Index
aesthetics
Christian
76–77
Zanzibar
39, 88
Africa
5, 102, 113
African hinterland
14, 28, 31, 33, 35, 53, 190, 233
bara
African Initiated Churches
5
Al-Farsy, Shaykh
40
amani
see peace
Amin, Idi
211
Ansār Sunna
32, 40, 44
Arab Peninsula
31
arabocentrism
34–35
ustaarabu
Asad, Talal
169, 200
Assemblies of God (AG)
58, 63
Afro-Shirazi Party (ASP)
38–40, 186
army
Tanzania People’s Defense Force
God’s
191–192
Tanzanian
51, 60, 62, 66–67, 72, 111, 187–188, 191
autonomy
47, 51, 55, 200
Bachoo, Shaykh Nassor
40
baptism
151–152, 159
bara
42
mainland
Bauman, Chad M.
169, 173
belonging
identity
African
35
Christian
9, 14, 76, 84–85, 87, 97, 99, 111, 119, 123, 128, 142, 145–147, 158, 167–168, 170, 172, 184, 195, 208–212, 215, 220–221, 224–231
local categories of (mpemba, mshirazi, mhadimu, mtumbatu, mswahili)
30, 36
mainland
14, 76, 105–108, 123, 145, 172, 221, 226
Muslim
2, 14, 31–33, 54, 80, 168, 198, 215, 221–222
national (Tanzanian)
4, 147, 204–212
(non-)
123, 225
Pentecostal
4, 11–12, 14, 17, 85–108, 123, 130, 136, 145–147, 152, 224–225, 228, 233
religious
4, 12–14, 18, 20, 25, 28, 42, 54–55, 213, 215, 220, 228–233
Roman Catholic
99
social locations
13, 142, 213
values
14–15, 140–145
Zanzibari
12, 14–15, 19, 28–31, 44, 53, 147, 205
Bible
classes/studies
21, 62, 64, 86, 88, 90, 111, 117, 122
power of
93
use of
78, 80, 94, 126
born again
CCC; kuokoka; Pentecostal-Charismatic Christianity
Christianity
59, 66, 180, 232
life-styles
9, 87–89, 91–98, 104–106, 206, 232
Bourdieu, Pierre
35
Burundi
66
Calvary Assemblies of God (CAG)
58
Casanova, José
196
Castells, Manuel
42
Chama cha Mapinduzi (CCM)
27–28, 31, 39–48, 51–52, 164, 174, 186, 192
change
conversion
agents of
153, 157, 215
cultural
9, 41–43, 158, 198, 218
political
7, 38–43, 176, 190, 198, 201, 206, 219, 221
religious
3, 41, 55, 80–81, 158, 194, 219
social
8, 10, 54, 80, 109, 125, 130, 149, 154, 165–181, 198 226
cell group (zone)
21, 23–25, 64, 67, 90, 115, 122, 128–129, 205
China
39
Christianity
Africa
5–6, 121, 128
Egypt
97, 168
India
168–169, 173
Melanesia
144
Tanzania
6–7
Zanzibar
51–52, 55–58, 171–175
Christian churches
Anglican
56–58, 60, 62, 66, 172, 176, 204
attacks on
43, 53, 164, 173
Coptic
97, 168
Evangelical Lutheran Church of Tanzania
57, 60–61, 67
Pentecostal
57–58
Roman Catholic
56–58, 60, 66, 99, 102, 111, 165, 172–173, 176, 204
Christian crusades
172
public preaching
Christian growth
3, 14, 170, 176–178, 183, 199, 221, 228
Christian hegemony
43, 218
Mfumo Kristo
Christian mission
City Christian Center; Christian witness evangelization; spiritual warfare
and interfaith activities
212
Anglican
56
in Ghana
201
in Indonesia
93
in Zanzibar
34, 37, 43, 52–53, 56–58, 60, 62, 111, 171, 202, 217
international
62, 211, 230
Lutheran
57, 60
Pentecostal
43, 57, 62, 211
Roman Catholic
56
short-term
230
Christian Mission Fellowship
57
Christian rallies
153, 157
public preaching
Christian values
85, 100, 197–198, 201, 220, 228
Christian witness
78, 95, 152–153, 157, 168–169, 181–182, 189
Church of God Tanzania (COGT)
57
citizenship
Christian
10, 206–208
in Zanzibar
39, 205
legal
204–205
national
10
Tanzanian
205, 208, 211, 221–222
City Christian Center (CCC)
