Index
Abbasid Caliphate
9
67
68
73
77
109
110
171
194
206
208
209
215
219
221
222
228
248
254
277
279
288
296
297
300
304
316
332
466
484
Abbasid empire
198
199
245
246
293
334
Abbott, Keith Edward
375
ʿabd
70
124
129
ʿAbduh, Muhammad
112
139
158
367
483
Abdulmejid, Sultan
221
240
272
300
301
326
394
395
397
406
abolition
5
11
13
16
19
47
56
65
78
124
136
138
139
144
145
157
158
204
217
218
307
370
411
412
415
419
471
479
486
488
490
492
493
495
496
501
502
506
511
513
514
Abolitionism
307
348
Abu Bakr, 159, 161–164, 167, 171, 173, 174, 176, 179, 180, 182, 195, 466
Abu Luʾluʾa
169
Abyssinia
12
20
92
98
182
257
259
260
280
298
301
365
393
407
414
415
Achaemenid empire
41
46
48
79
194
Act for the Suppression of the Slave Trade
353
al-Adab al-Mufrad
169
Aden
26
92
246
253
256
258
260
320
349
353
360
451
452
458
459
Admiralty (British)
34
355
362
363
Afghani, Jamal al-Din al-
483
Africa
9
12
29
79
86
173
179
188
196
326
328
341
342
259
300
307
427
456
476
509
slavery in
11
80
92
93
203
206
208
209
252
265
269
273
285
308
313
315
358
377
378
382
383
386
392
397
399
424
425
432
439
Afroeurasian world
14
17
20
312
314
316
332
447
455
488
Afro-Irano-Semitic influences
20
23
28
30
64
488
Agatharchides
79
Age of Reform
340
Age of Revolution
249
312
315
333
340
Aghasi, Hajji Mirza
381
agricultural production
42
178
322
376
aḥādīth
99
133
147
151
200
435
491
Ahmad Baba
115
Ahmad Bey
365
384
395
396
513
514
Akbar
335
338
Akkad civilization
32
al-asl huwa ‘l-hurriyya (presumption of freedom)
155
al-Din, Nasir Muhammad Shah (Qajar)
17
360
384
386
Alexander the Great
44
74
101
337
Algaze, Guillermo
37
Al Qaeda
465
ʿAli, Abdullah Yusuf
89
99
106
112
119
ʿAli Bey al-Kabir
236
41
ʿAli ibn Abi Talib
1
90
108
151
159
160
171
379
ʿAli, Chiragh
369
ʿAli, Kecia
126
296
467
504
ʿAli, Sayyid Amir
368
369
ʿAli, Syed Ameer
138
Allegory of the Cave (Qurʾanic)
97
100
Allen, Richard B.
11
266
341
Amitai, Reuven
226
227
239
240
Amman
460
Amnesty International
471
472
Anatolia
30
92
194
216
236
238
239
248
330
Anfāl, al- (“spoils”)
140
144
Anglo-Egyptian convention
414
417
Anglo-Zanzibari-Omani Treaty
357
animals, animalization
24
25
26
57
Anṣār, the
160
170
176
185
apostasy
4
Arabian Peninsula
17
21
26
28
63
64
77
92
93
101
159
167
168
178
179
190
191
194
248
250
257
258
262
267
268
285
316
320
327
328
333
352
353
366
394
447
451
452
454
458
Arabian Sea
29
198
249
250
252
338
352
Aristotle
25
54
57
aṣḥāb al-yamīn
130
Assyria
32
36
45
46
Atlantic Ocean
28
314
Atlantic World
8
249
440
Ayalon, David
15
221
222
224
228
230
232
241
242
286
289
303
306
Ayyubid period
214
215
Azami, Muhammad Mustapha
149
Babylonia
12
20
32
36
41
61
63
70
73
94
79
81
84
177
178
194
203
340
Baer, Gabriel
390
al-Baghdadi, Abu Bakr
466
al-Baghdadi, Khatib
197
Bahri Mamluks
227
292
Baker, Sir Samuel
400
402
410
Bakir, Abd el-Mohsen
44
al-Baladhuri, Ahmed ibn Yahya
166
174
75
176
180
183
184
189
193
Baluchistan
250
267
301
334
377
378
382
386
387
424
458
Banaji, D.R.
