Index
accountability
19
,
41
,
48
,
55
,
258 –260 281
dimensions of
73
,
137
,
249
,
258 –260 281
,
297 –301 306 –309 312 –315 319
in mandates
1
,
38
,
40
,
49 –50 171
,
323
of individuals
50
,
73
,
115
,
171
,
314
of states
260
,
313
recommendations for
258
,
267
,
281
,
298
adjudication (
see
see inquiry, key concepts
)
African Union
38
Aggression
17
,
26
,
30
,
36
,
65
,
69
,
102
,
174
,
270
Amnesties
83
,
282
,
292
applicable law
18
,
20
,
158 –160 162
,
168
,
173 –175 249
,
318 –319
arbitrary deprivation of life (
see
see international human rights law – right to life
)
arbitration
14
,
35
archives
154
,
291
armed conflict
34
,
76
,
86
,
92
,
126
,
168
,
205
,
207
,
209
,
212
,
262
classification of
162
,
167 –168 183
,
188
,
190 –194 196
,
198
,
202
fact-finding challenges in
222
,
224
human rights in
76
,
82
,
176
,
178
,
181 –182 202
,
207 –212
internationalization
189
,
191
occupation
188 –189 192 –194 196 –197 199
,
202
,
215
overall control test
189
,
194
,
265 –266
Beit Hanoun Commission
51
,
93
,
130
,
135
,
159
,
163
,
173
,
201
,
228 –229 232
,
292
,
306
bias
12
,
68
,
88
,
93
,
96
,
98
,
101 –102 129
,
132
,
155 –156 225
,
257
,
321
apprehensions of bias
64 –65 67
,
103 –104 317
,
321
commissioner recusal (
see
see commissioners
)
one-sided mandates
31
,
65 –66 75
,
90
,
130
,
132
predetermination
57
,
88 –89 94 –96 101
,
117
,
124
,
132 –133 155
,
317
Burundi
45
,
48
,
63
,
68
,
90 –92 240
,
304
Burundi Commission (Human Rights Council)
46
,
63
,
66
,
68
,
125
,
128
,
138
,
149
,
163
,
169
,
183
,
193
,
201
,
242
,
264 –265 268
,
293
Burundi Inquiry (Security Council)
48
,
134
,
240
,
304
business, responsibility of (
see
see corporations, responsibility of
)
Cambodia
50 –51 73
,
90
,
129
,
231
,
237
,
272 –274 283
,
290 –291 293
,
301 –302
Cambodia Commission
51
,
73
,
90
,
129
,
231
,
237
,
272 –274 283
,
290 –291 293
,
301
Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia
231
,
302
chemical weapons
13
,
16
,
48 –50 63
,
97
civil and political rights (
see
see international human rights law
)
civil liability (
see
see individual responsibility
)
command responsibility (
see
see international criminal law – superior responsibility
)
commissioners
appointment
12
,
25
,
57
,
96 –103 105 –109 114
,
118
,
122
,
318
composition of commissions
7 –8 27
,
56
,
96
,
99 –100 103
,
114
,
120
,
122
expertise
2
,
8
,
11
,
13
,
16
,
25
,
27
,
38
,
96 –97 101 –109 114
,
118
,
122
,
234
,
252
,
312
,
318
,
322
independence
12 –13 47
,
96
,
98 –101 104
,
111
,
135
,
155
recusal
102
,
104 –105
Commission on the Responsibility of the Authors of the War and on Enforcement of Penalties
23 –27 30 –31 52
,
55
,
98
,
227
compensation (
see
see remedies
)
conciliation
7
,
33
,
97
,
115
confidentiality
14
,
33 –34 50
,
80
,
134
,
137
,
142
,
150
,
272
,
277
,
281
,
323
Conventions for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes
7
,
14 –15 24
,
101
cooperation (
see
see state cooperation
)
corporations, responsibility of
267 –269 280
,
294
Côte d’Ivoire inquiries
48 –49 52
,
196
,
247
,