Pentecostal-Charismatic Christianity in Zanzibar
Pentecostal practices
58–59, 85–98, 125–135, 151–171, 178–184, 191– 194, 205
history
62–64
international links
63–64
mainland origins
66–68, 103–108
members
69–81, 85–98, 106–108
migration
66–67, 69–72
neo-Pentecostal features
59
organization
64–65
theology
99–103, 135–140
Civil United Front (CUF)
41–42, 45–47, 50
civilization
uungwana; ustaarabu
Christianity
179
Zanzibar
15, 28–33, 35, 37, 142, 217, 224
civilized
see mstaarabu
clothes
120, 124, 128, 158
colonialism
Arab
26, 37, 190, 216
British
18, 26, 36–37
Christian
217
mainland
217
Muslim
104
narratives of
2, 37, 54, 213, 215
western
202
community
CCC
104–106, 112–123, 136
imagined
54
origins
106, 130, 135
Pentecostal
91–94
temporal
132
conflict
cultural
9–10, 76
in Zanzibar
11, 25, 30, 34–35, 43, 53, 107, 171–177, 222
inter-religious
7–8, 181, 203–204, 212, 222–223
intra Muslim
43
political
30
social
10, 201, 223
spiritual
158, 166, 190
within the CCC
127
contradictory consciousness
15, 34
conversion
75
born again; kuokoka
Christian
79, 87–88, 104, 132, 152, 182, 227
Muslim
33–34, 102, 176
ongoing
59, 88
Creps, Earl
151–152
cultural capital
35–37
culture
Dumont; CCC; Robbins; Swahili culture
counter-
9, 178, 201, 228
duplex
227
holistic
18, 141
individualistic
18, 141
mainland
75, 142–143, 217–218, 220
Muslim
74
negotiation of
30–33, 220
part-
227
Pentecostal
4, 9, 181, 197, 201, 222–223, 226–228
popular
116
second
227
Zanzibar
2, 4, 14–15, 18, 28–32, 35, 41, 71, 80, 102, 141–143, 161, 172–173, 175, 183, 217–218, 221–223
dance
115–116, 121, 175
dawa
see medicine
da’wa
see Islamic mission
Deleuze, Gilles
14
deliverance
98, 153, 210
spiritual warfare
from evil
6, 83, 113, 154
services
23, 64
spiritual
83, 116–117, 120–121, 123, 129, 134, 150, 154, 190
Demerath III, N. J.
194
democracy
Christian views on
198
multiparty
41
democratic rights
48
development
discourses on
46, 57, 79, 83, 177, 180, 198, 202, 226
national
198, 209
spiritual
89–94, 137–138
Devil
1, 81, 85, 96–97, 106, 126, 159, 166, 171, 179
Satan
descent
30–31, 33–37, 39, 54, 75, 132, 220
discourse
6, 10, 12, 14–15, 19, 23, 31–35, 37, 42, 53–55, 64, 79–80, 88, 102, 104, 107, 123, 133, 142, 150, 159–161, 168–169, 171–175, 177–180, 184, 192, 196–199, 201, 203, 209, 216–217, 219–223, 232
dividual
136, 144
divorce
213
doubt
91–94, 97, 117, 189, 191
Dumont, Louis
16–19, 31, 55, 101–102, 139–141, 143–144, 172, 200–201, 225, 228
East Africa
20, 29, 37, 103, 171, 233
economic liberalization
18, 29, 40, 57, 186
education
35, 56, 61–62, 79–80, 93, 99, 107, 110, 119, 122, 154, 197–198, 212
EFATHA
58
egalitarian
123, 144
Egypt
40, 97, 168
ELIMU Pentecoste
58
Englund, Harri
9, 11, 94, 96, 108, 149, 182–183
equality
19, 183
Evangelical Assemblies of God Tanzania
57
evangelization
7, 20, 23–24, 157, 173, 176, 198
evil
5–6, 10, 55, 81–85, 87–89, 91–101, 105–108, 112, 116–117, 125, 134, 136–140, 143, 150, 153, 157–160, 165–167, 169–171, 177–183, 186, 193–194, 200–201, 207, 220, 222, 225, 227–229
nguvu za giza: spiritual; spiritual beings
exchange
cultural
29, 222
economies of
110, 122–123, 126, 132, 135, 140
faith techniques
89–96
kujitambua; spiritual warfare
family
Christian
