Abbreviations
Grammatical Abbreviations
| abs |
absolute |
| adj |
adjective |
| adv |
adverb |
| c |
common |
| con |
construct |
| conj |
conjunction |
| demon |
demonstrative |
| emph |
emphatic |
| f, fem |
feminine |
| impf |
imperfect |
| interj |
interjection |
| interr |
interrogative |
| intrans |
intransitive |
| m, mas |
masculine |
| n |
noun |
| n.a. |
not attested |
| p, pl |
plural |
| pf |
perfect |
| PPtc |
past participle |
| prep |
preposition |
| pro |
pronoun |
| ptc |
participle |
| s, sing |
singular |
| suff |
suffix |
| trans |
transitive |
| v, vb |
verb |
Shortened Titles of Frequently Referenced Grammatical Treatments
(See the bibliography for full bibliographical information.)
| Bar-Asher Siegal, Introduction |
Introduction to the Grammar of Jewish-Babylonian Aramaic |
| Bauer-Leander, Grammatik |
Grammatik des Biblisch Aramäischen |
| Beyer, ATTM |
Die aramäischen Texte vom Toten Meer |
| Cantineau, Grammaire |
Grammaire du palmyrénien épigraphique |
| Cantineau, Nabatéen |
Le nabatéen I |
| Cook, “Orthography” |
“The Orthography of Final Unstressed Long Vowels in Old and Imperial Aramaic” |
| Cook, Short Grammar |
A Short Grammar of Imperial Aramaic |
| Dalman, Grammatik |
Grammatik des jüdisch-palästinischen Aramäisch |
| Degen, Grammatik |
Altarämaische Grammatik der Inschriften des 10.–8. Jh. v. Chr. |
| Fassberg, Grammar |
A Grammar of the Palestinian Targum Fragments from the Cairo Genizah |
| Folmer, Aramaic Language |
The Aramaic Language in the Achaemenid Period |
| Golomb, Grammar |
A Grammar of Targum Neofiti |
| Gropp, Introduction |
The Aramaic of Targums Onkelos and Jonathan |
| Kutscher, Studies |
Studies in Galilean Aramaic |
| Lambdin, Introduction |
An Introduction to the Aramaic of Targum Onqelos |
| Macuch, Handbook |
Handbook of Classical and Modern Mandaic |
| Morgenstern, Studies |
Studies in Jewish Babylonian Aramaic Based upon Early Manuscripts |
| Müller-Kessler, Grammatik |
Grammatik des Christlich-Palästinisch-Aramäischen |
| Muraoka, Grammar |
A Grammar of Qumran Aramaic |
| Muraoka-Porten, Grammar |
A Grammar of Egyptian Aramaic |
| Nöldeke, Grammatik |
Mandäische Grammatik |
| Nöldeke, Syriac Grammar |
Compendious Syriac Grammar |
| Odeberg, Short Grammar |
The Aramaic Portions of Bereshit Rabba |
| Rosenthal, Grammar |
A Grammar of Biblical Aramaic |
| Rosenthal, Sprache |
Die Sprache der palmyrenischen Inschriften |
| Schattner-Rieser, L’ araméen |
L’ araméen des manuscrits de la mer Morte |
| Segert, Grammatik |
Altaramäische Grammatik |
| Tal, Language |
The Language of the Targum of the Former Prophets and its Position within the Aramaic Dialects |
Dictionary Abbreviations
(See the bibliography for full bibliographical information.)
| ChW |
Levy, Chaldäisches Wörterbuch über die Targumim und einen grossen Theil des Rabbinischen Schriftthums |
| DCPA |
Sokoloff, A Dictionary of Christian Palestinian Aramaic |
| DJA |
Sokoloff, A Dictionary of Judean Aramaic |
| DJBA |
Sokoloff, A Dictionary of Jewish Babylonian Aramaic of the Talmudic and Geonic Periods |
| DJPA |
Sokoloff, A Dictionary of Jewish Palestinian Aramaic of the Byzantine Period, 2nd ed. |
| DNWSI |
Hoftijzer and Jongeling, Dictionary of the North-West Semitic Inscriptions |
| DQA |
Cook, A Dictionary of Qumran Aramaic |
| DSA |
Tal, A Dictionary of Samaritan Aramaic |
| GTO |
Cook, A Glossary of Targum Onkelos |
| Jastrow, Dictionary |
Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli, and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature |
| LBA |
Vogt, A Lexicon of Biblical Aramaic |
| MD |
Drower and Macuch, A Mandaic Dictionary |
| SL |
Sokoloff, A Syriac Lexicon |
Targum Abbreviations
| FTP |
Fragment Targum Paris Manuscript |
| FTV |
Fragment Targum Vatican Manuscript |
| TgChr |
Targum Chronicles |
| TgEsth I |
Targum Esther I |
| TgEsth II |
Targum Esther II |
| TgJob |
Targum Job |
| TgJon |
Targum Jonathan |
| TgLam |
Targum Lamentations |
| TgOnq |
Targum Onqelos |
| TgProv |
Targum Proverbs |
| TgPs |
Targum Psalms |
| TgPsJ |
Targum Pseudo-Jonathan |
| TgQoh |
Targum Qoheleth |
| TgRuth |
Targum Ruth |
| TgSong |
Targum Song of Songs |
Dialect and Language Abbreviations
| Akk |
Akkadian |
| Arab |
Arabic |
| BA |
Biblical Aramaic |
| BH |
Biblical Hebrew |
| CPA |
Christian Palestinian Aramaic |
| Gk |
Greek |
| Heb |
Hebrew |
| IA |
Imperial Aramaic |
| JBA |
Jewish Babylonian Aramaic |
| JLA |
Jewish Literary Aramaic |
| JPA |
Jewish Palestinian Aramaic |
| Lat |
Latin |
| LJLA |
Late Jewish Literary Aramaic |
| MA |
Middle Aramaic |
| Nab |
Nabatean |
| OA |
Old Aramaic |
| Pal |
Palmyrene |
| Pers |
Persian |
| QA |
Qumran Aramaic |
| RH |
Rabbinic Hebrew |
| SA |
Samaritan Aramaic |
Other abbreviations follow the conventions in The SBL Handbook of Style, 2nd ed. Atlanta: SBL Press, 2014.