Index
abako (Alliance des Bakongo)
262 –263
Abbenhuis, Maartje
5 –6
Abbeville
180 –181 218
Abkhazia
295
acs (Association of Caribbean States)
284
activism/activists
.
See
language question
Adamthwaite, Anthony
132n14
,
173
Adenauer, Konrad
260 –261
Adler, Les K.
155n96
Aerts, Koen
357
,
359
Afghanistan
266
,
319
,
328 –329
Agius, Christine
321n238
,
340 –341
Albania
79
,
80n89
,
148
,
261
,
291
,
362
Albert Canal
.
See
Belgium
Albert de Ligne, Prince
60n38
Albert i (King of the Belgians)
xi
,
29n42
,
45 –46 48 –49n10 51n12
,
53
,
53 –54n20 54
,
56
,
56n28
,
57
,
62n48
,
63
,
63n51
,
105n148
,
107n160
,
113
,
113n180
,
114
,
180
Albert, Prince (future King Albert ii of the Belgians)
208
Alexander (King of Yugoslavia)
66
Alexander, Martin S.
52 –53n15 94n128
,
117n193
,
118
Algemeene Bankvereeniging
70
Algemeene SS Vlaanderen
218
Algeria
197
,
262
,
302
,
316
alliances
.
See
International Relations
Alsace and Lorraine
197
,
232
American Civil War
23 –24 24n25
Amery, L. S.
212n38
Anderson, John
232n96
Andorra
272
,
288
,
288n65
,
292n82
,
362
Anglo-French Alliance Treaty, March 1947
,
250
Anglo-French One-Way Treaty of Guarantee, April 1937
117
,
119
,
122
,
126 –128 128n2
,
133
,
144
,
162
,
348
Anglo-French Union
196 –197 197n2
Anglo-German Declaration of 30 September 1938
137
,
137n31
Anglo-German Naval Accord, June 1935
77 –78 78n84
,
137
,
148
Anglo-Irish Treaty, 1921
307
Angola
43
,
316
,
362
Annan, Kofi
294
Anschluss
134
,
303
Anseele, Edward
49
Anti-Comintern Pact
133
anti-communism
77n80
,
98 –99 130n8
,
133
,
137 –138n33 149n73
,
150n77
,
155 –156 204
,
216
,
217n47
,
221
,
257 –258 308
,
342
Antigua and Barbuda
272
,
284 –285 362
antimilitarism
16
,
16n4
,
30
anti-Semitism
77n80
,
225 –226 233 –235 234 –235n101 333 –334
Antwerp, city of
16n2
,
48
,
95
,
219n51
,
234
,
239
,
257
,
271
Antwerp-Namur Line
144
,
163
,
163n117
,
169
,
175
,
180
Antwerp redoubt
.
See
fortifications
appeasement
78
,
90
,
123
,
123n211
,
126
,
130n8
,
139
,
139n38
,
140 –141 194
Archer, Clive
279
,
317 –319
Archives of the Royal Palace
.
See
Belgium
Ardennes
.
See
Belgium
Armenia
294
,
295n91
,
296n98
,
298
,
362
Art, Robert J.
350
asean (Association of Southeast Asian Nations)
281 –282 290
AS/GL (Armée Secrète/Geheim Leger)
237
Astrid (Queen of the Belgians)
114
,
114n184
,
230
Atlantic alliance
.
See
see nato
Atlantic Charter
212
,
212n38
,
213
,
351
atrocities/anti-atrocities campaign
.
See
Congo
Attlee, Clement
172n138
AU (African Union)
290
,
315n207
Auschwitz
234
,
234 –235n101
Australia
213n40
,
270n202
,
362
Austria/Austria-Hungary
11
,
18
,
21n19
,
22
,
24
,
30
,
79
,
80n89
,
135 –136 199n6
,
241
,
270n202
,
275
,
287
,
292n82
,
301 –304 304n143
,
305n148
,
305 –307 330 –331 335 –336 339 –341 362
Austrian neutrality
.
See
neutrality
Austrian State Treaty, 1955
275
,
303
Austro-Prussian War, 1866
23 –24 26n33
,
29n42
authoritarian regimes (AR)
.
See
Democracy Index
Auwers, Michael, xi
16n4
,
47 –48n9
awacs (Airborne Warning and Control System)
304
Axis Powers
203
,
213
,
333
Azerbaijan
294
,
295n91
,
296n98
,
298
,
362
Azores
204
Baehr, Peter R.
277
Baels, Henri
230
Baels, Lilian (Princess of Réthy)
230
,
230n88
Bahamas, The
272
,
284
,
362
Bahrain
302n132
,
362
Bailes, Alyson J. K.
279
Balace, Francis
23n24
,
174n143
balancing/balance of power
.
See
International Relations
Baldachino, Godfrey
336
Baldwin, Stanley
68
,
78
,
80
,
80n90
,
123
Balkans, The
30
,
149n71
,
211
,
290 –292
Balthazar, Arthur
189 –190n184 207n28
Baltic States/Area
149
,
149n73
,
150
,
275 –276 297 –300 300n121
,
321
,
326
,
349 –351 351n9
bandwagoning
.
See
International Relations
Bangladesh
314n203
Banning, Émile
21n21
,
30
Banque Belge du Travail/Belgische Bank van de Arbeid
70
Barbados
272
,
284
,
362
Bargen, Werner von
234 –235n101
Bargeton, Paul
135
Barthou, Louis
64 –66 67n59
,
69
,
76
Basque Region
129
Basyn, Jacques-Antoine
243 –244n121
Battle of Britain
203
,
211
Baudouin/Boudewijn (Prince, King of the Belgians)
208
,
252 –253 253n154
,
255 –256 256n160
,
262 –264
bck (Compagnie du Chemin de Fer du Bas-Congo au Katanga)
145
Bech, Joseph
204
Bêchet, Christophe
26 –27n35
Beck, Józef
88n112
,
148
,
151
Beernaert, Auguste
30
Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony
211n36
bef (British Expeditionary Force)
178n151
Belarus
294
,
295n91
,
296n98
,
298
,
362
,
366na
Belgian army mobilisations
138
,
138n35
,
157n102
,
160n108
,
168
,
174
,
178
Belgian army, unilingual units
.
See
language question
Belgian Congo
.
See
Congo
Belgian Constitution of 1831
.
See
Belgium
Belgian economy/finances
.
See
Belgium
Belgian elections
.
See
Belgium
Belgian Foreign Ministry
.
See
Belgium
Belgian-German Non-Aggression Pact, 1937
66
,
120
,
120n203
,
121
,
124 –126 128
,
128n2
,
177
,
348
Belgian government-in-exile (London)
34
,
190 –191n185 203 –207 207n28
,
209
,
229 –230 232 –233 237
,
240
Belgian National Archives
.
See
Belgium
Belgian National Bank
.
See
Belgium
Belgian national sentiment
.
See
Belgium
Belgian neutrality
.
See
neutrality
Belgian rearmament
.
See
rearmament
Belgian Relief Commission
39
,
42
,
207
Belgian war aims
.
See
see World War i
Belgium
5 –7 7n16
,
9 –11 17 –18 22 –23 25 –26 28
,
30 –35 35n59
,
37 –38 38n74
,
39 –40 42
,
45
,
45n4
,
46 –47n7 47 –48n9 52
,
54 –55 57
,
59
,
61
,
63 –64 67
,
67n59–n60
,
68
,
72n70
,
74
,
78
,
81
,
83
,
84n103
,
85
,
86n106
,
87
,
87n107
,
89
,
91 –93 95
,
95n130
,
96 –97 100 –101 101n138
,
103n142
,
104
,
104n145
,
104n146
,
105
,
105n148
,
106 –109 109n163
,
111n169
,
113 –114 114 –115n187 115 –117 117n193
,
118 –120 120n200
,
121 –122 122n208
,
123 –129 129 –130n6 131 –132 135
,
135n23
,
136
,
136n26
,
138
,
138n35
,
144 –145 153
,
156
,
158 –159 161
,
161n111
,
162
,
162n112
,
163
,
165 –169 171 –172 172n139
,
174
,
175n146
,
176
,
176n147–n148
,
177 –179 179n153
,
180
,
183
,
183n168
,
184
,
184n169
,
186 –188 189 –190n184 209
,
209n30
,
210
,
210n33
,
211
,
211n35–n36
,
212n37
,
213
,
213n41
,
214 –217 219n51
,
223
,
225
,
225n69
,
226
,
227n75
,
228
,
230n88
,
231 –233 240
,
243 –245 247 –248 248n139–n140
,
249 –251 256 –257 257n165
,
258
,
258n169
,
259
,
261
,
265 –271 273 –274 276 –277 290
,
310 –312 313n196
,
314n203
,
315n207
,
316
,
330
,
336 –337 342 –343 347 –349 349n1
,
351 –354 357 –360 362
Albert Canal
48
,
69n65
,
94 –95 95n129
,
144
,
158
,
163
,
163n117
,
170
,
175
Archives of the Royal Palace
xi
Ardennes
154
,
172 –173n140 175
,
177
,
243
,
243n119
Constitution of 1831
111
Article 64
111
,
111n167
Article 68
113
,
192
Article 82
187
,
192
,
209n30
constitutional revisions
11
,
266
,
266n195
Eastern Cantons
44
,
44n3
,
248
,
357
Eupen
43
,
82n96
Malmédy
43
,
82n96
Sankt-Vith
43
economy/finances
51
,
58 –59 69 –74 102
,
134
,
134n22
,
146
,
146n54
,
147
,
222
elections
1929
49
,
97
1932
56n28
,
77
,
97 –98
1936
87
,
97 –99 104
1939
143
,
144n49
1946
245 –246
1949
253 –254
1950
255
,
255n159
Foreign Ministry
x
,
xiii
,
95
,
101 –102n140 110n165
,
112
,
132n13
,
164n118
,
169n128
military reforms
16
,
16n4
,
26 –27 41
,
52
,
55n25
,
62
,
87
,
95
,
95n130
,
106 –107 109 –110n164 110
,
116n190
,
117
,
121 –122 122n208
,
123n209
,
124
,
129
,
133
,
274
military service
48
,
48 –49n10 49
,
83
,
87
,
89
,
95
,
101
,
106 –107 109 –110n164 114 –115n187 121n206
,
122
,
122n208
,
129
,
257
,
276n5
,
342
National Archives
x
,
xin8
,
xiii
National Bank
68n62
,
71 –72 133
,
198
national sentiment
18
,
181
,
248
political parties
bsp (Belgische Socialistische Partij)
245 –246n130
bwp/pob (Belgian Workers’ Party/Belgische Werkliedenpartij/Parti Ouvrier Belge)
xii
,
11
,
47
,
47n8
,
49
,
51
,
53 –54n20 70
,
73n71
,
74
,
97
,
99 –101 105
,
110
,
121 –122 129 –130n6 130 –131 131n10
,
132
,
135
,
135n24
,
170
,
220
,
220 –221n54 352
,
358
Catholic Party (after October 1936: Parti Catholique Social/Katholieke Vlaamsche Volkspartij)
11
,
30
,
32
,
47n8
,
49 –50 56n28
,
68
,
70
,
70 –71n68 72
,
73n71
,
74
,
98 –101 110
,
122
,
129 –130n6 131
,
133n17
,
135n24
,
143 –144 170
,
243
,
245
,
245n126
,
253n153
cdh (Centre Democratique Humaniste)
245n126
,
269
CD&V (Christen Democratisch en Vlaams)
245n127
,
269 –270
Communist Party (Parti Communiste Belge/Kommunistische Partij van België)
56n28
,
97
,
122
,
131
,
143
,
150 –151n78 170
,
239
,
243
,
246
,
248n140
,
252
,
257
cvp (Christelijke Volkspartij)
245
,
245n127
,
255
DéFI (Démocrate Fédéraliste Indépendant)
245n128
Ecolo (French-speaking Green Party)
271
fdf (Front Démocratique des Francophones/Fédéralistes Démocrates Francophones)
245n128
,
265
Frontists (Frontpartij)
49 –50 98
,
133
Groen (Flemish Green Party)
271
Liberal Party
11
,
30
,
47n8
,
49
,
56n28
,
70
,
70 –71n68 73n71
,
74
,
99 –101 105
,
110
,
122
,
129 –130n6 135n24
,
143 –144 170 –171 245
mcc (Mouvement des Citoyens pour le Changement)
245n128
MR (Mouvement Réformateur)
245n128
,
268 –270
N-VA (Nieuw-Vlaamse Alliantie)
269 –271
Partij voor Vrijheid en Vooruitgang
245n129
,
255
Parti pour la Liberté et le Progrès
245n128
PP (Parti Populaire)
270
prl (Parti Réformateur Liberal)
245
PS (Parti Socialiste)
245
,
268 –269 271
psb (Parti Socialiste Belge)
243
,
245
,
245n126
,
245 –246n130 252
,
255
psc (Parti Social Chrétien)
245
,
245n126
,
255
ptb (Parti du Travail de Belgique – Workers’ Party of Belgium)
271
pvda (Partij van de Arbeid van België – Workers’ Party of Belgium)
271
Rexism/Rexists (Christus Rex)
51
,
97 –99 99n135
,
100
,
105
,
110
,
122
,
133n17
,
143
,
170
,
188
,
218
,
218n49
,
221
,
359
SP (Socialistische Partij)
245
,
245 –246n130 255
SP.A (Socialistische Partij Anders/Alternatief)
245 –246n130 269
udb (Union Démocratique Belge)
243 –244n121 246
VB (Vlaams Belang, former Vlaams Blok)
270 –271
vld (Vlaams Liberalen en Democraten, from 2007, Open vld)
245
,
245n129
,
268 –270
vnv (Vlaams Nationaal Verbond)
51
,
97 –98 122
,
143
,
170
,
218
,
358 –359
Belgium-Luxemburg Economic Union, 1921
46 –47 47 –48n9 71
,
342
Belgium’s return to neutrality, 1936–40
.
See
neutrality
Belgrave Square (London)
203
Belize
272
,
284
,
362
Belkin, Aaron
3
Bellefroid, Diane de
240n111
Benelux Countries
80n89
,
260
,
275
,
292n82
,
313
,
316
Benelux Customs’ and Cultural Union
205
,
240
,
240 –241n113 310
Beneš, Edvard
77n80
,
88n112
,
135 –136 139
Benin
362
Berchtesgaden
136
,
223
,
223n62
,
224
,
358
Bergsmann, Stefan
27n36
Berlin Act, 1885
33
,
39
,
40n77
Berlin Blockade
250
Berlin Wall
266
,
304
,
340
Best, Antony, et al.
148n70
,
150n78
,
151n79–n80
,
172n139
,
273n1
,
281n23
,
281n25
,
282n27
,
290 –291n77 293n84
,
328n272
,
352n10
Bevin, Ernest
172n138
,
250
Beyens, Eugène
96n131
,
127n1
bff (British Field Force)
178n151
,
180
,
190
Bhutan
362
Bildt, Carl
321
Binding
337 –338
Bingen, Franz
,
xii
Binion, Rudolph
113 –114 114n184
Bismarck, Otto von
29n42
,
30
,
30n44
Blake, Francis
158
Blitzkrieg
152
,
152n84
,
171
Bloch, Marc
173
Blondel, Jules
103n142
Blum, Léon
83
,
96 –97n132 103n142
,
115
,
122
,
129
,
130n8
,
132n14
Bock, Fedor von
177
,
182
,
185n172
Boerenbond
70
,
72
Bohemia and Moravia
141
Bolivia
362
Bolshevism/Bolsheviks
74
,
77
,
97 –98 212n37
,
226n72
,
227
,
348
,
352
Bond, Brian
119
,
158
,
163n117
,
175n145
,
178n151
,
182
,
185n172
,
190 –191n185
Borchgrave, Jacques de
131n10
Bordeaux
196
,
198n4
,
199
,
199n8
Borremans, Jean
246n131
Borchert, Heike
335
Bosnia and Herzegovina
291
,
305n148
,
314
,
335
,
362
,
367nb
Botswana
282
,
282 –283n30 362
Boulanger, Georges
30
Bovesse, Francis
56 –57n28 70 –71n68 73n71
,
188
,
218n49
Braithwaite, John
279 –280n17
Braun, Mats
300
Braurer, Curt
77n81
,
89n116
,
127 –128 128n2
Brauschitsch, Walthere von
182
Braveboy-Wagner, Jacqueline Anne
284 –285
Brazil
327
Brazza, Pierre Savorgnan de
34n56
Brazzaville
34n56
,
263
Breda
164
,
178
Breendonk, Fort
175
Brescianino, Clementina
82n96
,
86n105
Breton redoubt
196
Brialmont, Henri-Alexis
30
Bridge, F. Roy
330
Britain
.