110–122, 128–130, 132–133, 135, 138, 140, 145–147, 182, 227
of origins
103–106, 130–131, 135, 145–147
Farid Ahmed, Shaykh
27–28, 164, 215
father
of the nation
209–210
spiritual
111–119
fellowship
88, 90–91, 109–111, 133, 182, 225
Free Pentecostal Church of Tanzania (FPCT)
57, 60–61
freedom
33, 38, 49, 71, 74, 78–83, 107, 142, 186, 189–195, 198–200, 203 210, 214
Frei-Weber, Daniel
115
friday prayer
60, 121, 187
Fouéré, Marie-Aude
15
Geertz, Clifford
120
German Democratic Republic
39
gender relations
12, 19, 119–122, 128–135
Ghana
122, 124, 179, 201
Gifford, Paul
5
Glassman, Jonathon
15, 33
God
33, 86–87, 89–91, 94–97, 99–102, 106–108, 110–114, 117–119, 123–126, 129–130, 132–140, 144, 152–154, 158–159, 165–167, 168, 179, 181–182, 188, 191–193, 195, 200, 205–206, 211, 222–223
army; nguvu za nuru; victory
Government of National Unity (GNU)
46, 48, 50
Gramsci, Antonio
15, 34
Hackmann, Jörg
170
Hamad, Seif Sharif
45
Haule, Cosmas
110
Haynes, Naomi
122
healing
deliverance; uganga
pentecostal
6, 59, 86, 93–94, 101, 112, 115–116, 153–154, 178, 182
Muslim
32
traditional
32, 117
hegemony
34, 37, 43, 218
colonialism; mfumo kristo
hierarchy
Church
113–114, 122, 130
social
34–35, 54, 75, 122–123, 147
theory of hierarchical opposition
16–19
holism
18, 110, 140–144
holistic
culture
141–142
theology
92, 101–102, 138–140
Holy Spirit
69, 88, 92, 99–100, 113, 117, 121, 140
homeland
67, 143, 227, 229, 231
migrants
human weakness
76, 91, 93, 95, 133, 165
identity
belonging; personhood
Christian
123, 167, 169, 227, 229
defensive
42, 114
narrative
13–14
national
3, 4, 14, 36, 41–42, 147, 170, 205, 208, 221
Pentecostal
9, 22, 66, 87, 104, 108
politics
12, 42–43, 156, 183–184, 222–223, 226
religious
3, 4, 9, 11, 33, 181, 203–204, 210, 222
social
138–140
struggles over
2, 29, 38, 40, 53, 54
Zanzibari
46, 53, 177, 220
ideology
ujamaa; ustaarabu
and culture
16–17
language
93
Pentecostal
15, 220
Tanzanian national
8, 15, 141, 147, 194, 209
Zanzibar
15
India
31, 56, 168–169, 173
Indian Ocean
28–29, 32, 83, 224
trade
56
Indians
32, 36–37, 86
individualism
18–19, 102, 110, 136, 140–142, 144, 201
insecurity
73, 91, 124–125, 127, 132, 134–135
interfaith activities
20, 211–212
intersectional analysis
16, 25, 232
inter-religious conflicts in Tanzania
7–8
conflict
inter-religious cooperation
see interfaith activities
Islam
Ibādi
32, 60
in Zanzibar
31–39
Salafi and Wahhabi movements
32, 40–41
Shi’a
32
Sufi brotherhoods
32, 34, 44
Sunni
32
Islamic courts
8, 213
Islamic law
214
Islamic mission
41
Islamic scholars
35, 39
ulama
Israel
155
Jesus
deliverance; healing
and change
86–87, 89, 108, 157, 172, 182, 186, 200, 210, 212–213
and democracy
198
and politics
195
and suffering
167
for Zanzibar
3, 155, 180, 222, 227, 231–233
as life
100–102, 117, 125, 151, 199
Jumbe, Aboud
40
JUMAZA
45–46
Juma, Shaykh Musa
48
Jumiki
see Uamsho
Kaganga, Dixon
20, 23, 62–64, 95, 100–102, 105, 110–125, 127, 129–130, 132, 134, 137, 145–146, 153, 156, 158–159, 161–162, 164, 167–169, 180, 187, 191, 193, 199, 211, 215, 230
Kaganga, Esther
119, 122, 134, 154
Kallinen, Timo
200–201
Kanisa la Pentecoste Tanzania, (the Pentecostal Church of Tanzania)
57, 61
Karume, Abeid
38–40, 207
Karume, Amani
45
Kawawa, Sophia
52
Keane, Webb
93
Keshodkar, Akbar
54
Kikwete, Jakaya
210
kin
74–75, 87, 103–106, 126, 130–132, 135, 140, 145–147, 182–183, 214, 221, 225, 227–229
kinship; spiritual kinship
kinship
37, 103, 110, 146, 221
kin; spiritual kinship
knowledge
35, 110, 112, 116–117, 119, 179–180
Kombo, Thabit
192
kujitambua
90, 94, 160
self-awareness
kuokoka
59
kutafuta maisha
85, 107, 138
life
land
157, 174–177, 199
law
197, 205–206
Islamic Law
leadership
father; Nyerere
African
113
Christian
64, 111, 123, 130
gendered
119–122
political
38, 208, 210
Lehti, Marko
170
liberation
salvation, revolution
African
2, 42–43, 223
from evil
169
from the past
221
political
4, 189, 192, 210, 216, 225
spiritual
190–192, 210–212, 220, 225
life
prosperity; kutafuta maisha; uzima
complete
101, 103, 137, 225
good
10, 16, 19, 69–71, 73–75, 84, 88, 98–103, 105, 108, 119, 132, 136, 139–140, 143, 145, 188, 224, 228–229, 231, 233
lifestyle
Christian
106, 128, 135, 215
mercantile
31
moral
152
Livingstone, David
56
Livingstone Academy
22, 62, 93, 154
Loimeier, Roman
177
love
demonic
80, 83–84
physical
89, 133
religious manifestation of
89, 158–160, 171, 198, 223
Macchia, Frank
159
maendeleo
see development
Mahmood, Saba
201, 204
Mainland Tanzania
1–4, 11, 14, 24, 27–29, 37, 39, 46, 51, 53, 58, 70, 104–105, 107, 142–143, 147–148, 185–187, 189–190, 193–194, 204, 212, 214–215, 220–221, 224, 226–227, 230, 232
bara; mainlander; mbara; Tanganyika; Union
mainlander/mainlanders
belonging; mbara; migrants
African
38, 190
discourses on
2–4, 15, 53, 58, 66, 76, 98, 134, 147, 187, 221, 226, 229, 232
Christian
13–14, 62, 66–67, 85, 107, 116, 123, 146–147, 184, 212, 219–220, 222, 232
Muslim
183, 213
maisha
see life
majority
3–4, 8, 29, 66, 76, 98, 118, 121, 153, 156–157, 167, 172–173, 175–178, 181, 184, 199, 204, 209, 213, 220, 227, 230
Malawi
11, 94, 96, 105, 182
Manchester School
25
maombi
see prayer
maombezi
see deliverance
mapinduzi daima
42
revolution (permanent), CCM
marriage
adulthood and
128
dreams of
87
in the CCC
128–130, 132, 145–146
inter-religious
214
Muslim
52, 79, 133
sexual relations outside
124, 133–134
Marshall, Ruth
88–89, 108, 119, 180–181, 225
martyr
167–168
martyrdom
167–169
materiality
93
Mauss, Marcel
123
Maxwell, David
129
mbara
14, 47, 107, 147, 222
mainlander
media
Muslim
92
Christian
80–81, 154–156
international
49, 155
national
21, 52–53, 156–157, 162, 169
social
154, 156
medicine
healing; uganga
traditional
32, 213
men’s fellowship (siku ya baba)
64
Meyer, Birgit
149, 178–179
mfumo kristo
218
mhadhara/mihadhara
48, 50, 52
public preaching
migrants
mainlander; mbara
Christian
67, 94, 114, 177, 222
in North America
75
labor
53, 66–67, 70, 130, 132, 140, 217
mainland
57, 70–81, 106–107, 110, 114, 126, 142, 147, 183, 186, 224, 229
Muslim
219
relationships to home
103
migration
African
10
and Christianity
3, 10, 55–57, 66–68
and mainland origins
37, 42, 70, 80, 217
and mission
56–57
and tourism
66, 177
economic
4, 72, 75
intra-continental
109
labor
3, 11, 70, 98, 231, 233
to Zanzibar
34, 37, 42, 66, 108
transnational
109
urban-rural
11, 175
minority
4, 20, 29, 64, 97, 152, 167–168, 172, 175, 184–185, 204, 213, 225, 230
mission
see Christian mission; evangelization; Islamic mission
Mkapa, Benjamin
210
modernity
18, 109, 198, 202
money
bitter
102
moral
102–103
struggles for
69–73
Mokiwa, Valentino Leonard
53
moral
critique
210
living
138
Mosko, Mark
144
mother
110, 114, 119–122, 132, 225
mtu mzima
24, 101, 128, 130
Mufti’s Office
8, 41, 44, 51, 202
Mulago, Vincent
93, 137–140
Mungu
see God
music
and Islam
175
Christian
172, 176, 215
gospel
78, 115, 130
taarab
130
Muslim
belonging; conflicts; culture; healing; norms; politics; Zanzibar society
reform movements in Zanzibar
40, 44–45, 203, 217
struggles
43
values
197
Muslim-Christian relationships
4, 7, 51, 182, 229
Mwinyi, Ali Hassan
52
mzanzibari
13–14, 29, 42, 47, 53–54, 57, 75–76, 85, 107, 132, 147, 199, 218, 222
mzanzibara
14, 42, 47, 53, 132
narrative
approach
14, 22–23
belonging
53, 79–80, 98, 215, 233
biblical
167–168
CCC
116, 146, 157
Christian growth
14, 98–99, 108, 166, 191, 200, 221, 228
civilization
15
collective
105
colonial
213, 215
conversion
87, 104
counter
85
evil
182, 193
life
23
liberation
186, 192, 194, 223, 225
oppression
75, 78
peace
56, 197, 208
praxis
182
revolutionary
189, 192, 221
regulation
157
salvation
169, 195
suffering
168–170
success
119
Tanzania
207, 210
Union
196
victory
166
Zanzibar
80, 104–105, 117, 134, 188, 197, 217
nationalism
ujamaa
African
15, 137
and Pentecostal belonging
228
as imagined communities
15
in Tanzania
4, 15, 124, 207–208
Zanzibar
36
Zanzibari
15, 19, 177
national ethos in Tanzania
207–210, 221
neo-liberal policies
141
neo-pentecostalism
59
nguvu
power; spiritual
za giza
82, 86, 137, 158, 166, 190
za nuru
100, 137, 158
Nigeria
88, 180–181
norms
8, 31, 57, 76, 142, 171, 176, 214
Nyerere, Julius Kambarage
15, 46, 66, 111, 192, 207–212, 218
Oduyoye, Mercy Amba
122
Omani rule
32, 34, 36, 56, 189
O’Neill, Keith
206
organizations
1, 31, 43–46, 51–53, 161, 188, 196, 197, 214, 231
Organization of the Islamic Conference
52
pan-Africanism
37, 207, 211, 221
participation
communal
110, 135
vital
135–140
peace
7, 46, 101, 180, 182, 191–192, 195, 197, 204–206, 209–212, 221
Pemba
29–30, 53, 68
Pentecostal-Charismatic Christianity
5–8, 10, 29, 57–58, 124, 139– 140, 142, 144, 149, 160, 167, 173, 178, 196, 208, 227
the City Christian Center
Pentecostal Fellowship of Africa (PEFA)
58
Perkins, Judith
167–168
persecution
156, 166–170, 230
personhood
135–144
Pew Forum
6
Pinda, Mizengo
46
political equality
203–204, 209
politics
politics of belonging; identity
multi-party
29
Muslim
53
Pentecostal-Charismatic Christian
9, 195–197, 201, 206
religion and
43, 46, 195, 203–204, 207, 209, 211, 219
politics of belonging
12–15, 28, 42, 54, 191 , 219–223, 226
Pouwels, Randall
33
power
bible; evil, nguvu; spiritual
dark
97, 159, 170
political
19, 39, 54, 201
relations
215
practice
Christian
9–10, 12, 14, 20, 70, 87–89, 94–96, 101, 108, 114, 118, 134, 144, 147, 152, 162, 196, 206, 220–223, 225, 228–230
cultural
142, 198
discursive
9, 23, 54, 88–89, 119, 135, 160, 225, 230
ethical
104
healing
178
Muslim
41, 44–45, 111, 222
moral
171
public
149–150, 153–154, 159–160, 177–180, 188, 225, 232
religious
55, 80
secular
199, 203
self-fashioning
7, 106
spiritual
10, 153, 160, 180–183, 196
prayer