249
,
276
credibility (
see
see fact-finding
)
crimes against humanity (
see
see international criminal law
)
criminal investigations (
see
see international criminal proceedings
)
criminal justice
47
,
55
,
172
,
282
,
320
,
323
criminal law (
see
see international criminal law
)
criminal responsibility (
see
see individual responsibility
)
customary international law
20
,
176
,
211
,
213
,
217 –218 220
,
235
,
252
,
271
customary human rights law
185 –187 202
customary international criminal law
200 –201 229
,
242
,
282
customary international humanitarian law
188
,
190
,
197 –202 266
,
268
peremptory norms
183
,
185
,
260
,
264
,
282
Darfur Commission
61
,
107
mandate
95
,
124
,
127
reception and follow-up
48
,
139
,
251
,
302
,
304
recommendations
283
,
286
,
288
,
290 –291 299
,
301
,
304
report and findings
62
,
109
,
138
,
150
,
152
,
177
,
184
,
198
,
201
,
205
,
210
,
215
,
218
,
228
,
235 –236 238
,
240 –241 246
,
249
,
265
,
268
,
272 –273 278
,
282
Declaration on Fact-Finding by the United Nations in the Field of the Maintenance of International Peace and Security
40
,
61
,
72
Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (
see
see North Korea
)
dolus specialis
(see
see genocide – special intent)
due process
111
,
275 –277 304
right of reply
275
,
279
duty to investigate and prosecute
115
,
155
,
282
,
284
economic, social and cultural rights (
see
see international human rights law
)
Economic and Social Council
40
,
43
,
60
,
80
,
82
,
96
,
100
,
111
Eritrea Commission
mandate
52
,
85
,
90
,
92
,
125
,
127 –128 162
,
168
,
173
reception and follow-up
145
,
148
,
296
,
303
recommendations
284 –285 291
,
294
,
296
report and findings
14
,
85
,
136 –137 142
,
144 –145 148 –149 153 –154 176
,
207
,
209
,
230 –233 242
,
269
,
272
,
274
,
294
ethnic cleansing
238
,
295
European Court of Human Rights
38
,
146
,
247
European Union
37
evidence
9
,
18
,
22
,
28 –30 46 –47 50
,
52 –54 68
,
88
,
113
,
133 –136 139
,
151 –153 155
,
215
,
236 –237 243 –244 266 –267 272
collection
25
,
51
,
72
,
108
,
138
,
143 –144 150
,
284
,
320
,
322
corroboration
144
,
221
,
275
,
303
credibility
9
,
11
,
64
,
95
,
108
,
111
,
117 –118 133
,
148 –149 222
,
248
,
250
,
255
,
295
,
318
,
322
databases
138
,
278
,
302
evidentiary standards (
see
see fact-finding – standards of proof
)
information-gathering methods
18
,
61
,
135 –136 140 –141 145
,
150
,
153
,
155
,
222
,
323
in judicial proceedings
302 –304 320 –321
interviews
112
,
136 –137 141 –143 159
,
221
,
231
,
233
,
276
reliability
18
,
100
,
124
,
150
,
152 –153 155
,
321
testimonies
111
,
113
,
135
,
138 –139 145
,
225
,
231
fact-finding
3 –5 7
,
64
,
117 –118 127
,
155
,
222
,
245 –249 305
,
312
,
322 –323
ad hoc nature
121
,
149
,
317 –318
adverse inferences
146 –148 156
,
224
,
248
best practices
62
,
94
,
112
,
118
,
149
,
153 –156 318
definitions
9 –10
gender dimensions
137
,
154
,
230
,
233 –234
guidelines
6
,
94
,
98 –101 105
,
112
,
132
,
134
,
145
,
204
methodologies
11
,
94
,
111
,
136 –137 141 –142 150
,
154
,
167
,
187
,
246
,
277
,
300