See
United Kingdom
British Defence White Paper, 1935
75
British rearmament
.
See
rearmament
Broqueville, Charles de
49
,
56
,
56n28
,
61n44
,
62
,
62n48
,
63 –64 64n53
,
64n54
,
68 –69 114
,
133
Brook, Alan
185n172
Bruce, David K. E.
232
Brugère, Raymond
56n26
Bruges/Brugge
180 –181 264n191
Brunei
282
,
363
Brussels, city of/Region
50
,
72 –73 133
,
165
,
175
,
176n148
,
188 –189n182 208
,
218n50
,
219
,
219n51
,
226 –227 227n75
,
228 –229 234
,
241
,
246
,
254 –255 263
,
265 –266 268 –269 276
,
301
Brussels, University of
.
See
see ulb
bsp (Belgische Socialistische Partij)
.
See
Belgium: political parties
buck passing
.
See
International Relations
Bulgaria
250 –251n146 261
,
270n202
,
291
,
292n82
,
362
Bullen, Roger
330
Bülow-Schwante, Vicco von
138n36
,
177
,
177n149
Burkina Faso
363
Burma
.
See
Myanmar
Burundi
265
,
266 –267n196 316
,
363
Bus de Warnaffe, Charles du
70 –71n68 73n71
,
251n148
Bush, George W.
268
Buxton, G. Edward
231 –232
Buzan, Barry
7n16
bwp/pob (Belgian Workers’ Party/Belgische Werkliedenpartij/Parti Ouvrier Belge)
.
See
Belgium: political parties
Cabinda Enclave
43
Cabo Verde
316
,
363
Caddick-Adams, Peter
178n152
Cadogan, Alexander
200
Calvocoressi, Peter
340
Cambodia
282
,
363
Cameroon
363
Campbell, Ronald Hugh
65n57
Canada
213n40
,
248
,
250
,
314n203
,
315n207
,
327
,
346n345
Canal Line (Valenciennes to Gravelines)
182
Canaris, Wilhelm
159
Canary Islands
203
cap (Common Agricultural Policy)
313
,
338
Capelle, Robert
65n57
,
87n107
,
105n148
,
160n108
,
164n118
,
188
,
189 –190n184 208
,
209n30
,
223n62
,
225
,
228 –229
Caribbean Sea
272
,
273n1
,
284 –286 338
caricom (Caribbean Community)
284 –286 290
cariforum
286
Carley, Michael Jabara
150
,
150n77
Cartier de Marchienne, Émile de
111 –112
Carton, de Wiart, Edmund
191 –192n189
Caserne Dossin
234
casualties
.
See
see World War i and World War ii
Catalonia
129
Catholic Church
17
,
32n51
,
133n17
,
193
,
193n192
,
221
,
221n55
,
235
,
258n168
,
288n65
,
308
,
358
Catholic Party
.
See
Belgium: political parties
Cauvin, André
233
cci (Comité Central Industriel)
222
cdh (Centre Démocratique Humaniste)
.
See
Belgium: political parties
CD&V (Christen-Démocratische en Vlaams)
.
See
Belgium: political parties
Cecil, Lord Robert
139n37
ceges/soma (Centre d’Études et de Documentation Guerre et Société Contemporaine/Studie- en Documentatiecentrum Oorlog en Hedendaagse Maatschappij/Centre for Historical Research and Documentation on War and Contemporary Society)
xi
,
xin8
,
235
Central African Republic
363
Central and Eastern Europe
66
,
67n59
,
69
,
77
,
83 –84n100 88n112
,
92
,
95n130
,
122
,
126
,
139n38
,
148 –151 195
,
212n38
,
251
,
260; 298
,
300
,
313
,
351 –352
cepag (Commission d’étude des problems de l’après-guerre/Committee for the Study of Postwar Problems)
240
,
240n111
Cerruti, Vittorio
87
cfdp (Common Foreign and Defence Policy)
276 –277 339
cfl (Compagnie du Chemin de Fer du Congo Supérieur aux Grands Lacs Africains)
145
cfsp (Common Foreign and Security Policy)
275
,
305 –307 318
,
335
,
340
Chad
310
,
363
Chamberlain, Neville
123
,
136
,
136n27
,
137
,
137n32
,
141
,
148n67
,
149
,
151 –153 153n87
,
165
,
172n138
Charleroi
74
,
218n50
,
246
Charles, Noel
106
Charles, Paul
70 –71n68
Charles, Prince (Regent)
228n76
,
241
,
241n116
,
242
,
242n117
,
251n148
,
255
Charlotte of Belgium, Princess
24
Charlotte of Luxemburg, Grand Duchess
46
,
204 –205
Charmley, John
140n39
Chasseurs Ardennais, Les
174
Chastel de la Howarderie, Ferdinand du
120n204
Chevalier, Christophe
26n33
Chile
363
China (before 1949)
28 –29n41 213n40
China, People’s Republic of
251
,
282
,
282n27
,
344
,
344n342
,
344 –345n343 346n345
,
361n2–n3
Chong, Alan
283 –284
Christensen, Thomas
27n36
Churchill, Winston S.
139 –140 140n39–n40
,
141
,
149n73
,
159
,
168
,
171 –172n137 172n138
,
190 –191 190 –191n185 191n186
,
191 –192n189 193 –194n194 196 –197 197n2
,
200
,
211n36
,
212
,
212n38
,
213
,
229
,
242n117
,
244
,
251
,
332
,
334
,
357 –358
cia (Central Intelligence Agency) World Factbook
344
,
362
,
367ne
Ciano, Galeazzo
166 –167
Cienciala, Anna M.
139n38
Clarence (intelligence-gathering network)
239 –240n110
Classical Realism. See irt (IR Theories)
Claudel, Paul
61n46
,
65n57
Claus, Hugo
220
Cleeremans, Jean
191n187
,
224n63
Clerk, George Russell
63n52
climate/environment
318n218
,
325 –326 345
Clinton, Bill (William Jefferson)
350n4
Clive, Robert
128n4
Cold War/post-Cold War
xii
,
5 –6 92
,
104
,
130n8
,
155
,
248 –249n141 249
,
250n145
,
251
,
261
,
265 –266 273n1
,
275
,
279
,
283
,
302 –303 309
,
309n173
,
317
,
317n215
,
320 –321 329
,
339 –340 341n339
,
343
,
345
,
347 –352 360
Colignon, Alain
110 –111 123n209
,
169 –170 219 –220n52
Colin, Paul
218n49
collaboration/collaborators
.
See
see World War ii
collective security
.
See
security
Collin, Fernand
215
Colombia
284
,
327
Colonels-affaire or Obersten-Affaire, 1916
331
Colonial Charter of 1908
147
Comintern (Communist International)
130
Comité National Belge
205
Commonwealth
263
,
282 –283 307
Communism/Communists
100
,
130n8
,
137 –138n33 151
,
155
,
195
,
198n4
,
212n37
,
217
,
237 –238n106 239
,
242 –243 243n119
,
245
,
250
,
255
,
257
,
263
,
268 –269 320
,
342
,
352
,
359
Communist Party of Belgium (Parti Communiste Belge/Kommunistische Partij van België)
.
See
Belgium: political parties
Comoros
363
Compagnie du Chemin de Fer du Katanga
145
Compagnie du Congo pour la Commerce et l’Industrie
145
Concert of Europe
17
,
19
,
19 –20n17 20
,
20n19
,
350
Condor Legion
132
Congo
xi
,
33
,
34n56
,
123n211
,
147 –148n65
atrocities/anti-atrocities campaign
33 –34 34n56
Belgian Congo
34
,
39 –40 40n77
,
43n2
,
145 –147 176n148
,
180
,
185n171
,
198
,
200 –201 206
,
208 –210 213n39
,
224
,
232 –233 233n97
,
238 –239n108 260 –264 316
,
359
Congo Free State
33
Congo River/Basin
33
,
39
,
43
,
145
évolué class
261
export-import statistics
146
,
146n56–n57
Force Publique
39
,
43n2
,
238 –239n108
immatriculation
147
,
261
missionaries
146
,
146n55
White Fathers
147
Zaïre
265
,
266 –267n196
Congo Crisis
261
,
264 –265 309
,
327n270
Congo Free State
.
See
Congo
Congolese exports/imports
.
See
Congo
Congolese neutrality
.
See
neutrality
Congolese uranium
232
,
232n96
Congo, Republic of the
363
Congo River/Basin
.
See
Congo
Congrès National Wallon
246
Consociational Democracy
259
,
259n171
Constructivism. See irt (IR Theories)
Consultative Council
207n28
content analysis
355
Continuation War, 1941–45
155
Convention of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, 1919
145
Conway, Martin
51 –52n13 221
,
240n112
,
243 –244 243 –244n121 246n131
,
248n139
,
249 –250n144
Coolsaet, Rik, xi
26n33
,
265
Cooper, Andrew Fenton
285
Corbin, Charles
58n34
Cornet de Ways-Ruart, Louis
229
Cornil, Léon
228n76
,
251n148
corporatism
51
,
101
Costa Rica
213n40
,
288n67
,
363
Côte d’Ivoire
363
Couloumbis, Theodore A.
294
Council of Europe
303
Counterfactual History/questions/reasoning
ix
,
1 –3 4n6
,
10
,
10n37
,
12n38
,
22
,
22n22
,
36 –37 40
,
92 –93 93n124
,
141
,
155
,
214n42
,
258
,
337
,
347
,
354
,
357 –360
Cox, Michael
340
Craeybeckx, Jan
99
Creswell, Michael
260 –261
Crimea
349n1
Crimean War, 1854–56
19
,
20n17
,
23
,
23n23
,
29n42
Croatia
291
,
291n78
,
292n82
,
304
,
314n203
,
363
,
367nb–nc
csce (Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe)
275
,
287
,
304
,
324 –325
csdp (Common Security and Defence Policy)
296
,
305n148
,
309
,
318
csme (caricom Single Market and Economy)
285 –286
Cuba
213n40
,
284
,
363
Cudahy, John
192
,
192n190
Cumont, Adolphe
71
,
83
,
94
Curzon Line
150
cvp (Christelijke Volkspartij)
.
See
Belgium: political parties
Cyprus, Republic of
288
,
288n65
,
294
,
294n90
,
309
,
327n270
,
363
Cyprus, Turkish Republic of Northern
294
,
294n90
Czech Crisis, 1938
.
See
Czechoslovakia
Czechia/Czech Republic
250 –251n146 270n202
,
295
,
300 –301 350n4
,
363
,
367nd
,
367nj
Czechoslovakia
55
,
77n80
,
83 –84n100 88
,
101n138
,
135 –137 137n28
,
138
,
138n36
,
139
,
139n38
,
140
,
140n40
,
141 –142 142n43
,
144
,
206
,
213n40
,
250
,
261
,
300
,
300n122
,
301
,
303 –304 339
,
367nd
Czech Crisis, 1938
88n111
,
135
,
135n25
,
136 –142
Munich Agreement of 1938
137 –138 137 –138n33 138n35
,
139
,
139n38
,
141 –142
Dahl, Anne-Sophie
321
Daladier, Edouard
60
,
118
,
137
,
137n30
,
137 –138n33 156
,
156n97
,
187
,
187n178
,
196n1
Danish Freedom Council
320
Danzig/Gdansk
148
,
148n67
,
151
,
173
Davignon, Jacques
120
,
120n203
,
159 –160 160n108
,
164 –166 223n62
D-Day landings in Normandy
231 –232 238
De Brouckère, Louis
241
Declaration on Liberated Europe
212n38
De Clercq, Staf
51
,
98
,
176n148
,
217 –219 219n51
,
222
,
358
decolonisation
261
,
263
,
272
,
273n1
,
316
,
339
Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement (dcfta)
296
,
296n98
DéFI (Démocrate Fédéraliste Indépendant)
.
See
Belgium: political parties
definition of neutrality
.
See
neutrality
De Fraiteur, Raoul
246n131
,
249 –250n144
de Gaulle, Charles
196
,
205
,
205n26
,
206n27
,
247 –248 262 –263 265
,
265n193
,
358
Degrelle, Léon
51
,
51 –52n13 98 –99 105n149
,
133
,
133n17
,
181
,
218
,
218n50
,
221
,
222
,
236
,
239 –240n110
De Greve, Jean-Pierre
xii
Delacroix, Léon
74
Delattre, Achille
73n71
Delbos, Yvon
96 –97n132 103n142
,
108
,
115 –116 122
Delfosse, Antoine
167n127
,
207n28
Delors, Jacques
304
Delsemme, Martine
xiii
Delsemme, Paul
xiii
Delvoie, Maurice
160n108
,
162 –163
De Man, Hendrik
51
,
72 –73 73 –74n71 97
,
101
,
130 –131 131n10
,
133 –134 134n19
,
161
,
167n127
,
202
,
220
,
220 –221n54 222
,
222 –223n60 225
,
358
Demany, Fernand
242
Demets, Fernand
242n118
democracy
11
,
11 –12n38 13
,
50
,
101 –102 106
,
125
,
155
,
244
,
256
,
259
,
272 –277 284 –285 295
,
297 –298 302
,
326
,
336
,
342
,
346
,
348
,
352 –353 361 –362
definition
11 –12n38 272 –273
democracy in Belgium
11
,
11 –12n38 45
,
49 –50 99 –101 244
,
253 –254n155 259
Democracy Index (DI)
11
,
11 –12n38 272
,
282
,
288n65
,
302
,
302n132
,
317
,
336
,
361 –366 367nh
authoritarian regimes (AR)
272
,
282 –283n30 284
,
294
,
295n91
,
302n132
,
361 –366
flawed democracies (FlD)
272 –273 282 –283 282 –283n30 284 –285 288n65
,
288n67
,
291
,
294 –295 302
,
336
,
361 –366
full democracies (FD)
272
,
285
,
288n65
,
295
,
303
,
310
,
315
,
317
,
336
,
361 –366
hybrid regimes (HR)
272
,
282 –283n30 284
,
288n65
,
291
,
294 –295 295n91
,
302n132
,
361 –366
Deng Xiaoping
282n27
Denis, Henri
101
,
101n139
,
121n206
,
135n24
,
144
,
162
,
168
,
170
,
176n148
,
180
,
183
,
189 –190n184
Denmark
54
,
59
,
153
,
156
,
169
,
179n153
,
250
,
275
,
292n82
,
314n203
,
317 –318 320
,
322 –323 325 –326 326n267
,
328 –329 331
,
363
De Panne
180
,
191n186
De Schaepdrijver, Sophie
xi
,
38n74
,
253 –254n155
De Schrijver, August
73n71
,
207n28
,
242n118
,
263
Desiré, Claude
230n88
De Smaele, Albert
243n120
,
246n131
Desneux, Pierre
x
De Staerke, André
228n76
,
230
,
241
,
241n116
,
242
,
242n117
,
251n148
,
260
Destrée, Jules
74
de Valera, Éamon
307 –308
developmental states
281 –282 286
Devèze, Albert
56
,
56n27
,
62
,
62n48
,
69
,
69n65
,
70 –71n68 71
,
82 –84 84n101–n102
,
94
,
95n130
,
101
,
101n139
,
107
,
167n127
,
192
Devine, Karen
340
DeVlag (Deutsch-Flämische Arbeitgemeinschaft/Duitsch-Vlaamsche Arbeidgemeenschap)
218 –219 236
De Vleeshauwer, Albert
135n24
,
199 –200 200n9–n10
,
202
,
206
,
207n28
,
208
,
242n118
,
253 –254n155 256n160
,
358
Develeeshouwer, Robert
105n148
,
106
,
107n160
De Voghel, Franz
243 –244n121
De Vos, Luc
237 –238n106 264n191
Dewé, Walthère
239 –240n110
De Wever, Bart
269
,
271
De Wever, Bruno
357
,
359
De Wilde, Maurice
224n63
,
225
,
228
De Witte, Ludo
264n191
Dierckx, Octave
56 –57n28 135n24
Dill, John
94n128
Dinesen, Ruxandra Lupu
295 –296
Di Rupo, Elio
269
Disarmament Conference, Geneva, 1932–34
41
,
55 –56 58
,
60 –62 62 –63n49 63
,
65
,
125
,
312
,
343
Dispy, Raymond
242n118
Djibouti
363
Dominica
272
,
284
,
363
Dominican Republic
213n40
,
284
,
286
,
363
Dominions
140n40
Doumergue, Gaston
64
Drahos, Peter
279 –280n17
Dreyer, John R.
