General notation
Roman symbols and abbreviations
Greek symbols
Unusual signs in equations
Unusual signs in texts
|
Symbol or abbreviation |
Meaning |
Section first use |
Remark |
|---|---|---|---|
|
General notation |
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x |
rate of growth [of any variable underlined] = (xt-1 – xt) / (xt-1) = Δx/x [time indices omitted] |
2§4, fn |
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xt |
rate of growth [of any variable underlined] = (xt-1 – xt) / (xt-1) |
2§4, fn |
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| x | |
limited value of a variable (x) |
2§5 |
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xP |
planned production value of a variable (x) |
3§10 |
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|
Roman symbols and abbreviations |
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å |
ratio of capital accumulation out of surplus-value (a variable; amplified in 3§11 and 5D1) |
2§3 |
a, ring |
|
Ag |
amenities (sum of subsidies to enterprises, to households and to cultural institutions) |
8§2 |
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B |
net current borrowing flow of the state (B < 0 in case of a fiscal surplus) |
8§4 |
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C |
consumption by households (Ck+Cw) |
3§10 |
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CB |
Central Bank |
2§9-a |
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CFg |
current finance of state expenditure (net) |
8§4 |
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CG |
consumer goods |
3§2-b |
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Ci |
[in italics] any commodity (other than commodity j) [used in this Explication only] |
1§4-c |
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Cj |
[in italics] any commodity (other than commodity i) [used in this Explication only] |
1§4-c |
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Ck |
consumption by capital owners |
3§10 |
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ClB |
Clearing Bank |
2§9 |
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CPE |
Classical Political Economy |
1§5-b |
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Cqg |
consumption out of interest paid by the state |
8§6 |
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Cw |
consumption by wage earners (enterprises) |
3§10 |
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Cwe |
[italics] consumption by enterprises’ wage earners (after the state domain being explicit) |
8§6 |
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Cwg |
consumption by the state’s wage earners |
8§6 |
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Czg |
consumption out of social security transfers |
8§6 |
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e |
rate of surplus-value (or profit per labour-year-compensation) [e = |
2§5 |
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E |
macroeconomic net expenditure |
3§10 |
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Ee |
final expenditure of the non-state sector with the enterprises sector |
8§6-b |
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Eg |
direct and indirect expenditure of the state sector with the enterprises sector |
8§6-b |
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FDI |
foreign direct investment |
11§10-b |
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Fg |
state expenditure on floating inputs, including replacement investment |
8§1 |
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G |
sum of state expenditure (net) |
8§2 |
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GCOL |
state expenditure on collective goods and services |
8§1 |
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GDP |
Gross domestic product |
1§14 |
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HIC |
high-income country (World Bank definition) |
11§2-a |
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I |
investment by enterprises (net) |
3§9 |
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i |
[in italics] average rate of interest for enterprises: the weighted average of the rates paid to banks and to other financiers |
5§1 |
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Ie |
[italics] net investment by enterprises (after the state domain being explicit) |
8§6 |
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Ig |
investment expenditure by the state (net) |
8§2 |
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|
i |
surplus-value distributed to external financiers |
5§1 |
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K |
active capital (value in terms of MVD): assets of balance sheet total |
1§13 |
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Kt |
idem, year average |
1§13 |
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Kt′ |
idem, at beginning of year t |
1§13 |
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L |
labour-capacity (amount of in going fte per year, unless specified as per hour) |
1§14 |
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LHS |
left hand side (of an equation) |
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LIC |
low-income country (World Bank definition) |
11§2-a |
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L |
actual labour (labour-capacity exerted at a power |
1§14 |
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LMC |
lower-middle-income country (World Bank definition) |
11§2-a |
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M |
money (amount) |
1§4-c |
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m |
actual unit monetary value of labour (per year, unless specified as per hour); more specifically: the realisation constraint resulting in the unit monetary value labour |
1§14 |
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mL |
actual monetary value of labour (realised) = net value-added |
1§14 |
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MP |
means of production |
3§2-b |
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MVD |
monetary value dimension |
1§4 |
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NDP |
Net domestic product |
1§14 |
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ø |
rate of undesired overcapacity (undesired overcapacity/production capacity) |
5§5 |
o stroke |
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OR |
other receipts of the state |
8§4 |
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PD |
sum of dividends and interest distributed to capital owners |
5§3, fn. |
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PVF |
pre-validating finance (of enterprises by banks) |
3§2 |
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Qe |
net interest paid by enterprises to their external financiers |
8§6-c |
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Qg |
interest payments on the state debt |
8§2 |
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R |
internal profit (surplus-value after interest payments) |
5§1 |
cf. 3§1, Fig. 3.2b |
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R |
[italics] internal profit (after the state domain being explicit) |
8§6-c |
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Rat |
internal profit, after taxes on internal profit (after the state domain being explicit) |
8§7a |
