General Index
Absalon, Danish bishop and archbishop
56 –58 73n130
,
77
,
81
,
82
,
91 –97 99
,
102
,
103
,
105 –107 110
,
128n88
,
134
,
156n65
,
166 –168 177n142
,
179n149
,
218
,
219
,
226n303
,
231n317
, 319,
243
Adele, Queen of Denmark
76n150
Aelred of Rievaulx
51
,
52
,
55n62
agapē
34
agency
134n113
,
244
,
245
agnatic kinship system
67
,
72n128
Ailnoth
88n189
,
150n39
,
199
Alcuin
31
,
52n44
,
87
Ambrose
32 –34 36
,
51
,
88
,
90
amicitia
23
,
24
,
27 –31 33
,
34
,
37
,
50 –52 59
,
75
,
76
,
83
,
84
,
87
,
88n189
,
90
,
99
,
101
,
113
,
116n32
,
121
,
124 –127 135
,
164
,
176
,
178
,
179
,
180
,
197
,
200
,
203
,
206
,
243
amicitia perfecta
30
,
90
amor
23
,
37
,
59
,
76
,
113
,
125
Andreas Sunesen, Danish chancellor and archbishop
82
,
94
,
96
,
167
,
168
,
179n149
anthropological turn
10
arenga
103
Aristotle
3n7
,
20
,
22
,
24 –30 33 –37 52n47
,
90n
,
100n221
,
105n
Asser Rig, Danish magnate
91
Athelstan, English king
123
,
131
Augustine
6
,
32 –36 39
,
45
,
47
,
51
,
52n44
Augustinians
45
,
46n19
,
56
,
57n69
Bagler
187n173
Bede
52
,
53n51
,
164
beneficium
76
,
127
,
130
,
164
benevolentia
29
,
33
,
63
,
90
,
94
Bernard of Clairvaux
50 –52 54n55
,
55
Bernhard of Ratzeburg
61n88
,
167n107
Bertulf, Flemish provost
177 –179 186n172
bilateral kinship system
105
,
144
Birger Brosa, Swedish earl (jarl)
77
,
179
,
193
,
194n199
,
198
,
207n243
,
217
,
240
,
246
Birkebeiner
152
,
153
,
165
,
169
,
187
Bjälbo
209
,
210
Bjälbo runestone
209
,
210
brotherhood ideal
238
Bruges
161
,
180
,
225
Buris Henriksen, Danish duke
113n15
,
227
Canute (Knud) the Great
78
,
79
,
87n189
,
162
,
196n206
cardinal virtues (sacrae virtutes)
36
,
63
,
90
caritas
29
,
34
,
37
,
39
,
47
,
58
,
59
,
62
,
76
,
89
,
90n
,
113
,
125
,
197
,
204
,
234
Carolingian renaissance
20
,
31
,
39
,
43
Cecilia, daughter of Knud iv
76
,
77
celibacy
32
,
45
,
47
,
48
,
53
Charles the Good, Flemish count
72n127
,
76n150
,
77n153
,
115 –117 121
,
123n65
,
136n127
,
157n71
,
161n85
,
176
,
178
,
179
,
180
,
205
,
207
,
215n273
,
225n301
church fathers
20
,
28
,
32 –36 38
,
48n26
,
50
,
51
,
90
,
245
Cicero
6
,
20
,
23
,
24
,
27 –30 33
,
34 –36 38 –40 43
,
48
,
50
,
51
,
64
,
68
,
78
,
83
,
84
,
90
,
94
,
101
,
105 –107 109
,
110
,
124n77
,
134
,
188
,
201n
,
243
,
247
cistercians
44 –46 50
,
63
,
222
City of God (de civitate Dei)
6
,
7
,
38
,
45
,
49
,
65
clerici
43
,
45
Cluny
45
,
184
communitas
35
compadre/compadrazgo
127
concubinage
132n106
,
145
,
146
,
158n73
confréries
220
,
221
coniuratio
180
,
203
,
230
,
231
Conrad, emperor of the Holy Roman Empire
99
consensus fidelium
104n229
,
183
,
186
Corpus iuris civilis
194
contract/contractual relations
2
,
30
,
59
,
62
,
89n193
,
90
,
111
,
112
,
118
,
124 –126 163
,
167
,
168
,
219
,
235
courtly love
72
crusades
46
,
48n27
,
73
,
92
,
95
,
104
,
182
,
184
,
185
,
199n213
,
216
,
217
,
220
,
221
,
227
,
229
,
234
,
235
,
238 –240
cult of saints
239
culture, concept
245 –247
De amicitia
20
,
28
,
29
,
51
,
83
,
84
,
101
,
124n77
De officis
28n33
,
29
,
83