7n16
,
9
,
16n4
,
128 –129n4 155
,
278n15
,
279n16
,
309n173
,
331n291
,
337
Dubois, Sébastien
18
Dujardin, Vincent
88n110
,
134n19
,
216 –217 255n158
,
256n160
,
257n165
Dumont-Wilden, Louis
114 –115n187
Dumoulin, Michel
31
,
88n110
,
101 –102n140 105n148
,
109n163
,
110n165
,
112
,
134n19
,
246 –247 257n165
Dunkirk
181 –183 187
,
190
,
193 –194 193 –194n194 196
,
250
,
357
Dupong, Pierre
204
Duroselle, Jean-Baptiste
66
,
80 –81n90 82n94–n95
,
83 –84n100 132n14
,
156n97
,
173
Dutch East Indies
185n171
,
312
Dutch neutrality
.
See
neutrality
Dutry, Armand
211n36
Dutry-Soinne, Tinou
211n36
Duursma, Jorri
286
,
286n55
,
287
Duvieusart, Jean
249 –250n144 255
,
255n159
,
256
Dyle River
163n117
,
177
eapc (Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council)
305
Eastern Cantons
.
See
Belgium
Eaton Place—Eaton Square (London)
203
Eben-Emael
.
See
fortifications
EC/EU (European Communities/European Union)
257n165
,
265
,
275 –277 277n6
,
279
,
280
,
280n19
,
281 –282 286
,
290 –291 291n78
,
292
,
292n82
,
293n84
,
294 –296 296n98
,
297
,
297n100
,
298 –300 300n121
,
301
,
304
,
304n143
,
305
,
307
,
309
,
313
,
313 –314n198 315
,
317
,
319
,
321
,
321n236
,
323 –324 328 –329 330n284
,
334 –335 337 –341 344n342
,
346n345
,
348 –349 349n1
,
351n9
Ecolo (French-speaking Green Party)
.
See
Belgium: political parties
Economist Intelligence Unit
11 –12n38 272
,
361
ecowas (Economic Community of West African States)
315n207
ecsc (European Coal and Steel Community)
257
Ecuador
363
edc (European Defence Community)
250 –251n146 257
,
257n165
,
260
Eden, Anthony, (Earl of Avon)
80 –81 85
,
85n103
,
87 –88 88n110
,
89
,
91
,
93
,
93n126
,
103
,
119
,
127n1
,
141
,
191
,
260
eea (European Economic Area)
287 –288 304
,
319
,
334
eec (European Economic Community)
259 –260 260n173
,
275
,
303
,
310
,
313
,
334
efta (European Free Trade Association)
275
,
287 –288 303 –304 319
,
334
Egypt
314n203
,
327
,
368nn
Eighteen Days’ Campaign
113
,
178n150
,
185 –186n173 193
,
206
Eilat
327
Ekengren, Magnus
321
Elisabeth (Queen of the Belgians)
158
,
225 –226
Elisabethville (Lumumbashi)
264
Elman, Miriam Fendius
8
,
337
El Salvador
213n40
,
363
Emmerson, James T.
85n103
,
90 –91 91n119–n120
,
92
,
92n123
empire by imposition/empire by invitation
339
Empiricism
354
England
.
See
United Kingdom
English School of IR
.
See
International Relations
Enos-Attali, Sophie
4
enp (European Neighbourhood Policy)
296
Epstein, Jonathan A.
48 –49n10 101n139
,
118n195
,
123n209
,
138n35
,
172 –173n140 175n146
Equatorial Guinea
282 –283n30 363
Eritrea
363
Erlikman, Vadim
43n2
Estonia
154
,
250 –251n146 295
,
297
,
299 –300 323
,
363
Ethiopia/Abyssinia
76
,
78 –80 80n89
,
81
,
81n92
,
82
,
91
,
102
,
103n142
,
134n21
,
167
,
200
,
210
,
238 –239n108
ethnic cleansing
290
,
290 –291n77
Eupen
.
See
Belgium: Eastern Cantons
eupm (European Union Police Mission)
305n148
Europäische Grossraumwirtschaft
357
European Court of Human Rights
306
European Union Constitutional Treaty, 2005
313
,
313 –314n201
Eurozone
293
,
293n84
,
300
eutm (European Union Training Mission in Mali)
310
Evans, Graham
4 –5
évolué class
.
See
Congo
Eyskens, Gaston
243n120
,
249 –250n144 253 –254 253 –254n155 255n158
,
263
failed states
344
Fall Gelb (Operation Yellow)
154
,
172
,
175
Fanning, Ronan
307 –309
Fascism/Fascists
98 –100 129
,
129 –130n6 136
,
137 –138n33 225
,
323
,
342
,
352
Félix of Bourbon-Parma, Prince
204
Ferguson, Niall
2
,
36 –38 38n74
,
140 –141n41
fdf (Front Démocratique des Francophones/Fédéralistes Démocrates Francophones)
.
See
Belgium: political parties
Fianna Fáil (The Warriors of Destiny)
307
Fidesz (Hungarian Civic Alliance)
301
Fiji
288
,
363
Finland
54
,
101n138
,
149
,
153 –156 156n97
,
171
,
275
,
277n7
,
298
,
305 –306 315n207
,
317
,
322 –325 325n261
,
326
,
329
,
335 –336 339 –341 363
Finlandisation
275
,
317
,
324 –325
Finnemore, Martha
325
FI/OF (Front de l’Indépendance/Onafhankelijkheidsfront/Front for Independence)
220 –221n54 237
,
239
First or Little Northern War, 1655–60
322
First Vienna Award, 1938
142n43
First World War
.
See
see World War i.
Flahaut, André
268
Flamenpolitik. See language question
Flamingia
232
Flanders
49 –50 98
,
100
,
105
,
171
,
181
,
192n190
,
218 –220 222
,
230 –231 236
,
246
,
254
,
254n157
,
266
,
266n195
,
269
,
271
,
276
,
358
Flandin, Pierre-Étienne
76
,
81
,
83 –84n100 85
,
87 –88 91
,
91n120
flawed democracies (FlD)
.
See
Democracy Index
Flemish nationalism/separatism
.
See
language question
Force Publique
.
See
Congo
Forminière (Société Internationale Forestière er Minière)
145
fortifications
16
,
16n3
,
52
,
53n16
,
57
,
60
,
62
,
62n48
,
69
,
84n102
,
118
Antwerp redoubt
26
,
26n33
,
30 –31 69n65
Eben-Emael
53
,
62
,
175
,
175n146
Meuse forts
30 –31 31n45
,
53
Forsberg, Tuomas
324 –325
Founding Act on Mutual Relations, Cooperation, and Security Between nato and the Russian Federation, 1997
350
Four-Power Pact, 1933
59 –60 60n42
,
139n38
Fourteen Points
45
,
212
Fox, Annette Baker
277
,
277n7
fpö (Freiheitlichen Partei Österreichs/Freedom Party of Austria)
306
France
5
,
11
,
20
,
20 –21n19 22 –23 23n23
,
24 –25 25n28
,
26
,
28
,
29n42
,
30
,
32
,
32n51
,
33
,
34n56
,
35
,
37
,
40 –41 45
,
45n4
,
46 –47n7 47 –48n9 52
,
54 –55 56n27
,
59
,
61
,
62 –63n49 65 –66 67n60
,
71
,
72n70
,
74 –75 77n80
,
79
,
81 –82 82n94
,
83
,
84n102
,
85
,
86n106
,
87
,
88n112
,
89
,
89n114
,
90 –94 94n128
,
95
,
95n130
,
97
,
101
,
103
,
104n145
,
105n148
,
106 –109 114
,
114 –115n187 115 –119 122 –123 125 –126 127
,
130n8
,
131 –132 132n14
,
135
,
135n23
,
136
,
137 –138n33 138n35
,
139
,
139n38
,
140 –142 144
,
148 –149 149n72–n73
,
150
,
150n77
,
151
,
151n80
,
152
,
152n84
,
153 –157 161
,
161n111
,
163
,
163n117
,
165 –166 168
,
171 –172 172n139
,
172 –173n140 173
,
173 –174n141 175 –176 176n148
,
178 –179 179n153
,
180
,
180n155
,
182
,
186
,
188 –189 190 –191n185 193
,
193 –194n194 194 –195 196 –197 197n2
,
198
,
198n4
,
199 –200 202 –203 203n21
,
205 –206 207n28
,
210
,
217
,
219 –220 223
,
225
,
232
,
237
,
245 –248 248n140
,
250
,
257
,
259 –261 265
,
267
,
273n1
,
274 –275 282
,
288
,
292n82
,
314n203
,
315
,
315n207
,
316
,
327
,
330 –333 342 –343 347 –348 351 –352
France-Belgium commercial and financial relations
58 –59 71 –74
Franck, Louis
71
Franco-Belgian Military Accord, 1920
40 –41 47
,
47 –48n9 48
,
48 –49n10 53 –54 54n21
,
56
,
60
,
61n47
,
64
,
64n54
,
66
,
75
,
77n80
,
83
,
83n98
,
84
,
84n101–n102
,
85 –86 86n105–n106
,
89
,
94 –95 120n200
,
188
,
342
Franco-Belgian military staff talks
48 –49n10 71
,
83
,
84n101
,
86
,
94
,
105
,
107 –108 110
,
115 –116 118
,
127
,
144
Franco, Francisco
121
,
129 –132 132n13–n14
,
196
,
203 –204 352
François-Poncet, André
62n49
Franco-Polish Pact of Mutual Assistance, 1921
88n112
Franco-Prussian War, 1870–71
24
,
24n26
,
26 –27n35 27n36
,
29n43
,
43n2
Franco-Soviet Pact of Mutual Assistance, 1935
65
,
77
,
77n80
,
81 –83 83 –84n100 85
,
90
,
108
,
114 –115n187
Francqui, Émile
70
,
70 –71n68 72
,
73n71
Frank, Tibor
142n43
Franks, Tommy
268
Franz Joseph (Habsburg Emperor)
23
Fredericq, Louis
202
,
208
,
210
,
224
,
251n148
French rearmament
.
See
rearmament
Frente Popular (Spain)
121
,
129
,
352
Frentz, Jean-Marie
316
Freymond, Jean F.
334
,
334n311
Frieser, Karl-Heinz
152n84
frontier defence thesis
48
,
53n16
,
54n22
,
56
,
56 –57n28 57
,
62
,
62n48
,
71
,
82 –83 94
,
95n129
,
101n139
,
107
,
185n172
,
188
,
342
Frontist Movement
.
See
language question
Frontists (Frontpartij)
.
See
Belgium: political parties
Fry, Michael G.
32n50
full democracies (FD)
.
See
Democracy Index
Gabon
282 –283n30 363
Gaddis, John Lewis
350
,
350n4
Gaiffier d’Hestroy, Edmond
52 –53 82n96
Galet, Émile
48 –49n10 54n22
,
56
,
62
Gällivare
171 –172n137
Galopin, Alexandre
215
,
218
,
222
Gambia
363
Gamelin, Maurice
71n69
,
82n95
,
83
,
94 –95 117
,
117n193
,
118
,
118n194
,
160n108
,
162 –163 163n117
,
180
,
187n178
,
193 –194n194
Ganshof Van der Meersch, Walter
237 –238n106
Gap of Visé
175
Gärtner, Heinz
305
,
305n148
,
306
Gaza Strip
327
,
361n4
gdp (Gross Domestic Product)
273
,
276
,
278
,
278n14
,
282
,
282 –283n30 283
,
293
,
293n84
,
317
,
336
,
343 –344 361 –366
Geeraerts, Gustaaf
xi
Genin, Vincent
21n21
,
206n27
genocide
34n56
,
233 –235 266 –267 266 –267n196 268
,
290 –291n77 322
Gensoul, Marcel-Bruno
197
George vi (King of the United Kingdom)
160
,
164
,
183n168
,
184
Georgia
294 –296 296n98
,
297 –298 302n132
,
349
,
363
Gerard, Emmanuel
73 –74n71 100n137
,
264n191
Gérard, Gustave-Léo
222
Gérard, Max-Léo
73 –74n71 215
Gérard-Libois, Jules
264n191
German atrocities
42
,
43n2
,
185 –186n173
German rearmament
.
See
rearmament
German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact, 1939
149 –150 150n77
,
150 –151n78 156
,
170
Germany (includes references to the Federal Republic of {West} Germany and the Democratic Republic of {East} Germany)
5
,
11
,
18
,
21n19
,
22 –23 24n26
,
24 –26 28
,
29n42
,
30
,
30n44
,
32
,
32n51
,
35 –36 36n62
,
37 –38 40 –41 43
,
45
,
46 –47n7 52 –53 55 –56 58 –61 62 –63n49 63
,
65 –67 71
,
75 –77 79
,
82
,
83 –84n100 84n102
,
85n103
,
86
,
86n106
,
87n107
,
87 –88 88n110
,
88n112
,
89n114
,
90 –91 91n119
,
92
,
94
,
95n130
,
96 –97 107
,
115 –117 119 –120 120n201
,
122
,
123n211
,
124 –126 127n1
,
128
,
130n8
,
132n14
,
133
,
135 –136 136n27
,
137n28
,
137n32
,
137 –138n33 138n35–n36
,
140n40
,
140 –141n41 141 –142 144
,
148
,
148n67
,
149
,
149n71–n72
,
150
,
151n80
,
152
,
152n84
,
153 –154 156 –157 157n102
,
161
,
161n111
,
163
,
165
,
167 –168 171
,
171 –172n137 172n139
,
173
,
173 –174n141 176 –178 180
,
183n168
,
185 –186n173 192
,
193n192
,
194 –195 197
,
203n21
,
204 –206 208
,
209n30
,
210 –211 214 –215 219
,
219n51
,
222 –223 225
,
231
,
247 –248 250
,
250 –251n146 257
,
259 –261 274 –275 292n82
,
301
,
303
,
311
,
313
,
313n196
,
315n207
,
316
,
320
,
321n236
,
322 –323 332
,
342
,
347 –348 350 –351n6 351 –352 357 –358
Geyl, Pieter
17
Ghana
262
,
316
,
363
Ghent, city of
98
,
179
,
181
Ghent, University of
xi
,
11
,
12n38
,
50
,
75
Gholz, Eugene
341n339
Gilbert, Arthur N.
32n50
Gilbert, Martin
140n39
,
171 –172n137 190 –191n185 212n38
Gillet, Florence
233
globalisation
277
,
279
,
279n17
Goethals, Georges
159
,
168
Golan Heights
327
,
367ne
Gold Standard
59
,
59n37
,
71 –73
Goldstein, Eric
137n32
Goetschel, Laurent
340
Goossens, François
257 –258
Gorbachev, Mikhail
325
Gort, Lord (John Vereker)
185n172
,
190
Gotovitch, José
129 –130n6 132n13
,
217
Goutard, Alphonse
173 –174n141
Grâce-Berleur
255
,
256n160
Granville, Earl (George Leveson-Gower, 3rd Earl Granville)
60n40
Great Britain
.
See
United Kingdom
Great Depression of the 1930s
49
,
55
,
97 –98 125
,
147
,
303
,
343
Great Northern War, 1700–21
322
great powers
.
See
states
Great Recession of 2008
281
,
286n51
Great War
.
See
see World War i
Greece
148
,
213n40
,
291 –293 293n84–n85
,
294
,
363
Grégoire, Marcel
243 –244n121
Grenada
272
,
284
,
364
Groen (Flemish Green Party)
.
See
Belgium: political parties
Grosbois, Thierry
193n192
,
227n75
,
228n76
,
253n153
Group of 77
281
,
339
Gsthöl, Sieglinde
279 –280
Guatemala
213n40
,
364
Gubin, Eliane
18
Guderian, Heinz
172
,
177 –178 180 –182
Guernica
132 –133
Guillen, Pierre
31
Guinea
364
Guinea-Bissau
316
,
364
Gulf of Aqaba
327
Gunsburg, Jeffrey A.
116 –117 173
Gutt, Camille
70
,
72
,
144
,
182 –185 187
,
189 –190n184 196
,
199
,
199n6
,
202
,
205 –206 207n28
,
208
,
213n39
,
226n72
,
232n96
,
253n154
Guyana
284
,
364
Haag, Henri
62
Haas, Mark L.
20 –21n19 150n77
Habyarimana, Juvénal
267
Hague, The
160
,
164n118
,
311
Hague Convention of 1907, The
303
,
330
Hague Peace Conferences, The First (1899) and Second (1907)
311
Haider, Jörg
306
Haile Selassie (Ethiopian Emperor)
79
Haiti
213n40
,
284
,
286
,
364
Halder, Franz
182
Halifax, Lord (Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax)
357
Handel, Michael
7n16
,
278
,
278n14–n15
Hansson, Per Albin
322
Harinxma Thoe Slooten, B. P. H. van
164n118
Harmel, Pierre
260
,
265
Hayoit de Termicourt, Raoul
184
,
192
hcb (Huileries du Congo Belge)
145
Helmreich, Jonathan E.
25n27
,
55n25
,
135
,
168
,
180
,
186
,
189
,
224 –225 232
,
251n148
,
268 –269
Hempel, Eduard
308
Henlein, Conrad
135
Hermans, Ward
218
Herriot, Édouard
56n26
,
96 –97n132
Herwig, Holger H.
214n42
Heuser, Beatrice
xii
Hey, Jeanne A. K.
286n51
,
316
hiding
.
See
International Relations
Hiernaux, Jules
70 –71n68
Hill, Christopher
148n67
Hirschstein, Fortress of
231
,
231n93
historiography
150 –151n78 173
,
173 –174n141 234n100
,
247n136
,
353
History
xi
,
10
,
14
,
93
,
353 –355
Hitler, Adolf
37
,
44n3
,
58
,
60 –62 62 –63n49 66
,
75 –79 81 –82 82n94
,
83
,
83 –84n100 85n103
,
86
,
86n105
,
87 –88 90 –92 92n123
,
93
,
93n126
,
96 –97n132 103
,
114
,
114 –115n187 117
,
120 –121 123n211
,
125 –126 129
,
130n8
,
133
,
135 –137 139
,
139n38
,
140 –141 142n43
,
144
,
148n67
,
148n70
,
149
,
149n73
,
151 –152 152n84–n85
,
153
,
153n87
,
154 –156 159
,
164
,
164n118
,
165
,
169
,
171
,
172n138
,
173 –175 175n145
,
178 –179 181 –182 182n165
,
190 –191n185 193
,
194 –195 196
,
201
,
203
,
211
,
213 –214 214n42
,
216
,
217n47
,
218n50
,
219
,
223 –224 224n63
,
225
,
231
,
245
,
274
,
301
,
308
,
312
,
333
,
343
,
348
,
352
,
357 –360
Hoare, Samuel
78 –80 80n90
Hoare-Laval Plan
80
,
80n89
,
81
Hochschild, Adam
33
Hoenmanns, Erich
167
Höll, Otmar
305
,
305n148
,
306
Holland
.
See
Netherlands, the
Holmes, Richard
140n39
Holocaust, The
214n42
,
226n72
,
233 –234 234n100
,
234 –235n101 235
,
235n103
,
323
,
332
,
334
Holy Alliance
18
,
20 –21n19 23
Honduras
213n40
,
364
Hong Kong
361
,
361n2
Hughes, Jeffrey L.
136n27
,
140 –141n41
Huldt, Bo
321n236
Humes, Samuel
277
Hungary
79
,
80n89
,
88
,
141
,
142n43
,
250 –251n146 261
,
270n202
,
295
,
300 –301 303
,
323
,
339
,
349
,
350n4
,
364
Huntington, Samuel P.
343
Husayn, Saddam
92
,
304
Hutus
149
,
267
Huysmans, Camille
49
,
205
,
211n36
,
246n131
,
248n140
,
358
hybrid regimes HR)
.
See
Democracy Index
Hymans, Paul
44n3
,
54
,
56 –57 61
,
61n43–n44
,
63 –64 64n54
,
65
,
67 –68 68n62
,
70
,
72 –73 73n71
,
75
,
85 –86 244
iaf (Integrated Analytical Framework)
.
See
levels of analysis
Iberian Peninsula
203 –204
icc (International Criminal Court)
288n67
Iceland
250
,
281
,
288
,
288n65
,
292n82
,
317 –320 326
,
364
icrc (International Committee of the Red Cross)
202
,
333 –334
icru (Icelandic Crisis Response Unit)
318 –319
ideology as factor
10 –11 13
,
20 –21n19 22
,
55
,
66
,
74 –75 77
,
77n80
,
96 –98 100 –101 104 –105 105n148
,
110
,
125
,
130
,
130n8
,
132n14
,
136
,
136n26
,
150
,
150n77–n78
,
155 –156 169 –170 184
,
195
,
212n37
,
247
,
258
,
342
,
347
,
352
ifor (Implementation Force)
305n148
igos (International Government Organisations)
279
imf (International Monetary Fund)
281
,
293
,
293n84
,
344n342
immatriculation
.
See
Congo
immigration/migration
269 –270 292
,
292n83
,
301
,
326
,
326n267
,
344
Indépendance Belge, L’
58n35
independence, policy of
.
See
neutrality
India
213n40
Indian Ocean
272
,
338
Indochina
260
Indonesia
282 –283 316
,
327
inf (Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces) Treaty, 1987
346n345
Ingebritsen, Christine
277
,
325 –326
Ingólfsdóttir, Auöur H.
318n218
integral defence-in-depth thesis
48
,
48 –49n10 53n16
,
56
,
62
,
83
,
95n129
,
107
,
343
interdisciplinarity
353 –355
intermediary bodies
20n17
,
351
International Brigades
.
See
Spanish Civil War
International Court of Justice
287
International Relations
10
,
14
,
258
,
271
,
337
,
343
,
345 –346n344 354 –355
alliances
ix
,
27
,
27n36
,
28
,
28n39
,
40
,
42
,
45n4
,
47
,
47 –48n9 54
,
54n21
,
66
,
66n59
,
67
,
104
,
104n146
,
109
,
114
,
114 –115n187 116
,
124 –126 140n40
,
149
,
149n71
,
149n73
,
150n77
,
151
,
247
,
249
,
273
,
279
,
289 –290 302
,
302n133
,
303
,
307
,
309
,
336
,
340
,
348
,
351
,
358
balancing/balance of power
5 –8 17
,
19
,
19 –20n17 20
,
20n19
,
21
,
25
,
25n29
,
26
,
27 –28 28n38–n39
,
28 –29n41 54n21
,
55
,
55n24
,
67n59
,
78n84
,
95n130
,
96
,
123 –124 148n70
,
149n73
,
269
,
274
,
276
,
278 –279 290
,
311
,
320
,
343
,
345 –346 347
,
352
bandwagoning
26 –28 28n38
,
55
,
67n59
,
123 –125 155
,
274
,
276
,
279
,
290
,
309n173
,
320
,
347
,
352
binding
337
buck passing
8
English School of IR
12n39
,
28n41
hiding
29
,
67n59
,
104
,
124
,
274
,
276
,
279
,
339
,
343
,
347
,
352
multilateralism/unilateralism
289n19
self-help
13 –14 22
,
22n22
,
40
,
55
,
125
,
129
,
273
,
347 –348
transcending
29
,
29n42
,
87
,
274
,
276
,
312
,
343
uni-multipolar system
343
international system
ix
,
5 –7 10 –11 12 –13n39 14
,
21
,
40
,
125
,
153
,
261
,
272
,
277 –279 290
,
325
,
330
,
336
,
340
,
342
,
344 –346 347 –348 351
Internet gambling/gaming industry
285
inutom (Institut Universitaire des Territoires d’Outre-Mer)
262
ira (Irish Republican Army)
308
Iraq
268
,
288 –290 295
,
319
,
335
Iran-Iraq War
341n339
Ireland (Éire)
292n82
,
302
,
307 –309 309n173
,
310
,
314
,
339 –340 364
Irish neutrality
.
See
neutrality
Iron Curtain
251
irt (IR Theories)
ix –xi 4
,
25n28
,
44n3
,
337
,
341n339
,
347
Classical Realism
7 –8 337
Constructivism
9
,
12n39
,
20n19
,
128 –129n4 155
,
298
,
302n133
,
309n173
,
321n238
,
331n291
,
337
,
340
,
345 –346 345 –346n344 346
learning theory
28n38
,
124 –125 289
,
337
Neo-Classical Realism
337
Neo-Liberal Institutionalism
9
,
12n39
,
20n19
,
31
,
277
,
337
,
345 –346
Realism
9
,
19
,
22n22
,
88n106
,
91 –92 123
,
156
,
173 –174n141 279 –280n17 289
,
309n173
,
312 –313 324
,
331n291
,
340
,
345 –347
Neo-Realism
7
,
7n16
,
24
,
27
,
31
,
32n50
,
96
,
104
,
155
,
302n133
,
352
,
354
Defensive
7 –8 22
,
5
,
27
,
123
,
337
Offensive
8
,
337
,
344 –345n344
Structural
7
,
7n20
,
337
islandian sovereignty
273n1
Israel
268
,
270n202
,
274 –275 275n2
,
302
,
327 –328 328n272
,
361n4
,
364
Italy
11
,
46 –47n7 59
,
61
,
71
,
76
,
79 –80 87n107
,
80n89
,
90
,
102
,
103n142
,
120
,
132n14
,
134
,
134n21
,
148 –149 149n71
,
154
,
166
,
196n1
,
197
,
200
,
203
,
208 –210 210n33
,
245
,
248n140
,
250
,
260
,
267
,
275
,
288n66
,
315n207
,
316
,
357
Jacquemotte, Joseph
97
Jackson, Julian
137 –138n33 156
,
173 –174n141
Jakobsen, Peter Viggo
328 –329
Jakobson, Max
325
Jamaica
284 –285 364
Jamar, Joseph
228n76
Janson, Paul
101 –102n140
Janson, Paul-Émile
75
,
101 –102n140 134
,
134n21
,
136n26
,
167n127
,
189 –190n184 205
Janssens, Gustaaf
xi
Japan
55
,
78 –79 98
,
133
,
153
,
213
,
213n39
,
214
,
232
,
281
,
281n25
,
282
Jaquet, L. G. M.
313
Jaspar, Henri
49
,
64n53
,
68
,
68n62
,
69 –70
Jaspar, Marcel-Henri
64n54
,
99
,
133n18
,
139
,
139n37
,
166
,
167n127
,
187n179
,
189 –190n184 198 –199 205 –206 206n27
,
358
Jerusalem (East and West)
327
,
328n272
,
367ne
Jervis, Robert
25n28
Jesse, Neal
7n169
,
16n4
,
128 –129n4 155
,
278n15
,
279n16
,
309n173
,
331n291
,
337
Jews
77n80
,
139n37
,
141 –142 212n38
,
214
,
214n42
,
221
,
226n72
,
233 –234 234n100
,
234 –235n102 235
,
323
,
332 –334 357 –359
Jiang Jieshi
361n3
Johnson, Chalmers
281n25
Jordan
302n132–n133
,
314n203
,
327
,
364
Jordan River, West Bank of
327
,
361n4
Josephine-Charlotte, Princess
208
Juárez, Benito
24
Jullian, Marcel
230n88
Jurkynas, Mindaugas
297 –298 351n9
Kaliningrad
297
,
297n100
Karlsrud, John
329
Karovich, Pavlé
120n200
Karsh, Effraim
302
Kasavubu, Joseph
262 –264
Katanga (Shaba)
264
,
264n191
,
265
Katholieke Vlaamsche Volkspartij
.
See
Belgium: political parties
Kazakhstan
295n91
,
364
Kekkonen, Urho
325
Kennan, George F.
324
,
349 –350 350n4
Keohane, Robert O.
277 –278 285
Kerchove de Denterghem, André, Comte de
82n96
,
87
,
107
,
108 –109 111 –112 114 –115n187 115
,
166 –167
Kérillis, Henri de
137 –138n33
Kershaw, Ian
172n138
,
214n42
Kesteloot, Chantal
xi
,
239 –240n110 245n128
,
247n136
Keyes, Roger, Admiral
158
,
158 –159n105 168
,
190 –191n185 191n186
Keyes, Roger (biographer)
158 –159n105 171
,
176n147
,
179
,
179n153
,
201
,
209n30
,
229
,
231n92
,
241
,
255 –256 256n162
Khong, Yuen Foong
141
Kieft, David Owen
83
,
86
,
86n105
,
88n110
,
112
,
114n184
,
119
,
121n206
,
127n1
,
128n2
Kier, Elizabeth
173 –174n141
Kiewitz, Werner
222 –223n60
Kigali
267
Kirchoff, Hans
179n153
,
320
Kiribati
272
,
288
,
364
Kleffens, Nicolaas van
160
Koch Assault Detachment
175
Koninckx, Christian
xi
,
113n180
,
160n108–n109
Koops, Joachim A.
xii
Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of (North)
364
,
367nh
Korea, Republic of (South)
281 –282 364
Korean War, 1950–53
251
,
257
,
314
Kosovo, Republic of
291
,
291n78
,
292
,
306
,
319
,
335
Kossmann; E. H.
17
,
259
Krasner, Stephen D.
22n22
Kreisky, Bruno
304
Kristallnacht
141
Kronacker, Paul
242n118
Kruizinga, Samuël
311
,
311 –312n188 312
Kupchan, Charles A.
20n19
,
350
,
350n5
Kupchan, Clifford
350
,
350n5
Kuwait
92
,
302n132
,
304
,
364
Kux, Stephan
334 –335
K-W Line (Koningshoycht {near Antwerp} to Wavre)
177
,
226
Kyrgyzstan
295n91
,
364
Laeken Castle/Château/Palace of
158
,
186
,
222 –223n60 225 –226 230
Lagrou, René
218
Lahaut, Julien
257 –258 258n166
Lalmand, Edgard
243n120
,
246n131
,
251n148
language question
12n38
,
13
,
18
,
48
,
49 –50 51n12
,
98
,
116n189
,
171
,
184
,
195
,
258
,
266
,
342
,
347
,
352
,
360
activism/activists
50
,
133
,
143
,
219
,
358
Belgian army, unilingual units
48 –49n10 56 –57n28 116n189
,
121n206
,
134n21
Flamenpolitik
11 –12n38 42
,
50
Frontist Movement (Front Beweging)
50
,
98
,
236
nationalism/separatism/identity
17 –18 50
Flemish
17 –18 49 –50 51n12
,
86n106
,
99n135
,
100
,
108
,
176n148
,
219
,
240
,
248
,
269
,
352
Walloon
17 –18 32n51
,
50
,
74
,
111
,
219
,
240
,
246 –248 269
,
352
passivism/passivists
50
Lanneau, Catherine
247
,
247n135–n136
Laos
364
Laqua, Daniel
47 –48n9
large-N studies
355
Laroche, Jules
84
,
84n101–n102
,
106 –107 114 –115
Lateran Treaty, February 1929
288n65
Latvia
154
,
250 –251n146 295
,
297
,
299 –300 323
,
364
Laurent, Edmond
118
Laureys, Eric
237 –238n106
Lausanne Conference, 1932
59
Laval, Pierre
75 –77 77n80
,
79 –81 198
Laveleye, Victor de
211
,
211n36
,
242n118
Law of Neutrality
303
,
330
,
335
Law of Universal Competence
267 –268
League of Nations
6
,
41
,
44
,
47
,
47 –48n9 54
,
58
,
60 –61 65
,
69
,
79 –81 81n92
,
85n103
,
87
,
90
,
95n130
,
96
,
102 –103 103n142
,
105
,
108
,
109n163
,
112
,
115
,
117
,
119
,
120n200
,
121 –122 126
,
127n1
,
128n2
,
139n37
,
142n43
,
145
,
155
,
244
,
262
,
287
,
311
,
341 –342 348
League of Nations Union
78
learning theory
.
See
see irt (IR Theories)
Lebanon
302n132
,
309 –310 314
,
364
Lebensraum
214n42
Lebow, Richard Ned
2 –3n4 37
Lebrun, Albert
160
,
164
,
196
Leeb, Ritter von
177
Leffler, Melvin
173
Leger, Alexis
115
Legioen Vlaanderen
219
Légion Wallonie
218
,
218n50
Lemass, Sean F.
307
Lemkin, Raphael
290 –291n77
Lenin, Vladimir
74
,
97
Leopold i (King of the Belgians)
15
,
15n2
,
16
,
24 –25
Leopold ii (King of the Belgians)
24
,
25n27
,
27
,
30
,
33
,
34n56
,
145
Leopold iii (King of the Belgians)
65n57
,
68
,
69n65
,
70
,
111
,
111n168
,
116n189
,
136n26
,
153
,
154n89–n90
,
157n102
,
158
,
158n105
,
163 –164 167 –168 174 –176 178n150
,
179
,
179n154
,
180
,
180n156
,
181n161
,
183 –184 184n169
,
185 –187 192
,
192n190
,
192 –193n191 193
,
209
,
225n69
,
226 –227 258n168–n169
,
357 –359
(and his attitudes toward, decisions with regard to, relationship with, or views on)
abdication
252
,
253n153–n154
,
255 –256 256n160
,
256n162
,
257 –258
Albert i (King of the Belgians)
53 –54n20 113
,
113n180
Baudouin/Boudewijn (Prince, King of the Belgians)
252 –253 253n154
,
255 –256
Capelle, Robert
65n57
,
100
,
100n137
,
135n23
,
209n30
,
223n62
,
229
Charles, Prince (Regent)
241 –242 242n117
,
251n148
,
252n149
Churchill, Winston S.
190
,
190 –191n185 191
,
242n117
collaboration/collaborators
222
,
229
constitutional reform
143
,
202
,
222
,
227
,
358 –359
De Man, Henrik
222
,
222 –223n60 358
Elisabeth (Queen of the Belgians)
225 –226
entourage
135n23
,
161
,
206
,
208
,
209n30
,
210
,
223n62
,
224 –227 229
,
252
,
357
,
359
France
118n195
,
119 –120 160n108
,
161 –163 206
,
225 –226
Germany
182
,
225
,
231
Jews
225 –226 226n72
,
357 –359
language question
226
,
228
Marie-José, Princess
223
,
358
marriage to Lilian Baels
230
meeting with Hitler
223
,
223n62
,
224
,
224n63
,
225
,
252
,
357 –358
military reforms
83
,
114 –115n187
Netherlands, the
87n107
,
154
,
160
neutrality
65n57
,
67n60
,
104 –105 107n160
,
109 –110 109 –110n164 111n168
,
112 –113 113n180
,
114
,
116
,
116n190
,
118n195
,
135n23
,
138 –139n36 156
,
161 –162 166
,
176
,
186
,
190
,
206
,
213n41
,
226
peace talks with Nazi Germany
183
,
183n168
,
184n170
,
187
,
187 –188n180 192
,
199
,
201
,
201n12
,
357
Pierlot, Hubert
181
,
183 –184 198
,
201 –202 227n75
,
228n76
,
229
,
253
,
253n153
Pirenne, Jacques
176n147
,
251n148
,
253
,
253n154
plebiscite on King Leopold iii, 12 March 1950
253 –254 254n156–n157
,
358
political parties in Belgium
100n137
,
143
,
171
Political Testament
227
,
227n75
,
228
,
228n76
,
229 –230 252
,
252n149
press censorship
166
,
357
refugees
226
,
226n72
Rexism/Rexists
100
,
222
Reynaud, Paul
187
Royal Question
111n168
,
113
,
116
,
176n147
,
184
,
186n175
,
225
,
229 –230 242n117
,
248 –249 249 –250n144 251 –256 258 –259 359
Spaak, Paul-Henri
105n148
,
107n160
,
134
,
157
,
160
,
166
,
181
,
183 –184 189
,
189 –190n184 199
,
201 –202 228
,
228n76
,
252 –253 255
,
256n160
surrender on 28 May 1940
186
,
187n179
,
190
,
190 –191n185 191
,
191n186–n187
,
191 –192n189 192
,
209n30
,
216
,
229
United Kingdom
119 –120 161 –162 206
,
225
United States
208n29
,
231 –232 251n148
Vandervelde, Émile
67n60
,
99
,
111n169
Van Overstraeten, Raoul
160
,
180 –181 185n171
,
209n30
,
219n51
,
223n62
,
229
Wijnendaele, Castle of (confrontation at on 25 May 1940)
183
,
183n168
Léopoldville (Kinshasa)
262 –263 263n187
,
264
Lerchenfeld-Kofering, Hugo von
58n35
Lesotho
282 –283n30 364
lesser evil policy (moindre mal/minste Kwaad)
215 –216
Le Tellier, Pol
208
Leuven
177
,
180
levels of analysis
12 –13 13 –14n40 14
,
276
,
354 –355
iaf (Integrated Analytical Framework)
12 –14 40
,
46
,
55
,
125 –126 129
,
156
,
194 –195 206
,
259
,
272 –274 337
,
354
unit-or state-level
ix
,
7
,
10
,
12 –14 25n28
,
32
,
32n50
,
62
,
77
,
87
,
171
,
258 –259 270 –274 276
,
280
,
343
,
354
system-level
ix
,
7
,
12 –14 58
,
62
,
77
,
171
,
258 –259 266
,
270 –274 276
,
343
,
353 –354
Levine, Paul A.
322 –323 332
Levy, Jack S.
2 –3n4 32n50
Liberal Party
.
See
Belgium: political parties
Liberation
215 –216n44 228n76
,
236 –237 236 –237n104 238n107
,
239
Liberia
310
,
364
Libre Belgique, La
188 –189n182
Libya
302
,
302n132
,
364
Lie, Trygve
244
Liechtenstein, Principality of
272
,
286
,
286n55
,
287 –288 288n65
,
317
,
364
Liège, city of
32n51
,
48
,
53
,
86
,
95
,
101
,
101n139
,
170
,
175
,
246 –247 256n160
Lijphart, Arend
259
Limburg, Belgian Province of
16n2
,
50
,
62n48
,
71
,
167
Limburg, Dutch Province of
21
,
43
,
48
,
53
Limoges
189
,
189 –190n184 192
,
202
linguistic turn
354
Lippens, Maurice
358
Lipponen, Paavo
324
Lithuania
148
,
154
,
250 –251n146 295
,
297
,
297n100
,
299 –300 364
Little Entente
55
,
88
Litvinov, Maxime
65 –66 91n119
,
149
Livre Blanc, Le
176n147
,
253
Lloyd George, David
35
,
88n111
Lobell, Steven E.
78n84
Locarno, Eastern
65 –66 69
Locarno Treaty
.
See
Treaty of Locarno
Lockhart, Bruce
211n36
London Declaration of 19 March 1936
89 –90 90n117
,
91
,
93
,
106
Lorand, Georges
32n51
Lothian, Lord (Philip Henry Kerr)
88
,
88n111
Louis Philippe (King of the French)
21
Low Countries
17 –18 22
,
28
,
35
,
36n62
,
52
,
117n193
,
152n84
,
154
,
163
,
165
,
175
Luftwaffe
140 –141n41 182
,
193
,
203
Luif, Paul
303
,
303n135–n136
,
304 –306
Lukacs, John
172n138
Lumumba, Patrice
261 –264 264n191
Lundestad, Geir
339
Luso-Spanish Friendship and Non-Aggression Pact
204
Luxembourg, Belgian Province of
50
,
62n48
Luxemburg, Grand Duchy of
15 –16n2 21
,
26n34
,
39
,
43
,
45 –46 47
,
47 –48n9 50
,
54
,
59
,
90
,
153
,
172
,
177
,
203n21
,
204 –205 213n40
,
240
,
249n142
,
285
,
286n51
,
288
,
288n65
,
302
,
310
,
312
,
315 –317 364
Luxemburger neutrality
.
See
neutrality
Lys/Leie River
181
,
185n172
,
193
Maas/Meuse River
31
,
48
,
62n48
,
94 –95 95n129
,
161
,
170
,
172
,
175
,
178
,
185 –186n173
Maastricht/Maestricht
16n2
,
21
,
175
,
293n84
MacDonald, Ramsay
76
,
78
Macedonia, Former Yugoslav Republic of (The Republic of North Macedonia)
291 –292 294
,
364
,
367nb
,
367nf
MacGinty, Roger
340
Madagascar
364
Maere d’Aertrycke, Baudoiun
251n148
Maginot Line
52
,
82
,
117 –118 141
,
153
Malawi
282 –283n30 364
Malaya, Federation of
282
Malaysia
272
,
282 –283 314n203
,
364
Maldives
272
,
364
Mali
310
,
315
,
315n207
,
329
,
365
Malmédy
.
See
Belgium: Eastern Cantons
Malta
288
,
288n65
,
365
Manchuria
55
,
79
Manhattan Project
232
Manifeste de Conscience Africaine
262
Manstein, Erich von
175
,
175n145
Marck, Hendrik
167n127
Marcq, René
224
Marie-Adélaide (Grand Duchess of Luxemburg)
39
Marie-Anne (Dowager Duchess of Luxemburg)
204
Marie-José, Princess
167
,
223
,
358
Marks, Sally, xii
44n3
,
173
Marne, Battle of the
37
Marne, Miracle of the
178
,
180
,
195
Marne River
37
,
178
,
180
,
195
Marrakech
270
Marshall, Don D.
285 –286
Marshall Islands, Republic of
272
,
288 –289 365
Marshall Plan (European Recovery Program)
249
,
249n142
,
250
,
316
,
360
Marteaux, Albert
242n118
,
243n120
,
246n131
Martens, Adriaan
143
Marxism/Marxists
101
,
220
Massigli, René
107 –108
Mauritania
365
Mauritius
365
Maximilian (Habsburg Archduke)
23 –24
May, Ernest
173 –174n141
Mayer, Arno J.
32n50
mcc (Mouvement des Citoyens pour le Changement)
.
See
Belgium: political parties
Mearsheimer, John J.
8
,
20n19
,
25
,
344 –345n343 349n1
Mechelen
176
,
180
,
193
,
234
Mechelen-aan-de-Maas/Mechelen-sur-Meuse
167
Mechelen Incident
167 –169 175n145
Mediterranean Sea
78
,
103
,
149n71
,
203
Meinen, Insa
235n103
Melakopides, Costas
294
Melvern Linda
266 –267
Memel/Klaipėda
148
Mendès-France, Pierre
260
mercosur (Mercado Común del Sur)
290
Mers-el-Kébir
197
,
197n3
Meuse Forts
.
See
fortifications
Mexico
23 –24
Michel, Charles
269 –270
Michel, Louis
264n191
,
268
Michiels, François-Fidèle-Oscar
168
Micronesia, Federated States of
272
,
288 –289 365
micro-states. See states
Militärverwaltung
214
military reforms, Belgian
.
See
Belgium
military service, Belgian
.
See
Belgium
military staff talks
89
,
94
,
115 –116 118
,
127
,
136
,
144
,
148
,
158 –159 162 –164 169 –170 174
Miller, Jane K.
64n54
Miniotaite, Grazina
298 –300
minusma (UN Multidimensional Integrated Stablization Mission in Mali)
310
,
310n181
,
315
,
315n207
,
329
missionaries
.
See
Congo
mitigated anarchy
12
,
12 –13n39 14
,
125
,
272
Mitzen, Jennifer
20n19
Mixed Parliamentary Commission, 1936
95
,
106 –107 107n156
mnc (Mouvement National Congolais)
262 –264
mnr/NKB (Mouvement National Royaliste/Nationale Koningsgesinde Beweging)
237
Mobutu, Joseph-Desiré
264 –265
Moeyes, Paul
330 –331
Mohammed, Debbie A.
286
Moldova
295 –298 302n132
,
365
Molotov, Vyacheslav
149
Monaco
272
,
288
,
288n65
,
292n82
,
365
Mongolia
365
Monnet, Jean
197
Monroe Doctrine
350
Mons
246
,
265
Montenegro
250 –251n146 288
,
288n65
,
291
,
365
,
367ng
Montgomery, Bernard
229
Moore, Bob
313
Morelli, Anne
266n195
Moresnet
44
Morgenthau, Hans
7
,
36n62
Morocco
270
,
319
Moscow
213
Möttölä, Kari
317n215
Moyen, André
258
Mozambique
316
,
365
MR (Mouvement Réformateur)
.
See
Belgium: political parties
Mûelenaere, Nel de
16
,
16n4
Mundeleer, Léon
243n120
,
251n148
Munich Agreement of 1938
.
See
Czechoslovakia
Murphy, Ray
309 –310
Murray, Williamson
341n339
Mussolini, Benito
59
,
61n44
,
66
,
76
,
78 –81 81n92
,
91
,
93
,
98
,
102 –103 129
,
133
,
137
,
139n38
,
149
,
149n71
,
151 –152 166
,
213
,
357
Muûls, Fernand
110n165
Myanmar (Burma)
282
nafta (North American Free Trade Association)
284
,
290
nam (Non-Aligned Movement)
339
Namibia
365
Namur, city of
163
,
169
,
175
,
177
Namur, Province of
188
,
218n49
Napoleon, Louis
.
See
see Napoleon iii
Napoleon iii (Emperor of the French)
23
,
23n23
,
24
,
24n25
Narvik
156
,
171 –172
Nasser, Gamal Abd-al-
92
,
327
National Archives
.
See
Belgium
national sentiment, Belgian
.
See
Belgium
nationalism/separatism/identity
.
