Index
accumulating (temporary and limited) see rebirth (of the human soul)
Buddhist principle
163, 165, 183, 184, 185, 188
cutting techniques (to distribute/to share)
62–64
food (procurement, conservation, preparation)
131, 132, 183, 242
happiness
242, 243, 246, 251
merits
131, 132, 165, 184, 252
misfortune
184
black see closing (dish of closing)
birth
147, 156, 158, 159n27, 160
bitterness
185
communism (when associated with the color red)
inauspicious, bad
233
lean (food, dish, meal)
48, 147, 163, 175
mourning
175, 181, 185
ordinary or depreciated
38, 48, 163
with nothing added, not mixed
38, 147, 156, 158
blood
bloody purges
11
body (human)
142, 144, 148, 159
body (maternal principle)
142
impurity (food transformation)
206
kinship
142
menstruation
2–4
nation (pure –)
255
pollution
2–4, 136, 142, 144, 145, 154
processing – (animal slaughtering)
48–51, 54–61, 73, 143
sacrifice (animal)
175–176, 176–178, 244
sausages and tripes (meal)
36, 54–61, 143
bone(s) see rebirth (of the human soul)
– carriers
171–172, 181n44, 188n57, 190, 192
– with a hole
52n6, 100, 149, 149n17
– with/or without respect
85, 86
body (paternal principle)
142
butchering (animal)
52–54
cutting (meat)
63
dislocation (birth)
147–148
divination
100
eating –
36, 65, 66, 94, 95–97, 99–100
funeral processing
167, 171–173, 174, 180–182, 190
gnawing –
36, 97, 161
kinship
52
meat (on/separated from the bone)
36, 40–41, 42–43, 45, 76, 156–157, 249, 251
meal
42–43, 43–46, 67, 71, 73, 85, 94, 156, 173–175, 219–221, 224, 238–239
protection (newborn’s soul)
152
sacrificial meat
175–176, 180–181
share (distinctive, hierarchical, unequal share of meat)
64, 65, 66, 84, 85, 86, 87
skinning (animal)
51
strength (body/skeleton, marriage)
158–160, 161–162
support (of ancestral grace)
65–66, 176, 179, 180, 185, 244
residence (of the human soul)
138–139, 151, 152
rightful share (meat on the bone)
65, 66, 244n33
closing
body (human)
149–151, 159, 160, 162–163, 201, 230, 236, 250
body (animal)
160, 201, 221, 223, 239
day, year, period
184–185, 196, 197, 201, 216, 218, 219, 221, 229, 230–232, 239
dish of closing
184–185, 219–221, 223–224, 230, 231, 238
food, dish
147, 148, 163, 201, 212–214, 219–221, 225, 229, 231, 235, 241–242, 243n31
food sharing
103–104, 231–232, 248
meal (consumption and ritual)
148, 163, 183–184, 185, 203–204, 212–214, 215, 221, 223, 225, 229, 238
rites
149–151, 163–164, 189, 215–218, 218–219, 224–225, 230, 240, 248, 249, 250
social relations
103–104, 110, 123, 129, 162–163, 169, 170–171, 171n18, 183, 201, 230
stove
28–29
yurt (house)
16, 169–170, 189–193
fire
campfire
17, 175
cooking of food (for humans)
68, 70–72, 73, 75, 76–77, 249
domestic – (stove)
26, 28–29, 189, 192–195
fuel
18, 26, 31, 70
instruments
23, 26, 28–29, 30
master spirit of the –
25, 26, 29, 92n5
offering
16–17, 84, 85, 99, 101, 119, 157–158, 162, 176, 178, 180, 194n66, 218, 224, 230, 237, 238, 239
paternal line
29
prohibiting
92n5, 118, 138, 142–143, 169–170, 177n31
protecting
17, 26, 29, 30, 32–33, 181n45
purifying
30, 188–189, 189n59
transmitter (of food to spiritual entities)
176, 178, 180
tending the – (feminine activity)
23, 25, 162, 166, 169–170, 172, 192–195, 213, 217, 219, 236
flesh see blood (maternal principle)
attached to the bone (share)
36, 42–43, 45, 63–64, 65–66, 84, 86, 96, 161
body (human)
140, 142, 159
body (maternal principle)
55, 142
cooking the –
72, 98, 113–116, 173–175, 184
cutting up the –
45, 54, 63, 64–65, 173–175, 221
disintegration (human death)
140, 142, 167
gray-brown (meat as category of food, flesh when cooked)