,
318
standardisation
11
,
96
,
110 –111 150
,
281
standards of proof
10
,
151 –154 156
,
237
,
247
,
261
,
273
,
277
functions of inquiry
2 –3 17 –20 61
,
72
,
96
,
109
,
114
,
123
,
201 –202 248
,
250
,
258
,
270
,
298
,
300
,
315
,
318 –323
accountability
2
,
9
,
31
,
40
,
55
,
69
,
73
,
115
,
122
,
137 –140 157
,
171
,
202
,
224
,
245 –246 249
,
258 –260 274 –275 281
,
300 –301 303 –306 312 –316
condemnation of violations
57
,
70 –71 87
,
94 –96 114
,
117 –118 121
,
256
,
310
de-escalation of tensions
2
,
74
deterrence
171
,
277
,
281 –282 308
diplomatic objectives
7
,
24
,
55
,
74
,
101
,
106
,
109 –110 120
,
161
,
173
,
296
dispute settlement
7
,
14 –16 35 –37 41
,
120
,
296
expressive function
301
,
306 –309 311
,
315
historical record
91 –92 127
,
138
,
305 –306
precursor for prosecutions
55
,
154
,
156
prevention
5
,
43
,
74
,
121
,
294
,
297 –298 315
truth seeking
11
,
88
,
92
,
275
,
306 –307
Gaza Commission
65
,
87
,
93
,
102
,
126 –127 131
,
135
,
170
,
180
,
182
,
185
,
193
,
197
,
211
,
214
,
217
,
219
,
222 –224 248
,
277
,
288
,
305
Gaza Flotilla Commission
49
,
70
,
132
,
168
,
215
,
219
,
247
,
260
,
264
,
271
Gaza Inquiry (unchr)
134
,
161
,
180
,
182
,
194
,
215
gender-based violence (
see
see sexual and gender-based violence
)
General Assembly
15
,
20
,
42
,
44 –46 52 –53 60
,
66
,
70
,
72
,
78 –81 85
,
87 –88 113
,
138
,
163
,
283
,
286
,
290
,
294
,
302
,
304
,
310
as mandating authority
20
,
41 –43 50 –51 58 –59 62
,
96 –99 105
,
317
,
323
genocide
38
,
42
,
91
,
104
,
116
,
152
,
175
,
181 –182 203
,
228
,
232
,
234 –237 241
,
249
,
252
,
255
,
264
,
266
,
295
,
303
,
313
in inquiry mandates
38
,
47
,
95
,
172
requirement for a pattern or policy
238 –240
special intent
235 –239 249
,
272
Goldstone Commission
102
,
119
,
130 –131 264
mandate
89
,
93 –94
reception and follow-up
87
,
256
,
284
,
286
,
304
recommendations
284
,
286
,
288
,
304
report and findings
134 –135 140
,
143
,
147
,
154
,
156
,
171
,
180
,
183
,
185 –186 192 –193 197
,
207
,
210
,
214
,
217
,
220
,
223
,
225
,
248 –249 255
,
271
,
273
,
284
,
288
guarantees of non-repetition (
see
see remedies
)
Guinea Commission
62
,
77
,
90
,
97
,
100
,
138
,
154
,
231
,
244
,
266
,
273
,
276
,
285
Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 (
see
see Conventions for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes
)
human rights (
see
see international human rights law
)
Human Rights Council
55
,
58
,
63
,
69
,
72
,
82
,
84
,
86
,
89
,
164
as mandating authority
52
,
60
,
64 –67 78 –81 95
,
102
competence of
57
,
60
,
72
,
78 –82 84 –86 88
,
170
,
250
country-specific mandates
11
,
60
,
64 –66
Human Rights Inquiry Commission on Palestine (
see
see Gaza Inquiry (unchr)
)
identification of perpetrators
33
,
54
,
66
,
116
,
121
,
230
,
245
,
270
,
274 –276 278 –279 281
impartiality
3
,
12 –13 54
,
57
,
64
,
68 –69 88 –89 92
,
96
,
98 –105 107
,
110
,
117 –118 124
,
129
,
132 –135 155
,
202
,
318
,
320
even-handedness
76
,
88
,
128 –129 131
,
167
,
202
,
319
impunity, fight against
81
,
105
,
172
,
258
