Abbreviations and Sigla
Ancient Sources
| 𝔐 |
The Masoretic Text |
| 𝔐Par |
A similar (parallel) text drawn from a different section of 𝔐 |
| K |
Ketib |
| Q |
Qere |
| 𝔔 |
Qumran (the Qumran scroll under discussion) |
| 1QIsaa |
The Great Isaiah Scroll from Qumran Cave 1. Edition: Parry, Donald W., and Elisha Qimron, eds. 1999. The Great Isaiah Scroll (1QIsaa), A New Edition. Leiden: Brill. |
| 4QSama |
The Samuel Scroll from Qumran Cave 4. Edition: Cross, Frank M., Jr. 2005. Qumran Cave 4.XII: 1 and 2 Samuel, DJD XVII. Oxford: Clarendon Press. |
| 11QPsa |
The Psalms Scroll from Qumran Cave 11. Edition: Sanders, James A., ed. 1965. The Psalms Scroll of Qumran Cave 11 (11QPsa), DJD IV. Oxford: Clarendon Press. |
| ⅏ |
The Samaritan Pentateuch |
| ⅏b |
⅏ according to Blanc, Luis-Fernando Giron, ed. 1976. Pentateuco Hebreo-Samaritano, Genesis. Vol. 15, Textos y Estudios “Cardenal Cisneros”. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas. |
| ⅏g |
⅏ according to von Gall, August F., ed. 1914–1918. Der hebräische Pentateuch der Samaritaner. 4 vols. Giessen / Berlin (repr. 1966): Alfred Toepelmann. |
| ⅏s |
⅏ according to Sadaqa, A., and R. Sadaqa, eds. 1961–1965. Jewish and Samaritan Versions of the Pentateuch—With Particular Stress on the Differences between the Two Texts. Tel Aviv. |
| 𝔊 |
The Septuagint |
| 𝔊A |
Codex Alexandrinus of the Septuagint |
| 𝔊B |
Codex Vaticanus of the Septuagint |
| 𝔊Barb |
Codex Barberini of the Septuagint |
| 𝔊L |
The Lucianic tradition of the Septuagint |
| 𝔊-L |
The Septuagint except for the Lucianic tradition |
| αʹ |
Aquila |
| θʹ |
Theodotion |
| σʹ |
Symmachus |
| 𝔖 |
The Syriac Peshitta |
| 𝔗 |
The Aramaic Targumim (the Targum under discussion) |
| 𝔗J |
Targum Jonathan |
| 𝔗O |
Targum Onkelos |
| 𝔏 |
The Old Latin Translation |
| 𝔙 |
The Latin Vulgate |
| Ga |
Psalterium Gallicanum, Jerome’s Psalmi iuxta Septuaginta |
| Hier |
Hieronymous, Jerome’s Psalmi iuxta Hebraeos |
| iuxta Hebr. |
Psalmi iuxta Hebraeos, Jerome’s Latin version of the Hebrew text of the Psalms |
| iuxta Sept. |
Psalmi iuxta Septuaginta, Jerome’s revision of the Old Latin Psalms in which he was influenced by the Septuagint |
| LXX |
The Septuagint |
| Mur 88 |
The Minor Prophets scroll from Wadi Murabbaʿat. Edition: Benoit, P., Józef T. Milik, and R. de Vaux. 1961. Les grottes de Murabba’at, DJD II. Oxford: Clarendon Press. |
| 𝔓66 |
An early New Testament papyrus containing parts of the Gospel of John |
English Translations (in Chronological Order)
|
KJV |
The Authorized Version / King James Version (London) |
1611 |
|
LSR |
The Twenty-Four Books of the Holy Scriptures, trans. by Isaac Leeser (New York) |
1853 |
|
RV |
The Revised Version (Oxford/Cambridge) |
1885 |
|
ASV |
American Standard Version (Nashville) |
1901 |
|
JPS |
The Holy Scriptures According to the Masoretic Text (Philadelphia/New York) |
1917 |
|
JM |
A New Translation of the Bible, trans. by James Moffatt (London/New York) |
1924 |
|
AT |
An American Translation (Chicago) |
1931 |
|
RSV |
Revised Standard Version (London/Glasgow) |
1952 |
|
JB |
The Jerusalem Bible (London) |
1966 |
|
NAB |
The New American Bible (New York/London) |
1970 |
|
NEB |
The New English Bible (Oxford/Cambridge) |
1970 |
|
NASB |
New American Standard Bible (Carol Stream) |
1971 |
|
TEV |
Good News Bible / Today’s English Version (New York) |
1976 |
|
NIV |
New International Version (Grand Rapids) |
1978 |
|
NKJV |
