, Spain
80, 90, 108(n1)
sextant
55–61, 63, 65–71, 73, 77, 78
Seydi Ali bin Hüseyin, also known as Katib-i Rumi, Galatali, Seydi Ali Reis, Seydi Ali Kapudan or Seydi Ali Çelebi
1–15, 55(n1), 96
Seyyid Abdürrahim Muhibb Efendi
226
Seyyid Ali Pasha
74
Seyyid Mustafa
64
shadow square (for trigonometric calculations)
7
Shah ʿAbbas I (the Great)
117
Shams al-Dīn Muhammad ibn Abi al-Fath al-Sūfī
113
Sharḥ Nukhbat al-Tuffāḥa fī ʿilm al-misāḥa (by ʿAbd al-laṭīf b. Aḥmad al-Dimashqī)
24, 29
Shaykh the imam
,
see ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn b. al-Shātir
113
shipbuilding
227
ship, shipping
57, 78, 99, 116, 209, 210, 214, 224, 234, 239, 244, 254
Shiraz, Iran
139, 140
shop
52, 159, 240, 241, 242, 243, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 251, 252, 255
showmen, travelling
,229, 236, 239
Sibiu, Romania
234
Sienese
100
Siilbaum, Paul
159
sine
30, 71, 122
sine tables
(
mathematical tables
)29, 30, 31
silver
10, 115, 116, 121, 214, 219
siren, Helmholtz double
180
slide, magic lantern
184, 230, 231, 233, 235–239
Slovakia
232, 233
smith (metalworker)
222
Smyrna
168
Société de Géographie
256
Société de Physique de Roumanie
166
Société des lunetiers Muneaux, Videpied & Cie, Paris
244
Société générale des téléphones et des usines Rattier
255
Société internationale des électriciens
246, 256
social
178, 187, 192, 195, 204, 206, 228, 229, 236, 242, 249, 250, 251
society
109, 114, 143(n3), 228, 234, 239
sociological
241
solar parallax (correction to sextant observation)
69, 74
solar radius (correction to sextant observation)
69, 71, 74
sonometer
180, 183
Spain
23, 103, 213
Spanish (language)
24, 116
Spatharis, Professor Andreas
171, 172, 173, 180
spectacles
,
eyeglasses
144, 229, 241, 244, 246, 249, 251, 255
spectrometer, spectroscope
181, 186
sphere, celestial
84
Spindler & Hoyer, Göttingen
164
Split, Croatia
189, 199, 200
square, set square (mathematical instrument)
223, 252
St Cloud, William
87(n15)
St James’s Theatre, London
231
St Nikolaus-Hospital, Bernkastel-Kues, Germany
81
St Petersburg
157, 158, 160
St Xavier College, Cincinnati, USA
165
stakes (khashabāt for surveying)
25, 29
star, stellar (in astronomy)
3, 4, 5, 6, 11, 13, 14, 64, 77, 87, 91, 92, 146, 214, 217
star (symbol)
61, 62, 63
Stassinopoulos, Stylianos
177
stationery
246, 247, 253
Stavropoleos, Metropolitan Bishop of (Konstantinos Tipaldos)
176
Stone, Edmund
40(n2), 51
Strasbourg
81
University of Strasbourg
155
student
57, 64, 89, 142, 143, 149, 155, 158, 171, 172, 173, 175, 177, 179, 211, 213, 215, 228
Stylianidis, Kleonimos
172
Sublime Porte
168
Suez
1, 206, 219
Suleiman I, Sultan
3, 4
Süleyman Nutki Bey
78
Sultan
59, 61, 62, 112, 115, 168, 203, 227, 240, 253, 255
Valide Sultan (Sultan’s mother)
235
Sun, the
10, 13, 14, 55, 57, 64, 65, 68, 69, 70, 77, 78, 109, 115,126, 127, 129, 130, 132, 133, 138, 139, 216, 216, 218, 237
solar
12, 13, 14, 55, 69, 70, 71, 74, 90, 126, 129, 132, 133, 134, 136, 137, 138, 147, 184, 198
sundial
96, 108–121, 131, 218
sunspots
146, 147, 150
Surat, India
1
surveying
19, 21, 25, 29, 39, 43, 47, 49, 68, 203, 206, 207, 210, 211, 214, 216, 217, 219, 223, 247
surveyor
20, 25, 219
surveyor’s chain
21
surveyor’s half circle
37
surveyor’s pole
219
Swann, Peter, President of the Association of Cultural Executives in Montreal
190
Swinger, L. H. W.
165
Syria
102, 223
syzygy
97
Szeged, Hungary
234
al-ṭabla (table, plane table)
25, 26, 27
Tabriz, Iran
110
tabula aequinoctialis
84, 88
tabula horizontalis
84, 88
tabula orbis signorum
, (celestial longitude,
see longitude
)84
Talleyrand (Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord)
227(n79)
Takhlīs al-ibrīz fi talkhīs Bārīz (The fineness of Gold: a synopsis of Paris, by Rifāʾa al-Tahtāwī)
228
Tanzimat
168, 169, 228
Taqi al-Din
7, 47(n14), 56(n6)
Tarjome-ye Heya`t-e Jadid (translation of ‘Treatise on Modern Astronomy’)
150
Tartu, Estonia
154–160, 162, 167
Tartu Telephone Company
162
Tartu University
155, 156, 158, 160, 166, 167
Tartu University Press
165
Tata, Hungary
233
Taton, René
193
teacher, teaching
40, 52, 110, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 185, 250, 251, 253
teaching (of sciences)
43, 112, 160, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 175, 176, 177, 178, 180, 184, 186, 191, 227, 228
technical
40, 59, 63, 88, 98, 117, 120, 149, 150, 187, 203, 212, 242, 253
technician
40, 52, 248, 251
technology
115, 116, 147, 149, 190, 207, 228, 253
Tehran
123, 124
Tekeli, Sevim
96
telegraph, telegraphy
210, 225, 226, 244, 253, 254
aerial telegraph
225
Breguet and Betancourt’s telegraph
225
Chappe telegraph
225
Morse telegraph
180
telephone
162, 246, 254, 255
telescope
57(n10), 66, 67, 68, 69, 120, 142, 143, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 181, 183, 207, 209, 210, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 219, 221, 225, 226, 229, 241, 242, 252
achromatic telescope
209, 214, 215, 216
Dollond telescope
210, 211, 215
Herschel telescope
149
Newton’s telescope
147
tellurium
182, 183
temperature
158, 159, 223, 224
terazi, havai terazi
24, 200, 201, 202
Tesla apparatus
186
Tessier, Alexandre-Henri
220(n48)
theatre
231–236
theodolite
78, 252
theology, theological
168, 175, 177
Theological School of Halki, Turkey
170, 175–178, 184, 186
thermometer
176, 183, 186, 209, 247, 248, 252
Thessaloniki, Greece
196
Thomson, Elihu, electromagnetic device of
186
Thorndike, Lynn
86, 104
Thyssagetae (ancient people north of Anatolia)
100
time
10, 12, 13, 55, 70, 71, 111, 78, 109, 123 126, 128, 130, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 213, 218, 224
timekeeper
,
muwaqqit
6, 11, 40, 43, 55, 56, 68, 72, 78
timekeeping, time measurement
6, 13, 15, 47, 55, 56, 64, 71, 74, 77, 78, 109, 111, 112, 113, 115, 117, 213, 224
Timişoara, Romania
234
tinplate
223, 225
Tipaldos, Konstantinos, Metropolitan Bishop of Stavropoleos
176
Titl, Anton Emil (composer of music)
231
Toderini, Abbé Giambattista
57
Tohfat al-Alam (by Mir Abd al-Latif Khan Shoushtari)
149
toise (old unit of length)
20, 31
Toisé des dépenses (list of expenses), General Caffarelli’s
208, 215
Toledan Tables
86 (n11), 86(n12), 87, 88, 90
Tondorf, Reverend
161
tools
202, 203, 209, 216, 221, 222, 223
Tophane, Istanbul
198, 199, 235
Tophāne-i Āmire (the Imperial Foundry in Istanbul)
198
Topkapı Palace, Istanbul
41, 42, 60, 67, 235
topographer, topography, topographical
78, 179, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 215, 216, 217, 219, 222
Toronto, Canada
195
torquetum
,
see turketum
Torricelli
30
Tott, Baron de
57
Toulon, France
210, 220
Toulouse Tables
87
trade, trading
100, 117, 162, 163, 164, 242, 243, 245, 247, 255
trade catalogues
163, 167, 182, 184
trader, tradesman
52, 243, 251, 255
Traité de la construction et des principaux usages des instrumens de mathématique (by Nicolas Bion)
22, 26, 40, 43, 45(n9), 47, 48, 49(n17), 51, 52, 53, 54
Traité élémentaire de Physique (by A. Ganot)
169
translator
18, 40, 41, 45, 51, 53, 241
traveller
24, 52, 117, 142, 146, 149
travelogue, travel book
143, 149, 150(n20)
Treatise on Modern Astronomy (translated as Tarjome-ye Heya`t-e Jadid
)150
Treatise on the Sector (Risale-i Pergarü’n-Nisbet)
40, 41, 45, 47, 49
Trebizond, Turkey (modern Trabzon)
214
trigonometry, trigonometric
5, 7, 12, 13, 25, 31, 43, 55, 64, 71, 73, 220
tripod
26, 29
Tripoli
115
trisect an angle
69, 69(n42)
Trouvé, Gustave
255
tughra (monogram or signature of a Sultan)
61
Tünel Square, Istanbul
247, 248, 249
tuning fork, electrically maintained
186
Tunisia
189
Turcae, Tyrcae (ancient people living north of Anatolia)
100, 101
Türkengerät (instrument of the Turks)
98, 99
turketum, also written as torquetum, truqueti, trunqueti, or tarqueti (with variant endings)
80–107
Turkey
39, 40, 41, 42, 52, 54, 55, 56, 72, 73, 76, 97, 99, 101, 111, 162, 170, 185, 189, 200, 201, 214, 236, 241
Ottoman Turkey
39, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 77
Turkish
80, 97, 98, 100, 101, 102, 168, 178, 241
Turkish notables, Turkish lords
228, 241, 242
Turkish Republic
60
Turkish (language)
3, 6, 11, 14, 17, 24, 26, 36, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 46, 49, 51, 52, 56, 58, 71, 72, 73, 75, 78, 96, 98, 197, 201, 228
Turkmenistan
99
Turks
80, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102
Turkomans
,142
Turner, Anthony J.