,
275
,
277
,
283
,
305
individual responsibility
27
,
34
,
78
,
81
,
161
,
200
,
202
,
240
,
260
,
270 –271 280
,
282
,
290
,
303 –304 313 –314
civil liability
270
criminal responsibility
23
,
25 –26 28 –31 39
,
77 –78 116 –117 171 –172 175
,
182
,
200
,
202
,
238 –242 246
,
259 –261 270 –280 289 –290 293
,
303
,
313 –314 319
information-gathering methods (
see
see evidence
)
inquiry, key concepts
adjudication
2
,
7
,
36
,
115
,
151
,
175
,
203 –204 247 –248 255 –257 319
,
321
advocacy
203
,
255
,
257
,
299
juridification
3
,
57
,
72 –74 106
,
108 –109 115
,
122
,
312
,
318
legitimacy
108
,
171
,
255
,
307 –308 312
non-binding nature
7
,
11
,
14
,
261
,
305
,
309
pragmatism
3
,
18 –19 31
,
110
,
114
,
121
,
192
,
202
,
225
,
256
,
314
,
320 –321 323
principle
3
,
18 –19 93
,
110
,
114
,
133 –134 137
,
139
,
155
,
157
,
202
,
318 –321 323
proliferation
3
,
43
,
317
Inquiry on Burundi (
see
see Burundi – Burundi Inquiry (Security Council)
)
International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism to assist in the Investigation and Prosecution of those Responsible for the Most Serious Crimes under International Law committed in the Syrian Arab Republic since March 2011
51 –53 72
,
88
,
138
,
278
,
299
,
302
,
322 –323
international armed conflict (
see
see armed conflict
)
International Committee of the Red Cross
32 –34 37
,
184 –185 189
,
195 –197 208 –209 212 –214 217 –218 220 –221 226
,
268
International Court of Justice
35
,
149
,
180
,
182
,
187
,
196
,
202
,
251 –252 265
,
303
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
83
,
176 –180 182
,
187
,
208 –209 220
derogation 176–178, 182, 187
Human Rights Committee
82 –83 146
,
177 –179 181 –182 209
,
212
,
247
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
178 –182 187
,
204 –205 207
Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
178
,
180
,
204
International Criminal Court
1
,
87
,
139
,
169
,
226
,
228
,
241
,
276
,
281
,
283 –284 290
,
308
jurisprudence
2
,
53
,
153 –154 237
,
239
,
243
,
247
,
251
,
280
,
302 –303
referral of situations by the Security Council
39
,
45
,
48
,
53
,
62
,
70 –71 88
,
169
,
201
,
284
,
299
,
302
,
304
,
314
Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
170
,
184
,
197
,
200 –201 229
,
239
,
242 –244 249
,
274
,
283
,
290
international criminal courts and tribunals
3 –4 6
,
27
,
47
,
55
,
105
,
139
,
200
,
251
,
284 –285 301
,
308
,
311
,
314
international criminal law
5
,
54
,
77 –78 81
,
84
,
86 –88 116 –117 138
,
163
,
169
,
171 –172 174
,
200 –201 251 –252 258
,
273 –274 280 –281 311 –313 315
,
319 –320
applicability in inquiry
169
,
200 –201
crimes against humanity
18
,
30
,
77
,
83
,
85
,
87 –88 125
,
162 –164 168
,
174
,
181
,
200
,
203
,
228 –229 236 –237 240 –245 249 –250 261
,
264
,
271
,
274
,
278
,
280 –282 284
,
292
,
295
,
297
,
302
defences
30
,
225
,
273
,
280
elements of crimes
249 –250 271 –273 280 –281
genocide (
see
see genocide
)
incitement
269
,
272
,
294
,
303
mens rea
271
,
277
,
280
modes of liability
241
,
272 –273 280
nullum crimen sine lege