The New King James Version (Nashville) |
1982 |
|
NJB |
The New Jerusalem Bible (London) |
1985 |
|
NJPS |
Tanakh, The New JPS Translation (Philadelphia) |
1985 |
|
NRSV |
New Revised Standard Version (New York/Oxford) |
1989 |
|
REB |
The Revised English Bible (Oxford/Cambridge) |
1989 |
|
CEV |
Contemporary English Version (New York) |
1995 |
|
NLT |
New Living Translation (Wheaton) |
1996 |
|
ESV |
English Standard Version (Wheaton) |
2001 |
|
NET |
New English Translation (NET); NET Bible (Richardson) |
2006 |
|
NABRE |
The New American Bible, Revised Edition (Washington, D.C.) |
2011 |
|
NIV11 |
A 2011 update to the New International Version (Colorado Springs) |
2011 |
|
ISV |
The Holy Bible: International Standard Version (Bellflower) |
2014 |
|
ET(s) |
English translation(s) |
Technical Terms
| col. |
Column |
| Em |
Conjectural Emendation |
| Em2 |
When more than one conjectural emendation is recorded, superscript numbers Em1, Em2, etc. are used to differentiate them. |
| frg. |
Fragment |
| frt |
fortasse (‘perhaps’) |
| Heb. |
Hebrew |
| l |
lege (‘read’) |
| lit. |
Literal(ly) |
| mrg. |
Margin, marginal note |
| Ms(s) |
Manuscript(s), referring in general to Hebrew Manuscripts from the Middle Ages |
| n. |
Note, footnote (in references) |
| Niq |
Niqud / נִקּוּד (vowel points, vocalization) |
| Niq2 |
When more than one alternate vocalization is recorded, superscript numbers Niq1, Niq2, etc. are used to differentiate them. |
| nn. |
Notes |
| ∅ |
Null, a way of marking the absence of a feature (an element, word, or words) |
| om. |
Omit(s) |
| pc |
pauci (‘a few’) |
| trsp. |
Transpose |
| v. |
Verse |
| vv. |
Verses |
| // |
A separator indicating parallel texts |
| [ ] |
A reconstructed text (in fragmentary texts) |
Bibliographical Abbreviations
| BDB |
Brown, Francis, S.R. Driver, and Ch.A. Briggs, eds. 1957. A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament. Corrected ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press. |
| CTAT |
Barthélemy, Dominique, et al. 1982–2005. Critique textuelle de l’ Ancien Testament, Rapport final du Comité pour l’ analyse textuelle de l’ Ancien Testament hébreu, OBO 50/1–4. Fribourg: Éditions universitaires; Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. |
| DJD |
Discoveries in the Judaean Desert (of Jordan). 1955–. Oxford: Clarendon Press. |
| GKC |
Kautzsch, E. and Cowley, A.E., ed. 1988. Gesenius Hebrew Grammar. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. |
| HALOT |
Koehler, Ludwig, M.E.J. Richardson, W. Baumgartner, and J.J. Stamm. 1994–2000. The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. 1st English ed. 5 vols. Leiden; New York: E.J. Brill. |
| HOTTP |
Hebrew Old Testament Text Project (see also HPR and CTAT) |
| HPR |
Barthélemy, Dominique, et al. 1979–1980. Preliminary and Interim Report on the Hebrew Old Testament Text Project / Compte rendu préliminaire et provisoire sur le travail d’ analyse textuelle de l’ Ancien Testament hébreu. 5 vols. New York: United Bible Societies. |
| LSJ |
Liddell, Henry G., Robert Scott, and Henry S. Jones. 1940. A Greek-English Lexicon. 9th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. |
| McC |
The English translation presented in McCarter, P. Kyle, Jr. 1980. 1 Samuel: A New Translation with Introduction, Notes and Commentary. Vol. 8, The Anchor Bible. Garden City: Doubleday. |
| PS |
