Index
academic papers, bogus 55
achieved status 3
,
96
,
138
Ackman, Bill 110
addiction to smart phones, tablets, etc. 48 –49
Adelson, Stuart 63
adjunct college teachers. see college teachers: adjunct
advertising 34
,
44
,
48
,
49
,
50
,
51
détournement 23n57
African Americans 14
,
97
,
98 –99 139
,
177 –79
Ebonics 40
Flint, Michigan 66 –67 125
hair industry 114 –15
housing assistance 176
housing segregation 38
incarceration 98
,
111
,
174
New Orleans 70 –71 125
poverty rate 172
technology industry 167
.
civil rights movement
agriculture/agribusiness 121 –22 145
employment 94
Middle Ages 97
subsidies 84
,
145
tenant farmers 98
Airbnb 167
air traffic controllers’ strikes 86
,
136
Alexander, Michelle 98 –99
alienation 3
,
4
,
35
,
36
,
37
,
65
,
111
Al Jazeera 72
American Indians. see Native Americans
anarchist theory 14
,
184
ancient Greece (Athens) 18 –19 31
,
56
,
95
,
96
,
143
,
157
ancient Rome 84
,
104
law 2
slave revolts 185
Anderson, Cami 57
Animal Farm (Orwell) 65
,
90
Apple Computer 42
,
51
,
145
architecture 48
aristocrats and aristocracy 75 –76 81
,
97
,
143 –44 162
ancient Greece 95
Aristotle view 64
Britain 97
,
152
,
158
France 75
,
97
,
158 –59
Russia 75
Aristotle 19
,
46
,
56
,
64
,
100
ascribed status 3
,
76
,
87
,
97
,
138
,
139 –43
Asian Americans in high-tech industry 167
Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc. 109
Athens 126
.
ancient Greece (Athens)
attorneys. see lawyers
audience (spectatorship). see spectatorship
audience segmentation 33 –37 47
,
48
authority, legitimate and illegitimate, xii 10
,
32
automation 36
,
41
,
61
autonomy 18
,
20
,
31
,
185 –86
crowds and 35
Bachmann, Michele 178
Bakunin, Mikhail 2
,
186
bankruptcy 57
,
97
,
107
banks and banking 68
,
84
,
91
,
102
,
132 –33
Bank of England 100
U.S. history 101
.
Federal Reserve; World Bank
banned books. see censorship
Baptist, Edward: Half Has Never Been Told 177
Barthes, Roland 15
,
26
base and superstructure (Marxist theory) 2
,
104
Basquiat, Jean-Michel 119
Baudrillard, Jean 15
,
25
,
26 –29 30
,
33
,
51
,
99 –100 184
on China 80
on cloning 116
hyper-commodification 108
on medium as message 51 –52
view of value 100
Bearden v. Georgia 176 –77
beauty industry 115
Benson, Bob 55
Bentham, Jeremy 21
Bible 180
Big Brother (Orwell entity) 61
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation 57
billionaires 46
,
52
,
57
,
63
,
140
,
146
,
161
annual incomes 160
biofuels 121 –22
birth, medicalization of 117
Bitcoins 101
black Americans. see African Americans
Blau, Peter 5 –6 7 –8 9 –10 34
,
79
blood trade 115
Bloomberg, Michael R. 63
,
160
,
161
Blumer, Herbert 6
,
7
Bolivia 123
book-banning. see censorship
bordars (cottars) 93
,
95
,
152
,
167
,
169
bots (algorithms) 48
bourgeoisie (middle class) 75
,
92
Dahrendorf view 75
debt 106 –7
lower 93
,
152
Marx views 92
,
93
,
94
petite 92
,
93
Sweden 75
,
152
,
154
upper (haute) 75 –76
Brattin, Rick 45
Brave New World (Huxley) 51
,
186n8
Brave New World Revisited (Huxley) 40
,
69
breast milk monetization 112 –13
Bresch, Heather 110
Bretton Woods Accord 131 –32
Britain 72
breast milk monetization 112
caste 141
“color-blindness” of 179
hair monetization 114
as hegemon 105
income inequality 147
,
150
,
154
wealth inequality 147 –48 154
,
156
welfare 176
.
East India Company;
England
broadcasting 129
,
141 –42 television
Buchanan, Pat 177 –78
Buffet, Warren 160
,
161
Bush, George W. 72
Butler, Judith 16
California 63
,
66
,
111
,
122
,
145
call centers 128
,
175
Callinicos, Alex 15
Cambodia 113
campaign financing. see elections: campaign financing
Capital (Marx) 73
,
91 –92 94
,
103
“capital” and “capitalism” (words) 103
,
104
carbon trading 124
Carnegie, Andrew 161
caste, x, xi 2
,
30
,
33 –34 73
,
74 –75 80 –82 87
,
96
,
157 –77
African Americans 97 –99 139
ascribed status and 87
boundary-blurring 97 –98
education and 40 –44
food and 45
hardening of 79
,
81
India 33
,
37 –38 39
,
137
,
138
law and 67
social and spatial isolation 39 –40
Soviet Union 89
,
90
United States 80
,
97 –99 139 –42 159 –62 165 –67 170 –77
Weber 13
,
14
,
17
,
31
.