274
presumption of innocence
277
rights of the accused
274
,
276
superior responsibility
272
,
276
,
279
war crimes
22
,
26 –30 36
,
47
,
55
,
77
,
83
,
85
,
87 –88 163
,
197
,
199 –200 215
,
224
,
227 –228 244
,
256
,
271
,
278
,
295
,
302
international criminal proceedings
5
,
53 –54 138
,
153
,
155
,
171
,
281
,
302
,
319
,
321 –323
investigations
25
,
138
,
149
,
154
,
202
,
261
,
274
,
284
,
302
,
319
,
321
prosecutions
25 –28 30 –31 47 –48 51 –52 55
,
62
,
71 –72 139
,
202
,
260 –261 273
,
276
,
281 –284 289
,
298 –299 301 –302 304
,
308
,
313 –314 319 –320
International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
48
,
119 –120 153
,
155
,
230 –231 235
,
244
,
251
,
290
,
301
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
47
,
107
,
113
,
139
,
153
,
172
,
174
,
189 –190 192
,
195 –197 199
,
235
,
242
,
244
,
251
,
265
,
273
,
278
,
290
,
301 –302
International fact-finding mission to investigate violations of international law, including international humanitarian and human rights law, resulting from the Israeli attacks on the flotilla of ships carrying humanitarian assistance (
see
see Gaza Flotilla Commission
)
International Humanitarian Fact-Finding Commission
31
,
33 –35
international humanitarian law
16
,
24
,
31
,
71
,
76
,
168
,
174
,
209 –213 215 –224
Additional Protocol i
31
,
33
,
35
,
188
,
194
,
196
,
207
,
213
,
217 –218 220
,
289
Additional Protocol ii
190 –191 194
applicability in inquiry
168 –169 181
,
183
,
188 –190 192 –193 197 –199 202
,
208
continuous combat function
214 –215
direct participation in hostilities
146
,
212 –213 216
Geneva Conventions
31 –33 37
,
77
,
87
,
163
,
169
,
188 –190 192 –194 199
,
209
,
215
,
228
,
271
,
289
grave breaches
33
,
77
,
163
,
215
,
289
Hague Regulations (Regulations concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land)
189
,
192 –193 199
,
289
military necessity
199
,
212 –213 223
,
225
principle of distinction
199
,
213
,
217 –218 220
,
223
principle of precaution
199
,
213
,
216
,
220 –222 225
,
250
,
255
principle of proportionality
199
,
211
,
213
,
216 –220 225
,
250
relationship with international human rights law
82 –83 171
,
174
,
182 –183 209 –212 220
targeting
146
,
166
,
168
,
209
,
211 –212 214 –215 217 –218 220 –221 225
,
250
,
255
,
267
,
273
international human rights law
16
,
41 –42 44
,
81
,
181
,
187
,
202
,
208 –211 250
,
255
abuses of
41
,
45
,
76
,
92
,
125
,
128 –129 162
,
165
,
183
,
186
,
259
applicability in inquiry
76
,
176 –177 179 –183 186 –187 204
,
208
civil and political rights
83
,
204 –206 245 –246 256
economic, social and cultural rights
18
,
178
,
180
,
203 –207 245 –246 256
extraterritoriality of
125
,
176
,
179 –181
right to a remedy
81 –82 115
,
177
,
269
,
281 –282 285
,
289 –290 292
,
297
right to life
18
,
75
,
146
,
175
,
177
,
203
,
208
,
210
,
220
,
228
,
250
right to the truth
81
,
83 –84 260
,
277
,
292
,
306
international legal personality
8
,
35
,
198
,
202
,
268
international organisations
7
,
22
,
35
,
78 –79 84
,
261
,
285
acquiescence in organizational practice
