Index
accessories 118
,
119
,
172
actus reus 16
,
117
,
128
,
137
,
147
,
169
,
178
ad hoc tribunals see International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia; and International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
Afghanistan 33
Ago, R 72
,
75
,
78
aiding and abetting 19
,
62
,
93
,
121
,
143
,
172
Akande, D 32
Al Khasawneh, Judge 26
,
27
,
60
,
65
,
83
,
88
,
89
,
91
,
94
,
114
,
200
,
201
,
202
,
219
Alabama Arbitration Decision case 69
American Convention on Human Rights (achr) 103
,
106
,
109
,
110
,
111
Anzilotti, D 69
Arendt, H 41
Armed Activities Congo case 21
,
78
,
81
,
187
,
191
,
197
Articles on the Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts (arsiwa) 4
,
5
,
9
,
10
,
13
,
19
,
25
,
35
,
52
,
54
,
55
,
59
,
62
,
71
,
76
,
77
,
82
,
84
,
121
,
187
,
191
,
197
,
218
attribution xi
,
xii
,
xii
,
1
,
3
,
4
,
5
,
6
,
7
,
13
,
14
,
15
,
16
,
17
,
20
,
21
,
22
,
23
,
24
,
25
,
26
,
27
,
29
,
34
,
40
,
41
,
49
,
51
,
52
,
53
,
54
,
56
,
57
,
59
,
60
,
62
,
63
,
64
,
65
,
66
,
67
,
69
,
70
,
71
,
72
,
73
,
74
,
75
,
77
,
78
,
79
,
81
,
83
,
84
,
88
,
89
,
90
,
91
,
92
,
93
,
95
,
96
,
97
,
98
,
105
,
106
,
108
,
109
,
111
,
112
,
113
,
114
,
115
,
116
,
118
,
120
,
121
,
124
,
125
,
128
,
144
,
145
,
152
,
164
,
170
,
175
,
177
,
179
,
185
,
187
,
188
,
189
,
190
,
191
,
192
,
194
,
196
,
197
,
198
,
199
,
200
,
201
,
202
,
206
,
208
,
209
,
211
,
212
,
214
,
215
,
216
,
217
,
218
,
219
,
220
,
221
Balkan wars 3
,
4
,
44
,
45
,
197
Barcelona Traction case 8
Belarus 98
Belgrade 3
,
45
,
84
,
86
,
89
,
90
,
193
Belli, P 68
,
71
Belsen case 141
Bildt, C 86
,
87
,
89
,
193
Bohlander, M 159
Bonafé, B 51
,
55
,
57
,
58
,
65
Borchard, 70, E 69
,
70
Bosnia–Herzegovina 45
,
83
,
90
,
133
,
161
,
193
,
197
,
199
,
205
Bosnian Genocide case 3
,
17
,
21
,
25
,
27
,
44
,
49
,
59
,
65
,
75
,
77
,
78
,
83
,
85
,
87
,
90
,
91
,
93
,
103
,
187
,
191
,
193
,
194
,
200
,
216
,
218
Brdjanin case 22
,
135
,
137
,
138
,
140
,
149
,
154
,
162
,
188
,
203
,
205
Bush Jr, President GW 62
Cassese, Judge 92
,
93
,
94
,
155
,
199
,
200
causa causae est causa causati 139
Čelebići case 128
collective punishment 39
,
40
Congo Liberation Movement (mlc) 82
conspiracy 19
,
119
,
121
,
122
,
123
,
125
,
126
,
172
,
197
,
203
Contras 60
,
78
,
79
,
80
,
81
,
87
,
90
,
194
Control Council Law No 10, Punishment of Persons Guilty of War Crimes, Crimes Against the Peace and Humanity 22
,
116
,
117
,
119
,
121
,
125
,
131
,
135
,
202
co-perpetration 19
,
22
,
23
,
55
,
119
,
121
,
129
,
140
,
155
,
157
,
161
,
162
,
163
,
164
,
165
,
167
,
168
,
170
,
173
,
176
,
179
,
182
,
184
,
185
,
188
,
201
,
209
,
213
Crawford, J 9
,
34
,
35
,
69
,
72
,
75
,
114
,
218
Croatia v Serbia case see Croatian Genocide case
Croatian Genocide case 21
,
187
Cryer, R xii
,
31
,
174
culpability 107
,
118
,
131
,
171
,
173
,
185
,
202
,
204
Cyprus v Turkey case 24
,
98
,
101
,
102
Dachau Concentration Camp case 141
Danner, A 30
Darfur 44
State organ, de facto 74
,
75
,
78
,
83
,
84
,
85
,
94
,
99
,
101
,
103
,
191
,
199
,
201
,
209
,
211
,
213
,
4
,
26
de Hoogh, A 36
,
37
State organs, de jure 71
,
72
,
73
,
78
,
84
Democratic Republic of the Congo (drc) 21
,
81
,
82
,
166
,
210
Dogmatik 174
dolus directus 168
,
172
,
183
,
213
dolus eventualis 172
,
183
Drumbl, M 30
,
39
,
47
,
48
Dutch Battalion Protection Force (dutchbat) 86
,
87
Eagleton, C 69
,
70
,
71
East Timor 145
Eichmann case 41
erga omnes 8
,
9
,
10
,
11
,
36
,
51
,
109
,
110
,
113
,
215
erga omnes partes 11
,
113
Erskine, T 39
European Convention of Human Rights (echr) 96
,
97
,
99
,
100
,
101
,
103
,
114
European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) 100
,
102
,
103
,
113
,
214
,
218
ex proprio motu 165
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (fry) 87
forum prorogatum 38
Frontmann 173
,
174
Fulford, Judge 165
,
171
,
172
,
173
Furundzija case 127
Garcia-Amador, FV 7
Gacumbitsi case 23
,
141
,
175
,
176
,
203
Geneva Conventions 12
,
58
,
85
,
134
,
150
,
198
genocide 3
,
6
,
12
,
18
,
32
,
35
,
46
,
48
,
52
,
83
,
133
,
137
,
150
,
151
,
154
,
176
,
177
,
208
Genocide Convention 12
,
52
,
138
Gentili, A 68
German Criminal Code see Strafgesetzbuch
Goldhagen, DJ 47
Gowland-Debbas, V 38
Gustafson, K 139
Harare Accord 82
Kampala Accord 82
Hintermann 173
,
174
,
211
Hitler and ordinary Germans see Goldhagen, DJ
Hobbes, T 67
Holocaust 39
IG Farben case 125
Ilașcu and Others case 24
,
98
,
99
,
100
,
103
,
114
,
214
,
218
co-perpetration, indirect 19
,
22
,
23
,
55
,
119
,
121
,
129
,
130
,
140
,
155
,
157
,
158
,
161
,
162
,
163
,
164
,
165
,
167
,
168
,
170
,
173
,
176
,
179
,
182
,
183
,
185
,
188
,
201
,
209
,
213
perpetration, indirect 19
,
22
,
23
,
55
,
121
,
157
,
165
,
173
,
176
,
177
,
182
,
184
,
188
,
211
,
219
individual responsibility xii
,
7
,
11
,
19
,
25
,
28
,
29
,
39
,
41
,
51
,
52
,
55
,
56
,
63
,
115
,
117
,
122
,
124
,
126
,
127
,
133
,
192
,
198
Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR) 24
,
26
,
97
,
103
,
105
,
106
,
112
,
113
,
214
International Court of Justice (icj) 4
,
8
,
13
,
14
,
20
,
25
,
26
,
27
,
28
,
38
,
44
,
49
,
75
,
76
,
77
,
78
,
79
,
80
,
81
,
82
,
83
,
91
,
93
,
94
,
96
,
103
,
106
,
111
,
112
,
113
,
114
,
144
,
187
,
191
,
198
,
200
,
201
,
2013
,
207
,
209
,
214
,
216
,
217
,
218
,
219
International Criminal Court (icc) xiii
,
12
,
14
,
16
,
18
,
21
,
22
,
115
,
116
,
185
International Criminal Court, Statute of the 18
,
32
,
53
,
54
,
157
,
167
,
171
,
172
,
178
,
181
international criminal law 6
,
7
,
11
,
14
,
16
,
17
,
27
,
34
,
41
,
55
,
56
,
57
,
114
,
115
,
117
,
120
,
127
,
155
,
175
,
183
,
188
,
203
,
216
International Criminal Tribunal For Rwanda (ictr) 21
,
23
,
31
,
58
,
116
,
117
,
126
,
137
,
176
International Criminal Tribunal For the Former Yugoslavia (icty) 56
,
58
,
84
,
85
,
87
,
90
,
93
,
116
,
119
,
126
,
127
,
128
,
129
,
132
,
132
,
135
,
136
,
142
,
146
,
156
,
161
,
198
,
200
International Law Commission (ilc) 4
,
5
,
9
,
71
,
72
,
74
,
92
ilc Special Rapporteurs see Ago, R; Garcia-Amador, FV; Crawford, J
International Military Tribunal (imt) 22
,
49
,
64
,
116
,
117
,
119
,
121
,
122
,
123
,
124
,
125
,
126
,
197
,
202
International Military Tribunal of the Far East (imtfe) 116
,
118
,
119
,
121
,
123
Iran 76
Isaacs, T 40
isis 221
Jackson, M 62
,
63
Jain, N 116
,
158
,
159
,
174
Jean Bemba case 82
Joint Criminal Enterprise (jce) 22
,
23
,
55
,
126
,
127
,
128
,
129
,
133
,
134
,
135
,
136
,
137
,
139
,
140
,
152
,
156
,
160
,
162
,
165
,
168
,
172
,
184
,
202
,
203
,
207
,
211
,
213
,
216
jce 2 – inference of intention from knowledge of the common plan 130
,
140
,
141
,
143
,
144
,
145
,
146
,
204
,
206
jce 3 – inference of intention where crimes are foreseeable 130
,
146
,
150
,
154
,
177
,
184
,
204
,
206
Jørgensen, N 49
,
50
,
51
,
63
Josef Alstötter et al case 125
jus ad bellum 53
jus cogens 9
,
51
Kabila, L 81
,
166
Kaer Mutin Meran Putih 146
Kant’s moral notion 11
,
12
,
192
Karadžić, R 151
,
161
Kelman, H 31
,
47
Kenyatta et al case 23
,
180
,
181
,
182
,
212
,
219
Kenyatta, President U 180
Krnojelac case 22
,
142
,
143
Krstić case 22
,
136
,
149
,
150
,
151
Kvočka case 22
,
142
,
144
,
145
,
206
Laird, K 118
Laswell, HD 20
League of Nations, Assembly of the 69
Lemkin, R 47
lex lata 6
,
19
,
66
,
91
lex specialis 62
,
63
,
109
,
110
,
111
,
196
liability 5
,
17
,
27
,
41
,
49
,
49
,
50
,
55
,
56
,
57
,
117
,
121
,
123
,
126
,
127
,
132
,
134
,
137
,
139
,
140
,
146
,
149
,
151
,
154
,
157
,
164
,
167
,
169
,
170
Libya 52
Lockerbie 52
Loizidou case 24
,
98
,
101
,
102
,
114
,
218
London Agreement 49
,
122
,
124
Luban, D 47
,
56
,
205
Lubanga case 23
,
165
,
166
,
167
,
168
,
169
,
170
,
172
,
178
,
188
,
210
Lusaka Peace Accords 81
Mahiou, Judge 27
,
83
,
90
,
91
,
219
Mapiripan Massacre case 24
,
105
,
106
,
109
,
112
Martinez, J 30
Mavrommatis principle 34
McDougal, MS 20
mens rea 134
,
162
,
163
,
164
,
177
Milanović, M 94
,
112
,
190
,
191
Miller, S 97
,
189
Milošević case 205
Milošević, General S 56
,
86
,
89
,
193
,
205
Mixed Claims Commission 69
Mladić, General R 84
,
86
,
89
,
90
,
193
Mobutu Sese Seko, President 81
modus operandi 204
Moldova 98
,
99
Moldovan Republic of Transdniestria (mrt) 98
New Haven School 20
Nicaragua case 20
,
21
,
25
,
60
,
61
,
65
,
75
,
77
,
78
,
80
,
81
,
82
,
83
,
84
,
85
,
87
,
88
,
90
,
91
,
93
,
187
,
193
,
194
,
200
,
216
Nollkaemper, A 36
,
44
,
47
,
51
,
52
,
57
,
64
,
65
,
197
nullem crimen 155
Nuremberg 31
,
49
,
116
,
131
,
148
,
153
,
193
,
203
Ohlin, J 210
Okowa, P 32
,
35
,
64
Olleson, S 34
organisational apparatus 174
,
179
,
211
,
212
Organisationsherrschaft (organisational apparatus) 174
,
179
,
180
,
181
,
211
,
213
Ormerod, D 118
Osiel, M 47
Paniagua Morales case 24
,
105
,
106
,
110
Pasternak, A 39
perpetration 19
,
58
,
80
,
129
,
138
,
141
,
156
,
157
,
158
,
173
,
174
,
176
,
179
,
185
,
186
,
188
,
211
,
216
Pinochet, General A 170
,
178
principal 1
,
61
,
118
,
119
,
139
,
143
,
157
,
188
Psychological Operations in Guerrilla Warfare 79
Pueblo Massacre case 24
,
105
,
106
,
107
,
109
Pufendorf, S 68
Punch, M 31
Rapporteurs, on arsiwa 8
,
9
,
72
rationae personae 7
,
26
Red Berets 83
Republic of Serbia (Republika Srpska) 84
,
89
,
136
Röling, Judge 41
,
42
,
43
,
44
,
47
Rome Statute 45
,
53
,
55
,
145
Regan, President R 79
Ruys, T 54
,
64
Rwamakuba case 137
,
203
Rwanda 1
,
21
,
32
,
45
,
177
,
203
Ryangaert, C 59
Schomburg, Judge 140
,
175
,
176
,
177
,
178
Scobbie, I 36
Scorpions 83
,
84
Serbia 4
,
6
,
35
,
83
,
84
,
85
,
86
,
89
,
90
,
203
,
205
Serbia–Montenegro 83
,
89
,
90
Serbian Democratic Party (sds) 151
,
152
,
162
Serbian Republic of Bosnia–Herzegovina 45
,
133
,
205
Shahabuddeen, Judge 217
Smith, kjm 127
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (sfry) 87
,
88
,
194
Special Court for Sierra Leone (scsl) 21
,
119
,
126
,
149
Special Representative of the (UN) Secretary General 86
Stakić case 22
,
23
,
151
,
152
,
157
,
161
,
164
,
175
Srebrenica 152
Strafgesetzbuch (German Criminal Code) 156
,
157
,
183
Sudan 44
Tadić case 22
,
56
,
60
,
84
,
85
,
87
,
88
,
89
,
94
,
97
,
128
,
129
,
131
,
135
,
141
,
147
,
148
,
149
,
154
,
168
,
188
,
198
,
199
,
203
,
204
,
217
,
218
,
219
Taliban 33
,
63
Teheran Hostages case 76
,
197
Teichman, M 36
“The Manual” 79
,
193
Treaty of Versailles 40
Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (trnc) 101
,
102
,
114
,
218
Uganda 21
,
82
,
166
,
210
Ukraine 98
ultra vires 75
United Nations 12
,
36
,
38
,
53
,
192
United Nations, Charter of the 12
,
53
,
192
United Nations General Assembly 73
,
126
United Nations Protection Force 86
United Nations Security Council 36
United Nations Special Representative 86
United Self-Defence Forces of Colombia (usdfc) 109
,
110
United States (as country) 33
,
76
,
77
,
78
,
79
,
80
,
86
,
87
,
90
,
120
,
135
,
136
,
193
United States Central Intelligence Agency 86
United States Government 81
United States Intelligence Committee 79
Van den Wyngaert, Judge 157
,
165
,
171
,
183
van Sliedregt, E 139
,
154
,
156
,
205
Vattel, E 68
Vetlesen, AJ 30
,
117
Vojska Republike Srpske (vrs) 83
,
84
,
86
,
89
,
90
,
136
Weigend, T 174
Werle, G 174
,
175
White, N 36
,
38
Wolff, C 68
World War i 69
,
190
World War ii 1
,
12
,
39
,
41
,
47
,
64
,
117
,
135
,
192
,
197
,
222
Yugoslav Army (jna) 90
Zegveld, L 57
,
59
,
65
,
196
Zimmerman, A 36
Zouche, R 68