281
339
366
Banū Mustaliq
142
143
Banu Quraydha
476
489
500
Banū Umayya clan
108
Baqir al-Sadr, Muhammad
495
Barghash bin Saʿīd (Sultan of Zanzibar)
17
271
272
424
438
al-Barnawi, Abu Musab
468
baqt
168
183
194
206
390
Basil I
68
Battle of Badr
141
Beckwith, Christopher
245
Bedouin
62
93
107
141
159
174
178
192
209
267
290
426
452
453
“Bedouin of the Sea.” See Omanis
Beja (tribe)
191
192
Bellagio-Harvard Guidelines on slavery
4
Bello, Muhammadu
321
322
324
469
Berlin, Isaiah
480
481
Bhacker, M. Rheda
254
Bianquis, Thierry
211
213
Bilal Ibn Rabah
94
96
118
163
175
Bin Saʿud, Muhammad
453
Black Sea
248
379
Boko Haram
3
4
5
18
193
450
465
471
468
473
480
482
484
485
491
492
505
511
515
Bonaparte, Napoleon
236
Bondu Caliphate
320
321
Bonner, M.
166
booty (ghanīma) 53, 60, 67, 72, 122–123n119, 128, 165, 166, 171, 172, 174, 179–181, 184, 189n99, 260–261, 278, 281, 288, 322, 323, 364, 425, 477, 494
“borrowing” thesis
12
13
60
61
Bosworth, C.E.
196
221
Bowring, John
398
branding
35
211
Brazil
8
325
440
British Anti-Slavery Movement
307
348
British (UK) Parliament
16
265
309
310
315
316
333
340
344
346
348
441
442
447
Brockopp, Jonathan
96
169
Brown, Christopher Leslie
311
Buckland, W.W.
66
Buddhism/Buddhist
39
40
136
276
278
327
328
334
376
438
439
443
Bukhari, Sahih
148
169
Bulalawi, Muhammad al-
410
412
Burbank, Jane
262
Burckhardt, John Lewis
184
5
391
92
Burdett, Anita L.P.
353
354
“Burji Mamluks”
227
292
Burji Sultanate
227
228
280
292
Burke, Edmond
340
342
Byzantine slavery
12
26
27
58
60
63
65
69
215
243
249
294
303
331
Byzantium
53
58
65
67
205
Caesarea
165
274
176
caliph (khalīfa)
76
caliphal absolutism
197
Callimachi, Rukmini
3
472
Campbell, Gwyn
11
258
262
Canaan
20
capital crimes
32
central Africa
411
415
423
456
Chanana, Dev Raj
38
39
40
41
Charter Act
348
349
443
444
chattel slavery
3
5
8
10
18
51
93
124
280
312
320
327
398
438
448
458
459
465
470
479
481
488
491
505
Chatterjee, Indrani
444
445
Chau Ju-kua
250
252
Chaudhuri, K.D.
248
Children sold into slavery
31
32
33
35
46
48
52
66
68
71
75
86
155
185
189
198
283
285
336
350
351
373
439
440
442
459
China
9
10
14
20
30
42
82
85
104
202
205
215
245
250
252
261
262
269
276
284
303
338
Chole Island
420
424
Chou K’u-feȉ
252
280
Christianity
26
61
65
91
278
Chu-fan-chi
250
civil law
59
Clapperton, Hugh
324
325
Clarence-Smith, William G., 365, 367, 368, 488n74
Clarkson, Thomas
309
314
315
341
colonialism
6
26
419
480
colonization
51
52
73
76
commercial diaspora
249
258
272
common law
59
309
Companions, the
95
118
127
130
138
143
156
159
160
165
192
193
197
296
474
475
475
482
487
490
494
506
concubinage
4
157
241
245
294
302
Constantine
26
contract workers
17
Cooper, Frederick
262
Cosmas Indicopleutes
82
cotton
249
268
298
302
338
352
378
391
399
467
Coupland, Reginald
344
426
Crabites, Pierre
410
Crone, Patricia
12
27
60
61
Curtis, George William
280
Cyrus
46
Dabiq
4
473
477
486
Daʾesh
472. See also ISIS; Islamic State
Dakake, Maria Massi
127
128
137
Dale, Stephen
248
Damascus
14
28
30
63
92
108
172
174
182
185
194
195
197
201
212
216
245
246
256
271
379
Dandamaev, Muhammad
25
32
34
36
46
47
Darius I
46
Darius III
34
80
dasas
38
Davis, David Brion
8
311
death penalty
32
debt-bondage system
36
51
86
155
327
439
40
440
444
debt/debt slavery
32
33
38
71
329
440
decline thesis (Eric Williams)
313
347
Della Vida, Levi
166
devil slaves
251
dhow
254
257
268
271
275
301
350
360
364
402
423
Dhu ‘l-Qarnayn
101
Din Aybak, Qutb al-
279
Din, Muʿizz al-
279
diplomacy
16
17
377
413
diversity (pluralism)
15
87
113
116
118
122
139
144
211
215
254
255
287
327
416
domestic servitude
239
284
286
294
Donner, Fred M.
112
129
160
171
172
173
174
175
177
8
179
180
Douglass, Frederick
516
Drescher, Seymour
21
311
Dunstan, William C.
42
Dworkin, Ronald
144
480
East Africa
12
29
79
81
82
93
202
206
250
252
255
258
261
267
268
270
272
274
284
301
329
349
354
355
358
360
379
402
419
423
425
439
442
445
456
457
East India Company
37
265
333
334
337
339
342
346
347
349
350
352
358
409
440
441
447
Eastern Roman empire
26
Egalitarianism, Islamic
105
113
132
133
145
147
149
193
450
454
Egypt
17
20
29
37
39
42
45
52
58
71
72
74
79
81
82
92
109
128
164
173
174
181
194
195, 200–202, 206–216, 218–221, 228, 229, 232, 233, 235–237, 239–242, 245, 248, 250, 256, 260, 267, 272, 279, 281, 284, 285, 292, 293, 297, 298, 302, 307, 315–317, 323, 333, 350, 366, 367, 371, 385–387, 390–393, 397, 399, 400–407, 409, 410, 413–419, 443, 452, 455, 459, 474, 499
elite slavery
10
14
206
207
214
215
242
Ellenborough, Edward Law, Lord
283
284
335
346
347
419
emancipation of slaves
2
28
47
54
59
61
65
76
90
95
96
123
130
131
132
135
136
137
143
153
4
156
157
163
168
168
169
193
291
320
331
2
374
384
387
396
398
405
406
445
447
448
458
488
489
490
493
494
500
505
514
Enlightenment
6
7
234
249
318
419
480
481
485
511
519
Ennaji, Mohammed
294
296
Equality, Qurʾanic assertions of
91
92
97
116
121
122
Erdem, Y. Hakam
11
Ethiopia
10
69
82
198
199
212
214
287
289
290
300
304
305
388
394
443
452
487
488
509
ethnicity
57
91
97
167
213
262
377
450
eunuchs
10
68
69
82
83
198
199
207
241
245
211
250
287
288
289
303
306
Euphrates River
30
444
177
180
197
202
203
Eurasia
9
19
29
Eurasian slave trading
12
276
280
Europe
8
58
85
92
173
177
236
240
252
270
273
276
282
283
303
306
312
314
318
323
332
384
410
437
457
480
483
485
509
evangelicals
309
332
Fadel, Mohammad
463
478
farmān/firman
338
Farsi, Salman al-
96
117
fatāwa
75
324
Fatimid Caliphs
209
212
214
214
215
219
227
fatwa
365
366
385
454
fayʾ
141
Finley, Moses
8
21
25
32
fiqh
125
127
147
152
153
155
156
185
190
235
364
365
389
499
511
512
fī al-riqāb
134
Floor, Willem
331
forced labor
36
42
50
66
70
351
455
456
460
486
491
499
forced labour convention of 1930
456
free-born, the
52
59
325
331
Frere, Bartle
402
404
428
430
435
437
fugitive slaves
32
46
188
361
386
Fustat
182
208
213
215
217
Futa Jallon Caliphate
321
Futa Toro Caliphate
321
Gaius
58
gangs
300
302
gender
7
16
54
200
214
307
444
482
ghanīma (“booty,” “spoils”)
141
165
166
364
Ghaznavids, the
236
277
278
325
Ghoraba, H.
139
ghulam
15
146
200
201
205
209
220
221
223
224
5
229
236
241
277
8
286
286
288
289
91
Ghurid period
279
Gleave, R.
141
globalization
11
78
249
Godinho, Manuel
257
Grant, Ulysses S.
280
Great Britain
14
308
341
353
358
404
Gordon, Charles
402
410
413
Greco-Roman world
21
26
Greece
25
26
28
29
50
51
53
94
170
215
289
290
303
311
Greenidge, C.W.W.
138
139
Grey, Charles
310
337
334
342
343
345
Hajj
114
195
258
273
380
412
430
453
Hallaq, Wael B.
2
13
149
166
Hamas
470
Hammurabi
32
Hammurabic Code
32
33
36
48
157
158
Hanafi School of Law
125
152
Hanbali School of Law
152
154
167
319
Hansard
342
346
Harappa
20
37
harratin
447
449
Harith, Juwayriyya bint al-
122
123
142
Harris, Joseph E.