85
,
88
international institutional law
18
,
78
,
84
regional organisations
7
,
15
,
35
,
37
,
40
,
54
,
298
responsibility of
266
,
287
international peace and security
40
,
42
,
44 –45 58 –59 61
,
79
,
296
Israel
49
,
51
,
62 –63 65
,
74
,
89
,
93 –94 102
,
126
,
129 –131 147
,
179 –180 193
,
224
Operation Cast Lead
90
Operation Protective Edge
90
,
127
jus ad bellum
168
,
170
jus in bello (
see
see international humanitarian law
)
justice
1
,
27
,
30
,
45
,
51
,
72
,
91
,
116
,
121
,
138
,
163
,
171
,
230
,
233
,
291
,
295
,
298 –299 305
,
319
justice for victims
(see
see victims)
League of Arab States
39
League of Nations
32
,
35 –37 40
,
54
Lebanon Commission
65
,
69
,
86
,
89
,
93 –94 129
,
132
,
177 –179 191
,
214
,
219 –220 223
,
229
,
271
,
286 –287
Libya
45
,
52
,
70
,
107
,
201
Libya Commission
45
,
70
,
127
,
129
,
143
,
146
,
149
,
152
,
169 –170 184 –185 194
,
198
,
211 –212 224
,
243
,
250
,
255
,
259
,
262
,
267 –268 273
,
279
,
287 –288
lustration
260
,
293
mandates, scope of
10
,
57
,
72
,
89
,
117
,
123 –133 159 –160
actors under scrutiny
92
,
128
geographic scope
18
,
57
,
89
,
93
,
124 –125 129
legal lenses (
see
see applicable law
)
temporal scope
18
,
89 –92 124
,
126 –127
mandating authorities
2
,
10
,
15
,
17 –19 40
,
43
,
52
,
57 –59 61
,
72
,
74
,
76
,
78 –79 90
,
92
,
96 –97 107 –108 110 –115 118 –122 133
,
155
,
162
,
173
,
277
,
279
,
317 –318 320 –321 323
mapping exercise
13
,
163
massacres
28
,
42
,
74
,
91
,
112
,
163
,
216 –217 223
,
228
,
240
,
248
Mozambique Commission
42
,
74
,
149
,
227
Myanmar
1 –2 53 –54 68
,
104
,
143
,
276
,
294
Myanmar Commission
1 –2 53
,
75
,
92
,
103
,
107
,
119 –120 129
,
269
,
276
,
294
Ongoing Independent Mechanism on Myanmar
322
naming of names (
see
see identification of perpetrators
)
non-cooperation (
see
see state cooperation
)
non-international armed conflict (
see
see armed conflict
)
non-refoulement, principle of
125
,
247
,
262
non-state actors
75 –76 92
,
128 –129 183 –184 186
,
198
,
261
,
264
,
267 –268 282
,
288
non-state armed groups (
see
see organised armed groups
)
norm entrepreneurs
321
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
129
,
170
,
198 –199 224
,
267
,
287
North Korea
66
,
119
,
311
North Korea Commission
103 –104 255
mandate
66
,
68
,
75
,
89 –90 92
,
95
,
116 –117 124
,
127 –128 133
,
168
,
180
reception and follow-up
45
,
70
,
85
,
87
,
299
,
304
,
310
recommendations
283 –284 292 –293 296
,
312
report and findings
135 –136 143 –147 153 –154 156
,
178 –179 201
,
206
,
229
,
231 –232 235 –236 243 –245 249
,
261 –262 270 –271 278
,
282
,
295
,
297
Nuremberg trials
30
,
47
,
172
,
200
,
274
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
13
,
44
,
67
,
80
,
94
,
97
,
141
,
163
,
174
,
204
,
206
,
279
,
284 –287 305
ohchr Guidance and Practice
100 –101 105
,
109
,
112
,
137
,
142
,
150
,
155
Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict
176
organised armed groups
76
,
116
,
176
,
183
,
187 –190 197 –198 200
,
202
,
214
,
216
,
267
,
279
Organization of American States
39 –40