See
language question
Nation Belge, La
64n54
,
114 –115n187
nato (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
250
,
250 –251n146 251
,
251n147
,
258
,
258n169
,
259 –261 265
,
265n193
,
266
,
275 –276 279
,
288
,
291
,
291n78
,
292
,
293n85
,
294 –297 297n100
,
298
,
300 –301 304 –306 308 –310 313
,
315
,
317
,
317n215
,
318
,
320 –321 323
,
325n261
,
328 –329 330n284
,
335
,
338 –341 346n345
,
348 –349 349n1
,
350
,
350n4–n5
,
350 –351n6 351
,
351n9
,
352
,
360
Nauru
272
,
288
,
365
Nazism/Nazis
37
,
55
,
58
,
66
,
98
,
139
,
139n37
,
141
,
155
,
219 –221 225 –227 234n100
,
322
,
333
,
342
,
352
Nazi-Soviet Pact
.
See
German-Soviet Pact of Non-Aggression
near-abroad
349
Neo-Classical Realism
.
See
see irt (IR Theories)
Neo-Liberal Institutionalism
.
See
see irt (IR Theories)
Neo-Realism
.
See
see irt (IR Theories)
Nepal
365
Netherlands, the
5
,
9
,
11
,
15 –16n2 18
,
21 –22 43 –44 46 –47n7 50
,
54
,
59
,
75
,
87n107
,
90
,
96n131
,
98
,
117n193
,
120
,
127
,
128 –129n4 143
,
153 –154 159
,
161 –162 162n112
,
166
,
172
,
172n139
,
177
,
179
,
179n153
,
185
,
194
,
203n21
,
213n40
,
219
,
223
,
240
,
249n142
,
302
,
310 –311 311 –312n188 312 –313 313n196
,
313 –314n198 314
,
314n203
,
315
,
315n207
,
316 –317 319
,
328
,
330
,
342
,
365
Neumann, Iver B.
279 –280
Neurath, Constantin
120
,
120n203
Neuray, Fernand
64n54
neutrality
2
,
6n15
,
7n16
,
10
,
28n39
,
29
,
104n146
,
107
,
112 –113 121 –122 124
,
126
,
155
,
203 –204 258 –259 279
,
287
,
290
,
292
,
296
,
303
,
312 –313 320 –321 324
,
338 –342 349
,
351
,
353 –354
Austrian neutrality
303 –304 306 –307 317
,
335
Belgian neutrality
ix –x xii
,
1 –2 4n6
,
10
,
16 –17 17n5
,
18
,
20
,
21
,
21n21
,
22
,
22n22
,
23
,
23n23
,
24 –26 26n33
,
26 –27n35 27 –28 29n43
,
29 –33 35
,
35n59
,
35 –36n60 36
,
36n62
,
37 –38 38n74
,
39 –40 40n77
,
42 –43 47 –48n9 48 –49n10 121 –122 127 –128 128 –129n4 213
,
213n41
,
330
,
342
,
348
Belgium’s return to neutrality 1936–40
ix
,
4 –5 10
,
41
,
46
,
46 –47n7 47 –48n9 53
,
64n54
,
86
,
86n105–n106
,
89n116
,
96
,
101
,
103 –105 105n148
,
106
,
109 –111 113 –114 114 –115n187 115 –120 124 –127 128n4
,
132n14
,
136
,
138
,
141
,
143 –144 153
,
156 –158 162
,
165
,
168 –169 169n128
,
170
,
172
,
174
,
176 –177 190 –191 194
,
223
,
229
,
244
,
258
,
274
,
313n196
,
342
,
347 –348 352
Congolese neutrality
33
,
39 –40 40n77
,
200
,
208
,
224
definition of neutrality
4 –6
Dutch neutrality
153
,
156
,
172n139
,
310 –311 311 –312n188 312 –313 313n196
,
331
Irish neutrality
307 –309 309n173
,
310
Luxemburger neutrality
15n1
,
39
,
45 –46 47 –48n9
Swedish neutrality
275
,
317
,
321
,
321n236
,
322 –323 329 –330
Swiss neutrality
306 –307 317
,
330 –332 331n291
,
334 –335
U.S. neutrality
142 –143 341n339
Neutrality Acts, 1935–37
142 –143
New Caledonia
273n1
Newnham, Jeffrey
4 –5
New Order (Ordre Nouveau/Nieuwe Orde)
217
New Zealand
140n40
,
213n40
,
314n203
,
365
ngos (Non-Governmental Organisations)
279
Nicaragua
213n40
,
365
nieo (New International Economic Order)
281
,
339
Niger
365
Nigeria
212n38
Nilsson, Claes
327n270
,
329
,
330n284
Nkrumah, Kwame
262
Nobel Peace Prize
139n37
,
321
nonalignment
ix
,
4 –5 6n15
,
10
,
28n39
,
40
,
104
,
117
,
133
,
143
,
273n1
,
279
,
290
,
304
,
317
,
321
,
330
,
338 –339 341 –342 347
,
349
,
349n1
,
353
Non-Intervention Agreement
.
See
Spanish Civil War
Nord, Philip
173 –174n141
Norden (Nordic Community)
298
Nordic Defence Union
317
norm entrepreneurship/norm entrepreneurs
279 –280 298
,
325 –326 337
North Borneo, Crown Colony of
282
Northern Ireland
308 –309
Norway
9
,
54
,
59
,
128 –129n4 153
,
156
,
169
,
171
,
179
,
213n40
,
250
,
275
,
277n7
,
292n82
,
303
,
305
,
314n203
,
317 –322 325 –326 329
,
331
,
365
,
367nh
Nothomb, Pierre
21n21
,
44
,
98
November Alert, 1939
159 –161
Ntuyanga, Bernard
268
Nuremberg Trials
167
Nuyten, Prudent
56
,
62
,
69
N-VA (Nieuw-Vlaamse Alliantie)
.
See
Belgium: political parties
Nye, Gerald P.
142
,
143n47
oas (Organization of American States)
288n67
,
290
Obama, Barack
315
,
329
obligatory work
214 –215 215n43
,
222
,
216
,
231
,
231n92
oda (Official Development Assistance)
326
oecd (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)
290
oecs (Organization of Eastern Caribbean States)
284
oeec (Organization of European Economic Cooperation)
249
Oest, Kajsa Ji Noe
288 –290
Office of Strategic Services (oss) Planning Group
231
Office Parlementaire Belge
211n36
Offshore Financial Centres (ofc)
285
,
338
O’Halpin, Eunan
308 –309
oic (Organization of Islamic Cooperation)
291
Oman
302n132
,
365
Operation Iraqi Freedom
288 –290
Orbàn, Viktor
301
osce (Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe)
296
,
335
Osland, Karl M.
329
Oslo Accords, 1993
321
Oslo Convention/Group
54
,
59
,
127n1
,
153 –154 154n90
,
312
Ostend
179
,
179n154
,
181
Oster, Hans
159
Ottawa Agreements
59
Ouchy Convention
59
Oudenarde/Oudinaarde
181
Overy, Richard
137n28
,
137n32
,
139n38
,
140n40
,
152n85
Ovey, Esmond
76n79
övp (Österreichische Volkspartei/Austrian People’s Party)
303n135
,
306
Pacific Ocean
272
,
288 –290 338
Pact of Steel, 1939
148 –149
Pakistan
314n203
Palau
272
,
288 –289 365
Palestine
212n38
,
361
Palestinians
268
,
327
,
328n272
Palmerston, Lord (Henry John Temple)
19
Panama
213n40
,
365
Panzer Divisions
152
,
172
,
175
,
177 –178 178n151
,
182
PA (Partisans Armées)
237
Papua New Guinea
365
Paraguay
365
Paris
64
,
196
Paris Accords, 1954
261
Paris Peace Conference/Settlement,1919
xii
,
42
,
44n3
,
45
,
56
,
59
,
60
,
63 –65 75
,
78
,
84n102
,
85n103
,
90
,
148
,
313n196
Parker, R. A. C.
80 –81n90 89n114
,
132n14
Parti Catholique Social
.
See
Belgium: political parties
Partij voor Vrijheid en Vooruitgang
.
See
Belgium: political parties
Parti Ouvrier Belge (pob)
.
See
Belgium: political parties
Parti pour la Liberté et le Progrès
.
See
Belgium: political parties
Partnership for Peace (PfP)
291 –292 297
,
305
,
309 –310 321
passivists
.
See
language question
Paternotte de la Vaillée, Alexandre
88n112
Paterson, Thomas G., et al.
142
,
155n96
path dependency
64n54
Paul-Boncour, Joseph
58n34
Pauwels, Henri
243n120
Peace Ballot, 1934–35
78
Pearl Harbor
213
Peemans, Françoise
x
perception/misperception in decision-making
25n28
Permanent Court of Arbitration, The Hague
311
Permanent Court of International Justice at The Hague
90
Pertinax (André Géraud)
114 –115n187
Peru
272
Pesu, Matti
324 –325
Pétain, Philippe
52
,
83 –84n100 196 –198 203
,
226
Petersen, Nikolay
318
Philippe/Filip (King of the Belgians)
359
Philippines, the
282
Phipps, Eric
67n61
Pholien, Joseph
135n24
,
192
,
192 –193n191 216
,
256
,
256n163
,
257
Phoney War (drôle de guerre/Sitzkrieg)
141
,
153
,
166
Picard, Edmond
21n21
,
131
Piercy, Michael R. H.
185n172
Pierlot, Hubert
70 –71n68 112
,
131
,
143 –144 144n49
,
157
,
157n99
,
157n102
,
160n108
,
161 –162 166 –167 167n127
,
168
,
171
,
176n148
,
180
,
180n156
,
181 –183 183n168
,
184
,
187 –188 187 –188n180 189 –190n184 193
,
193n192
,
198 –201 201n13
,
202
,
202n20
,
203
,
203n22
,
205 –207 207n28
,
208
,
208n29
,
209n30
,
211 –213 213n39
,
227
,
227n75
,
228n76
,
229
,
230n88
,
239
,
241n116
,
242 –243 253
,
253n153
,
358
Pillarization (Verzuiling)
259
Pirenne, Henri
18
,
21n21
Pirenne, Jacques
176n147
,
183n168
,
251n148
,
253
,
253n154
Piron, Jean-Baptiste
237 –238n106 239
Plan D (Dyle)
163n117
Plan of Work (Plan du Travail/Plan van de Arbeid)
51
,
72
,
73 –74n71
plebiscite on King Leopold iii, 12 March 1950
.
See
see Leopold iii
Pleven, René
257
Poincaré, Raymond
52
Poitiers
192
,
198
Poland
28 –29n41 52
,
55
,
60n42
,
66 –67n59 77n80
,
83 –84n100 88n112
,
133
,
139n38
,
141
,
148
,
148n67
,
148n70
,
149
,
149n72–n73
,
150 –151 151n80
,
152 –153 153n88
,
154
,
156
,
162
,
165
,
190
,
213n40
,
250 –251n146 261
,
270n202
,
292n82
,
297n100
,
300 –301 349
,
350n4
,
351
Polasky, Janet
xii
,
111n169
Polish Corridor
151
Polish-German Non-Aggression Pact, 1934
66
,
88
,
148
political parties
.
See
Belgium
Political Science
10
,
355
Political Testament
.
See
see Leopold iii
politics (domestic/internal)
ix
,
4
,
8 –9 13
,
29
,
31 –32 32n50
,
36 –38 41
,
42
,
45 –46 46 –47n7 48 –49 54 –55 55n25
,
62
,
70
,
77
,
83
,
86n106
,
96
,
101 –102n140 104 –105 108
,
109 –110n165 110 –111 117
,
121 –126 128 –129n4 129
,
132 –133 143
,
155
,
169 –171 184
,
195
,
244
,
247 –248 249 –250n144 257 –259 265 –266 270 –271 274
,
302
,
342
,
347 –348 352 –354
Ponting, Clive
140n39
,
171 –172n137
Popular Front (France)
81
,
96
,
96 –97n132 97
,
97n133
,
102
,
105n148
,
108
,
114 –115n187 137 –138n33 173
,
352
Portugal
43
,
75
,
98
,
154
,
203 –204 250
,
275
,
304
,
316
,
365
Porch, Douglas
173
,
173 –174n141
Posen, Barry R.
140 –141n41 148n70
,
173 –174n141
Positivism
354
Postmodernism
354
Poulet, Robert
236
Poullet, Prosper
53 –54n20 73
,
73n71
pows (Prisoners of War)
186
,
209n30
,
214
,
224
,
357 –358
PP (Parti Populaire)
.
See
Belgium: political parties
ppp (Purchasing Power Parity)
344
,
362
Prasad, Naren
338
Prégny on Lac Leman, Switzerland
252
press censorship
23n23
,
25
,
155 –156 165 –166 212n37
,
214
Press, Daryl G.
341n339
press/public opinion
25
,
31
,
32n51
,
45
,
46n7
,
56
,
58
,
58n35
,
62
,
62n48
,
69
,
77
,
77n80
,
85
,
92
,
106
,
108 –109 110n165
,
114 –115n187 115
,
120
,
120n204
,
123
,
126
,
128
,
128n2
,
135 –136 136n26
,
140
,
144
,
151n79
,
161
,
165
,
169 –170 193n192
,
194
,
211n35
,
226 –227 231
,
353
Primat der Innenpolitik
347
Primo de Rivera, José Antonio
129
prl (Parti Réformateur Libéral)
.
See
Belgium: political parties
process tracing
337
,
355
propaganda
38
,
38n74
,
39
,
74
,
166
,
197
,
233
Provoost, Guido
61n47
,
62n48
,
77n80
,
83n98
,
86n105
Prussia
.
See
Germany
PS (Parti Socialiste)
.
See
Belgium: political parties
psb (Parti Socialiste Belge)
.
See
Belgium: political parties
psc (Parti Social Chrétien)
.
See
Belgium: political parties
ptb (Parti du Travail de Belgique – part of national Workers’ Party of Belgium)
.
See
see Belgium: political parties
pvda (Partij van de Arbeid van België – part of national Workers’ Party of Belgium)
.
See
Belgium: political parties
Qatar
302n132
,
317
,
365
qualitative analysis
355
quantitative analysis
355
Quisling, Vidkun
320
Raben, Remco
316
racism
77n80
,
271
radar (radio detection and ranging)
140
,
140 –141n41
Raquez, Georges L. E.
94n128
,
117
Raxhon, Philippe
26
,
264n191
Realism
.
See
see irt (IR Theories)
rearmament
Belgian
41
,
114 –115 122 –123 126
,
129
,
274
,
343
,
347
,
352
British
75
,
78
,
80 –81n90
French
56n27
,
77n80
German
41
,
60
,
62
,
62 –63n49 63
,
65
,
75 –76 75
,
75n75
,
76
,
125
,
257
Red Sea
327
réduit strategy
333
refugees
130
,
181
,
187 –188 204
,
226n72
,
267
,
292
,
301
,
323
,
326
,
326n272
,
333 –334 344
Reinberger, Hellmuth
167
Reiter, Dan
28n38
,
54n21
,
124 –125 337
Relecom, Xavier
97
Rendall, Matthew
20
Renkin, Jules
49
reparations
39
,
43
,
52
,
59
Resistance, the
215 –218 220 –221 231
,
236 –237 237n105
,
237 –238n106 238
,
238n107
,
239
,
239 –240n110 242
,
242n118
,
245
,
251
,
320
Rexism/Rexists
.
See
Belgium: political parties
Reynaud, Paul
83 –84n100 116
,
187
,
187n178–n179
,
188 –189n182 190
,
190 –191n185 191 –192n189 196 –197 197n2
Rhineland
52 –53 53 –54n20 81 –82 82n95
,
83 –84n100 84n102
,
85
,
85n103
,
86 –87 87n107
,
88
,
88n112
,
90 –92 93n124
,
94
,
103
,
109
,
114 –115 136
,
247 –248 348
Ribbentrop, Joachim von
67n61
,
149
,
164 –165
Rich, Norman
78n84
,
135n25
Rickli, Jean-Marc
306 –307 335
Riedinger, Georges
84n101
,
118
Right to Protect (R2P)
345
Rijckmans, Pierre
200
,
200n10
,
210
Ritchie, Douglas E.
