Abbreviations
| atra | American Tort Reform Association |
| bmi | Basic Medical Insurance |
| bms | Bonus-Malus System |
| bpi | Basic Pension Insurance |
| cali | Compulsory Automobile Liability Insurance |
| cbo | Congressional Budget Office |
| chfs | China Household Financial Survey |
| ciitc | Chinese Insurance Information Technology Co., Ltd. |
| circ | China Insurance Regulatory Commission |
| cpi | Consumer Price Index |
| cvli | Compulsory Motor Vehicle Third Party Liability Insurance |
| dps | Demerit Point System |
| ED | Emotional Damages |
| gcs | Guiding Case System |
| gdp | Gross Domestic Product |
| grioj | General Rating Insurance Organization of Japan |
| hhi | Herfindahl-Hirschman Index |
| irc | Insurance Research Council |
| mas | Medical Assistance System |
| mhrss | Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security of the People’s Republic of China |
| miit | Ministry of Industry and Information Technology |
| naic | National Association of Insurance Commissioners |
| nbs | National Bureau of Statistics of China |
| npc | National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China |
| nsc | National Safety Council |
| oecd | Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development |
| olrc | Ontario Law Reform Commission |
| omb | Office of Management and Budget |
| ovli | Optional Motor Vehicle Third Party Liability Insurance |
| picc | People’s Insurance Company of China |
| PI | Personal Injury |
| qaly | Quality Adjusted Life Years |
| rta | Road Traffic Accident |
| rtaaf | Road Traffic Accident Assistance Fund |
| spc | Supreme People’s Court of the People’s Republic of China |
| sae | China Society of Autonomous Engineers in China |
| svli | Statutory Third Party Liability Insurance for Motor Vehicles |
| swov | Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Verkeersveiligheid (Institute for Road Safety Research) |
| vsl | Value of Statistical Life |
| vsly | Value of Statistical Life |
| who | World Health Organization |
| wii | Work-related Injury Insurance |
Note: This list does not include abbreviations of statutes, cases, and interviews.