ruling caste
Castoriadis, Cornelius 15
,
17 –21 25
,
30
,
61 –62 73
,
80
,
142
“bureaucratic capitalism” 88
Debord and 23
“imaginary” 18
,
19 –20 184
,
185
on labor interdependence 83
on monetary reward 85 –86
on revolt 186
views of caste 13
,
17
,
74
Catholic Church 119
Celock, John 178
censorship 52
,
72
,
180 –81
Cha, Laura 62
charter schools 57 –58 144
Cheney, Dick 120
children: death penalty for 178
labor 77
Marxist view 86
monetization 117
Plato view 147
play (simulacrum) 49
,
129
China 31
,
62
,
81
,
131
,
137
,
157
152
,
156
Baudrillard on 80
carbon trading 124
collective memory 53
“cyber wall” 52
Disney resorts 25
,
28
Hollywood film industry 127
income inequality 151
,
156 –57
online dating 118
organ trade 115
Panama Papers and 145
rich people 90
Song dynasty 103
surveillance 71
Tiananmen Square massacre, 1989 53
,
62
,
81
trade 135
wealth inequality 88 –89 149
,
156
choice, illusion of 52
Chomsky, Noam 52
Christianity 119
,
177 –78 179 –80
Ciavarella, Mark, Jr. 111
Cisco Systems 52
,
167
cities, emergency management of. see emergency management of cities
Citigroup 66
Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission 59
,
63
City University of New York 56
civil rights movement 182
,
185
Civil War (United States) 76
Clark, Gregory 87
class, x 30
,
89
,
90 –99
education and 42
mobility, xi 10
Weber 11 –12 13
.
bourgeoisie; social mobility; working classes
“class” (word) 91
class conflict 30
Clemente, Frank 55
climate change 83
denial 50
,
55
,
180
Clinton, Bill 47
,
63
,
141
,
142
,
175
Clinton, Chelsea 141 –42
Clinton, Hillary 47
,
48
,
63
,
64
,
142
cloning 109
,
116
closed circuit TV cameras 71
Coca-Cola 121
,
127
Cold War 111
coli. see corporate-owned life insurance (coli)
college education 42 –43 55 –58 139 –40 141
,
162
college teachers 85
,
140
adjunct 58
,
61
,
87
,
171
Collins, Randall 7
Colombia 117
,
185
commodification 108 –37
Common Core program 58
,
144
commons, enclosure of 57
,
77
,
78
,
82
,
129
community colleges 43
Comte, Auguste 5
conflict of interest 55
conflict theory 14
conformity and nonconformity 5
,
8
,
9
Congress, U.S. see U.S. Congress“conscious collective” (Durkheim), 6
conspicuous consumption 26
,
97
,
117
,
128
Conspicuous Consumption (Veblen) 128
consumer alienation 35
consumer debt 57
,
59
,
101
,
106 –7 170
.
student loans
consumption 36
,
127
,
128 –29 137
Baudrillard views 26
caste and 44 –45
culture and 10 –11
debt and 107
.
conspicuous consumption
Cooley, Charles Horton 6
corn 121 –22
corporate charters 104 –5
corporate control of food 120 –22
corporate-owned life insurance (coli) 118
corporate personhood 58 –59
corporate taxes 144 –45
corporations, high-tech. see high-tech corporations
corruption, judiciary. see judiciary corruption
cosmetics industry 115
cosmetic surgery 117 –18
cottars. see bordars (cottars)
courts 176
.
judiciary corruption; U.S. Supreme Court
Cowen, Tyler 75
creation myths 18
creationism 180
creditor-debtor relations 91
,
126
credit default swaps 102
criminalization of poverty 176
criminal justice 110 –12 173 –77 prison
crises 20 –21
permanent 69
.
financial crises
critical pedagogy 29
critical theory 14 –29
Cuba 62
,
81
cultural segmentation. see sociocultural segmentation
culture 4 –5 40
,
51
capitalist 25
,
127
inequality and 9
currency 100 –101 131n111
,
135
customer service 36
,
128
Cyprus: fertility industry 116
Dahrendorf, Ralf 13
,
32
,
75
,
90 –91 93
,
96
,
103
Dalit 37 –38
dating, online. see online dating
death, monetization of 118 –20
death penalty for children 178
Debord, Guy 17
,
23 –28 30
,
31
,
47
,
61 –62 75
,
79
,
80
,
186
détournement 23
,
186
on law 67
on leisure 129
Marxism and 15
,
23
on money 108
on social isolation 36 –37
on spectacular government 53
on state-economy integration 159
on terrorism 70
on unification of time 127 –28
view of architecture 48
view of production and consumption of images 51
view of spectacular socialism 88
views of capitalism 2
,
24
,
79
debt 74
,
101
,
106
monetization 108
money as 101
.
consumer debt; creditor-debtor relations; international debt
defense industry 69
“definition of the situation” (Thomas) 6
deflation (economics) 60
,
100
dehumanization 39
delayed gratification. see gratification, instant versus delayed
Deleuze, Gilles 16
democracy, direct. see direct democracy
democracy, representative. see representative democracy
democracy, symbolic/simulated 61 –66 80
,
81
,
168
,
186
demonstrations and protests. see protests and demonstrations
demos. see masses (people)
depressions 60
,
84
Derrida, Jacques 15
,
16
determinism 2
,
20
détournement 9
,
23
Detroit 66 –67 166
DeVos, Betsy 57
Diamond v. Chakrabarty 109
dictatorship 24
,
40
digital currency. see electronic currency
digital technology 48
.
electronic currency; internet
Diller, Barry 142
direct democracy 18 –19 31
,
95
,
143
,
157
Discipline and Punish (Foucault) 21
discouraged workers 60
Disney. see Walt Disney Company
Disneyland 27
Disposable Futures (Evans and Giroux) 70
distribution of wealth. see wealth distribution
dollar 123
,
131n111
,
135
,
136
drinking water contamination: Flint, Michigan 45 –46 125
drug crime sentencing 67
Durkheim, Émile 6
Earnest, Josh 52
East India Company 85
,
105
economic institutions 58 –61 banks and banking
economic stagnation 76 –77 89
education 19
,
29
,
86
,
179 –83
caste and 40 –44 161
,
163
,
165
,
169
,
171
commodification 117
.
college education; public education
egalitarian orders. see horizontal orders
elections 46 –47 61
,
81
campaign financing 63
Georgia, xi
Rousseau on 65
U.S. 65
U.S. presidential 48
,
63
,
64
,
66
.
voting
Electoral College 66
electronic currency 100 –101 104
elites 3
,
26
,
63 –64 159 –64 68
democracy and 65 –66
education 42
,
55
financial regulation 60
income 144
intra-elite conflict 31
,
75
,
76
Middle Ages 92
politicians 61
as recommended target 187
Soviet Union 90
spatial isolation 39
,
40
Sweden 75
.
nobility
email 128
emergency management of cities 66 –67 125 –26
emergency rooms. see hospital emergency rooms
emissions trading (“cap and trade”). see carbon trading
employment 60 –61 94
agricultural 94
caste-based 44 –46 90
enclosure of commons. see commons, enclosure of
Engels, Friedrich 2
,
73
,
92
England: Bank of England 100
Middle Ages 87
,
95
,
97
,
152
,
157
,
162
,
167 –68 169
,
172
spinning jenny 105
workhouses 175 –76
entertainment 40
as propaganda 51 –52
violence in 70
environment, pollution of. see pollution
environment as commodity 82
,
122
,
124
EpiPens 110
equality 5
,
29
,
155
Gini coefficient 147n41
simulacrums/illusions of 80
,
139 inequality
Escobar, Pablo 117
,
185
ethanol 121 –22
euro (currency) 133
European Union (EU) 62
,
85
,
131
Apple Computer and 145
emissions trading 124
Greece and 126
imf and 132
,
133
stagnation 77
Evans, Brad 70
evictions from public space 130
evolution (biology) 180
exchange theory. see social exchange theory
Facebook 37
,
51
,
52
,
166
falseness and fakery 23
,
50
,
108
,
179
.
fraud; simulacra and simulation
family 4
,
5
,
17
aristocracy 158
caste and 140
,
141 –42 143
death and 119
Debord view 36 –37
homeless families 130
income 164
,
166
,
168
,
170
,
172
prison and 111 –12
social isolation and 36
,
111 –12
Farage, Nigel 179
farming. see agriculture/agribusiness
fast-food industry 14
,
42
,
44
,
142
,
146
,
168
,
169
.
McDonald’s
fbi 72
,
81
fear, xii 49
,
61
,
69
,
81
.
terrorism
Federal Reserve 60
,
68
,
100 –101 102
“Volcker shock” 136
Fentimen, Linda 112
Ferguson, Missouri 173 –74
fertility tourism industry 116
feudalism 75
,
76
,
77
,
92
,
93
,
97
,
104
,
143
England 164
China 152
,
156
Russia 94
,
153
,
156
twenty-first century 139
wealth inequality 152 –53
fiat money 100
films 40
,
51
,
52
,
70
,
71
,
72
,
127
,
177
finance 67 –68 101 –2 131 –34
regulation 59 –60 banks and banking; money
financial crises 84
collapse of 2008 60
,
67 –68 85
,
101 –2 108
.
depressions
financial instruments 67
,
101
environment and 123 –24
food and 121
First Amendment: corporations and 59
Flint, Michigan 45 –46 66 –67 125 –26
Florida State University 55
food: caste and 44 –45 160
,
163
,
165
,
168
,
169
commodification 120 –22
prison labor and 175
.
agriculture; fast-food industry
food stamps 45
,
145
,
171
foreign direct investment (fdi) 133
,
135
for-profit colleges and universities 43
fossil fuels and fossil fuels industry 55
,
83 oil spills
Foucault, Michel 9
,
21 –23 24
,
30
,
99
,
184
Fourteenth Amendment 58
Fox Broadcasting 53
fracking 122
France 135
history 95 –96
income inequality 150
,
157
wealth inequality 148
,
154
,
156 French Revolution
Franks, Trent 178
fraud: academic papers 55
financial industry 67 –68
Victoria’s Secret 175
weapons contractors 120
free trade agreements (ftas) 85
,
134 –35
French Revolution 75
,
95 –96
Friedman, Howard 87
Fukuyama, Francis 28
funeral costs 119
Fuqua, Charlie 178
Gabler, Neal 170 –71
Gates, Bill 58
,
160
,
161
Gates Foundation. see Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
Geithner, Tim 64
gender inequity in high-tech industry 167
gene editing and genetic engineering 116
,
121
gene patenting 109
General Electric (GE) 84
,
109
,
120
,
144
genetically modified crops 121
geo group 112
Georgia, x 176 –77
Georgia Tech 43
Germany 126
,
135
.
Nazi Germany
gerrymandering 47
ghettos 37 –38 41
,
42
revolts 81
Gilman-Opalsky, Richard 80 –81 88
Gindin, Sam 136
Gini coefficient 147 –51 154
Giroux, Henry 70
,
125 –26
Goffman, Erving 16
,
35
,
48
Golden, Daniel 139 –40
Goldman Sachs 64
Goldsmith, Peter, Baron 72
Google 51
,
129
,
167
Graeber, David 1
,
74 –75 91
,
101
,
102
,
104 –5 106n91
,
107
,
108
view of war financing 106n91
,
120
Gramsci, Antonio 4
,
94
gratification, instant versus delayed 49
Great Britain. see Britain
Greece 62
international debt 126 –27 133 ancient Greece (Athens)
greenhouse gas emissions trading. see carbon trading
Greenwald, Glenn 71
groups, social. see social groups
Habermas, Jürgen 15
,
37
hair monetization 113 –15
The Half Has Never Been Told: Slavery and the Making of American Capitalism (Baptist) 177
Halliburton 120
Happer, William 55
Harrell, Antoinette 98
Harvard University 140
health care. see medical care
“health gradient,” 171
hegemons (dominant nations) 130 –31
hegemony, cultural 4
heirs. see inheritance
Helmsley, Leona 143 –44
heteronymy 18
,
20
,
31
Hewlett-Packard 167
hierarchical orders and relations 3
,
4
,
5
,
14
,
30
,
31
accumulation in 104
Castoriadis view 17 –18
formation of 79
Marxist movements 186
memory control and 53
propaganda and 47
higher education. see college education
high-tech corporations 37
,
167
hippies in history textbooks 182 –83
Hispanics. see Latinos
history 22 –23 30
,
31
,
73 –79
altering/erasure of 53
,
179
,
182
banks and banking 101
Baudrillard views 28 –29
capitalism 102 –7
ceasing of 25
,
28
,
73
class 94 –99
slavery 177 –79
study and teaching 179 –82
Hitler, Adolf 49 –50 182
hoi polloi. see masses (people)
Holder, Eric 68
Hollywood film industry 177
Homans, George Caspar 8
,
10
homelessness 130
homeownership 38 –39 165
Hong Kong 28
,
62
horizontal orders 3 –5 31
Horowitz, David 178 –79
hospice care 119
hospital emergency rooms 110
house values 60
housing assistance 176
housing inequality: segregation 37 –39
Soviet Union 90
Hubbard, Jon 178
human body, monetization of 110 –19
human organ trade. see organ trade
Hume, David 78
hunger 78
Husserl, Edmund 16
Huxley, Aldous 54
,
56
,
69
Brave New World 51
,
186n8
Brave New World Revisited 40
,
69
ice. see U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ice)
ideological (professional) class 92
,
93
The Imaginary Institution of Society (Castoriadis) 1
imf. see International Monetary Fund (imf)
immigrants: detention 112
,
174
,
175
undocumented 112
,
172 –73 175
imprisonment for debt 176 –77
income and caste privilege 142
income inequality 85 –88 90
,
147
,
150 –51 154 –57 159
,
160
,
163
income tax 144
indentured servitude 74
,
169
India: caste 33
,
37 –38 39
,
137
,
138
blood and organ trade 115
hair monetization 114
surrogate pregnancy 116
wages 135
Indians, American. see Native Americans
industrialization 41
,
87
,
94
,
105
Industrial Revolution 19
,
27
industry-funded think tanks 51
inequality 4
,
9
,
10 –11 13
,
63
,
138
,
146 –77
China 88 –89
education 40 –44
health 171
high-tech industry 167
inheritance and 143
sentencing 67
tax policy 144
wealth and debt 59
,
63
,
82
,
88 –89 159 –60 169 –70 caste; class; housing segregation; income inequality
infertility clinics 116
inflation 60
,
77
,
84
,
100
,
132
,
136
inheritance 141
,
143
,
146
,
160
,
161
,
163
An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (Smith) 103
instant gratification. see gratification, instant versus delayed
institutions 4
,
10
economic 58 –61
educational 55 –58
legal 67 –68
political 61 –67
protective 68 –72
symbolic 54
Intel 167
interactionism. see symbolic interactionism
international calling centers 128
international debt 126 –27 132
,
133
International Monetary Fund (imf) 85
,
126
,
129
,
131 –33
internet, xi 37
,
48
,
128
,
129
censorship 52
crypto-currency 101
porn 118
surveillance 71
.
Google
interracial marriage 39
Ireland 145
isolation, social. see social isolation
Ivy League colleges 40
,
42
,
139 –40 141
Japan 76
,
113
,
134
Japanese American internment 182
Jesus Christ, monetization of 119
Jim Crow 98 –99
jobs. see employment; unemployment
J.P. Morgan 102
JPMorgan Chase 68
judiciary corruption 111
,
173
Kant, Immanuel 18
Keynes, John Maynard 84
King Louis xiv. see Louis xiv
King Louis xvi. see Louis xvi
kings and queens. see monarchs and monarchy
Koch brothers 46
,
55
,
58
,
65
,
83
,
160
Kristeva, Julia 16
Krugman, Paul 140 –41
Kushner, Jared 140
labor, child. see children: labor
labor, precarious. see precarious labor (surplus labor)
labor, privileged. see privileged labor
labor, prison. see prison labor
labor, “semi-periphery.” see “semi-periphery workers”
labor interdependence 83
labor laws 128
,
133
,
154
labor market segmentation 131
,
136 –37
labor theory of value 99
labor unions. see unions
Lacan, Jacques 15 –16 18
land grabs 122
,
125
landownership 152 –53
Britain 97
,
152
,
158
,
159
,
164
landowners as a class 92
,
93
Middle Ages 97
,
15
,
164
,
167 –68
villeins and 167 –68
language 5
,
16
,
21
,
40
propaganda 49
.
linguistics
La Rochefoucauld, Pierre-Louis de 158
,
159
Latinos: homeownership 38
housing assistance 176
incarceration 11
,
174
poverty rate 17
technology industry 167
law and laws 2
,
18
,
49
,
130
anti-homeless 130
Britain 176
,
179
Debord views 26
,
67
electoral 98
enclosure 77
France 154
lobbying and 84
Mundell views 133
sentencing 111
welfare 175
,
176
.
labor laws
law enforcement 68 –69 71 –72
reality TV 70
surveillance 71
.
police
lawyers 67
,
86
,
142
,
165
,
166
corporate 68
,
84
,
125
,
134
lead poisoning 45 –46
Lefebvre, Henri 26
legal institutions 67 –68 U.S. Supreme Court
legislation. see law and laws
Lehman Brothers 39
,
101
Leung Chun-ying 62
Levi-Strauss, Claude 15
life expectancy 171
lifestyles 12
,
14
,
159
,
160
,
182
linguistics 5
,
15 –16
LinkedIn 166
,
167
loans, student. see student loans
lobbying 63
,
84
,
110
Locke, John 77
“looking-glass self” (Cooley) 6
Louis xiv 161
Louis xvi 95 –96 158
Louisiana 98
,
125
,
176
,
180
,
182 –83
lumpenproletariat 91
,
92
,
93
Luscombe, Belinda 118
Madoff, Bernie 59
Manning, Chelsea 71
marginal analysis (economics) 83
marketplaces 77
,
129
markets 3
,
7
history 77
“invisible hand”/self-regulation (supposed) 83
,
84
,
85
,
89
segmentation 34
Markowitz, Gerald 45 –46
caste and 39
,
40
,
75
,
76
,
97
Marx, Karl, x 2
,
14
,
84
,
186
Baudrillard and 26
Capital 73
,
91 –92 94
,
103
“capital” (word) 104
Castoriadis and 17
,
20
class consciousness 11
Dahrendorf on 96
Debord and 23
,
73
labor theory of value 99
“primitive accumulation” 78
view of hegemons 130 –31
view of production 94
views of capital 105 –6
views of class 91 –96
views of private property 96
Marxism 14
,
15
,
23
,
76
,
186
Castoriadis 17
,
20
,
86
class conflict 30
Debord 23
production 80
.
base and superstructure (Marxist theory)
masses (people) 33
ancient Rome 90 –91
anger of 69
Arthur Young view 77
as a class 95
entertainment 40
forced bondage of 106
Helmsley view 144
Hillary Clinton and 47
Huxley view 49 –50
isolation 36 –37
low voter participation 54
public education 41
in spectacular socialism 89 peasants
The Matrix (film) 1
,
102
Mauch, Loy 178
McDonald, Lawrence D. 39
McDonald’s 41
,
51
,
107n95
,
146
,
175
McDonnell Douglas 120
McGraw-Hill 182
Mead, George Herbert 6 –7 15
,
16
media 4
,
40
,
48
,
51 –53 81
,
177
,
185
.
broadcasting; Hollywood film industry; internet; social media
medical care 109 –10 117
,
119
Mencken, H. L. 56 –57
mercantilism 103
,
132
meritocracy 139
,
141
Merton, Robert 54n90
Mexico 122
,
132
,
134
,
135
Michigan 45 –46 66 –67 125 –26
Microsoft 51
,
167
,
175
Middle Ages 74
,
103
England 157
,
167 –68 169
middle class. see bourgeoisie (middle class)
Milburn, Alan 141
military services 68 –69 81
military spending 69
,
120
Mills, C. Wright 16
,
161 –62
Mischel, Walter 49
Mnuchin, Steven 64
monarchs and monarchy 8
,
63
,
75
,
76
,
77
,
97
,
104
,
161
corporate charters and chartered monopolies 85
,
104 –5
England 95
,
97
,
157
,
158
,
159
France 95 –96 97
,
158
,
161
historical erasure and 53
monetization. see commodification
money 9
,
85 –86 100 –102 104
Aristotle view of 100
Debord on 108
monetary policy 60
,
84
,
100 –102 131n111
.
currency
monopolies 85
,
89
information distribution 51
violence 101
Monsanto 121
,
122
Moore, Michael 125
Morris, Charles W. 15
mortgage practices, fraudulent 67 –68 101 –2
movies. see films
Mundell, Robert 133
Muslims, deportation of 178
Mylan 110
nafta. see North American Free Trade Agreement (nafta)
National Security Agency 71
Native Americans 122
,
181 –82
Nazi Germany 39
,
49 –50 182
nbc 141 –42
neoliberalism 1 –2 81
,
84
,
85
,
106
,
125
,
131 –33 136
nepotism 140
,
141 –42
Nestlé 118
,
121
,
122 –23
New Orleans 125
news media 40
New York City 63
,
71
,
166
New York State 57
New York Stock Exchange 59
Nietzsche, Friedrich 27
Nineteen Eighty-Four (Orwell) 47
,
49
,
51
,
53
,
54n92
,
61
,
69
nobility 76
,
152 –53 157
,
162 –64
England 95
,
97
,
152
,
162
France 95 –96 97
,
158 –59
Sweden 75
,
152
,
154
,
159
noblesse oblige 144
norms 4 –5 8
,
9
,
10
,
21
North American Free Trade Agreement (nafta) 85
,
134
,
135
,
136
Obama, Barack 63
obedience, xi, xiii 10
,
47
,
58
,
61
,
179
Occupy Wall Street (ows) 71 –72 186
oil spills 109
,
175
oligarchy 54
,
65
,
157
,
159
,
185
Ollman, Bertell 93
online dating 118
online education 42 –43
online groups and communities. see virtual groups and communities
online retail 36
,
41
,
108
organ trade 115
Orwell, George: Animal Farm 65
,
90
Nineteen Eighty-Four 47
,
49
,
51
,
53
,
54n92
,
61
,
69
paideia 19
Panama Papers 145
Panitch, Leo 136
Panopticon 21
Paradise Papers 145
parking industry 130
patenting of genes. see gene patenting
patenting of seeds. see seed patenting
Patriot Act 49
Paulson, Hank 64
Pearson 42
,
58
,
179
peasants 74
,
77
,
152 –54 167
Marx view 92
postindustrial 170
Russia 94
,
153
social mobility 97
Sweden 154
.
serfs
Pembina Consolidated Silver Mining v. Pennsylvania 58 –59
Perelman, Michael 77 –78
peripheral labor. see precarious labor (surplus labor)
Perkins, Tom 65
personal debt. see consumer debt
Peterson, Jesse Lee 178
pharmaceutical industry 110
phenomenology 16
,
28
philanthropy 144
,
161
Piketty, Thomas 82
,
103 –4 141
,
143
,
155
plastic surgery. see cosmetic surgery
Plato 19
,
62
,
143
plea bargaining 67
Pocahontas 181 –82
police 14
,
24
,
68
,
69
,
70
,
71 –72
Ferguson, Missouri 173
status and income 171
policing. see law enforcement
political campaign funding. see campaign funding
political institutions 61 –67
political segmentation 46 –47
pollution 83
,
124
poor people 41 –42 77 –78 125
,
169 –77
arrests 67
consumption 44 –45
environment 83
higher education 43
,
57
ignored by senators 65
monetization 111
noblesse oblige and 144
Sweden 155
voting 46
.
peasants
porn industry 118
post-structuralism and postmodernism 14 –29
poverty 170
,
171 –72
criminalization 176
need for 82
propaganda and 49
.
poor people
power relations 4
,
9
,
10
,
31 –32 12 –13
in architecture 48
Foucault 21
precarious labor (surplus labor) 77
,
169 –72
preemptive arrests 72
Presley, Elvis 119
price and prices 82
breast milk 113
carbon credits 124
childbirth 117
fertility industry 116
food 121
,
122
McDonnell Douglas nuts 120
prescription drugs 110
prison and prisoners 21
,
81
,
110 –12 173
,
174
African Americans 98
,
111
,
174
China 115
Latinos 174 imprisonment for debt
prison labor 112
,
175
private property, xii 81 –82 88
,
96
,
129
China 89
,
90
.
landownership
privatization 52
,
129
,
133
China and Russia 88
by emergency managers 66
food production 122
Greece 126
mass transit 44
media 52
New Orleans 125
schools and curricula 57
,
58
social welfare 144
water 123 commons, enclosure of
privileged labor 164 –67
proletarians, x 80
,
92
,
93
,
94
,
96
,
184
propaganda 34
entertainment as 51 –52
in higher education 55
neoliberalism as 81
targeting rich people 44
“total propaganda” 47 –53
prostitutes and prostitution 42
,
117
,
172
,
173
,
174
protective institutions 68 –72
protests and demonstrations 62
against quota systems 138 –39
suppression of 81
.
China: Tiananmen Square massacre
Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph 20
pseudo-community (Debord) 36
public education 19
,
41 –42
colleges and universities 56
Mencken on 56 –57
privatization 57
public opinion, simulation of 37
punishment 5
,
21 –22
Putin, Vladimir 62
,
145
Putnam, Robert 41
queens and kings. see monarchs and monarchy
quota systems 138
racial diversity in high-tech industry 167
racism in housing 38 –39
Reagan, Ronald 52
,
53
,
111
,
136
Reddit, xi
Reeves, Richard 42
religion 49
,
177 –78 179 –80 182
.
Christianity
representative democracy 19
,
61
,
64
,
65
,
66
,
80
,
96
,
138
required labor (caste) 167 –69
retail 44
,
82
,
129
,
172
prison labor in 175
.
online retail
revolt and revolts 94
,
184
,
185
,
186
Castoriadis on 186
fear of 81
medieval England 95
slaves 185
suppression of 81
U.S. ghettos 35
,
38
,
81
,
185
revolution 20
,
23
,
73
,
184
,
186 –87
China 80
Debord view 23
Huxley view 40
.
French Revolution; Russian Revolution
Ricardo, David 99
rich people 75 –76 146
,
154 –56 159 –64
ancient Athens 143
congressional representation 65
consumption 44
education 42
,
43
life expectancy 171
nepotism 140
,
142
spatial isolation 39
,
40
Sweden 75
right to die 119
rituals, social. see social rituals
Ritzer, George 35 –36 107n95
Robinson, Patrick 39
Rodbertus, Johann Karl 78
Rockefeller, John D. 161
Rocker, Rudolf 184
rock music in history textbooks 182 –83
roles, social. see social roles
Roman Catholic Church. see Catholic Church
Roman Empire. see ancient Rome
Rosner, David 45 –46
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 65
ruling caste 79
,
82
,
87
,
93
,
106
,
119
,
159 –62
clergy as 157
violence against 185
“ruling class” (term) 93
Russia 31
,
62
,
74
,
131
capitalism 88
carbon trading 124
caste 75
feudalism 94
income inequality 151
,
155
,
156 –57
nineteenth-century landownership 153
Panama Papers and 145
wealth inequality 149
,
155 –56
Russian Revolution 89
,
90
,
94
sanctions 4 –5
Santa Clara v. Southern Pacific 58 –59
Santorum, Rick 178
Sartre, Jean-Paul 15
,
27
Saussure, Ferdinand de 15
Schaeffler, Frank 126
Schlarman, Josef 126
scholarly papers, bogus. see academic papers, bogus
schools 41 –43
propaganda education 50
textbooks 179 –83
voucher programs 57
,
180
,
182
Schütz, Alfred 16 –17
Schwarzenegger, Arnold 52
,
71
science, attacks on 180
scripted interactions in coffeeshops 35
Securities and Exchange Commission (sec) 59 –60
seed patenting 121
segmentation, labor market. see labor market segmentation
segmentation, political. see political segmentation
segmentation, sociocultural. see sociocultural segmentation
segmentation, spatial. see spatial segmentation
segregation in housing. see housing segregation
semiotics 15
,
27
“semi-periphery workers” 168 –69
sentencing 67
,
111
serfs 76
,
77
,
95
,
128
,
143
,
164
,
167 –68 169
.
bordars (cottars); villeins
sewer privatization 123
,
126 –27
sex workers and sex work. see prostitutes and prostitution
shopping centers 44
Shkreli, Martin 110
Shroud of Turin 119
signaling (economics) 42
sign-values 26 –27
Simmel, Georg 9
,
10
,
16
,
34
simulacra and simulation 27
,
28
,
33
,
100
carbon credits 124
college education 42 –43 56
community 36
currency 101
,
135
democracy 61 –66 80
,
81
,
168
,
186
corporate personhood 58
equality and justice 80
food 45
history 73
,
181
humans 109
,
116
incarceration 185
industrial system 184
in media 52
plants and animals 109
play 129
postmodern labor markets 61
protests 62
public opinion 37
Shroud of Turin 119
in social mobility 88
in stock market regulation 59
in “total propaganda” 48
,
52
violent spectacle 70
slavery 2
,
74
,
76
,
93
,
97
,
98
,
110
,
172 –77 185
157
in films 177
hunger as replacement for 78
slaves as capital 103 –4
Smith, Adam 20
,
59
,
91
,
99
,
103
smoking 50
snap. see food stamps
Snowden, Edward 71
“social action” (Weber) 8
social approval 8 –9
social class. see class
social control 21 –22 23 –23 26
,
31
social exchange theory 7 –8
social groups 4
,
10
classes as 93
Middle Ages 97
primary groups. 6
Simmel view 34n5
.
audiences; caste; crowds; virtual groups and communities
social integration 4
,
8
,
19
socialism and communism, spectacular. see spectacular socialism and communism
social isolation 36 –37
social media, x 37
,
40
,
48
,
51
,
64
social mobility 10
,
79
,
87 –88 96
,
97
,
138
in spectacular socialism 89 –90
social norms. see norms
“social order” (Weber) 11 –12
The Social Organization (Cooley) 6
social performance 35 –36
social rituals, xi 7
,
64
social roles 3 –4 7
social segmentation. see sociocultural segmentation
social status. see status
Social Structures of Direct Democracy (Asimakopoulos) 29
social values 4
,
9
,
10
social welfare programs. see welfare
sociocultural segmentation 37 –40
Soon, Willie 55
Soviet Union 24
,
31
,
53
,
62
,
80
,
81
,
157
production 89
stagnation 77
space and time. see time and space
spatial segmentation 37 –39
spectacle, xiii 17
,
29 –30 33 –37 41
,
47 –48 50
,
79 –86 99
Baudrillard 28
,
29
Debord 9
,
23 –26 29
,
31
,
47
,
53
,
67
,
79
,
131
Hillary Clinton and 64
value and 99 –100
of violence 70
spectacular socialism and communism 17
,
62
,
80
,
88 –90
spectatorship 31
,
35
,
36
,
49
,
62
,
128 –29
sports 40
sperm donation 116
spinning jenny 105
sports 40
stagnation (economics). see economic stagnation
“Stanford marshmallow test” 49
Starbucks 35 –36 175
Star Wars franchise 52
State University of New York (suny) 57
status 3
,
12
,
161
,
166
,
171
consistency 11
leisure and 128
mobility 87
Weber 11
,
13
,
14
,
94
.
achieved status; ascribed status
Stirner, Max 9
stock market and stock ownership 59
,
102
,
144
structuralism 15 –16 21
student loans 43
,
57
,
107
suicide 37
,
119
,
137
,
182
suny. see State University of New York (suny)
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (snap). see food stamps
Supreme Court, U.S. see U.S. Supreme Court
surgery: organ trade and 115 cosmetic surgery
surplus labor. see precarious labor (surplus labor)
surveillance 21 –22 71
sweatshop workers 172 –73
Sweden 75
eighteenth century 152
,
154
income inequality 151
,
155
,
157
nobility 75
,
152
,
154
,
159
pre-industrial 87
wealth inequality 149
,
152
,
154
,
155
,
156
symbolic institutions 54
,
67
.
simulacra and simulation
Syngenta 121
,
122
syriza 62
taxation 124
,
143 –46
colonial 74
corporate 84
debtor nations 133
deductions 118
evasion 132
,
143 –44 145
Greece 127
of inheritance 143
international trade and 134
Mundell view 133
offshore havens 84
,
132
,
145
prison labor and 175
Tax Freedom Day 168
technology 48 –49
capitalism and 105 –6
caste and 33
digital communications 128
evolution of 30
.
automation; high-tech corporations; internet
teachers, college. see college teachers
Teffer, Peter 124
telecommunications companies 51
television 53
,
64
,
70
,
141 –42
Temple, William 77
,
78
tenure (colleges and universities) 58
,
61
terrorism 70 –71 187
Texas: public education policy and textbooks 180
,
181
,
182
,
183
textbooks 179 –83
texting 49
,
128
Thanksgiving, invention of 181
Thessaloniki 126 –27
think tanks 51
,
55
,
162
Thomas, William Isaac 6n7
“three strikes laws” 111
Tiananmen Square massacre, 1989. see China: Tiananmen Square massacre
Tillis, Thom 179
time and space 127 –28
tobacco industry 50
Townsend, Joseph 78
trade 85
,
132 –33 134 –35
Trans-Pacific Partnership (tpp) 134
Trump, Donald 48
,
52
,
64
,
140
,
161
TV. see television
Twitter, x 48
,
64
two-party system 61
undocumented worker detention centers 112
,
175
unemployment 60 –61
unicor 175
unions 58
,
175
,
176
,
184
United Kingdom. see Britain
United Nations: carbon trading 124
United States, xi–xii 84
96
“Americanization of finance” 133 –34
banking history 101
breast milk monetization 112 –13
caste/inequality 60
,
139 –42 146 –48 150
,
153
,
159 –62
Civil War 76
cosmetic surgery 117
criminal justice 110 –12 173 –77
financial collapse of 2008 60
,
67 –68 101 –2
hair monetization 114
health care 110
higher education 42 –43 55 –58 139 –40 141
history (study and teaching) 179 –82
ideological conformity in 52
imf role 132
immigration detention 112
income inequality 150
,
156 –57
as international hegemon 131
landownership 153
military spending 120
monetary policy 60
,
100 –102 136
nobility 162 –64
pollution 83
poor people 41 –45 57
,
65
,
83
,
111
,
125
,
169 –77
prescription drug prices 110
presidential elections 48
,
63
,
64
privileged labor 164 –67
racial caste 98 –99
Reconstruction 98
ruling caste 159 –62
semi-periphery workers 168 –69
sex industry 118
slavery 2
,
76
,
93
,
97
,
98
,
185
wages and benefits 117
,
134
wealth inequality 148
,
156
welfare 45
,
145 –46 African Americans; Federal Reserve; U.S. Congress; U.S. Constitution; U.S. Supreme Court
universities and colleges. see college education
upper middle class 42
U.S. Congress 45
,
134
drug price hearings 110
elections and candidates 47
,
178
millionaires in 64
public opinion 54
.
U.S. Senate
U.S. Constitution 49
,
139
U.S. Federal Reserve. see Federal Reserve
U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ice) 112
U.S. Senate 66
,
179
Judiciary Committee 68
USSR. see Soviet Union
U.S. Supreme Court 58 –59 63
,
64
,
109
,
176 –77
Valeant Pharmaceutical 110
Varoufakis, Yanis 127
Veblen, Thorstein 12
,
26
,
100
,
128
Victoria’s Secret 175
video games 49
villeins 167 –68
violence: against elites, xiii 185
,
186
,
187
by elites/state 24
,
31
,
68
,
100
,
101
,
111
normalization of 70 war and wars
virtual currency. see electronic currency
virtual groups and communities 4
,
34
,
37
voting 46 –47 54
,
65
ancient Athens 18 –19 elections
wages and wage labor 74
,
78
,
137
debtor nations 133
Greece 127
international comparisons 134
stratification of wages 85 –86
United States 117
,
138
wage garnishing 107
Walmart 44
,
84
,
118
,
129
,
145 –46 175
Walt Disney Company 25
,
28
,
118 Disneyland
war and wars 69
,
106n91
,
120
,
182
water, commodification of 122 –23
water contamination. see drinking water contamination
wealth distribution 52 –53 82
,
147 –49 159 –60 162 –64
caste and 143
China 88 –89
inheritance and 143
,
146
The Wealth of Nations (Smith). see An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (Smith)
wealthy people. see rich people
Weber, Max 8
,
11 –14 30
,
31
,
32
,
94
,
100
on class struggle origin 91
influence on Castoriadis 17
“iron cage” 21
,
107n95
on slave caste 172
verstehen 16
view of caste 74
,
75
welfare 45
,
145 –46 175 –76 179
whistle-blowers 48 –49 59
,
71
White, Gregory 176
Whitman, Meg 63
Whole Foods 175
Wolf, Naomi 71 –72
Wolff, Richard 46
workfare 175
,
176
work hours 77
working classes: Baudrillard view 184
college and 40
,
87
Marx view 95
UK 141
Volcker shock and 136
William Temple view 78
workplace surveillance 22
World Bank 85
,
123
,
131 –33
World Trade Organization (wto) 85
,
134
,
135
,
136
World War ii 182
Yagoub, Mimi 117
Young, Arthur 77
Zerzan, John 9
Zuckerberg, Mark 160
,
161