72
kinship (human)
54–55
name of –
45, 52–54
piece(s) (separated from the bone, undifferentiated and egalitarian –)
41, 45, 57, 64, 74, 113–116, 173–175
sacrificial meat
175–176, 176–177, 179–180, 180n38
soup
40–41, 147, 173–175
transforming – (into food)
60
grace
see happiness
see merits
ancestral grace
65, 176, 185, 179, 244
Buddhism
66, 131, 176–178, 179
hand (right hand endowed with –)
16n2, 49, 92–94
sacrificial meat
175–176, 185
support of – (food)
65–66, 176, 179–180, 185, 244
happiness (domestic, collective)
see grace (ancestral)
see merits
see rebirth (of the human soul)
accumulating (and preserving) –
132, 163, 203, 204–206, 208–211, 213, 225–226, 231, 242–244, 246, 248, 251–252
calling –
(
see inviting –
)
bestowing –
200
Buddhism
116, 131, 168–169, 199, 233, 244
food, share laden with – /support of –
66, 85, 164, 180, 185, 199, 201, 202–203, 211–212, 212–213, 214–215, 225–226, 238–240, 242–244, 245, 246, 248, 254
good fortune
7, 32, 131, 225, 235
hospitality (correlated with)
105, 110, 112–113, 204, 232, 236–237, 243–244, 246, 249
individual –
250–251
inviting –
82, 130–131, 132, 136–137, 168–169, 204, 235, 235n28, 236–237, 248, 249, 252
(not) loosing/bringing –
7, 8, 9, 19, 24n25, 32, 35, 82, 92, 92n5, 100, 120, 122, 136, 143, 144, 165, 167, 169, 172, 184, 213, 225, 235, 236, 242–243, 245, 251
luck
XIX, 24, 65, 66, 122, 131, 214–215, 243, 244
odd figure
16, 85, 116, 120, 131, 132, 152, 163, 183–184, 188, 211, 212, 215–216, 225–226, 227, 230–231, 233–234, 235, 236, 242, 243, 246, 248, 249
propitiation (favoring)
7, 16, 17, 84, 97, 117, 144, 144n7, 145, 211–213, 225, 220–221, 227, 231, 232, 233, 235, 236, 241
prosperity (family/herd)
52, 59, 80, 82, 97, 100, 112, 116, 119, 132, 163–164, 188, 201–202, 203, 212, 213, 221, 225, 227, 231, 232, 234, 235, 239, 240, 241, 243, 244n32
rebirth (of the human soul)
XIII, 132, 137, 163, 249
re-calling –
(
see re-inviting –
)
re-inviting – (repairing)
132, 136–137, 172, 183–185, 200, 249, 252
sharing – (circulating, distributing –)
85, 130–132, 183–185, 200, 201, 203–204, 231, 234, 236–237, 238–240, 242–244, 245, 246, 248, 251, 252
hospitality
see happiness
see sharing (food)
see sole (cake)
see stock (of visitors)
see visit
beverages
117–118, 119, 120, 194
dishes, food, plate
90, 107, 112–113, 114, 115, 116, 211–212, 225
feminine task
25, 85
food sharing
XIX, XX, 10, 92, 102–103, 104, 129, 200, 236–238, 243, 246
gestures
(
see rules
)
nomadic culture (rule of –)
XII, XIX, 9, 18, 102, 103, 104, 122, 132, 246, 248
offering –
XX, 18, 92–94, 103, 123, 194, 196, 236–238, 243
rules
85, 92, 92n6, 94, 104, 105, 109–111, 118–119, 122, 170, 172
postmortem –
192, 193, 195, 196
prints (human/animal)
211, 125–127, 198, 211–212, 245–247, 252
spatial environment
21, 170
suspicion
121, 123, 125–126, 127, 198, 245–247, 252
life see rebirth of the human soul
after – (of the human soul)
97n9, 132, 137, 138–141, 165, 168, 184n51, 192, 193–195, 197, 200, 214, 249
– -breath (am’) (human, animal)
49, 167, 196
– -force (süld) (human, animal)
144, 244
unit of –
129–130
lower (depreciated)
– part, share (food)
76, 84–85, 87–88, 90, 91, 98–99, 104, 112, 119–221, 223–224, 223n20, 225, 227, 228, 238, 249
– part (yurt)
5, 23, 24, 99, 206, 209, 248
– product (food)
58, 73, 90–91, 112
merits
see grace (ancestral grace)
see happiness (inviting, re-inviting happiness)
see rebirth of the human soul
see sharing (food)
accumulating – (multitude)
131–132, 163, 165, 183–185, 188, 233–243, 242–243, 246, 251–252
Buddhist principle
131, 163, 232–233
making –
131, 132, 163, 173, 188, 252
repairing
165, 184
white merits
163–164, 173, 183–184, 185, 196, 218, 229, 232–233, 233–234, 236, 238, 239, 240, 241
offering
see hospitality
see merits (making merits/white merits)
see purification (repairing)
first part, share, drops (food/dish)
26, 80–81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 101, 119, 120, 162, 211, 218, 219, 220–221, 224, 225, 230, 231, 234, 244
food (cooked/uncooked food)
8, 10, 16–17, 47, 66, 75, 76, 98–99, 106, 107, 111, 116, 117–118, 121, 136, 157, 158, 164, 171, 178, 180, 188, 195–198, 199, 200, 202, 227–229, 235, 236, 238–240, 243
morning –
82–83, 189, 194, 195–198, 200, 227, 250
sacrificial –
62, 86n2, 176–177, 235
opening
see hospitality (offering hospitality)
see merits (white merits)
see white
body (human)
148, 149, 151, 162–164, 203–204, 250
body (animal)
224
day, year, period
165, 197, 203–204, 212, 214, 215, 216, 218, 232–233, 235, 239, 240–241, 242, 244, 246
dish of opening
215–216, 224, 230, 233–234
food, dish
212, 213n12, 215–216, 240–242, 250
food sharing
10, 129, 240, 244, 250
meal, ritual
161, 165, 241
open sharing
103–104, 129, 135, 240, 246, 248
– the golden box (funeral ritual)
168, 168n12
rites
163, 183, 232, 246
social relations
162–164, 203–204, 250
stove
28, 28n16, 30, 170, 211, 230
yurt
16, 19, 26–27, 86, 108, 121, 122, 170, 170n16, 172, 193–193, 217
piece (of food)
see merits (accumulating, multitude)
see sharing (cutting food)
curd, dairy products
39, 88, 90, 91, 99, 225
cutting/eating food in –s
22, 36, 37, 47, 65, 66–69, 91, 94, 95, 98, 103–104, 106, 132, 183–184, 248
dough, pasta, cakes
36, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42, 44, 45, 47, 65, 67, 68–69, 94, 98, 109, 113–114, 116, 173n22, 183–184, 209, 211, 213, 225–226, 237, 243, 251
fat
38, 41, 45, 114, 139, 156, 157, 158, 160, 174n24, 206, 212, 230–231, 235, 237, 239
meat/flesh (separated from the bone, undifferentiated and/or depreciated)
38, 40–41, 45, 46, 47, 57, 59, 62, 63, 64–65, 65–66, 68, 71, 73, 74, 76, 84, 86, 87, 91, 98, 113, 114, 116, 139, 158, 174, 178–179, 183, 184, 194, 212, 221, 224, 230–231, 235, 238
sugar, sweets
188, 225–226, 228, 229, 233
vegetables
36, 37, 39, 41, 44, 66, 68, 70, 94, 98, 108, 109, 113, 115, 183, 184, 214
white dishes (multitude)
233–234, 243–245
protection see offering (food, cooked/uncooked food)
body
146, 148–149, 149–151, 160
doing things well
7, 18
domestic space
18, 25
food (raw/cooked)
10, 16, 17, 100, 123, 128–129
rites of –
16–17, 100, 154–156, 160, 165
fire (domestic)
25, 29–31, 143
fox figurine
152–154
name, surname
XIX, 154
spiritual entities
16, 26, 145, 159
purifying (pollution) see fire
Buddhism
136, 163, 164, 233
external – (applying substances/cooked food/raw food/cloth)
15, 30, 137, 140, 144–145, 156–157, 158–159, 160, 164, 172, 182, 185–188, 188n57, 199, 218
food/white food
136–137, 156, 158–159, 160, 164, 184, 185–188, 188n57, 199, 218
incense
15, 30, 143n1, 145, 145n8, 169, 170n17, 185n56
internal – (ingesting substances/cooked food)
136–137, 158–159, 160, 163–164, 184, 185–188, 199, 218
prayers
167–168, 182n48
repairing
136–137, 165, 166
water (with/without milk, consecrated)
140, 144–145, 172, 218
whitening (white substances/food, cloth, cotton)
163–164, 182, 184, 188, 188n57, 218
rebirth (of the human soul)
see happiness (inviting, re-inviting)
see merits
Buddhist principle
97, 97n9, 124, 140–141, 142, 165–166, 185, 194
good/bad rebirth
XIII, 5, 10, 15n1, 54n8, 97, 131, 132, 140, 141, 165, 168, 180, 182, 184, 184n52, 185, 194, 197, 199, 200, 249, 250, 251, 252
perpetuation of the lineage
XIII, 97, 141, 168, 184, 197, 199, 250, 252
reproduction of the society/order
XIII, 132, 200, 250, 252
favoring (good) –
97, 131–132, 140, 144n7, 163, 165, 168, 182, 184, 184n52, 188, 189, 192–193, 194, 195, 199, 200, 249, 252
shamanic principle
97, 140–141, 165–166, 194–195
share (of food, i.e. meat/sole-cake)
see happiness
see hospitality
see merits
first –
(
see offering first part, share, drops
)
food (meat/flesh on the bone, differentiated and/or honorific)
62, 63–64, 65, 67, 84, 85–86, 87, 96, 103, 132, 156–157, 161–162, 161n30, 219, 220–221, 221–223, 223–224, 223n20, 238–239, 248, 249, 251
rightful –
66, 244n33
sacrificial – of meat
62, 65, 175–176, 185, 244–245, 251
sole-cake
179–180, 185, 212, 242–245, 246
support of happiness
66, 243–245, 246, 251
sharing
see closing (food sharing)
see happiness
see hospitality
see merits
see offering (first part, share, drops)
see opening (food sharing)
see stock (of visitors)
cutting food (technique to distribute and eat)
36, 37, 41, 45, 47, 50–54, 57–58, 62–65, 65–66, 66–68, 73n5, 88, 90–91, 94, 95, 96, 98, 103–104, 113–116, 157, 158, 220, 223, 243, 248
cutting food (dividing or multiplying food, multitude)
64, 88, 103, 173–175, 180, 183–184, 212, 243, 249
horizontal – (humans)
10, 80, 135, 145, 157–158, 161–162, 172, 180, 203–204, 219–221, 230–234, 236–238, 249, 250, 251
sacrificial food
62, 178, 174–176
– food
80, 172, 182, 183–184, 184–185, 195, 203
– happiness (collective happiness)
130–132, 180, 183–184, 200, 240, 242–3, 246, 248
structuring principle
XIII, XIX, XX, 9–10, 62, 102, 103, 104, 105, 130, 132, 199, 248, 249, 252, 253
vertical – (spiritual entities)
10, 26, 80, 84, 145, 156, 178, 194–195, 219, 230, 231, 234–235, 238–240, 249, 250, 251
sole
see share (support of happiness)
see visit
cake in the shape of – (sole-cake)
180, 183, 185, 196, 199, 200, 205, 206, 208–209, 209–211, 214, 219, 233–234, 242–244, 245–246, 251, 253, 254
guarantee of happiness
237–238, 242–244, 245, 251, 254
footprints
125–127, 192, 198, 200, 211, 245–247, 252
multitude
206, 212, 225–226, 233–234, 243
prohibition (stove)
26, 92n5
propitiation
206, 211–212
pyramid
219, 225–226, 226–229, 231, 233–234, 237
soul (of the human) (süns)
see protection (fox figurine)
see rebirth of the human soul
see stock (of human souls)
afterlife of the –
193–195
chasing –s
16, 125, 153–154
feeding –s
, 26, 80–81, 131, 117, 139, 139n2, 153, 167, 184, 192, 195–198, 195n79, 229
judgement of the – (Erlig, Buddhism)
141, 185
freeing of the –
167, 181
leaving (the body/the skeleton)
92, 100, 140–141, 149, 149n17, 151–153, 166–167
material representation
167, 196, 196n71
purifying the – (of the dead)
168, 184, 188, 218
residence (bones/skeleton, mountain slope)
54, 54n8, 97, 138–139, 175
rebirth
XIII, 21, 97, 129, 131–132, 137, 140–141, 142, 163, 165, 168, 173, 180, 182, 184, 185, 193, 197, 199–200, 214, 249, 250, 251, 252
rites (calling the soul back, pulling the soul, inversions, purifications)
139, 167, 167n8, 169, 182n48, 186–188, 189–193
spiritual entities
5, 10, 15, 15n1, 26, 249, 250
stupidity (of wandering –s)
126, 156, 156n24
wandering, famished –s
15, 18, 33, 86, 92, 99, 117, 123–129, 142, 145–146, 149, 151, 152, 153–154, 156, 159, 165, 167, 169, 172, 173, 197, 198, 200, 204, 229, 232, 246, 249, 252
soup
birth –
136, 147–148, 156–157, 157n26, 157–158, 158–160, 159n7, 162–164, 199, 249
broth
10–11, 39–40, 40n5, 40–45, 59, 64, 68, 75, 76, 76n10, 94, 95, 98–99, 117, 136, 147n14, 156, 157–158, 158–160, 161, 162–163, 173–175, 199, 218, 219, 249
fat (with/without)
41, 44, 45, 45n10, 71, 98, 147, 156–159, 163, 174–175, 178, 180, 184, 219, 234
funeral –
76, 136, 173–175, 173n21, 178–180, 182, 183–185, 195, 199, 213, 249
juice meal
36, 38, 39–40, 40n5, 41, 42–43, 44, 45, 63, 64, 66, 67–68, 69, 71, 72, 75, 76, 76n10, 84–85, 91, 92, 94, 95, 112, 115, 116, 199, 248, 249
meat (flesh/bones)
73n5, 76, 85, 91, 221
new year
212, 218, 230–231, 233–234, 236–237, 249
stock (temporary and limited)
see accumulating (merits) (food)
see happiness (sharing)
see merits (accumulating)
concept of – (Siberian hunting peoples, Hamayon)
129
– of visitors
10, 129–130, 135, 199, 252, 254
– of food
165, 205, 206–208, 211, 212, 214–215, 234, 239, 240, 242–243, 246, 248, 252, 253–254
– of human souls
129–130, 252
stocking, stockpiling (Testart)
253
storage/supply (of food)
6, 18, 21, 22, 25, 36, 37, 44n9, 47, 54, 62–63, 65, 201n1, 225n22, 253
three see sharing (distributing food)
auspicious number
– dishes
215–216, 230–231
odd number (offering)
16, 82, 82n1, 84–85, 116, 131, 145, 156, 189, 192, 195–196, 202, 211, 225–226, 227, 229, 230, 235
rule of – (bowls, food, gestures, call, formula, times, etc.)
82, 82n1, 84–85, 91, 95, 111, 116, 118, 119–120, 145, 152, 154, 158, 161, 172, 197, 208n8, 209, 211, 212, 229, 230–231, 234, 235, 242, 251n1
– days, years
140, 146, 147, 148, 196, 201, 203–204, 215, 249
– entities/souls and – residences of soul (süns) of the human after death
140, 192, 195–196
– stones (tripod, stove)
30
– virile games
120
upper (honorific)
see happiness
see offering (first part, share, drops) (gestures)
– part/share/drops (food, solid or liquid)
26, 80–81, 82–83, 84, 85–86, 87–91, 98, 101, 104, 112, 119–120, 145, 157–158, 162, 176, 177n30, 188n58, 196, 211, 219, 220, 225, 230–231, 234, 235, 237, 238, 239, 240, 243–244, 246, 250
– opening (yurt)
26–27, 169–170, 170n16, 172
visit(s)
see hospitality (nomadic culture)
see merits (making merits, white merits)
see sole (cake, footprints)
see stock (of visitors)
afterlife
192, 193–194, 195
expecting, favoring –
204, 211–212, 212–213, 218, 230, 232, 234, 240
honoring a visitor (food)
42–43, 74–75, 86, 88, 105, 112–113, 113, 116–117, 118–119, 128, 178n35, 204, 216–217, 219–221, 234, 236–238
number, multitude of –
10, 109, 130, 135, 157, 165, 172, 180, 183–184, 184–185, 199, 200, 203–204, 218, 234, 236–238, 240, 243, 245–246, 248
prints (foot/paw)
125, 126–127, 192, 211–212, 245–246, 252
prohibitions
31, 35, 146, 148, 166, 170–171, 171n19, 172
rules, codes, manners
8, 9n9, 15, 17, 21, 25–26, 38, 77, 84, 85, 88, 92n5, 94, 99, 103, 104, 104–105, 106–107, 107–108, 108–109, 110–111, 111–112, 118–119, 120, 122, 123, 136, 148, 162, 204, 213, 225, 232, 236–238, 239, 240, 243, 244, 246, 248
white
auspicious color
116, 163, 188, 201–203, 217–218, 225, 233, 240, 249
scraping bones (making bones white)
36, 97, 99, 161
purifying (whitening)
136–137, 163–164, 173–174, 182, 182n47, 185–188, 218
– dishes
(not only dairy products) 116, 136–137, 163–164, 164n33, 173–174, 183–184, 185–188, 196, 202, 225–226, 229, 231, 233–234, 236, 238–239, 240, 241–242
– food (dairy products)
44, 88, 163, 202, 205, 233n25
– meat
57, 238–239
– merits
163–164, 173–174, 183–184, 184–185, 233–234, 235, 236, 240, 241–242, 243–245
White Month
5, 7, 10, 111, 163, 171n18, 201, 215–216, 217, 219, 229, 232–233, 236, 242–243, 249, 250, 251, 252, 254
– road
17, 117, 187, 238
– soul (human soul, süns)
182, 182n47