Palestine
52
,
61
,
89
,
93
,
95
,
130
,
143
,
179 –180 194
,
197
,
287 –288 305
Palmer Commission
49
,
62 –63 70
,
74
,
97
,
100 –101 106
,
110
,
115
,
159 –161 173
,
192
,
201
,
219
,
292
,
307
,
320
participation of victims (
see
see victims – participation
)
pattern of violations
1
,
43
,
80
,
96
,
127
,
138
,
140
,
152 –153 165
,
206
,
223
,
235
,
238 –239 244
,
248
,
291
,
319
peacekeeping and peace-enforcement missions
50
,
190
,
198
,
200
,
267
,
287 –288 303
perpetrators (
see
see suspected perpetrators
)
post-truth
322
progressive interpretation of international law
45
,
184
,
250
,
255
,
257
prosecutions (
see
see international criminal proceedings
)
punishment
24 –25 29
,
160
,
308
rape (
see
see sexual and gender-based violence
)
realpolitik
313
,
318
recommendations of inquiry
2
,
11
,
14
,
19
,
26
,
36
,
39
,
42
,
47
,
51
,
53
,
68
,
72 –74 114
,
128
,
161 –162 259
,
263 –264 266 –267 274
,
280 –288 290 –294 296 –302 304 –305 307
,
312
,
314
,
319
reconciliation
38
,
50
,
73
,
259
,
282 –283 296
remedies
81 –82 84
,
177
,
224
,
246
,
260
,
281 –282 285
,
287 –290 292
,
297 –298 319
compensation
14
,
42
,
259 –260 267
,
270
,
281
,
285 –290 292
,
298 –299 304
guarantees of non-repetition
260
,
281
,
291
,
297 –298
reparations
27
,
36
,
81
,
270
,
281
,
285 –292 294
,
315
responsibility to protect
46
,
142
,
282
,
295
,
300
Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (
see
see International Criminal Court
)
Rwanda
38
,
47
,
55
,
77
,
150
,
191
,
228
,
242
,
266
,
273
,
303
Rwanda Commission
47
,
77
,
106 –108 112
,
119 –120 135
,
152
,
172
,
181
,
191
,
200
,
230 –231 235 –236 238
,
283
,
301
,
303
Secretary-General
15
,
40
,
44
,
49 –50 58 –59 62 –64 73
,
75
,
77
,
96 –98 105 –107 109
,
121
,
160
,
260
,
266
,
278
,
284
,
300
Secretary-General’s Panel of Experts on Accountability in Sri Lanka (
see
see Sri Lanka Panel of Experts
)
Secretary-General’s Panel of Inquiry on the Flotilla Incident (
see
see Palmer Commission
)
Security Council
20
,
40 –41 44 –47 62 –63 88
,
114
,
119
,
165 –170 186
,
194
,
198
,
201
,
282 –284 286 –287 294 –296 298
,
314
,
322
as mandating authority
14 –17 34
,
38 –39 46
,
48
,
58 –59 61
,
68
,
75 –77 93 –96 106 –107 120 –121 143
,
239
,
241
,
249
,
300 –302 304
sanctions regimes
55
,
61
,
97
,
171
,
260
,
275
,
293 –294
veto power
58
,
61
,
69 –71
sexual and gender-based violence
18
,
28
,
75
,
107
,
136 –137 141 –142 154
,
156
,
203
,
205
,
226 –234 237 –238 256
shaming
33
,
54
,
136
,
230
,
245 –246 260
,
309 –310
social media
269
,
294 –295 321
South Sudan Commission
10
,
138
,
233
,
278
,
282
sovereign immunity
25 –26
Sri Lanka Panel of Experts
9
,
62
,
73
,
126
,
145
,
152
,
178
,
186
,
209
,
240
,
259
,
269
,
272
,
277
,
291
,
306
state consent
7
,
14
,
32 –33 54
,
57
,
59
,
61
state cooperation
2 –3 14
,
45
,
51 –52 57
,
61 –63 66
,
71
,
78
,
89
,
92 –93 110
,
118 –119 121
,
130
,
132 –133 136
,
143
,
145 –148 156
,
165
,
167
,
207
,
217
,
222 –223 225
,
248
,
317 –318 320
state responsibility
28
,
164
,
239
,
252
,
260 –261 263 –265 267