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RHS |
right hand side (of an equation) |
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ROC |
restructuring of capital |
4§2-b |
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RPVF |
remaining PVF (pre-validating finance of enterprises by banks) |
3§6 |
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S |
saving |
3§9 |
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Sg |
current saving of the state (the fiscal surplus TH– G) |
8§8 |
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Smg |
state mediated savings (Swg + Sqg + Szg) |
8§6 |
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SNA |
System of national accounts |
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Sqg |
saving out of interest paid by the state |
8§6 |
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SSC |
sum of social security contributions |
8§4 |
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Sw |
saving out of wages (wage earners enterprises) |
3§10 |
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sw |
fraction saved out of wages (non-constant) |
5§3 |
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Swe |
[italics] saving out of wages sum paid by enterprises (after the state domain being explicit) |
8§6 |
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Swg |
saving out of wages paid by the state |
8§6 |
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Szg |
saving out of social security transfers |
8§6 |
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T |
sum of taxes |
8§4 |
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TERP |
tendency to equalisation of average inter-sector rates of integral profit |
4§2 |
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TH |
‘hybrid taxes’ (simplifying notation: TH = Tsv + To + SSC + OR) |
8§8 |
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THo |
‘other hybrid taxes’ (simplifying notation: THo = To + SSC + OR) |
8§8 |
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To |
all other taxes, next to Tsv (the latter being enterprises’ taxes on surplus-value) |
8§7 |
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To* |
all other taxes, next to Tr (the latter being enterprises’ taxes on internal profit) |
8§7a |
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Tr |
taxes on the internal profit (R) |
8§7-a |
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Tsv |
taxes paid by enterprises, with surplus-value being the tax base |
8§7 |
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TUP |
tendency to uniform prices within a sector or market |
4§3 |
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U |
unemployment (number) [reserve of labour-capacity] |
2§4 |
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u |
rate of unemployment in % [u ={U/(L+U)}* 100] |
2§4 |
|
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UMC |
upper-middle-income country (World Bank definition) |
11§2-a |
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w |
wage rate (wage in going fte per year, unless specified as per hour) |
1§14 |
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W |
wages sum enterprises (W=wL) |
3§10 |
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We |
[italics] wages sum paid by enterprises (after the state domain being explicit) |
8§6 |
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Wg |
wages sum paid by the state (g for government) = wages of civil servants (before their taxes) |
8§1 |
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wL |
wages sum |
1§14 |
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Xd |
desired (current) production |
3§10 |
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Xt |
output of production per year (realised) |
1§14 |
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Y |
net value-added (macroeconomically this would be NDP) |
1§14 |
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Y |
[italics] net value-added total economy (after the state domain being explicit) |
8§6-b |
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Ye |
net value added enterprises (after the state domain being explicit) |
8§6-b |
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YG |
gross value-added (macroeconomically this would be GDP) |
1§14 |
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Yg |
net value-added (net product) of the state |
8§1 |
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Zg |
social security transfers |
8§2 |
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|
Greek symbols |
|||
|
|
production power of labour (in terms L |
1§14 |
alpha |
|
|
technique-associated productive power of labour (in terms L |
1§14 |
alpha, with tonos |
|
| |
limited production power of labour (because of limited intensity of labour) |
2§5 |
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|
fraction of the total assets K, equivalent to the used up fixed assets |
1§14 |
delta |
|
|
change [see also x] |
2§3 |
delta (capital) |
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|
share of ‘external’ finance in capital (banks plus other financiers) |
5§1 |
epsilon |
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|
external capital (passive capital furnished by external financiers) |
5§1 |
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|
intensity of labour (in terms L |
1§14 |
iota, with dialytika |
|
| |
limited intensity of labour (physical or compliance limit) |
2§5 |
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|
fraction of the total assets K, equivalent to the used up floating means of production (usually a larger sum than the sum that appears on the balance sheet) |
1§14 |
mu |
|
|
surplus-value (= integral profit) produced per year |
1§13 |
pi |
|
|
[italics] surplus-value (= integral profit), after the state domain being explicit |
8§6 |
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|
|
surplus-value, after taxes on surplus-value (after the state domain being explicit) |
8§7 |
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|
|
rate of internal profit on the internal capital |
5§1 |
rho |
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summation |
3§6-c |
sigma |
|
|
capital-labour ratio [ |
2§4 |
tau |
|
|
rate of integral profit ( |
1§13 |
omega |
|
Unusual signs in equations |
|||
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🢔 |
right hand side to left hand side determination |
1§14 |
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🢔 = |
equality with right to left hand determination |
1§14 |
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Unusual signs in texts |
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↓ |
decrease (e.g. I↓) |
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↑ |
increase (e.g. I↑) |
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→ |
results in / gives rise to |
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x – → y |
negatively related effect of x on y |
2§4 |
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x ← – y |
negatively related effect of y on x |
2§4 |
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x +→ y |
positively related effect of x on y |
2§4 |
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x ←+ y |
positively related effect of y on x |
2§4 |
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