,
84
Dei gratia/gracia
104
,
192
,
193
,
194n199
,
197
devotio
31
,
59
,
89
dexia
129
dilectio
34
,
59
,
113
,
121
,
124n75
,
125
distrust
173
,
174
divine witnesses
119n46
,
130
,
137
dorea
129
,
130
Dudo of St Quentin
124
,
126
,
133 –137 246
Ebbe Skjalmsen, Danish magnate
165
,
166
Ebbe Sunesen, Danish magnate
167
,
168
encounter stories
129
,
132
Erembald clan
116
,
117n33
,
136n127
,
177 –179
Erik, Danish magnate
76
,
77
,
155n62
Erik dynasty
227n
Erik Ejegod, Danish king
90n
Erik Emune, Danish king
117n35
,
215n273
,
230n315
Erik Jedvardson (the Holy), Swedish king
227n305
Erik Klipping, Danish king
162
,
165
Erik Menved, Danish king
165
Erling Skakke, Norwegian earl (jarl)
149 –151 159n78
,
165
,
184
,
186n172
,
239
Esbern Snare, Danish magnate
82
,
87n185
,
97
,
103
,
156n65
,
231n
Eskil, Danish bishop and archbishop
61
esotericism
58
,
68
,
84
,
85
,
97
,
107
,
230
Esrom monastery
63
euergesia
129
eunia
26
,
29
Eystein Haraldsson, Norwegian king
98n214
,
157
,
160n81
,
161
,
184
,
186
,
187
,
232n322
Eystein Magnusson, Norwegian king
185
,
228
,
230
familia
58
,
76
,
92
,
93
,
97
,
105
,
106
,
177
feast (convivium)
101
,
114
,
119
,
129
,
145
,
147
,
161
,
169n114
,
186n172
,
208n247
,
228
,
239
,
255
feudal/feudalism
8
,
15
,
42
,
49
,
53
,
65n
,
68
,
74
,
103
,
111
,
112
,
114n19
,
116n32
,
117n33
,
118
,
124
,
125
,
129
,
130
,
140
,
180
,
181
,
205
feuding society
34
,
73
,
205
Folke, Swedish magnate
77
Folkungar
179
,
190
followers (fylgðarmenn)
121
fostering
10
,
72
,
91
,
92
,
127 –129 148
,
169
fraternitas
35
,
197
,
203
,
213
,
214n269
Frederick Barbarossa, emperor of the Holy Roman Empire
99
,
125
Fulbert of Chartres
118
Galbert of Bruges
74n136
,
77n153
,
115
,
118
,
121
,
157n71
,
166n104
,
176
,
178
,
186n172
,
205
,
207
,
215n273
,
231
,
246
Gautier of Thérouanne
176 –178
generosity (liberalitas)
25
,
26
,
30
,
100
,
114
,
128
,
132
,
146
,
161
,
164
,
175n134
,
177
,
183
,
184
,
186 –188 235
,
236
,
239
Gertrud, daughter of Henry the Lion
92
gift exchange
111
,
130
,
131
,
227
,
228
,
239
,
244
,
245
gift society
10
,
16n40
,
189
,
196n207
,
239
goðar, (Icelandic chieftains)
113
,
145
,
179n148
godparenthood/godfather
10
,
127
,
129
God’s Peace movement
47
,
74
,
182
,
205
government
2
,
6
,
17
,
55
,
65
,
66n105
,
77
,
79 –81 91
,
92
,
94
,
99n216
,
101
,
103n226
,
104
,
106
,
109 –111 139 –143 154
,
159n79
,
183
,
184
,
187n173
,
188
,
190
,
191
,
194 –198 201
,
202
,
205
,
206n239
,
212
,
218
,
230n315
,
233
,
235
,
237
,
241
,
242
greed (avaritia)
21
,
98n212
,
100
,
101
,
184
,
187
Gregorius Dagsson, Norwegian magnate
156
,
157
,
179n152
,
187n174
Gregory the Great
36
,
48n26
Gregory vii, pope
49
group culture
7
,
19
,
35
,
37
,
72
,
73
,
75
,
109
,
143
,
201 –203 207
,
209
,
210
,
212
,
215 –217 219
,
224 –226 232
,
234
,
238
,
242
,
245
Guild of St Knud
73
,
214
,
216
,
217
,
222
,
224
,
225
,
227
,
229
,
231 –233 238
,
239
Guldholm monastery
227
Harald Gille, Norwegian king
117n35
,
157
,
158
,
169
,
170
,
183
,
186
,
187
,
199
Harald Hildetand, Danish king
188
Harold Godwinsson, English king
136
Hávamál
61
,
175
Helmold of Bosau, German priest
82
,
92n200
,
136n125
,
206
,
230n315
Henry the Lion, Saxon duke
92
,
96n209
,
125
,
126
,
189
,
230n314
hiketeia
129
Hincmar of Reims
73
hird/hirdmen/hird law
79
,
147
,
151 –153 156
,
159
,
160
,
162
,
196
,
232
history of mentalities
11n27
,
12 –14 17
,
242
,
244
Hobbes, Thomas
1 –4 6
,
7
,
11
,
37
,
159
,
175
,
180
,
241
homagium
116n32
,
118
,
205n236
homosociality
72n127
,
82
,
75
,
108
,
109
,
246
honour
73
,
79
,
98 –100 112
,
114
,
116
,
120 –123 125
,
127
,
131
,
132
,
134
,
140
,
142
,
146
,
149
,
152
,
155
,
158n73
,
163 –165 171 –173 175
,
176
,
179
,
181
,
183
,
188
,
193
,
194
,
200
,
207
,
212
,
213
,
229n310
,
231n319
,
232
,
233
,
239
Horace
31n48
,
83
,
164
,
168
Håkon iv Håkonsson, Norwegian king
148
,
149
,
198
ideology, concept
17
Inge the Hunchback, Norwegian king
76n147
,
99n214
,
156
,
157
,
160n81
,
165
,
169
,
170
,
171
,
179n152
,
184
,
186
,
187n
,
230
Ingegerd, daughter of Knud iv
77
Ingrid, Norwegian Queen and Swedish Princess
156
Ira Regis
76
,
95
iustitia
86
,
89
,
105
Jerome
32
,
36
,
51
Johan Sverkersson, Swedish king
194
John of Salisbury
28
,
31
,
48n29
,
54 –56 58
,
78
,
82
,
87
,
91n199
,
100n220
,
152n47
,
165
,
196
Jon Kuvlung, Norwegian chieftain
165
Julita monastery
207
,
240
King by the grace of God
18
,
104
,
141
,
147
,
150
,
186
,
192
,
197
,
198
,
211
,
212
,
217
,
228
,
229
,
233 –235 240
,
244
kinship society/kinship system
10
,
105
,
128
,
144
kiss, symbolic
93
,
114
,
115
,
118
,
124
,
137
Knud iv (the Holy)
76
,
77
,
88n39
,
150n
,
199
,
223n39
,
226
Knud vi, Danish king
80
,
84
,
85
,
92
,
96
,
99
,
101
,
103
,
104
,
167n109
,
186n172
,
194
,
211
,
215
,
216
,
223n
,
225
,
226
,
228
,
231
Knud Lavard, Danish duke
91
,
119n45
,
136
,
155n62
,
161n85
,
189
,
206
,
213
,
214n271
,
215n273
,
216
,
222
,
225
,
226
,
227
,
230
,
247
Knud Magnusen, Danish king
97
,
98
,
99
,
101
,
107
,
119
,
134n114
,
223n
,
226
,
231
Knud Prizlavsen, Danish/Slavic prince
102
Knut Eriksson, Swedish king
62
,
192
,
193
,
207
,
217n279
,
227n305
,
240
Kungahälla
199n213
königsnähe
76
,
77
legal anthropology
10
,
12 –14 141n3
,
149
Leviathan
1
,
2
,
4
,
6n14
,
241
lordship, concept
142
Lödöse
4
,
5
Machiavelli, Niccòlo
11
,
12n28
,
31
,
56n65
,
87
,
171n121
,
175
mafia
69n117
,
127n85
,
146
,
154n58
,
155
,
158n77
,
172
,
173
,
174
,
177n143
,
178
,
181
,
191n185
mafiosi
175
Magnus the Blind, Norwegian king
157
,
158
,
160n81
,
170
,
171
,
183
,
187
,
199
Magnus Erlingsson, Norwegian king
150 –153 159n78
,
165
,
169
,
184
,
186n172
,
199
,
200
Magnus Ladulås, Swedish king
162
Magnus Nielsen, Danish prince and king of Götaland
97
,
136
,
155n62
Manegold of Lautenbach
195
mediation
35
,
102
,
118
,
121
,
122
,
130
,
134
,
135
,
137
,
146n23
,
147
,
150
,
167
,
178n146
,
200
,
206n238
,
245
mores
68
,
72
mortal sins
169
Niels Svendsen, Danish king
72n130
,
119n45
,
136
,
161n85
,
166n106
,
199
,
206
,
230
oath breaker
117n33
,
119
,
120
,
136
,
189
oath of loyalty
109
,
116n29
,
118
,
126
,
154
,
191n185
,
226
,
230
,
231
,
237
,
239
oath-takings
118
,
120
,
137
obedience
141
,
154
,
232
,
236
Olav the Holy, Norwegian king and saint
74n134
,
175n134
,
197n210
,
211
,
222
,
240
Olav Kyrre, Norwegian king
211
Olav Magnusson, Norwegian king
185
Olav Tryggvason, Norwegian king
175n134
Omer, bishop in Denmark
60
omertà
173
oratores, bellatores, laboratores
43
,
48
,
115
Orderic Vitalis
82
,
185n169
,
198
osculum
118
Ottonian dynasty
72
,
135
,
142
,
186
,
188n178
,
191
,
222
,
228
,
229n310
pardoning rituals
129
,
132
,
172
,
176n140
,
179
,
197
,
200
patria
29
,
94 –96 187
,
198
,
201
patriarchal ideology
71
,
167
,
225
,
226
,
236
,
240
patron-client relationship
24n19
,
31
,
37
,
38
,
58
,
68
,
103n
,
127
,
135
,
140
,
141
,
145
,
146
,
147
,
151
,
152
,
154
,
159
,
163
,
164
,
166
,
167
,
168
,
173
,
174
,
179
,
180
,
182
,
191n185
,
207
,
208
,
220
,
227
,
235
,
236
,
247
Paulinus of Nola
35
,
36
,
51
,
52n24
pax
74
,
124
,
176
,
200
Peder Thorstensen, Danish magnate
102
,
127
,
130
performance theory
114n21
,
158n77
performative acts/performatives
10n22
,
12
,
18
,
59
,
110
,
134
,
136
,
137
,
242
,
245
,
246
Peter the Venerable
51
,
55
,
184n169
philia
22 –26 29
,
30
,
33
,
34
,
164
pista
129
Poetic Edda
61
,
70n21
,
117
practice theory
114n
prayer communities (societates)
35
,
220 –222 227
pre-state society
8
,
143
,
149
,
180
pride (superbia)
36
,
83
,
98
,
100
,
101
,
104
,
169
primogeniture
68
prince’s mirrors
28
,
31
,
78
,
83
,
149n34
,
190
protegé
31
,
164
prudentia
84
,
94
,
96
Pythagoras
20
,
24
,
25
reform movement
39
,
43
,
45
,
47
,
49
,
55
,
65
,
108
,
185
relations of service
112
,
139
,
141
,
142
,
153
,
160
,
161
,
189
,
236
relics
90n
,
92n200
,
114
,
119
,
123
,
124
,
136n126
,
199
,
207
,
226
reputazione
175
respect (rispetto)
173
rex Dei
189
,
192
,
197
rex iustus
84
,
148
,
186n172
,
188
,
195
,
196n207
,
197
,
198
,
201
rex tyrannus
84
,
98
,
188
,
197
Richard I, duke of Normandy
72n130
,
114
,
121n61
,
124
,
126
,
133n108
Richard the Lionheart, king of England
55n62
Rígsthula
70
,
71
,
73
,
175
ríki
120
Ringsted
92n200
,
186n172
,
214
,
215n274
,
222
,
225 –228 239
ritual, concept
113
,
114
Robert ii, Flemish count
206
Robert of Ely
119n45
,
136
,
155n62
Rollo, Scandinavian warlord
72n130
,
123
,
131
Roskilde
56
,
81
,
86
,
89
,
91
,
101
,
119
,
132n107
,
179n149
royal saints (saint-princes)
191
,
214n271
,
226n303
Rus
130
,
131
saints
35
,
114
,
115
,
119n46
,
191
,
199
,
219
,
220
,
222
,
223n
,
239
,
240
salutation (salutation)
140
,
166
,
167
,
193
,
198
Schleswig
132n107
,
161n85
,
189
,
199n213
,
205
,
206
,
215
,
230
security (securitas)
116n32
,
118
,
176
semiotic community
59
,
194
,
246
Seneca
20
,
27n30
,
28
,
33
,
80n164
,
83
,
134
Sigtuna
193
,
208n247
,
209
,
210
Sigurd jarl, Norwegian earl
151
Sigurd Magnusson, the Crusader, Norwegian king
170n117
,
184
,
185
,
199
,
221
,
239
Sigurd Munn, Norwegian king
156
,
157
,
160n81
,
171
,
179n152
Sigurd Slembe, Norwegian pretender to the throne
158
,
160n81
,
169
,
179
,
171
Skjalm Hvide, Danish magnate
91
social capital
64
,
67
,
108
,
149
,
155
,
159
,
161n85
,
175
,
176
,
178
,
207
,
219n286
,
229
societas
35
,
203
,
213
spiritalis amicitia
51
,
52
St Geneviève, abbey
56
St Knud
212 –215 225
,
226
,
228
,
230
,
238
St Victor
61
state society
2
,
144
,
233
Stephen of Tournai
57
,
60
,
247
Stig Andersen Hvide, Danish marshal
166
structure, concept
244
,
245
Sune Ebbesen, Danish magnate
93
,
94
,
97
,
99
,
100
,
103
,
156n65
supplication/ritual of subordination
77n155
,
88n189
,
115
,
120
,
121
,
129
,
172n123
,
197
Svend Aggesen, Danish author and royal retainer
78
,
79
,
162
,
186n
,
196n172
Svend Estridsen, Danish king
81
,
86 –91 93 –96 106
,
189n183
,
218
,
237
,
243
Svend Grathe, Danish king
97 –102 119
,
120
,
134n114
,
136n126
,
155n61
,
165
,
179
,
188
,
189
,
215n273
,
231n319
,
232n322
Sverker dynasty
170n117
Sverker, Swedish king
222n294
Sverre Sigurdsson, Norwegian king
148
,
149
,
151 –153 155
,
165
,
169
,
172
,
187n173
,
199
,
200
,
234n326
,
236
,
240
symbolic capital
54
,
59
,
60
,
64
,
68
,
82
,
83n174
,
88n189
,
108
,
140
,
155
,
165
,
176
,
207
,
227
,
229
,
238
,
240
,
243
symbolon
129
temperance (temperantia)
49
,
63n98
,
88
,
96
,
99
trust (fides)
4
,
5
,
23
,
28
,
29
,
31
,
38
,
61
,
63
,
86
,
88
,
89
,
93
,
109
,
112
,
113
,
115
,
120
,
121n58
,
124
,
127
,
135
,
137
,
154
,
167
,
172
,
174
,
191n185
,
213
,
231n319
,
232
,
235
,
248
Torben, Danish magnate
102
,
167n109
total social phenomenon
16
,
17
,
124
,
137
,
138
,
204
,
219
,
238
,
243 –245
traditional society
141
,
143
,
144
,
168
,
191
,
197
,
200
,
202
trusted men (trúnaðarmenn)
120
,
121n58
,
154
,
213
Tvis monastery
227
twelfth-century renaissance
6
,
31
,
39
,
41
,
50
,
52n47
,
55
,
68
,
80
,
83
,
108
,
110
utilitas
105
,
196
Valdemar, duke and bishop
165
Valdemar I/the Great, Danish king
72n130
,
78
,
80
,
81
,
87n185
,
91 –107 108
,
110
,
119
,
120
,
125
,
127
,
128n88
,
130n99
,
134
,
136
,
150
,
159n78
,
179
,
186n172
,
188
,
189n183
,
194
,
200
,
211 –216 218
,
221
,
222n294
,
224 –226 228
,
229n310
,
231
,
234
,
237
,
238
,
240
,
243
Valdemar ii/the Victorious, Danish king
84
,
85
,
92
,
96
,
103
,
104
,
211
,
215
,
216
,
223n
,
226
,
227
,
234
Valdemarian dynasty
79
,
80
,
91
,
92n200
,
143
,
189
,
203
,
211
,
212
,
215
,
217
,
223
,
224
,
226
,
227
,
229 –231 233
,
236
,
237
,
239
,
240
,
243 –245 247
Valerius Maximus
31
,
50n37
,
80n164
,
83
,
89n193
vera amicitia
30
,
50
,
59
Viby monastery
62
,
193
virtue of wisdom (sapientia/sophia)
21
,
26
,
49
,
56
,
63n98
virtus
30
,
48n26
,
103
væringjar
210
Walbert, abbot in Denmark
63
William of Æbelholt, abbot in Denmark
51
,
56 –58 60 –63 166 –168 247
William the Conqueror
72n129
,
116n31
,
186
William Clito, count of Flanders
116
,
166n104
William Longsword, duke of Normandy
122
,
136
William of Roskilde, bishop in Denmark
81
,
86 –96 98
,
106
,
218
,
243
William count of Ypres
121
,
178
,
179
xenia
128 –130 132
,
172n123