84
Tychonic system
74, 143
Tynan, John
164, 165
Ukraine
157, 158
Ulugh Beg or Ulugh Bey
74, 110, 111(n12), 120, 122
unit, of measurement
20, 21, 192, 196, 197, 198
United States of America
157, 161, 162, 163, 165
universe, model of
74
university
,
see the name of the city
Urgliavich, Antoine or Urglievich, Anton
242, 243, 245, 246
Urgliavich, Madame (widow of Antoine Urgliavich)
243, 246
ustunc takımı
(drawing instruments,
see mathematical instruments
)54
al-usṭurlāb al-basīṭ, (simple astrolabe)
29
Usul-i Hendese (translation of Elements of Geometry by John Bonnycastle)
73
Uzun Hasan, Sultan
110, 142
vacuum pump
,
air pump
35
Valle, Pietro della
143, 145, 146
Vancouver, Canada
195
Vandermonde, Alexandre-Théophile
212
Vanek, Joseph
236
varnish
221, 223, 224
Vasfi, Mehmet
184, 185
Veliyyüddin (copyist)
45
Venice
100, 114, 115, 142
Venus
56(n6), 123, 127, 130, 133, 139, 140, 147, 140, 151
Verdoux, Jean
186, 240, 246–256
Verdoux’s optical shop
247–251
vernier scale
66, 67
Versailles, France
222
veterinarian
247
Vicar General, Baghdad
214
Viceroy (of Egypt)
237, 238
Vienna, Viennese
17, 91, 91(n24), 182, 231, 232, 241, 244, 245, 247
Vilip, Johan
155, 158, 159, 160, 161, 165, 166, 167
Vitalis, E.
246, 247
Vitez, János (Archbishop of Esztergom)
89
Volta’s electric lighter
184
al-Wafāʾī
,
see ʿAbd al-ʿAziz ibn Muhammad al-Wafāʾī al-Miqātī
war, warfare
6, 53, 76(n64), 149, 208, 221, 229, 251, 253
Anglo-Turkish War
76, 149
Greco-Turkish War
168
World War I
160, 162
World War II
185
watch (timepiece)
56, 114, 115, 117, 240, 246, 249
marine watch
209, 213, 214, 215, 216, 221
weapons
171, 222, 223
weaver’s rule (Serbian)
196, 197, 203
Weiller, Lazare
255
West, the
,
Europe
19, 37, 80, 95, 142, 187, 239
Western
,
European
16, 23, 36, 37, 102, 143, 147, 149, 150, 162, 228, 242
wheel
99, 222
windmill
222, 223
Winnipeg, Canada
195
Wolf, Rudolf
93
Wolff, Christian Freiherr von
19, 22, 25, 26, 29, 30
woodwork
,
see carpentry
workshop
52, 56, 154, 159, 160, 167, 175, 207, 209, 212, 220, 221, 222, 223, 225, 226, 240
workshop equipment and tools (bellows, forges, lathes, hammers etc.)
222, 255
Wright, Edward
115, 116, 117
writer
95, 99, 241, 242, 248
yard (a type of Serbian rule and unit of length)
197
Yedikule, Turkey
254
Yemen, Yemenite
102, 112
Yıldız Palace, Istanbul
60, 250, 254
Yugoslavia
187, 189, 192, 195, 196, 200
Zagreb
191
Zaječar, Serbia
191
Zappas, Constantine
173, 174
Zappeion School, Istanbul
170, 171, 173, 174, 182, 183, 184, 186, 247
Zappios Science Contest, Athens
171
Zarifis, Georgios
173
zatü’l-kürsi
(celestial globe,
see globe
)4, 5, 7, 8, 12, 14
zenith
8, 216
Zeynal-Din Lari
143, 146
zij
,
astronomical tables
10, 55, 74, 126, 127, 128, 130, 141
Zīj-i Khāqānī
132, 139, 140
zīj al-jadīd (by Ali Qushji)
110
zij of Ulugh Beg (or Ulugh Bey)
74, 120
Zinner, Ernst
98, 99
zodiac
8, 69, 70, 126, 135, 126, 218
Zografeion School, Istanbul
170, 173, 174, 181–184, 186, 252
Zografos, Christakis
173
zoology
175