211n36
Roberts, Geoffrey
249n142
Rochet, Bénédicte
239
,
239 –240n110
Rolin, Henri
80n89
,
102
,
103n142
,
105n148
,
106
,
121 –122 122n207
,
129 –130n6 136
,
170
Romania
55
,
88
,
148 –149 149n73
,
250 –251n146 261
,
291 –292 292n82
,
299
,
365
Rome-Berlin Axis
133
Rood, Jan
313
Roon Ger van
90
Roosevelt, Franklin D.
142
,
192n190
,
196
,
197n2
,
207 –208 208n29
,
211n35
,
212n38
,
213
,
213n39
,
232 –233 244
Rothstein, Robert
17n5
,
28n39
,
47 –48n9 86n106
,
277
Rotterdam
178 –179 179n153
Round Table Conference, 1960
263
Royal Question
.
See
see Leopold iii
Ruanda-Urundi
44
,
145
,
147
,
200
,
238 –239n108 261 –263
Rubbens, Edmond
70 –71n68 73n71
Rundstedt, Gerd von
177
,
182
,
205
Russia/Soviet Union (U.S.S.R.)
11
,
18
,
20
,
20 –21n19 22 –23 23n23
,
25 –26 29n42
,
30
,
32n51
,
45
,
46 –47n7 65 –67 69
,
74 –75 77
,
77n80
,
97
,
120
,
129 –130n6 130
,
130n8
,
137n30
,
139n38
,
140n40
,
149
,
149n72–n73
,
150
,
150n77
,
152
,
154 –155 156n97
,
171
,
203
,
211 –212 212n37
,
213n40
,
214
,
214n42
,
216
,
217n47
,
218
,
237
,
244 –245 248 –249n141 249n142
,
250 –251 260
,
264 –266 274 –275 278n14
,
287
,
290 –291n77 294 –295 295n91
,
296 –297 297n100
,
299
,
300n121
,
303
,
314n203
,
320
,
322 –325 327
,
335
,
339 –340 342
,
346n345
,
348 –350 350n4
,
350 –351n6 351 –352 359
Russo-Finnish Treaty, 1992
324
Ruthenia
141
,
142n43
Ruzagyura Famine
238 –239n108
Rwanda
265 –266 266 –267n196 267 –268 316
,
365
Ryan, Curtis R.
302n133
SA (Sturmabteilung/Storm Detachment)
62 –63n49 155
Saakashvili, Mikhail
295
Saar Basin
141
,
151n80
,
153
,
247
Sabić, Senada Selo
292
Sabra and Chatila (Lebanon)
268
Saerens, Lieven
235n103
Saint Kitts and Nevis
272
,
284
,
365
Saint Lucia
272
,
284
,
319
,
365
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
272
,
284
,
365
Salazar, Antonio Oliveira
98
,
204
Salmon, Patrick
321
Samardzya, Visnja
292
Samoa
272
,
288
,
365
Sandler, Rickard
323
San Francisco Conference, 1945
241
,
244
,
361
San Marino
272
,
288
,
288n65
,
292n82
,
365
Sankt-Vith
.
See
Belgium: Eastern Cantons
São Tomé and Principe
272
,
316
,
365
Sap, Gustave
68n62
,
69 –70 70n66
,
133
,
133n18
,
161
Sarawak, Crown Colony of
282
Sardinia-Piedmont
23n23
,
29n42
Sargent, Orme
104n145
Sarraut, Albert
81
,
94
Sas, Gijsbertus
159
Scandinavia/Scandinavian States
90
,
120
,
141
,
143
,
154
,
156
,
171
,
171 –172n137 194
,
300
,
302
,
317
,
318n218
,
320
,
325 –326 328
,
325 –328 337
Scheldt River (Escaut/Schelde)
43
,
48
,
62n48
,
95
,
163n117
,
181
Schengen Area/Convention
292
,
292n82
,
300 –301 305
Schlieffen Plan
154
,
177
Schmidt, Paul
92n123
,
223 –225 224n63
Schroeder, Paul W.
ix –x 2
,
2 –3n4 4
,
18 –19 19 –20n17 20
,
27 –29 29n42
,
124
,
276n4
,
351
Schuker, Stephen A.
91 –92 92n123
,
173
Schuman, Robert
257
Schuschnigg, Kurt von
92n123
Schweisguth, Victor-Henri
94n128
,
95
Schweller, Randall L.
123 –124 352
sea (Single European Act) 1986
304
Second World War
.
See
see World War ii
securitization
.
See
security
security
7
,
10
,
13
,
28
,
33
,
41 –42 46
,
47 –48n9 48 –49n10 54
,
61 –62 64n54
,
65
,
69
,
83 –84n100 117n193
,
122n208
,
125
,
184
,
240
,
250
,
250n145
,
266
,
273 –274 277
,
280n19
,
283
,
285
,
289 –290 295
,
295n91
,
297
,
299
,
302
,
302n133
,
309
,
313
,
317
,
320 –321 326
,
328
,
335 –337 341 –343 345 –346 347 –348 350
,
352 –354
collective security
20
,
47
,
47 –48n9 55
,
78
,
81
,
81n92
,
102 –104 108
,
121
,
136
,
335
,
338
,
341
,
345
,
348
,
352
securitization
318n218
,
345
,
345 –346n344
security community
20n19
,
104
,
345
,
350
,
350n5
security dilemma
8
,
56n27
,
109
,
274
,
349
security community
.
See
security
security dilemma
.
See
security
Security Policy Report, 1993 and 2000 (Switzerland)
335
Sedan, Battle of 1870
26 –27n35 29n43
Sedan, Battle of 1940
172
,
178
,
178n150
,
178n152
,
182
self-help
.
See
International Relations
Senegal
366
Sengier, Edgar
232n96
September Programme (German war aims, 1914)
36 –37
Serbia
291 –292 304
,
306
,
314
,
366
,
367ng
Seward, William H.
24
Seychelles
272
,
366
sfor (Stabilization Force)
305n148
sgb (Société Générale de Belgique)
70
,
145 –146 215
shape (Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe)
265
Sharon, Ariel
268
Shaw, Timothy M.
286
Siegfried Line
151n80
Sierra Leone
366
Sikkink, Kathryn
325
Simon, John
61n46
,
67
,
75
Simpson, Archie W.
288
Sinai Peninsula
327
Singapore
281 –283 366
Singapore Cooperation Programme (scp)
283
Singapore Model of Development (smd)
283
Singer, J. David
27
Six Day War, June 1967 (also known as Third Arab-Israeli War)
302
,
327 –328
Slovakia
141
,
142n43
,
250 –251n146 270n202
,
292
,
300 –301 366
,
367nd
,
367nj
Slovenia
250 –251n146 291
,
304
,
366
,
367nb
,
367nk
Small, Melvin
27
small states
.
See
states
Smith, Charles D.
328n272
Smith, Leonard V.
44n3
Smith, M. L.
123n211
smugglers
222n58
Social Pact, 1944
240
,
240n112
Soete, Gérard
264n191
Soloman Islands
272
,
288 –290 366
Somalia
329
,
366
Sonderbund War, 1847
330
Soudan, Eugène
73n71
,
131
,
134
,
167n127
,
171
,
189 –190n184
South Africa, Union of
213n40
South Ossetia
295
South Sudan
366
,
367nl
SP.A (Socialistische Partij Anders/Alternatief)
.
See
Belgium: political parties
Spaak, Paul-Henri
73
,
97
,
99
,
101
,
101 –102n140 102
,
105
,
105n148
,
106 –108 109n163
,
109 –110n164 110 –112 114 –117 122
,
122n208
,
127 –128 130 –131 131n10
,
132 –135 135n24
,
138
,
143
,
157
,
157n99
,
161 –162 164
,
166
,
168
,
170 –171 176 –177 177n149
,
179 –184 187
,
187n179
,
189
,
189 –190n184 192 –193 198 –203 203n22
,
205 –207 207n28
,
208
,
208n29
,
209
,
209n30
,
209 –210n31 210n33
,
211
,
211n35–n36
,
213n39
,
228
,
228n76
,
240 –242 242n118
,
243
,
243n120
,
243 –244n121 244 –245 246n131
,
249
,
249 –250n144 250 –251 251n147
,
252
,
252n151
,
253
,
254n156
,
255
,
256n160
,
260
,
265
,
358
Spain
17
,
106
,
129 –134 134n21
,
154
,
196
,
203 –204 250 –251n146 277n7
,
288
,
292
,
304
,
314n203
Spanish Civil War
129 –130 129 –130n6 130n9
,
131n10
,
132
,
132n14
,
143
,
167
,
195
,
342
,
352
International Brigades
130 –131
Non-Intervention Agreement, 1936
129
,
132
,
132n14
Spears, Edward
172 –173n140
spö (Sozialistische Partei Österreich/Socialist Party of Austria)
303n135
,
304
,
306
Srebrenica
314
Sri Lanka
319
,
366
SS (Schutztaffel/Protection Squadron)
62 –63n49 179n153
,
216
,
218
,
221
sss (Small States Studies)
277
,
279
,
336 –338
Stalin, Joseph
65 –66 69
,
77
,
77n80
,
97
,
130
,
130n8
,
137n30
,
149 –150 150n77
,
154 –155 195
,
211
,
244
,
250
,
290 –291n77 352
Standaard, De
58n35
,
68n62
,
133
Stanhope, Lord (James Stanhope, 7th Earl Stanhope)
103n142
Stanley, Henri Morton
34n56
Stanleyville (Kisangani)
264
states
failed states
281
,
286
,
344
great powers
xii
,
1 –2 3n4
,
5 –6 8
,
10
,
10n37
,
11
,
13
,
15
,
15 –16n2 17n5
,
18 –19 20n17
,
20n19
,
21 –22 22n22
,
25
,
28
,
28n39
,
28 –29n41 29n42
,
33
,
56
,
59
,
64
,
65n57
,
84n102
,
86n106
,
104 –105 129
,
132n14
,
133
,
139n38
,
153
,
244
,
274
,
278
,
289
,
316
,
317n215
,
325
,
330
,
342 –343 346
,
353
micro-states
250
,
272
,
273n1
,
283
,
286 –290 319
,
338
,
361
middle powers
278
,
278n15
,
355
small states
ix
,
6 –10 11 –12n38 13 –14n40 28n39
,
45
,
54
,
59
,
86n106
,
124
,
223
,
271
,
272 –279 279n16
,
279 –280n17 280 –282 284 –285 290
,
295n91
,
298
,
302
,
316
,
318n218
,
325
,
330
,
336 –339 342 –346 347
,
353
,
355
,
361 –368
strong states
7n16
,
280
,
346
weak states
6 –7 7n16
,
8 –11 14
,
14n40
,
124
,
272 –274 276 –279 279 –280n17 280 –281 290
,
295n91
,
302
,
302n132
,
336 –337 339
,
342
,
344 –346 348
,
349n1
,
352 –353
Stengers, Jean
x
,
18
,
25
,
32n51
,
33 –34 111n168
,
182n165
,
183n168
,
187 –188n180 191
,
192 –193n191 201 –202 207n28
,
224
,
224 –225n66 226n72
,
252n151
,
262 –263 359
Steiner, Zara
78n83
,
81n92
,
130n7
,
137n30
,
151n80
Steinmetz, Robert
337 –338
Straits of Tiran
327
Straeten-Pontoz, Robert van der
213n39
Strang, G. Bruce
150n77
Streel, José
221
,
221n55
Stresa Front
76
,
78
,
87 –88
Strikwerda, Carl J.
100 –101
Strobl, Lake Sankt-Wolfgang, Austria
241
,
242n117
,
251n148
Struye, Paul
188
,
188 –189n182 189 –190n184 193n192
,
210
,
212n37
,
218n49
,
222n58
,
224
,
226 –227 227n74
,
231
,
239
,
249 –250n144
Stuka Dive-Bomber
133
,
178
Sudetenland
135 –136 135n25
,
138
Suez Canal/Crisis
79 –80 92
,
327
Sundelius, Bengt
321
Surinam
284
,
366
Sverdrup, Ulf
320
Swaziland (eSwatini)
366
,
368nm
Sweden
54
,
59
,
153
,
275 –276 277n7
,
292n82
,
298
,
303
,
305 –306 314n203
,
315n207
,
317
,
321 –323 321n236
,
325 –327 327n270
,
329
,
330n284
,
331 –332 335
,
339 –341 351
,
366
,
367nh
Swedish neutrality
.
See
neutrality
Swiss neutrality
.
See
neutrality
Switzerland
5
,
59
,
75
,
120
,
154
,
192
,
220
,
252
,
270n202
,
275
,
285
,
287 –288 292n82
,
302
,
306 –307 330 –336 339 –340 366
Syria (Syrian Arab Republic)
292
,
302n132
,
327
,
366
,
368nn
Syriza (Coalition of the Left)
293
system-level of analysis
.
See
levels of analysis
Tabouis, Geneviève
114 –115n187
Tajikistan
295
,
366
Taiwan (Republic of China)
281 –282 361
,
361n3
Talbott, Strobe
350n4
Talleyrand (Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord)
19
Tardieu, André
52 –53n15 56n26
Tardy, Thierry
305n148
,
314n203
,
314 –315n204
Taylor, A. J. P.
20n17
,
80n89
,
80 –81n90 81
,
91n119
,
150
,
150n77
,
150 –151n78 152n85
Taylor, Ian
282
Terfve, Jean
246n131
terrorism
269 –270 279
,
285 –286 297
,
302
,
317 –319 335
,
344
,
345 –346n344 352 –353
Teschen (Trans-Olza/Cieszyn)
139n38
Tetlock, Philip E.
3
Thailand
282
Thant, U, 327
Theunis, Georges
49
,
70
,
70 –71n68 72
,
72n70
,
73
,
208 –209 209n30
,
213n39
Thielemans, Marie-Rose
x
Third World
263
,
273n1
,
281
,
316 –317
Thirty Years’ War, 1618–48
322
Thomas, Daniel H.
xii
Thone, Georges
247
Thorhallsson, Baldur
319
,
338
Thucydides’ Melian Dialogue
280
Timur-Leste
366
Tito, Josip Broz
290 –291
Tjarda van Starkenborgh, Alidius
87n107
Todd, Lisa M.
38n74
Togo
366
Toje, Asle
280n19
Tonga
272
,
288
,
290
,
366
Trachtenberg, Marc
173
,
260 –261
transcending
.
See
International Relations
Transnistria (Transnistrian Moldovan Republic)
296
treaties of guarantee
15n1
Treaties of London, 1839
ix
,
1
,
4
,
15
,
15n1
,
17 –18 29n42
,
31
,
35
,
40n77
,
42
,
330
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, 1918
74
Treaty of Brussels, 1948
260
Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance, 1948
275
,
317
,
324
Treaty of Lisbon, 2008
307
Treaty of Locarno, 1925
41
,
46
,
48
,
52 –54 57 –58 60 –61 61n46–n47
,
62
,
64
,
64n54
,
67 –68 76 –79 81 –83 83 –84n100 84n101
,
85 –87 87n107
,
88 –90 90n117
,
91 –92 92n123
,
93
,
93n124
,
93n126
,
102 –103 104
,
104n145
,
106
,
108
,
108n162
,
111n169
,
116 –117 119 –120 125 –127 127n1
,
342 –343 348
Treaty of London, 1867
39
,
46
Treaty of Maastricht, 1992
305
,
318
,
321
Treaty of Paris, 1951
257
,
261
Treaty of Tartu, 1920
297
Trinidad and Tobago
284 –285 366
Trump, Donald
270n202
,
343
,
344 –345n343 346n345
Tshombe, Moise
264
Tsipras, Alexis
293
Tunisia
302
,
366
Turkey/Ottoman Empire
29n41
,
148
,
277n7
,
291
,
293 –294 314n203
,
319
Turkmenistan
295
,
366
Tutsis
147
,
267
Tuvalu
272
,
288
,
366
Tuyll van Serooskerken, Hubert P. van
313n196
Tyrrell, William
53
uae (United Arab Emirates)
302n132
,
366
udb (Union Démocratique Belge)
.