1, 10, 64, 86, 88–91, 96, 113, 120–122, 153–154, 158–162, 170, 180, 188, 206, 208, 211, 232
deliverance; spiritual warfare
prayer groups
64
prayer warriors
91
Probyn, Elspeth
14
prosperity
10, 66, 87, 92, 123–124, 135, 140
kutafuta maisha
prosperity teachings
59, 92, 102, 107, 124
public
practice
culture
77, 149, 187
going
149–160, 168, 184, 221
making
178–181, 184, 221
sphere
7, 9, 29, 121, 147, 149, 169, 176, 197–198, 203, 222, 225
preaching
7, 27, 44, 47–48, 80, 153–154
Redeemed Gospel Church
58
revolution
2, 15, 29, 36, 38–39, 42–43, 52, 57, 83, 85, 186, 189–192, 197, 211, 221, 223, 232
relational approach
11, 224
relatives
family
in spirit
110, 125
Muslim
104
of origins
101, 103, 106, 132
religiocentrism
197–199, 204, 209–210
religion
African traditional
179
as dini
32, 76, 176
mila
32, 41, 43, 176
civil
209
freedom of
203
religious
conflict; belonging; change; identity; unity
coexistence
10, 56, 182
difference
2–3, 14, 20, 36, 55, 204, 212–213, 224
soundscapes
154, 175–176
rupture
9, 11, 87–88, 104–105, 117, 124, 192, 221, 225–228
Robbins, Joel
9, 17, 105, 141
rukhsa
see economic liberalisation
Rwanda
66
sacralization
194, 202
sacred
192, 194, 200, 215, 221, 225, 229
salvation
18, 85, 88–103, 105, 108–110, 114, 119, 125, 130, 133, 135–140, 142–145, 147, 158–160, 169, 180–182, 187, 188, 190, 192–193, 195, 208, 210–211, 222, 224–229
Satan
10, 82, 136, 139, 165, 193
Devil; evil
Schatzberg, Michael G.
113
Schieffelin, Bambi B.
13
secular
constitution
197
differentiation
195–196, 198, 200–201, 203
discourse
197, 201, 203, 209
education
79–80, 197
ideology
8, 194
religiosity
209
spheres
202
state
4, 39, 185–186, 192, 221
values
197, 201, 212
secularism
political
186, 195–197, 202–203, 209
regulation
204
Tanzania
4, 8, 39, 212
Zanzibar
39, 201
secularization
18, 194–203, 215, 220–221
security
72, 89, 107–110, 116–117, 119–120, 123–125, 127, 129, 135, 147, 162, 188, 192
self-awareness
89–91, 102, 108, 135, 141, 152, 206
kujitambua
sexual relations
74, 89, 95, 133–134
shari’a
see Islamic law
Shein, Ali Mohamed
48, 210
Shenoda, Anthony
96–97
Siikala, Juha
141
skepticism
96–97, 125, 177
suspicion
slavery
12, 33, 37, 190
social alienation
98
social hazards
83, 105, 107, 156
social mobilization
222
social organization
9, 11, 64, 109–110, 122–123, 149, 221
social pressure
25, 75–76, 89, 134
social regulations
115, 142, 146
social relations
4, 6, 11, 15–16, 28, 28, 42, 74, 84, 89, 104, 124–134, 137, 141, 150, 182–183, 225, 229
socialism
141, 207 209
ujamaa
Soothill, Jane
124, 134
spirit baptism
159
spirit possession
82–83 144, 154, 175, 179
spiritual
attacks
104–105, 117, 121, 159
authority
113, 120
battle
121, 159–160, 170, 182, 193
bondage
133, 191
cleansing
150
empowerment
159, 169
engagements
159, 211
expertise
117
gifts
59
growth
89, 98–99, 135
idiom
5, 10, 159
forces
10, 81, 92, 140, 159, 224
kinship
124–125, 130, 135, 140, 145–147, 182–183, 221, 225, 229
knowledge
110, 116
maturity
90–92, 94–95, 99, 108, 110, 118, 135, 138, 152–153, 206, 220
power
6, 113, 116, 119, 134, 154, 165, 180, 207
realm
81, 84, 158, 164, 166–167, 180
victory
92, 164, 166, 169, 181
war
10, 150, 160–161, 165–166, 178, 189, 193, 225
warfare
10, 59, 98, 136, 150, 157–160, 164–170, 178–183, 207, 225
well-being
101
spiritual beings
ancestral
100, 179
cultivation of
83, 121, 190
demons
82–83, 100, 105, 117, 142
evil spirits
82–84, 87, 92–97, 114, 116–117, 135, 138
jini/majini
32, 82
mzimu/mizimu
32, 62, 82, 100
pepo/mapepo
32, 82, 100, 157, 190
shetani/mashetani
32, 82
Stark, Rodney
167–168
Strathern, Marylin
144
Stone Town
25, 27, 52, 56, 58, 60, 64, 69, 72, 86, 133, 160
Structural Adjustment Programs
41
economic liberalization
suffering
98, 104–105, 164–169, 179, 183, 222, 225
Sundnes Drønen, Tomas
167
suspicion
106, 108, 174
skepticism
Swahili coast
29, 34, 56
Swahili culture
2, 13–14, 18, 29–37, 41, 54, 81, 217
Swahili language
30, 209
Swahili proverb
120
Swedish Pentecostal Mission
57
Tanganyika
38, 189–190, 207, 216
Tanner, Kathryn
227
Tanzania Assemblies of God (TAG)
3, 24, 57–58, 63, 87, 111, 113, 152, 211
City Christian Center
Tanzania African National Union
39, 186
Tanzania People’s Defense Force
1, 66
Tawhîd
32–33, 45
unity, Muslim
Taussig, Michael
96–97
temporalities
194, 228–229
theology
African
137
Pentecostal
10, 88, 100, 113, 151–152
relational
138–140
Roman Catholic
138
Uamsho
1, 21, 25, 27–29, 31, 43–54, 153, 161, 164, 171, 174, 187–188, 197, 203, 210, 215–216, 220, 222
udini
see religiocentrism
udugu
132
uhuru
see freedom
ujamaa
141, 147, 209, 211–212, 218
ukombozi
210
liberation; salvation
ulama
40
Islamic scholars
umma
33
umoja
see unity
Unguja
29, 53, 59, 68, 73, 102, 133
United Republic of Tanzania
1–3, 15, 29, 38, 46, 184–186, 188, 192, 194–195, 204, 208, 213, 224
Union
unity
African
15
Christian
107, 145–147, 221
Muslim
44–45, 220
national
186, 196–197, 212
religious
212
Swahili
30–32
Tanzanian
147, 196–197, 204–205, 208–211, 220
Zanzibari
45–46, 220
Union
colonialism
215, 217
contestations
1–4, 8, 155, 174, 185, 204, 225
critique
27–28, 41–43, 46–51, 54, 77, 161, 216, 218–220
sacred
192–194, 221
secular
194–199
support
42–43, 186–192, 208, 212, 221–222
ushenzi
34–35
ustaarabu
35–39, 54, 57, 176, 204
uungwana
33
ustaarabu
uzima
100–103, 138–140, 169, 228–229
life
van Dijk, Rijk
105
Vattimo, Gianni
200
victory
Christian
183–184
God’s
100, 166–167, 170
Victory Church International (VCI)
58
violence
anti-Arab
38
anti-Christian
52, 168–169, 173–174
anti-Union
50, 195
non-
158, 160, 181, 223
Pentecostal interpretations of
81, 149–150, 157–166, 180–181
physical
181
riots
2, 48–51, 231
wabara
see mbara
wazanzibari
see mzanzibari
wazanzibara
see mzanzibara
wedding
21, 25, 125, 128–131, 145, 147, 154
West, Harry G.
179
West Africa
8, 104
wholeness
101–102
witchcraft
7, 10, 32, 84, 89, 93, 139
women’s group (siku ya mama)
64, 88, 90, 115, 120–122
worldviews
African traditional
137
dualistic
5, 10, 84, 98, 106, 220
xenophobia
218
Yong, Amos
9, 158, 181 n. 58
youth fellowship (siku ya vijana)
21, 64, 75, 88, 115, 122, 129–130, 231
Yuval-Davis, Nira
13
zama za siasa (time of politics)
37
Zanzibar and Pemba People’s Party
38
Zanzibar National Party
38
Zanzibar society
3, 11–13, 52
Zanzibar Town
51, 57–59, 61, 64, 67–68, 73, 111, 133, 150–151, 154, 164, 171, 187
Zanzibari
see mzanzibari; wazanzibari
Zanzibari nationalism
see nationalism
Zimbabwe
66, 125, 185