,
270
,
281
,
285
,
289
,
292
,
295
,
304
acquiescence
265 –266
agents
84
,
128
,
164 –165 289
Articles on the Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts
264 –265 270
,
285
,
292
attribution
68
,
84
,
175
,
261
,
264 –266
complicity
262
effective control
127
,
179 –180 187
,
193
,
198
,
265 –266 268
,
279
third states
170
,
262
,
264
,
279
survivors
135
,
137
,
159
,
233
,
292
,
306
suspected perpetrators
1
,
26
,
30 –31 78
,
91
,
150
,
152
,
166 –167 230
,
237
,
241
,
245 –247 270
,
272 –281 283
,
289
,
292 –293 298
,
309
,
315
Syria Commission
51 –52 63
,
66
,
71
,
85
,
88
mandate
72
,
87
,
89 –90 119
,
163 –164 168
,
216
recommendations
259
,
278
,
283
,
285
,
291
,
296
,
298 –299
report and findings
138
,
142 –144 154
,
169 –170 172
,
177
,
183 –184 186
,
195
,
198
,
200
,
205 –206 208
,
210 –211 216
,
218 –221 223
,
230
,
232
,
236
,
242
,
244
,
247 –248 255
,
266
,
272
,
277
Syrian Arab Republic
13
,
48
,
50
,
163
,
322
territorial access
63
,
135
,
140 –141 143
,
145
,
148
,
166
,
222
,
224
,
307
territorial disputes
36 –37 41
terrorism
164 –168 237
,
263
testimonies (
see
see evidence
)
Timor-Leste
49
,
52
,
150
,
152
,
154
,
182
,
276
,
292
transitional justice
3
,
259
,
307
,
312
treaty bodies
20
,
75
,
180
,
187
,
202
,
254
truth, right to (
see
see international human rights law
)
truth commissions
11
,
41
,
91
,
275
,
291 –292 307
United Nations
1
,
15
,
48
,
61
,
69
,
170
Charter of the United Nations
44
,
58
,
61
,
79
,
295
General Assembly (
see
see General Assembly
)
Human Rights Council (
see
see Human Rights Council
)
implied powers
35
,
58 –60 78 –79 81
,
84 –85
organs
3
,
40
,
55
,
58 –59 69
,
79 –80 85
privileges and immunities
104
,
170
Secretary-General (
see
see Secretary-General
)
Security Council (
see
see Security Council
)
subsidiary bodies
42
,
59 –60 79 –80 84
United Nations Commission on Human Rights
40
,
43
,
45
,
52 –53 59 –60 64
,
75
,
77
,
80 –81 96
,
100
,
106
United Nations Mission in Kosovo
288
United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict (
see
see Goldstone Commission
)
United Nations Independent Commission of Inquiry on the 2014 Gaza Conflict (
see
see Gaza Commission
)
United Nations War Crimes Commission
22
,
27
,
29 –31 47
,
52
,
55
,
98
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
186
,
228
veracity (
see
see evidence – credibility
)
vetting
293
victims
63
,
91
,
130
,
135
,
141 –143 173
,
227
,
230 –231 235
,
237
,
245 –246 291 –292 298
,
315
,
318
justice for
1
,
171
participation of
135
,
156
,
233
,
307
protection of
134
,
140
,
142
,
154
,
156
,
276 –277 281
,
322
victim-centred approach
136
,
155
,
285
,
320
voices of
2
,
135
,
156
,
248
,
256
,
320
victor’s justice
27
,
31
Vietnam Commission
41 –42 99
war crimes (
see
see international criminal law
)
witness protection (
see
see victims – protection of
)
Yugoslavia Commission
31
,
47
,
55
mandate
34
,
46
,
77
,
95
,
106
,
113
,
163
reception and follow-up
251
,
278
,
302 –303
report and findings
47
,
113
,
134
,
138
,
152
,
181
,
190
,
200
,
238
,
244
,
273