See
Belgium: political parties
Uganda
267
Ukraine
66
,
218
,
278n14
,
287
,
295 –296 296n98
,
298
,
314n203
,
323 –324 349
,
349n1
ulb (Université Libre de Bruxelles)
x
,
xiii
Umberto (Prince of Italy)
167
umhk (Union Minière du Haut-Katanga)
145
,
232n96
,
264
unamir (United Nations Assistance Mission in Rwanda)
266 –267
UN Blue Helmets
267 –268 314
,
327n270
UN Charter
6
,
12 –13n39 241
,
244
,
251
,
275
,
287
,
307
,
310
,
324
,
335
,
345
,
367nb
UN Convention on Genocide, 1948
290 –291n77
unef (United Nations Emergency Force)
326 –327 327n270
UN General Assembly
244
,
251
,
270
,
281
,
286n55
,
287
,
315
,
319
,
326
,
361n3
,
367nb–nd
,
367nf–ng
,
367nj–nk
unificyp (United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus)
327n270
unifil (UN Interim Force in Lebanon)
310n178
,
314
uni-multipolar system
.
See
International Relations,
United Kingdom
5
,
10n37
,
11
,
15n1
,
20
,
20 –21n19 22 –23 23n23
,
24 –25 28
,
30
,
33 –40 45
,
45n4
,
46 –47n7 47 –48n9 57
,
59
,
61
,
65n57
,
66
,
68
,
71
,
74 –75 78 –79 81 –82 82n94
,
85
,
87 –89 89n114
,
90 –93 94n128
,
95n130
,
103
,
104n145
,
106 –107 119
,
119n197
,
122n209
,
123
,
125 –126 131 –132 132n14
,
135
,
135n23
,
137n32
,
138 –139 139n38
,
141 –142 144
,
148
,
148n67
,
149n72–n73
,
150n77
,
151
,
151n80
,
152 –157 161
,
161n111
,
163
,
163n117
,
165 –166 168
,
171
,
173 –174n141 176
,
176n148
,
177 –179 182 –184 185n171
,
186
,
194
,
196 –197 197n2
,
198 –201 203 –204 206 –209 209n30
,
210 –211 211n35–n36
,
213n40
,
214n42
,
223
,
225
,
233
,
237
,
246 –247 249n142
,
250
,
275
,
290
,
292n82
,
293 –294 307 –308 314n203
,
315n207
,
316
,
319
,
333
,
342
,
344n342
,
347 –348 351
,
357 –358
United Nations’ Alliance/Declaration, 1942
212n38
,
213
,
213n40 –41 313
United Nations Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration
270
,
270n202
,
301
United Nations Organization
241
,
244
,
251
,
260
,
264
,
267
,
272 –273 276
,
280n19
,
283 –284 286n55
,
288n65
,
288n67
,
290 –291 294
,
296
,
303 –304 307
,
313
,
315n207
,
316 –317 327n270
,
329
,
335
,
348 –349 361 –368
United States of America (U.S. or U.S.A.)
8
,
23 –24 45
,
46 –47n7 59
,
65
,
92
,
120
,
130n8
,
142 –143 194
,
197
,
197n2
,
198
,
207
,
208n29
,
211
,
211n35
,
212n38
,
213
,
213n40–n41
,
214
,
214n42
,
231 –233 249
,
249n142
,
250 –251 251n148
,
260 –261 264 –265 267 –268 270
,
270n202
,
274
,
280n19
,
283
,
285
,
286n51
,
288 –290 294 –295 304
,
305n148
,
307 –309 313
,
315n207
,
316
,
329
,
334
,
339
,
341n339
,
343 –344 344n342
,
344 –345n343 346
,
346n345
,
348
,
350 –351n6 351
unit-or state-level of analysis
.
See
levels of analysis
universal manhood suffrage in Belgium
with plural votes, 1893
11
,
49
without plural votes, 1919
11
,
12n38
,
45
,
50
,
259
,
342
universal suffrage in Belgium, 1948
11
,
253 –254n155 254
,
259
unmibh (United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina)
305n148
UN Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda
266 –267n196 267
unoc (United Nations Operation in Congo)
327n270
UN peacekeeping missions
266 –267 275
,
305
,
305n148
,
309 –310 314 –315 314 –315n204 318
,
325 –327 327n270
,
328 –329 330n284
,
335
unprofor (United Protection Forces)
309 –310 314
,
314n203
,
314 –315n204
UN Security Council
244
,
268
,
288n67
,
305n148
,
306
,
319
,
326
,
361n3
,
367nd
,
367nj
UN Security Council Resolution 242, 1967
327 –328 328n272
UN Trusteeships
233
,
261 –262 359
d’Ursel, Louis
208 –209 209n30
Uruguay
366
U.S. neutrality
.
See
neutrality
U.S.S.R
.
See
Russia/Soviet Union
Ustasi
66
utmi/uhga (Union des Travailleurs Manuels et Intellectuels/Unie van Hand- en Geestesarbeiders)
220
Uwilingiyimana, Agathe
267
Uzbekistan
295
,
366
Vaesen, Joost
53n16
,
69n65
,
95n129
Vaïsse, Maurice
56n27
,
62 –63n49
Van Acker, Achille
242n118
,
243 –244 243 –244n121 246n131
,
249 –250n144 251n148
,
252
,
252n149
,
255
,
260
Van Alstein, Maarten
47n9
Van Bilsen, A. A. J.
262
Van Cauwelaert, Frans
70 –71n68
Van den Bergen, Édouard
94 –95 117 –118 118n195
,
163
,
168
,
169n128
Vanden Boeynants, Paul
265
Van den Branden de Reeth, Adrien
243 –244n121
Van den Dungen, Pierre
183n168
,
202n16
,
207n28
,
215 –216n44 222 –223n60 225n69
,
227n75
,
228n76
,
230n88
,
243n119
,
253n153
Van den Heuvel, Fernand
210
Van den Wijngaert, Mark
216 –217 230
Vanderpoorten, Arthur
167n127
,
180
,
183n168
,
189 –190n184 205
Vanderstappen, Tom
254n157
Vandervelde, Émile
xii
,
49
,
53
,
58
,
68n62
,
73
,
73n71
,
75
,
79
,
80n89
,
84n102
,
97
,
99
,
101
,
109 –110 109 –110n164 110n165
,
111n169
,
112
,
130 –131 131n10
Van de Wiele, Jef
218
Vandewoude, Émile
xi
Van Doorslaer, Rudi
257 –258 258n166
Van Ginderachter, Maarten
12n38
,
247n135
Van Glabbeke, Adolphe
243n120
Van Goethem, Herman
53 –54n20 209n30
,
213n41
,
225 –226 228
,
256n162
,
359
Van Houtte, Jean
256n163
Van Isacker, Philippe
70 –71n68 73n71
Vanlangenhove, Fernand
60n40
,
72
,
72
,
74n72
,
84
,
84n102
,
86
,
86n105
,
89n116
,
95 –96 96n131
,
101 –102n140 103
,
107 –108 109 –110n164 112
,
122n208
,
127n1
,
213n41
Vannuteli Rey, Luigi
61n46
Van Overstraeten, Raoul
48 –49n10 87n107
,
95n130
,
107n160
,
109
,
122n208
,
158
,
161n111
,
162
,
162n112
,
163
,
167 –168 169n128
,
180 –181 184 –185 185n171
,
209n30
,
219n51
,
223n62
,
229
Van Roey, Jozef-Ernest, Cardinal
133n17
,
193
,
221
,
221n55
,
230 –231 258n168
Van Severen, Joris
51
,
98
,
181
,
218
Vansittart, Robert
67n61
,
85n103
,
119
Vanthemsche, Guy
xi
,
34n56
,
146n54
,
146n55
,
146n54–n55
,
210
,
224n64
,
262
Vanuatu
272
,
288 –289 366
Vanwelkenhuyzen, Jean
63n51
,
86n105
,
100n137
,
101n139
,
109 –110n164 110n165
,
109 –110n164 112
,
116n190
,
174
,
185n172
,
190 –191n185 191n187
Van Zeeland, Paul
68n62
,
69 –70 70n66
,
72 –73 73 –74n71 80
,
80n89
,
84 –88 88n110
,
89
,
90n117
,
91
,
95
,
97
,
99
,
100n136
,
101
,
101 –102n140 102 –104 106 –107 107n160
,
109 –110n164 115
,
117
,
122
,
122n208
,
131
,
131n10
,
133
,
133n17–n18
,
134
,
143
,
240
,
253 –254n155 256
Van Zuylen, Pierre
82n94
,
95n130
,
101 –102n140 104n145
,
106 –108 112
,
120n200
,
127 –128 128n2
,
162
,
164n118
Vatican City (Holy See)
288
,
288n65–n66
,
292n82
Vauthier, Marcel
183n168
VB (Vlaams Belang, former Vlaams Blok)
.
See
Belgium: political parties
Velaers, Jan
53 –54n20 209n30
,
213n41
,
225 –226 228
,
256n162
,
359
Venezuela
272
,
284
Verbelen, Robert Jan
236
Verbond Vlaamse Oud-Strijders (Union of Flemish Veterans)
77n80
Verdinaso
51
,
98
,
181
,
218
Verhoeyen, Étienne
216
,
222
,
227n75
,
237n105
,
257 –258 258n166
Verhofstadt, Guy
268
Versailles Treaty of 1919
.
See
Paris Peace Conference
Verschaeve, Cyriel
236
Verschaffel, Tom
15 –16n2
Vervust, Petra
34n56
Vesalius College
xi –xii
vev (Vlaams Ekonomisch Verbond)
222
V for Victory
211
,
211n36
Vichy
173
,
179
,
198
,
198n4
,
200 –203 208
,
247
Vienna
66
,
142n43
Vienna Settlement/system
19
,
21
,
330
Vietnam (Vietnam Wars)
282
,
339
,
346n345
Visigrad Group
301
Vital, David
277
,
336
vld (Vlaams Liberalen en Democraten, from 2007 Open vld)
.
See
Belgium: political parties
vnv (Vlaams Nationaal Verbond)
.
See
Belgium: political parties
Voix du Peuple, La
165 –166
vub (Vrije Universiteit Brussel)
xi –xiii
Waldheim, Kurt
304
,
304n141
Waever, Ole
345 –346n344
Wallenberg, Raoul
323
Wallonia
49 –50 54n22
,
56 –57n28 59
,
105
,
110
,
161
,
171
,
188
,
218 –219 236
,
246
,
254
,
266
,
266n195
,
276
Walloon nationalism/separatism
.
See
language question
Walt, Stephen M.
27
,
28n38
,
54n21
,
123 –125 302n133
,
337
Waltz, Kenneth N.
7
,
7n20
,
8
,
123
Wandycz, Piotr S.
88n112
Wanty, Émile
193
War Refugee Board
334
Warsaw Pact Organization
260 –261 295
,
303 –304 349
Washington Consensus
281
Wauters, Arthur
131n10
Wauters, Joseph
49
Watt, Donald Cameron
154
Wavre
163
,
177
WB (World Bank)
276n5
,
281
weak states
.
See
states
Wehrmacht
175
,
178
,
216
,
304
Weinberg, Gerhard L.
91 –92 152n85
West Bank of the Jordan River
327
,
367ne
West Germany
.
See
Germany
Westphalia, Treaty or System of, 1648
22n22
weu (West European Union)
250
,
259 –261 305
,
318
Weygand, Maxime
83 –84n100 180
,
180n157
,
181
,
187n178
,
193 –194n194 196
Wheatcroft, Andrew
140n40
White Fathers
.
See
Congo: missionaries
Wielenga, Friso
313 –314n201
Wiener, Jarrod
xiii
,
xiiin14
Wieviorka, Olivier
215n43
,
238n107
,
239 –240n110
Wight, Martin
28 –29n41
Wijnendaele, Castle of (confrontation at on 25 May 1940)
.
See
Leopold III
Wilhelmina (Queen of the Netherlands)
154
,
160
,
164
,
179
,
179n153
,
184 –185 185n171
Willem i (King of the Netherlands)
15 –16n2
Willequet, Jacques
x
,
53 –54n20 63n51
,
104n146
,
105n148
,
123
,
132
,
258 –259
Willigen, Niels van
314 –315
Wils, Lode
18
,
270n201
Wilson, Hugh
142
Wilson, Woodrow
44n3
,
45
,
212
Winter War, 1939–40
154 –155
Witte, Els
xi
,
99
Wivel, Anders
279
,
288 –290 295 –296 337 –338
women
11
,
204
,
215
,
215n43
,
219 –220n52 236
,
245
,
245n125
,
253 –254n155 254
,
276n5
,
287
World Economic and Monetary Conference, 1933
59
,
71
World War i
ix –xi 2 –3n4 6
,
10 –11 11 –12n38 18
,
20n19
,
21
,
28 –29n41 29n42
,
34 –35 35 –36n60 37
,
40
,
42
,
42n1
,
45
,
47 –48n9 48 –49n10 50
,
51n12
,
74
,
90
,
125
,
133
,
145
,
178n151
,
180
,
191 –192 194
,
207
,
213n41
,
214
,
219
,
236
,
239 –240n110 258
,
287
,
301
,
310 –312 313n196
,
322
,
331
,
341n339
,
342
,
345
,
358
Belgian war aims
ix –x 39
,
42 –43 43n2
,
44
,
44n3
,
45
,
45n4
casualties
43n2
World War ii
6
,
6n15
,
10
,
14
,
34
,
44n3
,
46 –47n7 51 –52n13 100n136
,
128 –129n4 152n85
,
153
,
153n88
,
155
,
188 –189n182 194
,
210
,
213
,
248n141
,
258 –259 287
,
303 –304 307 –308 309n173
,
310
,
313
,
316
,
320
,
322 –323 329
,
332
,
336
,
339
,
341
,
345
casualties
185
,
185 –186n173 191
,
193
,
193 –194n194 216 –217 214
,
214n42
,
233
,
237 –238n106 238 –239 238 –239n108
collaboration/collaborators
51
,
123
,
188
,
217 –218 217 –218n48 218n49
,
219
,
219 –220n52 220 –221 221n55
,
235 –236 236 –237n104 237n105
,
248
,
258 –259 320
,
357 –359
wto (World Trade Organization)
285
,
290
Wullus-Rudiger, J.-A.
191 –192n189
Wylie, Neville
332 –334 341 –342
Xenophobia
77n80
,
226
,
271
,
333 –334
Yalta Conference
212n38
,
244
Yannas, Prodromos
294
Yanukovych, Viktor
349n1
d’Ydewalle, Pierre van Outryve
112
Yemen
302n132
,
366
,
368no
Yom Kippur War, October 1973
328
Young, Robert
173
Ypersele, Laurence van
113n180
Yugoslavia
55
,
88
,
213n40
,
290 –291 290 –291n77 304
,
309 –310 327 –328 339
,
367nb
,
367ng
Ypres/Ieper
180
,
181n161
,
185n172
Yser/IJzer
180
,
188 –189n182
Zaïre
.
See
Congo
Zambia
366
Zetterlund, Kristina
327n270
,
329
,
330n 284
Zimbabwe
366
Zivilverwaltung
216
Zollverein
39