81
Hastings, Warren
340
351
Hathaway, Jane
221
Hatshepsut
43
79
419
431
Haykal, Muhammad Husayn
170
Haykel, Bernard
467
484
Hebrew Bible
27
30
42
48
69
70
72
73. See also Torah
Hebrew law
20
27
28
Hebrew slavery
33
69
73
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich
221
Helots
9
34
Hezser, Catherine
71
Hijaz, the
94
174
176
178
180
182
229
259
260
397
452
454
457
468
Hindu slavery
40
41
Hiskett, Mervyn
324
Hodgson, Marshall G.S.
8
20
96
128
161
192
197
198
Homer
50
homicide
35
46
65
124
125
135
146
493
Hopkins, Keith
55
60
Hopper, Matthew S.
10
275
287
301
Hormuz
93
248
255
256
258
262
269
352
372
Horn of Africa
74
458
Hourani, George Fadlo
81
82
83
84
93
202
253
human rights initiatives
6
human trafficking
4
5
336
445
459
463
485
486
504
505
509
515
Human Rights Watch
473
Hunwick, John
285
ḥurriyya
155
493
Huyayy, Safiyya bint
122
123
142
Ibadis
152
155
185
269
270
364
402
403
425
428
429
430
437
Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab, Muhammad
319
Ibn Anas, Malik
103
152
185
189
Ibn Anas, Musa
169
Ibn al-ʿAs, ʿAmr
182
Ibn Battuta
258
261
Ibn al-Walīd, Khālid
162
179
180
Ibn Fuhayrah, Amr
96
Ibn Harithah, Zayd
90
96
Ibn Juzayy
322
323
Ibn Khaldun
192
219
221
229
230
419
Ibn Khordadhbih
83
Ibn Sahl al-Tustari, Abu Saʿd Ibrahim
217
Ibn Saʿud, Muhammad
260
320
453
455
Ibn Tulun, Ahmad
206
209
211
213
216
217
227
288
Ibn Yunus, Rabiʾ
200
Idrisi
252
260
ijmāʿ
418
501
503
510
Ikhshid, Muhammad al-
212
213
217
242
imperialism/imperialists
8
9
15 60
78
116
159
162
164
245
316
318
333
335
410
483
506
507
India
16
17
29
38
48
76
77
79
83
85
92
94
192
194
198
200
202
205
229
232
250
252
255
257
260
262
265
268
270
271
274
276
278
279
281
283
284
293
302
303
312
314
317
327
334
363
366
368
371
375
378
382
383
419
424
425
427
432
439
441
443
446
451
452
455
457
462
472
489
510
“India Exemption”
344
346
338
439
442
Indian Ocean
11
14
16
28
29
30
37
63
68
74
77
85
92
192
195
200
202
205
206
245
248
255
261
262
265
269
271
272
277
293
302
307
312
314
316
333
341
342
352
356
358
360
364
365
370
402
425
Indian Ocean world
9
11
14
19
20
77
192
193
200
202
257
265
273
276
277
284
302
308
316
320
370
424
440
445
447
455
458
Indus Valley
20
37
451
and Mesopotamia
37
41
Inequality, Qurʾanic views of
99
102
104
115
116
122
Inglis, Robert
347
International Humanitarian Law
465
467
480
505
511
International Labor Organization
456
Iran
21
28
29
42
47
73
80
84
181
195
222
248
274
317
327
332
334
335
338
339
365
371
378
382
387
453
459. See also Persia; Qajar Ira
Iraq
3
15
28
31
46
62
3
108
146
152
159
163
164
174
177
181
185
186
290
292
294
197
202
208
209
211
221
236
248
255
256
260
273
276
279
300
311
327
329
334
334
372
379
385
464
466
470
471
480
485
495
499
503
Irwin, Robert
221
ISIS
3
3
4
5
72
143
464
485
486
492
503
504
505
511. See also
Da’esh; Islamic State
Islamic Jurisprudence
2
18
23
152
318
322
323
418
449
468
478
482
484
499
501
505
510
513
513
Islamic religion
20
27
130
160
188
314
412
445
Islamic State
3
18
95
110
115
145
146
159
174
161
189
248
322
465
467
470
476
477
483
484
499
601
503
504
509
511
515. See also Da’esh; ISIS
Ismaʿil (Khedive)
17
317
371
394
397
406
412
414
415
419
431
438
441
452
Israelites
26
27
42
70
72
Italy
26
55
58
60
Al-Jabarti
234
235
Jainism
39
jallaba
390
jallaba al-abīd
390
Janissary Corps
331
Jerusalem
26
46
92
172
173
195
215
226
228
291
409
438
jettisoning
363
364
jihad
2
140
144
146
194
199
226
289
320
326
383
449
469
470
474
476
484
491
499
503
506
515
Jizya tax
170
174
176
180
323
Jordan
17
63
83
228
280
460
461
Justinian I
26
Justinian law code
75
Kabir, ʿAli Bey al-
236
239
241
Kadish, Gerald E.
52
Kafur al-Ikhshid
207
212
214
216
242
Kamali, Mohammad
2
104
105
116
117
118
488
495
497
499
Kassite (Hittite) civilization
32
Kazaruni, Muhammad Ibrahim
275
Kedie, Nikki
381
Kennedy, Hugh
67
172
199
201
206
296
297
Khalilieh, Hassan S.
366
369
Khan, Sayyid Ahmed
366
kharaj tax
176
Khedive, Ismaʿil. See Ismaʿil (Khedive)
kidnapping
72
5
241
273
290
350
351
375
437
453
469
471
Kipchaks
292
Kirk, John Sir
256
257
8
361
2
428
430
435
438
Kuhrt, Amelie
31
K’un-lun slaves
251
252
Kuwait
273
275
461
462
Lane, Edward William
285
287
Lapidus, Ira
326
Layth ibn Saʿd
185
189
law of nations
59
law reform
7
League of Nations Slavery Convention
4
456
Lebanon
228
Lecky, W.E.H.
311
312
Leo VI
66
Levanoni, Amalia
221
Levant, the
28
64
82
248
315
333
459
465
Livingstone, David
270
367
411
423
London Committee, the
309
310
314
Lovejoy, Paul E.
322
324
325
loyalty
62
192
197
200
201
220
221
223
224
236
240
242
249
288
291
309
457
Lukonin, Vladimir
36
46
49
Lyne, Robert Nunez
423
Madison, James
481
Major, Andrea
348
malaka
129
Malik Ambar
231
232
Maliki School of Law
152
mā malakat aymānukum
1
7
13
128
134
140
143
150
157
168
194
294
295
306
323
491
Mamluk dynasties
44
227
8
Mamluk/Ghulam Phenomenon
10
14
15
62
156
203
205
219
245
287
290
331
mamluks
15
47
49
192
214
219
221
226
233
235
242
287
293
305
al-Manār
139
383
Al-Mansur
197
199
216
411
manumission
37
41
50
69
71
224
225
233
355
356
416
418
432
443
453
455
459
494
maqāṣid
511
Al-Maqrizi
186
188
189
Maritime Islamic law governing cargoes of slaves
363
365
Marmon, Shaun
156
221
285
Martin, Esmond Bradley
271
Martinez, Jenny S.
507
Marzotti, Mark
205
maṣlaḥa (public interest)
14
511
515
master-slave relationships
23
124
224
244
Mauritania
446
448
449
Mauritius
77
250
266
268
302
338
342
355
431
441
456
mawālī
62
109
110
195
196
224
225
305
mawlā
47
62
200
290
Mayers, F.W.
252
McCoan, J.C.
391
405
Mecca
13
86
88
91
92
97
108
114
117
119
137
141
146
160
164
182
185
195
200
214
229
254
258
271
273
367
388
412
430
432
453
457
Medina
9
45
107
112
117
141
146
152
159
160
163
169
70
178
181
182
194
195
200
214
225
279
457
476
477
Mediterranean Sea
9
28
Mendelsohn, Isaac
32
34
Mesopotamia
12
20
29
36
42
45
49
70
74
80
81
82
92
93
164
173
177
178
186
188
194
205
284
303
and the Indus Valley
37
41
Middle East
12
16
18
20
88
96
146
`56
203
262
276
280
284
314
315
326
328
441
571
375
379
381
396
41
431
457
459
461
463
480
483
488
504
506
509
Middle Kingdom
43
45
Miers, Suzanne
301
444
445
452
453
457
military and naval slaves
14
22
286
299
Mirza Agha Khan Nuri
381
Mirzai, Behnaz
330
354
374
377
383
386
modern-day slavery
4
17
18
459
Mohenjo-Daro
20
28
monotheism
91
160
164
219
495
Moresby Line
356
424
Moresby Treaty
355
356
Morocco
263
Moses
42
72
101
493
499
Mosque of ibn Tulun
209
210
Motzki, Harald
12
Mughul empire
317
Muhājiruun, the
160
Muhammad ʿAli
240
241
243
390
392
393
309
Muhammad Shah Qajar
17
Muhammed Yusuf
468
mukātāba
168
Mulk, Nizam al-
236
Muslim slavery
60
182
183
193
Muslim world
2
10
15
19
29
78
97
99
156
162
163
205
217
218
221
276
277
284
285
288
300
302
307
308
318
319
328
332
381
387
418
446
455
458
463
464
471
479
482
483
486
490
511
515
Mutahhari, Ayatullah Murtaza
139
485
487
495
496
500
Mutanabbi, al-
212
213
Muʿtasim
221
223
227
Mutawa
428
9
437
muwaḥḥidūn
319
Nabataeans
12
29
63
65
Nachtigal, Gustav
411
Nagel, Thomas
515
An-Na’im, ʿAbdullahi Ahmed
492
Narada
41
natural law
65
naval surveillance
116
452
Neo-Babylonian civilization
32
42
49
New Kingdom
43
45
264
Nicholas V
264
Nicholls, C.S.