Payne Smith, J., ed. 1903. A Compendious Syriac Dictionary, Founded upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D. Oxford / Winona Lake (repr. 1998): Oxford University Press / Eisenbrauns. |
| TCHB |
Tov, Emanuel. 2001. Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible. 2nd ed. Minneapolis and Assen: Fortress Press and Van Gorcum. |
| TCHB3 |
Tov, Emanuel. 2012. Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible. 3rd ed., Revised and Expanded. Minneapolis: Fortress Press. |
| TCU |
Tov, Emanuel. 1997. The Text-Critical Use of the Septuagint in Biblical Research. 2nd ed. Jerusalem: Simor. |
| TCU3 |
Tov, Emanuel. 2015. The Text-Critical Use of the Septuagint in Biblical Research. 3rd ed., Completely Revised and Expanded. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns. |
Critical Editions of the Hebrew Bible
| BH |
Biblia Hebraica (Kittel 1906) |
| BHK |
Biblia Hebraica Kittel (Kittel and Kahle 1937/62) |
| BHQ |
Biblia Hebraica Quinta (Schenker, et al., 2005–) |
| BHS |
Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia (Elliger and Rudolph 1967/77, 1983) |
| HBCE |
The Hebrew Bible: A Critical Edition (Hendel 2016–) |
| HUB |
The Hebrew University Bible (Goshen-Gottstein, et al., 1965–) |
Grammatical Terms
| 1st |
first person |
| 2nd |
second person |
| 3rd |
third person |
| constr. |
construct |
| dir. |
direct (with ‘obj.’) |
| impv. |
imperative |
| impf. |
imperfect |
| f(em). |
feminine |
| m(asc). |
masculine |
| obj. |
object |
| perf. |
perfect |
| pers. |
person |
| pl. |
plural |
| poss. |
possessive |
| prep. |
preposition |
| prn. |
pronoun |
| ptc. |
participle |
| sg. |
singular |
| suff. |
suffix |
Abbreviations Used in the Three-staged Analysis Presented in this Study
|
Used |
Used |
||
|---|---|---|---|
|
in text |
in tables |
||
|
V |
v |
Variant or variation |
|
|
Stage I |
TRV |
trv |
Translatable variant |
|
NTRV |
ntrv |
Non-translatable variant |
|
|
Stage II |
C |
c |
Correspondence (i.e. a noted similarity of form) |
|
NC |
nc |
Non-correspondence |
|
|
Stage III |
TC |
tc |
Textual correspondence |
|
NTC |
ntc |
Non-textual correspondence |
|
|
~ |
~ |
Marks a possible case, e.g. ~TC, ‘possible TC’ |
Additional Notations Used in Tables and Charts
| tcn |
Superscript ‘n’ indicates that an item (e.g. a textual correspondence) has been identified with the assistance of a marginal note or other committee note pertaining to the ET in focus. |
| tcb |
Superscript ‘b’ is like superscript ‘n’ but specifically indicates that the textual note appears in Brockington (1973) for the NEB. |
| tch |
Superscript ‘h’ is like superscript ‘n’ but specifically indicates that the textual note appears in Hartman (1970) for the NAB. |
| tcs |
Superscript ‘s’ is like superscript ‘n’ but specifically indicates that the textual note appears in “second phase” notes for the TEV (unpublished manuscript, used by permission). |
| ( ) |
Empty parentheses in a data table indicate that a marginal reading or note, rather than the main text of an ET, reflects the variant. |
| (𝔊) |
The source enclosed in parentheses in a stage-two detail reflects the variant in part or indirectly. |
| tc-𝔔 |
In the study of 4QSama (chapter 6, section II) some ET s reflect the variant under consideration but not on the basis of the scroll. In such a case, ‘tc’ is modified by—𝔔, ‘minus scroll.’ |
| x |
In the study of 4QSama (chapter 6, section II) some ET s reflect the variant under consideration but not on the basis of the scroll. In such a case, ