Subject Index
For terms, titles, and names beginning with al-, please search the first letter following the definite article. For example, al-Ghazālī will be found under G.
Abraham b. Moses Maimonides
11, 59n118, 84, 124, 126–127, 129n260, 224, 232–233, 235, 260, 307, 333–334, 342n371, 367, 369n497
foretaste of afterlife while embodied
257–258, 260
hermeneutical dualism
59n118, 84, 64n145
Abraham b. Nathan of Lunel
109n162
Abraham He-Ḥasid
11, 145, 262n480, 287–288, 292, 295, 323n292
Abramson, Shraga
33n147
Abū al-Faraj Hārūn
108n158, 33n149
Abulafia, Abraham
9n23, 290, 293
Active Intellect
112, 122, 123n231, 124–125, 141, 165n108, 176, 177, 287, 292, 295, 304–305, 312n231, 325, 326, 334, 338–339, 342, 344, 346, 347, 362, 363–364nn473–474, 367n487, 391n57
Holy Spirit (ruaḥ ha-qodesh/rūḥ al-quds), associated with
163n83, 362n466
identified as an angel
112n179, 124–125
afterlife
128–129, 174–175, 177n145, 252, 253, 256–260, 307, 369n497
Rabbi Akiva
147–148, 269, 270, 271n33, 272
Alexander, Philip S.
269, 272
Alfarabi
.
see al-Fārābī, under F
Algiani, Jacob
169–170n126
ʿAlī Ibn Abī Ṭālib
140–141n309
allegoresis
.
see taʾwīl
Alobaidi, Joseph
293–294, 362n465, 363n473, 366n481–2
Andalusia
.
see Spain/Andalusia/Iberian Peninsula
Anfang, Keren
40
anger versus revelry
221–224
anthropomorphism/anthropopathy
9n23, 61, 64, 67, 73, 100–103
Aristotle
.
Peripatetic philosophical tradition
122, 123n230, 130n265, 131, 166n112, 178n150, 180, 185, 207n268, 229n350, 237, 240n400, 246n428, 338n350, 367n487, 377
arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy (propaedeutic sciences)
182, 188, 189, 198n229, 203–204, 345, 348, 395, 397
asceticism
41n18, 152–154, 156n51, 157–158, 165, 169, 170, 174–175, 179, 231–235, 327–328, 331, 333, 390, 402
aṣl al-gharaḍ (root/fundamental purpose)
57, 60, 61, 65, 69, 323, 376
Asmodeus (demon)
149
astronomy, music, geometry, and arithmetic (propaedeutic sciences)
182, 188, 189, 198n229, 203–2024, 345, 348, 395, 397
atomistic accounts of time
237–238, 241–245, 247
autognosis
308n221
Averroes
.
see Ibn Rushd
Avicenna
.
see Ibn Sīnā
Avishur, Yitzhak
94–95n94
al-Aykī, Shams al-Dīn
263n487
Bacher, Wilhelm
14, 19
al-Baghdādī, Abū al-Barakāt
39n5, 80n28, 161, 244
Barton, John
147n5
bāṭin (esoteric meaning)
41n23, 58, 59, 62n134, 63, 68, 118, 145, 381, 394
opposed to ẓāhir
41n23, 58–59, 62–65, 68, 83–84, 118, 140, 145, 275
Berman, Lawrence V.
372
Bible
.
Index Locorum, for specific citations
anthropomorphism/anthropopathy in
61, 64, 67, 73, 100–103
non-extant extra-biblical works mentioned in
80, 383–384
bird allegory (in commentary on Song of Songs)
306–322
birkat betulim
272–273n41
Birnbaum, Philip
94n94
al-Bisṭāmī, Bayezid (Abū Yazīd)
125n244, 142n317
Blumenthal, David
2
Boethius
189n197
Boyarin, Daniel
268–269, 270, 271n34
Brethren of Purity (Rasāʾil Ikhwān al-Ṣafāʾ)
135n289, 139, 142n316, 161n76, 186n185, 198, 209nn275–276, 210, 243, 314n238, 338n350, 351, 354n419
Brock, Sebastian
313–314
Chariot (merkabah)
197–198, 271, 273–274, 290, 293, 346–347, 365, 368
Chronicles, Tanḥum’s commentary to
30n130
classification of philosophical sciences (in commentary to Qohelet)
180–217
.
ethics; household governance; metaphysics/divine science; physics; political wisdom; propaedeutic science; prophetic governance; individual governance
compared to earlier classifications
188–191
creative eclecticism of
198–211
ethics and
189, 191, 193, 201, 218
full text
395–400
human perfection and realizing imago Dei
214–217, 399–401
order of sciences
191–198
practical and theoretical wisdom, broad division into
185–187, 199–200, 250, 396
sanctity, attaining rank of
211–214, 398–399
classification of philosophical sciences (in commentary to Song of Songs)
345–349
Cohen, Gerson D.
20n75
Cohen, Mordechai Z.
57n108, 115
Cohn, Martin Samuel
269
comparative Semitics
47–55
conjunction (ittiṣāl)
128, 134, 141, 173, 259, 284, 287, 292, 298n167, 305n209, 306, 312, 313n234, 316, 323n292, 326, 334n334, 338–339, 345–346, 378, 391, 392, 393
Cordovero, Moses
319n272
cosmic-anthropological homologies
351–352
.
Sanctuary and human body, homology of, in Song of Songs commentary
Crates of Mallus
367n489
Crescas, Ḥasdai b. Abraham
166
crow
308, 309, 312–313, 315–316, 410–411
crusader states
6, 8–9
Damascius
244n417
Daniel, Tanḥum’s commentary to
40, 49n63, 52n80, 65n152, 86n52
David b. Abraham Maimonides
11n29, 16–17
David b. Joshua Maimonides
287n118
David ben Boaz Ha-Nasi
35
Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur), recitation of Jonah on
83–84, 393–394
dead metaphors
101
Democritus of Abdera
351n406
dhawq (direct experience of the Divine)
257–262, 307
dibberah torah ki-leshon bene adam (rabbinic dictum)
64, 100, 103–104
divine science
.
see metaphysics/divine science
Dotan, Aharon
107n153
dove
116–118, 121, 138–139, 306–322, 341n362, 386, 410–411
dualism
.
see hermeneutical dualism; psychology
Dunash ben Labrat
35
Dunash ben Tamim
35
Egypt and the Levant
as historical and cultural context for Tanḥum’s life
1, 2, 5–12, 21
Jewish migration to
8–9
Jewish pietism in
9n23, 10, 11, 144, 145, 287–288, 291, 295, 332n326, 334
Maimonidean dynasty and
5n1
origins/residence of Tanḥum in Palestine and Egypt
14–18
political turbulence in
5–6, 12n31
emanationist theory of soul/cosmos/intellect
119, 123, 138, 229, 230n354, 280n81, 287, 314, 316, 367, 368, 377, 391, 394n69, 398n11
epistemology
131–132
eschatology
6, 177n145, 256, 283n98
esoteric meaning
.
taʾwīl
bāṭin in Jonah commentary
58, 59, 62n134, 63, 68, 118, 145
commentary on Song of Songs and
264, 268–270, 275n50, 284, 289, 290–291, 293, 301
hermeneutical dualism
57–70
Esther, Tanḥum’s commentary to
35, 41n19, 41n23, 41n24, 46n49, 48–49n63, 52n80, 55n97, 56
eternity of cosmos, Tanḥum on
211n284, 399n13
ethics
130, 217–218, 217–236
classification of philosophical sciences and
189, 191, 193, 201, 218, 250
in commentary on Song of Songs
345, 348
moderation in the context of
218–220, 228–230, 232, 236, 377
Proverbs viewed as Solomonic treatment of ethics
173, 217
exegetical methodology
3, 38–74
.
esoteric meaning; peshaṭ tradition
background
38–40
basic philological approach to
40–44
comparative Semitics and
47–55
hermeneutical dualism of exoteric and esoteric senses
57–70
majāz/istiʿāra terminology, use of
70–74
originality of
42–43
rabbinic tradition and
55–56, 66n157
taqdīr
44–47
taʾwīl
42, 59, 61–67, 68n162, 69
(
taʾwīl
)
exoteric meaning
.
see peshaṭ tradition; ẓāhir
Ezekiel, Tanḥum’s commentary to
41n22, 48n63, 52n80
al-Fārābī
78, 113n183, 114n185, 119n209, 122n222, 123, 125, 126, 129, 131, 133n278, 163n83, 177, 241n403, 243, 321, 345n380, 367n487, 462n466
classification of sciences
180, 181nn161–162, 186n185, 189, 190n198, 191, 195n217, 197nn223–224, 198, 206n261, 208nn270–272, 210n278, 212
cosmic-anthropological homologies
351, 352, 369, 376
epistemology
131, 177
psychology
121, 122n223, 177
terminology in logic
72–73, 376
theory of language
49, 50n68, 51
Farīḍ al-Dīn ʿAṭṭār
143, 317n257
al-Fāsī, David b. Abraham
48n59, 86n55, 92n80, 100n115, 242n404, 274
al-Fāsī, Isaac
35
fasting
84, 235, 327, 333
faylasūf (philosopher)
168, 169n124, 264, 401n26
fear of God as purpose of wisdom in Qohelet
174, 401–402
Fenton, Paul
293n141, 308n221, 361n459
Fernandes, Leonor
10n26
fiqh (jurisprudence)
197
Fishbane, Michael
267n6
Friedman, Shamma
147n5
Galen
on climatic theory of linguistic development
49–50, 130, 132–133, 176n142, 225, 227n340, 230, 243n409, 303n192, 368
on tripartite soul
225, 227n340, 230, 377
geometry, arithmetic, music, and astronomy (propaedeutic sciences)
182, 188, 189, 198n229, 203–204, 345, 348, 395, 397
Geonim
23nn90–91, 26, 39
.
specific Geonim
Gersonides (Levi b. Gershom)
287, 375
al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid
27, 28, 62n134, 102n123, 118n202, 126–127, 142n316, 143, 144n324, 184–185, 186, 189, 190–192, 195n217, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202n245, 205, 206, 210n278, 212–213, 244, 260–261, 262n480, 311n225, 333, 338n352
al-Ghujdawani, ʿAbd al-Khaliq
144n322
Gnosticism
143–144
Gog and Magog, Tanḥum’s interpretation of
6n8
Golden Mean, concept of
220, 231, 236, 377
Graetz, Heinrich
14
Gutas, Dimitri
311
ḥads (intuition)
260, 262
Hai Gaon
35, 114–115n188
al-Harawī, ʿAbd Allāh al-Anṣārī, Manāzil al-sāʾirīn (The Stations of the Wayfarers)
330
al-Ḥarīzī, Judah
9n20, 17, 34n154, 38n3, 314n239
Harkavy, Abraham E.
24
Ḥayyūj, Judah
2, 33, 35, 37, 39, 69n169
Ḥefeṣ ben Yaṣliaḥ
35
hekhalot tradition
290, 293
hermeneutical dualism
41n23, 57–70, 83–84, 118, 140, 145, 275
hermeneutical terminology
44–47, 70–74
Holy Spirit (rūḥ al-quds/ruaḥ ha-qodesh)
163n83, 362
Homerin, Emil
10n26
human language, Torah speaks in (rabbinic dictum)
64, 100, 103–104
human perfection
.
see perfection, human
human soul
.
see soul
ʿibāda (worship)
328, 331–332, 333n329, 389, 401n29
Iberian Peninsula
.
see Spain/Andalusia/Iberian Peninsula
Ibn ʿAqnīn, Joseph b. Judah
31n133, 35, 117n198, 145, 175–178, 236n375, 285–287, 292, 295, 297, 298, 301, 303n193, 335n339, 337, 338, 339, 341, 346, 347n389, 348n393, 349–350, 369n497
Ibn al-ʿArabī, Muḥyī al-Dīn
102n123, 124n238, 141n309, 143, 262–264, 315–316n250, 329, 330, 378
Ibn Bājja
129, 181n163, 195n217, 334n336, 377
Ibn Balʿam, Judah
2, 35, 38, 39n8, 43, 46n52, 88n61, 93, 94n91, 95, 97n103, 98, 99, 114n188
Ibn Barūn, Isaac
35
Ibn Chiquitilla, Moses
2, 35, 39
Ibn Daud, Abraham
19–20n75, 72n177
Ibn Ezra, Abraham
2, 23n90, 28, 35, 47n55, 58n110, 64n147, 77–78, 81n31, 88n62, 90, 92n83, 93, 96n99, 97, 100–102, 104, 108, 109, 110n165, 114, 116n196, 144, 159–161, 162–163n82, 163n85, 165n103, 168, 169, 174n138, 182, 216, 219, 224–126, 236, 239–242, 254–255, 276–277, 278–281, 285, 286, 292, 296n159, 297, 302n188, 305n209, 335n339, 337, 338, 341, 347n389, 348n393, 357, 377, 381n2, 382n5, 383n10, 383n12, 390n51, 390n53, 401n29
homology between Tabernacle, cosmos, and human body
355–357, 358n449, 361n462, 366n480, 367n485, 370–371
Ibn Ezra, Moses
34n154, 35, 38, 58n110, 64n147, 70–71, 73n184, 116n196, 144, 277n63
Ibn Gabirol, Solomon
31n133, 35, 144, 166n114, 277, 347n389, 352, 367
Ibn Ghiyāth, Isaac, of Lucena
26n110, 39n6, 155n49, 157–159, 162, 165, 168, 169, 171nn128–129, 175, 182–183, 185, 223n332, 242, 253–254, 402n32
Ibn Ḥazm, Abū Muḥammad ʿAlī Ibn Aḥmad Ibn Saʿīd
277
Ibn Iṣḥāq, Ḥunayn
130n266
Ibn Jābir, Joseph b. Abī al-Khayr
32n145
Ibn Janāḥ, Jonah (Abū al-Walīd)
2, 12n3, 33n149, 35, 37, 38, 41n21, 43–44, 45n46, 46n52, 48, 53, 54–55, 56, 69, 70, 71, 72n176, 85n45, 86, 89, 90, 91, 93, 94n91, 95, 98, 99, 108n158, 110n165, 113, 390n51, 390n53, 224n332, 232n363, 242n404, 400n24, 401n25, 337, 338, 340n360, 360n456, 363nn469–470, 367n485
Ibn al-Jawzī, Abū al-Faraj
340n357
Ibn Kammūna, Saʿd Ibn Manṣūr
310n225
Ibn Kaspi, Joseph
287, 297n160, 305n207, 375
Ibn Laṭīf, Isaac
166–168
Ibn Naghrela, Samuel (Samuel Ha-Nagid)
31n133, 35
Ibn Nūḥ, Abū Yaʿqūb Yūsuf
153n34, 274
Ibn Paquda, Baḥya
28, 219, 229n351, 235, 278, 352n411
Ibn Quraysh, Judah
48, 103n128
Ibn Rushd (Averroes)
27–28, 166, 177n148, 210n278, 213
Ibn Ṣaddiq, Joseph
352, 368n490
Ibn Sahula, Isaac
288n123
Ibn Sarjada, Aaron (Khalaf) ben Joseph
35
Ibn Sīnā (Avicenna)
3, 12, 36, 118, 123–124, 125n240, 126, 128–129, 130n26, 131–132, 143, 144n324, 163n83, 166, 173n134, 176n143, 283, 303n193, 307–308, 310–312, 312–313n233, 315–316, 317, 321–322, 323n291, 325, 326, 328, 333, 334, 374, 377–378
classification of sciences in Tanḥum’s commentary on Song of Songs and
168–169n124, 181n163, 184, 186–187, 189, 190–192, 195–196n217, 198, 199, 200, 202, 203, 205–212
dhawq
260
bird allegory in Tanḥum’s commentary on Song of Songs and
307–308, 310–312, 312–313n233, 315–316, 317, 321–322, 410n18
emanationist theory of soul’s origin
123, 377
epistemology
131–132, 177, 312–313n233
ethics
226–227, 236
as a source for Tanḥum
3, 12, 36, 377–378
intuition (ḥads)
260
on metaphysics
404–405n5
psychology
123–124, 126–127, 130n266, 177, 226–227, 236
soteriology
129
theory of time
243, 246–247
works
Dāneshnāme-ye ʿAlāʾī (Book of Knowledge for ʿAlāʾ al-Dawla)
192
Ḥayy Ibn Yaqẓān
226–227, 236, 280, 315–316, 377
Al-ishārāt wa-’l-tanbīhāt (Remarks and Exhortations)
283, 328
Kitāb al-shifāʾ (The Book of Healing)
184, 186–187, 191, 199, 202, 205n260
Al-qānūn fī al-ṭibb (The Canon of Medicine)
303n193
Al-risāla fī al-ʿishq (The Epistle on Love)
283
Risāla fī aqsām al-ʿulūm al-ʿaqliyya (Epistle on the Parts of the Intellectual Sciences)
184, 199, 203, 205n260, 212
Risālat al-ṭayr (Epistle of the Bird)
36n167, 143, 307–308, 311, 315, 316, 406n11
Ibn Tibbon, Moses b. Samuel
188n193, 287
Ibn Tibbon, Samuel
,
47n55, 64n145, 164–166, 172n133, 225n334, 375, 467n488
Ibn Waqār, Joseph b. Abraham
7n14
Ikhwān al-Ṣafāʾ
.
see Brethren of Purity (Rasāʾil Ikhwān al-Ṣafāʾ)
Illuminationist (Ishrāqī) tradition
143, 144, 310
imago Dei
214–217, 319n272, 348, 399–401
imitatio Dei
136, 216n308, 318–321, 372
impurity of the hands
146–148
al-insān al-kāmil (perfect human)
231, 232, 256, 262, 263n483, 263n485, 264n488, 265, 378
intellectual worship (al-ʿibāda al-ʿaqliyya)
331–332, 333n329, 401n29
intoxication (sukr), spiritual state
141–142, 258–259
Isaac b. Sheshet Perfet (Rivash)
19–20n75
Isaac of Acre
9n23, 138n299
Isaac of Dampierre
169n124
Isaiah, Tanḥum’s commentary to
41n22, 48n63, 52n80
ʿishq (love [for the Divine])
283, 285n107
Ishrāqī tradition
.
see Illuminationist (Ishrāqī) tradition
ishtiqāq (etymological derivation)
117–118
ism mushtarik/ishtirāk al-ism (equivocal term/equivocality)
72–73
Ismailis and Ismaili hermeneutics
5, 10, 12, 58n110, 62–63, 379
ʿiṣma (prophetic infallibility)
79
istiʿāra/majāz (metaphor)
64, 70–74, 98, 101n118, 116, 376
istiʿdād (aptitude or propensity)
261n479, 262
ittiḥād (union)
122n223, 172, 258, 259, 300, 323, 324, 326, 336, 338–39, 373n508
ittiṣāl
.
see conjunction (ittiṣāl)
.
Ivry, Alfred
188n192
iʿtibār (contemplation)
28–30, 213, 401n26
Jacob b. Asher, Arbaʿah ṭurim
109n162
Jacob b. Eleazar of Toledo, Kitāb al-kāmil
35
Jacob b. Eliezer
35
al-Jawziyya, Ibn Qayyim, Madārij al-sālikīn (The Paths of the Travelers)
329–330
Jehiel of Paris
9n19
Jeremiah, Tanḥum’s commentary to
41n22, 48n63, 52n80
Job, Tanḥum’s commentary to
3, 27, 29, 68n162
Jonah, Tanḥum’s commentary to
3–4, 75–145
Amittai, Jonah’s descent from
76n9, 79–80, 117, 119, 121, 381, 383, 386–387
Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur), recitation of Jonah on
83–84, 393–394
discomfort with Jonah narrative
75, 78–79
flight of Jonah
76–79, 85–90, 387–388
hermeneutical dualism
82–84
historical context of book of Jonah according to Tanḥum
79–80, 382–383
introduction to
75–76, 381–94
al-malakūt (angelic realm), origins of human soul in
125–27
non-Peripatetic elements
137–145
perfection of individual soul and guidance of imperfect souls
133–136, 393
Peripatetic elements in
112, 120–136, 138, 141, 144n324, 145
peshaṭ analysis
85–114
repentance as central theme
82–84
scholarly studies of
75
soul, Jonah as metaphor for
116–117, 118–119, 137–139, 386–394
Sufi elements in
140–144
textual transmission of Minor Prophets
80–82
taʾwīl in
75, 83, 88, 114–120, 128, 145, 381, 385–94
three-day walk across Nineveh and tripartite division of faculties
120n216, 129–133, 392
Zohar and
137–139
Joseph b. Tanḥum (son)
11n29, 13, 16–18
Joshua, Tanḥum’s commentary to
14n45
Josippon, Kitāb yosef ben guryon
35
Judah b. Barzilai of Barcelona
20n75
Judah Ha-Levi, Kuzari
35, 47n55, 53–54, 219, 260n467, 261n476, 277, 325n296, 334n336, 352, 355, 357–358, 361–362, 372, 383n12
Kabbalah
7n14, 8, 9n23, 137n296, 289, 290, 291n139, 293
parallel between Tanḥum and the Zohar
137–139
kalām
23n91, 61–62, 102n122, 115n188, 152, 180–181n161, 237–247
Karaites and Karaite tradition
.
specific authors by name
exegetical methodology of
39, 40, 225n333
Jonah, commentaries on
77
Qohelet in Karaite tradition
149, 152–154
Saadia Gaon and
155
Song of Songs in Karaite tradition
274–275
Tanḥum influenced by
26, 35, 95n95
Torah speaks in human language
103n128
translation methodology
43n35, 44n47
Al-Kindī
181n162, 186n185, 198n227, 206n260, 245–246, 247
2 Kings, Tanḥum’s commentary to
41n22, 48n63, 52n80
Kitāb al-fikr fī al-makhlūqāt wa-ʿtibār ḥikmat al-ṣāniʿ fī al-mawjūdāt (The Book of Reflection upon the Created Beings and Contemplation of the Wisdom of the Artisan in Existent Things)
.
see Tanḥum b. Joseph ha-Yerushalmi – works
Kitāb al-ījāz wa-’l-bayān (The Book of Simplification and Elucidation; commentary to Prophets and Hagiographa)
.
see Tanḥum b. Joseph ha-Yerushalmi – works
.
specific commentaries, e.g. Jonah, Tanḥum’s commentary to
Kitāb hidāyat al-qāriʾ (Reader’s Guide)
108, 110
Kitāb kifāyat al-ʿābidīn (Sufficient Guide for the Servants [of God])
.
see Abraham b. Moses Maimonides
Kitāb maʿānī al-nafs (Book of Concepts of the Soul)
229–230, 236, 277, 314
Kokovtsov, P.
75
Kristeller, Paul Oskar
42n30
Al-kulliyyāt (introduction to commentary to Prophets and Hagiographa), Tanḥum Ha-Yerushalmi
12n33, 16, 19, 22, 23, 24–26, 27, 39n4, 41–42, 45, 66, 68n162, 69, 87, 90, 384, 225n333
Langermann, Yitzhak Tzvi
293n141, 308n221
Lazarus-Yafeh, Hava
361n459
Levant
.
see Egypt and the Levant
Levi b. Gershom (Gersonides)
287, 375
Lieberman, Saul
268–271
Lim, Timothy H.
147n5
maʿaseh bereshit (Work of the Creation)
129n260, 197–198, 368
maʿaseh merkabah (Work of the Chariot)
197–198, 271, 273–274, 290, 293, 346–347, 365, 368
Maimonides (Moses ben Maimon)
.
Index Locorum, for specific citations to works
2, 3, 12, 22, 24, 29–30, 32, 35, 69, 78–79, 101, 102n124, 109, 111–112, 114n185, 115–116, 118, 120n213, 121, 122n223, 122n225, 123n230, 124, 125n239, 126–129, 130–131n266, 132, 133n278, 134–136, 141, 143, 161–164, 177n145, 179, 238–241, 246nn428–429, 247, 282–285, 286–287, 292, 295, 303n193, 305, 306n211, 318–321, 331–332, 334, 342, 347, 368, 369n497, 374, 375, 377, 378
asceticism of
134n284, 233–234
birkat betulim, opposition to
273n41
classification of philosophical sciences in Qohelet commentary and
181nn161–163, 187, 188–190, 192–198, 199, 203, 213–214, 216–217, 395n2, 402n29
on Hebrew linguistics
47n55, 49–53
corporeal existence in Qohelet commentary and
254nn445–46, 256n453, 257, 260n469, 263
cosmic-anthropological homologies used by
352
dove allegory in Song of Songs commentary and
318–321
“Eastern Maimonidean tradition”
2
ethics
219–20, 223–24, 231, 233–34
Guide of the Perplexed
58, 59, 63n140, 63n143, 68, 72n177, 102n124, 118, 162–163, 164, 192–198, 203, 368
hermeneutical dualism of
58–60, 63–64, 67, 68, 69
Ibn ʿAqnīn and
286–287
Ibn Rushd and
28
on imago Dei
216–217
ism mushtarik/ishtirāk al-ism (equivocal term/equivocality)
72
majāz/istiʿāra terminology and
73
Mishneh Torah
163, 196n219, 220, 375
Peraqim ba-haṣlaḥah (Chapters on Felicity) attributed to
361
physics and metaphysics identified with maʿaseh bereshit and maʿaseh merkabah
197–198, 368
prophetology of
78–79, 162–163, 385n31
Sefer ha-miṣvot (Book of Commandments)
29
Sufism and
10n27
Tanḥum’s Al-murshid al-kāfī as Arabic lexicon to Mishneh torah of
22, 31–32, 34
Tanḥum’s works and
22, 24, 375
taʾwīl, theoretical underpinnings of
376
time, theory of
238–241, 246nn428–429, 247
Treatise on Logic (attrib.)
185, 188–190, 195n217, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202n242, 202n245, 203, 205, 206n262, 207, 209, 210, 214n299, 320n279, 348, 349
Maimonides, Abraham
.
see Abraham b. Moses Maimonides
Maimonides, David b. Abraham
11n29, 16–17
Maimonides, David b. Joshua
287n118
Maimonides, Obadiah b. Abraham
17n62, 361n459
majāz/istiʿāra (metaphor)
64, 70–74, 98, 101n118, 116, 376
al-malakūt (angelic realm), origins of human soul in
125–127
Marciano, Joseph
287
masoretic tradition
86–87, 92n83, 96n99, 106–110, 130n262
The Merciful One desires one’s heart (Aramaic expression)
296
merkabah (Chariot)
197–198, 271, 273–274, 290, 293, 346–347, 365, 368
metaphor (majāz/istiʿāra)
64, 70–74, 98, 101n118, 116, 376
metaphysics/divine science
163, 167, 184n177, 189, 191n203, 192, 193, 195, 197–198, 204, 208–211, 345, 348, 398, 404–405n5
Micah, Tanḥum’s commentary to
46n48, 46n52
mishbarekha (breakers)
96, 98, 99
moderation
218–220, 228–230, 377
Moses b. Naḥman (Nahmanides)
9n23, 15n48, 20n75
Moses ben Maimon
.
see Maimonides
mufakkira (cogitation)
131–132
al-Muqammiṣ, Dāwūd Ibn Marwān
151–152
Al-murshid al-kāfī (The Sufficient Guide; Tanḥum Ha-Yerushalmi’s dictionary of rabbinic Hebrew)
15, 16, 22, 25, 26, 31–34, 53, 54, 91, 125n242, 196, 256
music, geometry, arithmetic, and astronomy (propaedeutic sciences)
182, 188, 189, 198n229, 203–204, 345, 348, 395, 397
mutakallimūn
.
see kalām
al-Nahāwandī, Benjamin b. Moses
35, 153–154, 274
Nahmanides (Moses b. Naḥman)
9n23, 15n48, 20n75
Nathan b. Jehiel of Rome, ʿArukh
32–34, 35, 36, 169n124, 375
Neoplatonism
28n124, 122–123, 144, 166, 208, 243n414, 244n417, 351, 367, 377
Norzi, Jedidiah
106n151, 108n158, 108n160
Obadiah, Tanḥum’s commentary to
81, 382
Obadiah b. Abraham Maimonides
17n62, 361n459
Obadiah di Bertinoro
162n81
Origen
173, 268–270
Palestine
Jews living in
8–9
Tanḥum’s possible origins in
14–18
peacock
308, 309, 312–313, 315, 317–318, 321, 410–411
Peraqim ba-haṣlaḥah (Chapters on Felicity)
360–361
Peripatetic philosophical tradition
.
specific Peripatetic philosophers and works
4, 12, 63, 67, 73, 112, 120–136, 138, 141, 144n324, 145, 175, 176–177, 200, 208, 230n355, 237, 238, 241, 246, 247, 263, 265, 300, 331, 334, 373
soteriology in
138, 141, 145, 151n26, 238, 350, 377
Sufi discourse, synthesis with
378
peshaṭ tradition
1–2, 30, 38–39, 47–48, 70–74, 103, 146, 165n103, 166, 168, 289, 335–336, 375, 376, 377
petiḥta (proem)
165, 182
Philo of Alexandria
351
philological method
exegesis, basic philological approach to
40–44
ishtiqāq (etymological derivation)
117–118
Al-murshid al-kāfī (The Sufficient Guide; Tanḥum Ha-Yerushalmi’s dictionary of rabbinic Hebrew)
15, 16, 22, 25, 26, 31–34, 53, 54, 91, 125n242, 196, 256
peshaṭ tradition and
377
Song of Songs, Tanḥum’s lexical/philological analysis of
298–299, 335, 336–338, 339
systematic application
42, 65, 90, 96, 99, 375–376
philosophical sciences
.
see specific entries at classification of philosophical sciences
physics, as theoretical science
160, 163, 173, 181, 183, 184n177, 188, 189, 190n201, 191n203, 192nn206–207, 193, 195, 197–198, 204–208, 345, 348, 397–398
Pico della Mirandola, Giovanni
42n30
pietists and pietism
Egyptian pietist movement
9n23, 10, 11, 144, 145, 258, 262n480, 263n485, 287–288, 291, 295, 332n326, 334
German/Ashkenazic pietists
9n23, 290, 291n137, 291nn139–1 40
in scholarly community of Acre
291n139
Pines, Shlomo
161
Plato
130n265, 135n290, 166n115, 227n341, 237, 351
Plotinus
122–123, 144, 198n230, 280, 177n150, 279–280
Porphyry, Isagoge
113
Poznanski, Samuel
30, 39, 75, 114–115n188
Priestly Blessing
326, 342n367, 346, 350
propaedeutic sciences (arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy)
182, 188, 189, 198n229, 203–204, 345, 348, 395, 397
prophetic and poetic aptitudes, Tanḥum on
261–262
prophetic governance
201, 203, 345, 348–349, 397
prophetology of Tanḥum and Maimonides
78–79, 162–163, 384–395
Proverbs, Tanḥum’s commentary on
3
Pseudo-Jāḥiẓ
28
Pseudo-Saadia (Song of Songs commentary)
275–276, 337n343, 337n348, 340n357, 341n366, 347n389, 350n404, 367n485, 369n495
psychology
.
epistemology; soteriology; soul
emanationism
119, 123, 138, 229, 230n354, 280n81, 287, 314, 316, 367, 368, 377, 391, 394n69, 398n11
origin and nature of the soul
120–124
tripartite division of the soul
129–133, 130–133, 179n154, 224–230, 368, 377, 392
Ptolemy
240n298, 241
Pythagoras
237n379
Qafiḥ, Yosef
14–15, 40, 51
al-qaṣd al-awwal (initial intentions)
57–60, 61, 65, 68–69, 376, 382, 413
Qimḥi, David
35, 41n21, 71n176, 96n99, 97n105, 98n111, 108–109n160, 109, 111–112, 340n360, 375
Qimḥi, Moses
183–184, 185
al-Qirqisānī, Jacob
103n128, 279n80
Qohelet
associated with asceticism (zuhd)
152–155, 157–158, 165, 168, 169–171, 174–175, 179, 231–233, 235
canonicity
146–148
Jewish interpretation in Western Christendom
164–168
in Judeo-Arabic tradition
151–164
in Karaite tradition
149, 152–154
in rabbinic tradition
146–151
as a scientific text
148, 159, 160–161, 167–169, 171, 173, 180–217
Solomon, attribution of Qohelet to
149, 159n61, 162, 165, 169n124, 225
Solomonic corpus (Qohelet, Song, and Proverbs), place of Qohelet within
170–174
Qohelet, Tanḥum’s commentary to
4, 146–265
.
classification of philosophical sciences in introduction to Qohelet commentary
classification of the philosophical sciences
180–217
ethics in
217–236
fear of God as purpose of wisdom in
174, 401–402
main themes in
168–180
philosophical text, Qohelet viewed as
168–169, 179–180
taʾwīl (allegoresis) in
135n288, 175–179, 248
time, theory of
237–247
quinque voces
113–14
al-Qūmisī, Daniel
35, 76–77, 91, 94–95, 154n41
al-Qūnawī, Ṣadr al-Dīn
263n487
al-Qushayri
257, 259n466, 288n121, 312n232, 327–328, 329n12, 331n319
rabbinic tradition
exegetical methodology and
55–56
Qohelet, reception of
146–151
Song of Songs, reception of
146–151, 266–274, 275–288
Tanḥum’s view of himself as part of
151
Rambam
.
see Maimonides
Rasāʾil Ikhwān al-Ṣafāʾ
.
see Brethren of Purity (Rasāʾil Ikhwān al-Ṣafāʾ)
.
Rashbam (Samuel b. Meir)
225n333, 289, 292, 400n23
Rashi
89, 92n83, 94, 95, 98–99n111, 111–112, 162n81, 169n124, 254n444, 278, 289, 292, 337, 341n364, 400n23
al-Rāzī, Abū Bakr
51n76, 130n266, 243
al-Rāzī, Fakhr al-Dīn
244
Rivash (Isaac b. Sheshet Perfet)
19–20n75
Robinson, James T.
152
Rosenberg, Shalom
280
Rothstein, Gidon
20n75
rūḥ al-quds/ruaḥ ha-qodesh (Holy Spirit)
163n83, 362n466
Rumi, Jalāl al-Dīn, Mathnāwī
316
Ruth, Tanḥum’s commentary to
41n19, 48n63, 52n80, 55n97
Saadia Gaon
6n8, 26, 33n149, 35, 39, 40, 43n35, 48, 52–53n81, 54–55, 56, 57n108, 61, 65, 77, 82–83n34, 88n62, 102n120, 103n128, 114–115n188, 134, 381n2, 155–157, 185n182, 216n308, 225n334, 226n337, 228–229, 230, 235, 244–245, 247, 275–276, 286, 292, 338n351, 340n360, 342n371, 354–357, 358n449, 361, 370–371
al-Ṣadiq, Jaʿfar
62n135
Sahl ben Maṣliaḥ
35
Ṣaliḥ, Yaḥya, Ḥeleq ha-diqduq
108n160
Salmon b. Yeroḥam
103n128, 153–154, 175, 213n293, 224n332, 242n404, 274–275, 292, 403n32
Samson of Sens
9n19
Samuel b. Ḥofni Gaon
35, 40, 56n100, 57n108, 61, 369n497
Samuel b. Meir (Rashbam)
225n333, 289, 292, 400n23
Samuel Ha-Nagid (Ibn Naghrela)
31n133, 35
Sanctuary and human body, homology of, in Song of Songs commentary
351–373
Schäfer, Peter
269–270
Schlossberg, Eliezer
94–95n94
Scholem, Gershom
268, 270
Schwarzfuchs, Simon
19–20n75
sciences
.
see specific entries at classification of philosophical sciences
sefirot, Song of Songs viewed as representing the dynamic between
290, 293, 406n13
shekhinah (Divine Presence)
341n364, 342–344, 354, 356, 362
Sherira Gaon
35, 158n60
Shiʿur qomah (Dimensions of [the Divine] Body) tradition
268, 269, 270–271, 290n134, 291
Shussman, Aviva
59, 75, 79n22, 82, 123n230, 128n255
Shy, Hadassa
13n41, 16, 17n61, 19, 22, 24, 25, 31, 40, 85n47, 92n83
al-Sijistānī, Abū Sulaymān
198n230, 244, 351
ṣiyām (fasting)
84, 235, 327, 333
Sod ha-egoz texts
290
Solomon b. Elʿazar b. Obadiah Ha-Rofe
92–93
Solomonic corpus (Qohelet, Song, and Proverbs)
170–174, 294–295, 349, 404n5
Song of Songs
74n185, 87–88n61, 88n63, 92n83, 93n85, 117, 128n256, 141–142, 308n219, 315n245, 333n330, 334n334, 386, 178n151, 179, 349, 365, 404n5
alchemical text, Song interpreted as
277
astronomical interpretations of Song
277, 280
canonicity of Song
146–148
diversity in medieval Jewish interpretation
292–293
esoteric approaches to Song and
264, 268–270, 275n50, 284, 289, 290–291, 293, 301
historical allegoresis
267–268, 269, 271–276, 278–279, 285–286, 289–293, 295, 287–299, 302, 304, 305–306, 335–336, 339–344, 350
lexical/philological analysis
298–299, 335, 336–338, 339
literalist approaches to Song and
266, 272, 275, 276, 278, 279, 285, 288, 289, 292
reception among Egyptian pietists
287–288
reception among Jews of Western Christendom
288–291
reception in Judeo-Arabic tradition
274–288
reception in Karaite tradition
274–275
reception in rabbinic tradition
266–274
Shiʿur qomah (Dimensions of [the Divine] Body) tradition and
268, 269, 270–271, 290n134, 291
in Solomonic corpus (Qohelet, Song, and Proverbs)
170–174, 294–295, 349, 404n5
Tanḥum’s commentary to
266–374
actualizing allegoresis
274, 275, 292
Christian approaches to
267–268
Maimonides on
282–85, 287, 306n211
psychological allegoresis
277, 279–288, 292, 298–99, 300, 302, 305–6, 311, 312, 335, 338–339, 344–350, 351–374
sefirot, Song representing interaction of
290, 293, 406n13
soul’s intense love of God/Active Intellect, representation of
282–287, 292, 306n211
Sufi-oriented interpretation of
287–288
Tanḥum’s allegorical interpretation
295–297
Tanḥum’s belief that entire book requires allegorical treatment
266, 297
Song of Songs, Tanḥum’s commentary to
266–374
bird (dove) allegory in introduction to commentary
306–322
comparison between peshaṭ, historicizing, and psychologizing tendencies in Tanḥum’s commentary
335–350
editions of
293–294
identification of central figures
301–305
overarching themes
294–306
spiritual journeying
322–334
structure and composition
293, 297–298
Tanḥum’s allegorical interpretation
295–297
Tanḥum’s belief that entire book requires allegorical treatment
266, 297
wisdom, identification of female beloved with
295, 406–407
Tanḥum on the theme of microcosm, mesocosm, and macrocosm
351–373
on three spiritual stations (maqāmāt) of the soul
322–334
soteriology
69, 122, 127–129, 138, 141, 144, 145, 151n26, 238, 256, 266, 281, 285, 287, 298n167, 299, 300, 301, 302, 311, 312, 315, 322, 326, 328, 334, 339, 350, 373, 377, 373
soul
.
perfection, human
dove allegory in Song of Songs commentary as allegory for
306–308
emanationist theory of soul/cosmos/intellect
119, 123, 138, 229, 230n354, 280n81, 287, 314, 316, 367, 368, 377, 391, 394n69, 398n11
intense love of soul for God/Active Intellect, Song representing
282–287, 292, 306n211
Jonah as metaphor for
116–117, 118–119, 137–139, 386–394
origin and nature of
120–124
three spiritual stations (maqāmāt) of, Song commentary on
322–334
tripartite division
129–133, 179n154, 224–230, 368, 377, 392
Spain/Andalusia/Iberian Peninsula
.
specific scholars from Spain
continuing influence of Judeo-Arabic tradition from
7–8
migration of Jews from
7–8
peshaṭ tradition, Tanḥum’s drawing on
1–3, 30, 38–39, 70–74, 103, 166, 375–376
Stoicism
176n143, 216, 351
Sufi discourse and practice
2, 9n23, 10–12, 36, 37, 62, 140–144, 256–265, 283, 288, 291n139, 300, 310, 311, 318, 328, 331, 333, 334, 373–374 , 378–379
al-Suhrawardī, Shihāb al-Dīn
143, 144, 244, 310, 311, 317, 351
sukr (intoxication)
141–142, 258–259
Al-Ṭabarī, Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad Ibn Jarīr
77
Tal, Avi
13–14n42, 41n21
Tanenbaum, Adena
314
Tanḥum b. Joseph Ha-Yerushalmi
biographical information
13–21
bird allegory
306–322
classification of the philosophical sciences
180–217, 345–349
cosmology
124–127, 351–373
direct spiritual experience
141–142, 256–262
(
dhawq; intoxication (sukr)
)
ethics in
170, 173–174, 187, 200–202, 217–236
exegetical methodology of
38–74
(
exegetical methodology
)
hermeneutical dualism
57–70
hermeneutical terminology
44–47, 70–74
historical and cultural context
1–3, 5–12
microcosm, mesocosm, macrocosm
351–373
overarching exegetical project
22–23, 375–376
psychology
120–124, 221–227
soteriology
120–123, 127–129, 141, 145, 334, 350, 373
spiritual journeying and waystations (safar, maqāmāt)
322–334
taʾwīl, theoretical underpinnings of use of
57–74, 376–377
(
taʾwīl [allegoresis]
)
theory of time
237–247
works
22–34
(
Kitāb al-ījāz wa-’l-bayān; Al-kulliyyāt; specific commentaries by book of the Bible
)
Kitāb al-fikr fī al-makhlūqāt wa-ʿtibār ḥikmat al-ṣāniʿ fī al-mawjūdāt (The Book of Reflection upon the Created Beings and Contemplation of the Wisdom of the Artisan in Existent Things [non-extant])
27–28, 174n136
Kitāb al-ījāz wa-’l-bayān (The Book of Simplification and Elucidation; commentary to Prophets and Hagiographa), Tanḥum Ha-Yerushalmi
22, 23–31
.
exegetical methodology; specific prophets and writings, e.g. Jonah, Tanḥum’s commentary to
Al-kulliyyāt (introduction to Kitāb al-ījāz wa-’l-bayān)
16, 19, 22, 23, 24–26, 27, 41–42, 45, 66–67, 69, 87
Al-murshid al-kāfī (The Sufficient Guide; Arabic lexicon to Maimonides’ Mishneh torah)
15, 16, 22, 25, 26, 31–34, 53, 54, 91, 125n242, 196, 256
Pentateuch, possible composition of commentary on
23
sources
35–37
taqdīr
44–47
Targum Onqelos
66–68
tarshish (sea/city of Tarshish)
85, 86, 88–89, 387–388
taṣawwur (conceptualization)
131–132
taṣdīq (assent)
131
tashabbuh (imitatio [Dei])
321
Ta-Shma, Israel
272–273n41
taʾwīl (allegoresis)
42, 59, 61–67, 68n162, 69, 75, 83, 88, 114–120, 128, 135n288, 145, 175–179, 248, 249, 376–377, 381, 385–394
textual transmission, Tanḥum’s understanding of
46n51, 80–82, 383–384
Themistius
177–178n150
theology
.
see metaphysics/divine science
Theology of Aristotle (misattributed)
122, 130n266, 350n402
time, Tanḥum’s theory of
237–247
Tobias b. Eliezer, Leqaḥ ṭob
369
Toledano, Barukh
14n42, 15–16, 30
Torah speaks in human language (rabbinic dictum)
64, 100, 103–104
tripartite division of soul
129–133, 130–133, 179n154, 224–230, 368, 377, 392
Twersky, Isadore
65n152
walī
140–41n309
Wansbrough, John
46n52, 57n108
Wechsler, Michael
18n67, 23, 24, 26, 30, 35, 40, 41–42n25, 58, 75
Wertheimer, Solomon Aaron
114–115n188
Western Christendom
crusader states
6, 8
Jews of
2, 7–9, 20–21n75, 24n92, 34, 36, 114, 164–168, 288–293
Wieder, Naphtali
361n459
Wilensky, Sara O. Heller
166, 167n119
wisdom
broad classification of philosophical sciences into practical and theoretical wisdom
185–187, 199–200, 250, 396
fear of God as purpose of, in Qohelet
174, 401–402
identification of female beloved with, in Song of Songs
295, 406–407
wuṣūl (arrival, attainment, union)
259, 294, 327, 328, 333–334, 338, 405n6
Yefet b. Eli
35, 40, 44n37, 77, 79n22, 86, 88n62, 89, 90, 92n80, 94–95, 97, 99n111, 100, 102n120, 111, 113n180, 154, 155n46, 172–173n133, 224n332, 225n333, 274–275, 292, 337n343, 337n348, 339, 340n357, 347n389, 352, 381n2, 383n10
Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement), recitation of Jonah on
83–84, 393–394
Yonah Gerondi
,
20n75
ẓāhir (exoteric meaning)
41n23, 57–65, 67, 68, 80–81, 83–84, 117n200, 118, 140, 145, 153, 275, 276n60, 376, 385, 390, 394
opposed to bāṭin
41n23, 58–59, 62–65, 68, 83–84, 118, 140, 145, 275
peshaṭ and
57, 65, 376
Zechariah, Tanḥum’s commentary to
47n54
Zekharyah ha-Rofe
308n221
Zohar
8n16, 137–139, 291, 313
Zoref, Arye
42, 128n257, 293–294, 308n221, 310n224, 324n293, 328–329, 330, 343n375, 363n473, 365n479
Zucker, Moshe
77, 115n188
zuhd
.
see asceticism