268
Nigeria
3
4
432
47
464
465
468
472
385
489
Northeastern China
29
Nubians
43
128
168
183
185
186
190
192
193
205
208
377
Numari, ʿUmar Shibli
166
Odyssey (Homer)
50
O’Fahey, R.S.
411
Old Kingdom
43
Omanis
252
267
272
355
384
423
Ottoman empire
248
327
330
332
483
Ottoman Turks
235
Ownership, concept of
23
25
34
35
56
65
71
127
129
141
149
217
320
326
328
330
336
352
363
417
446
448
451
452
458
501
Palestine
28
46
164
172
182
191
208
212
228
327
470
503
Palmerston, John Henry Temple, Viscount
310
Palmyra
26
Parfit, Derek
114
133
Parthians
74
189
197
paterfamilias
61
Patterson, Orlando
23
24
34
70
239
pax Islamica
14
261
Pearson, M.N.
80
Pelly, Lewis
258
Peloponnesian War
52
Pelly, Lewis
258
Periplus of the Erythrean Sea
79
80
81
250
451
Persia
17
20
Persian empire
46
179
Persian Gulf
14
16
17
29
30
37
39
63
68
74
77
79
83
9
177
181
192
194
197
202
203
205
245
248
250
252
255
261
262
264
267
268
273
276
300
301
320
340
345
352
354
356
360
369
372
377
378
372
383
392
396
402
424
427
439
440
445
452
457
462
468
490
Philippines, the
17
265
326
439
461
462
430
Philomel, HMS
360
363
pietistic egalitarianism
105
113
132
133
145
147
149
193
450
454
P’ing-chou-k’o-t’an
250
251
Pipes, Daniel
286
piracy
50
53
56
68
75
180
274
310
356
383
424
464
369
508
Pires, Gomes
264
plantation slavery
300
302
Plato
54
Pliny the Elder
75
plural imperialisms
14
245
283
334
456
pluralism (diversity)
113
116
207
211
218
232
481
482
502
Popper, Karl
56
Portuguese, the
255
263
265
268
289
315
326
339
341
442
456
post-Enlightenment concepts
6
Powell, Avril
268
power
23
242
56
61
62
94
102
107
108
128
175
192
197
199
206
208
212
214
215
220
225
227
230
237
241
245
270
272
276
277
279
287
289
291
293
303
308
311
317
318
326
328
329
337
340
348
349
360
365
376
381
387
400
405
406
410
412
413
415
427
341
434
436
443
451
453
454
458
480
483
495
497
510
predial slavery
44
350
pre-Islamic Arabia
29
129
pre-Islamic Middle East
12
20
87
pre-Islamic poetry
1
129
pre-Islamic slave trade
77
84
prioritarianism
133
140
145
prisoners of war
24
31
34
36
38
43
45
68
72
75
76
136
137
140
148
156
168
175
367
497
498
503
507
508
513
Prophet Muhammad
1
2
13
14
30
41
60
66
68
73
74
95
96
98
99
101
102
104
105
107
109
114
116
118
123
127
129
136
138
146
152
156
167
172
173
175
182
183
192
193
195
197
234
241
243
260
270
286
290
296
304
319
320
323
334
368
379
380
396
427
463
468
474
477
487
489
492
494
495
497
501
504
506
513
prostitutes
48
390
Punt
20
43
Qajars/Qajar Dynasty
379
382
Qajar Iran
328
330
432
489. See also Ira
Qatar
63
273
461
462
qiṣaṣ
125
Quakers
309
332
Quraish
88
90
92
93
191
103
108
109
118
161
195
Quranic warrant for discrimination
115
176
Qurʾan
1
7
13
20
56
61
70
73
88
94
96
159
165
166
168
170
174
177
179
181
193
214
220
226
235
241
243
294
295
319
320
323
367
368
447
450
451
457
474
476
483
487
513
Qurʾanic conception of slavery
14
122
159
Qutb, Sayyid
138
496
497
Rashid, Harun al-
73
198
296
racial discrimination
57
95
110
464
508
Rādhāniyya, al-
83
Rahman, Fazlur
105
Ramses IX
43
raqaba
134
139
Rawls, John
418
Raz, Joseph
481
515
Red Sea
14
29
31
63
74
77
79
80
82
83
92
93
191
221
245
238
249
250
254
259
262
264
265
271
275
320
359
392
402
407
414
415
425
451
453
457
458
459
Reid, Anthony
6
326
328
Republic, The
55
Rida, Muhammad Rashid
139
483
ridda wars
162
163
Right Hand, importance of
130
Rightly Guided Caliphs
108
150
167
171
173
195
197
Rigveda
38
riots
389
Risāla
151
Roman slavery
26
33
58
60
169
Rome
26
28
29
49
58
69
94
177
256
284
303
315
Rosenthal, Franz
493
Rotman, Youval
65
67
75
Rumi, Suhayb al-
117
Rumiyah
479
Rusum Dar al-Khilafa
304
Rutter, Eldon
139
Ryan, T.C.I.
271
Sabiʾ, Hilal al-
304
305
salafism
428
480
483
484
492
506
508
509
510
513
515
Safarnama
256
Safavid empire
248
274
328
329
338
380
Saʿid the Great (Syed Saʿid bin Sultan)
270
355
358
365
392
394
397
400
424
427
Saladin
214
215
Samarqandi, Abd al-Razzaq
256
Samarra
207
208
216
223
227
Sareen, T.R.
349
350
Sasanian empire
73
77
80
15
Saudi Arabia
17
69
458
359
462
514
sawād
30
169
177
179
Schacht, Joseph
3
12
125
148
149
Schacht’s Thesis
149
488
Seddon, David
446
self-sale
36
45
47
65
68
85
155
serfdom
44
Shafiʿi, Muhammad ibn Idris al-
151
Shafiʿi School of Law
131
152
502
Shah, Fath ʿAli
329
Shah, Muhammad Qajar
17
380
382
Shah, Nasir Muhammad al-Din
17
360
394
386
Shajarat al-Durr
292
Sharīʿa
4
4
4
5
5
6
7
9
10
12
97
105
151
152
155
156
158
355
464
474
478
480
482
486
487
489
491
493
510
511
Sharp, Granville
309
310
Shehu dan Fodio
322
323
Shekau, Abubakar
468
Sheriff, Abdul
10
271
427
436
Shiʿa
109
139
144
146
152
365
Shuʿūbiyya controversy
110
116
Siqilli, Jawhar al-
216
217
Silk Road
12
14
21
29
30
37
63
74
77
85
194
205
222
245
246
341
372
Eurasian
276
280
slave dynasties
289
291
337
slave law
28
86
slave markets
3
1
50
53
75
166
201
223
273
277
279
329
353
354
388
392
399
403
407
446
slave revolts
46
204
205
392
440
slave soldiers
81
200
201
203
207
215
218
227
229
246
274
277
280
287
288
292
316
335
slavery
Abu Bakr and
162
63
in ancient Egypt
42
45
Mesopotamian
30
37
in ancient India
37
41
in ancient Israel
69
73
in Archaemenid period
47
48
in Babylonia
31
37
Neo-Babylonian
45
49
In ancient Greece
49
57
In early Rome
58
63
Later Roman and Byzantine
65
69
archeology of
21
definition of
21
of Muslims
156
157
in Mughal and British India
334
354
and early Islamic conquests
171
194
education about
18
19
historiography of
11
Islamic law of
16
87
147
158
In Indian Ocean world
249
258
In Qajar Iran
328
330
Ottoman
330
332
In early modern Egypt
387
393
In East Africa
419
424
Origins of
23
26
in Qurʾan
122
139
492
505
sultanic
302
306
in Sunnah
490
492
501
ʿUmar ibn al-Khattab and
166
171
Slavery Abolition Act
316
344
345
248
351
439
440
443
Smritis
41
Society for the Purpose of Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade (the London Committee)
309
310
314
Sokoto Caliphate
321
324
469
Solon
51
53
Somalia
17
81
250
259
260
273
353
415
437
451
452
459
470
Somerset v. Stewart
309
South China Sea
14
Southeast Asia
17
29
93
205
248
250
254
261
265
266
273
315
326
328
332
333
338
341
358
378
439
451
456
457
460
462
489
509
510
stealing
32
513
Stowe, Harriet Beecher
18
463
Strabo
79
succession
92
108
171
283
427
Sudan
17
29
42
191
192
205
216
240
250
259
267
272
273
275
281
285
292
277
384
394
397
402
406
407
410
416
447
451
452
ṣulḥ
185
190
Sumer
20
31
32
34
36
177
178
277
308
Sunan Abi Dawud
1
Sunnah
98
150
151
Sunnaic conception of slavery
14
Sunni- Shiʿa divide
488
Sūrat al-Balad
137
139
504
Sūrat al-Baqara
111
Sūrat al-Ḥujurāt
107
Sūrat Āl ʿImrān
111
112
Sūrat al-Kahf
99
102
104
106
118
120
123
132
Sūrat Muhammad
148
Sūrat al-Naḥl
119
127
148
Sūrat al-Nisāʾ
112
139
Sūrat al-Rūm
113
120
Syria
3
18
30
32
36
45
46
61
90
92
93
108
159
163
164
168
171
182
186
188
190
191
194
202
205
207
212
214
228
229
242
245
280
292
294
303
327
352
458
460
464
466
470
485
499
503
ṭalāq
154
Tanzimat, the
394
395
taqwa
101
102
104
113
115
116
145
tawḥīd (also spelled tawheed)
495
Temperly, Howard
443
temple slaves
33
35
48
49
75
Theophrastes
81
“those whom your right hands possess”
1
6
7
13
129
128
131
134
143
150
151
289
294
323
420
451
452
499
Thutmose III
45
Thomas, Bertram
139
Tigris River
30
46
92
177
197
202
203
207
Tipitaka
40
41
Toledano, Ehud R.
221
331
Torah
27
146
477. See also Hebrew Bible
torodbe
321
transatlantic slave trade
11
16
28
308
310
322
324
trans-Saharan slave-trading routes
408
Treaty of Jidda
454
Treaty of Turkmanchay
382
Tunisia
212
292
333
365
384
395
396
514
Turkey
30
300
374
404
471
489
Turks
202
206
222
223
226
227
236
258
261
280
292
393
UK (British) Parliament
1
265
309
310
315
316
333
340
342
343
345
347
398
441
443
456
ʿulamāʾ
208
226
233
234
5
261
269
70
293
317
330
332
365
366
69
381
383
385
387
394
425
426
429
449
ʿUmar al-Faruq
166
Umayyad Caliphate
108
110
181
201
379
umm al-walad
76
157
158
169
244
ʿUmar ibn al-Khattab
127
128
159
161
500
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
18
463
United Arab Emirates
461
Ur
31
Uruk
35
37
46
49
ʿUthman ibn ʿAffan
159
170
ʿUthman dan Fodio
321
324
value monism
480
482
value pluralism
481
482
“Venture of Islam”
8
159
205
Versteeg, Russ
45
violence
24
55
298
326
372
434
461
462
Vlastos, Gregory
57
wage labor
38
44
665
312
457
459
Wahhabi Arabia
319
320
323
332
356
428
455
wakāla
388
389
walāʾ
61
62
224
226
244
wāliya
47
62
Wallace, D. MacKenzie
298
299
Walz, Terence
390
war captives
42
67
128
140
142
144
145
155
156
163
166
175
176
323
367
464
468
470
475
476
Weber, Max
52
60
Weiss, Bernard
502
Wellington, Arthur (Duke of)
346
333
345
348
366
440
442
Wheeler, R.M.
39
Wilkinson, J.C.
364
Williams, Eric
317
347
Wilson, John R.
43
Wink, André
12
76
80
200
221
279
291
Yaʿqubi
202
yasirjiyya
390
Yemen
260
Yezidi, the
3
471
472
474
476
509
Yusuf, Mohammed
468
Zakat
135
136
154
162
Zamakhshari
107
123
Zanj
80
181
200
204
208
300
Zanzibar
17
157
246
250
252
255
256
257
268
272
273
274
280
281
282
283
301
301
307
317
353
355
357
358
359
361
362
365
366
370
371
378
384
385
386
396
402
403
419
438
489
Zeila
259
260
262
Zoroastrianism
76
178
Zubayr Pasha
411
412
Zysow, A.
141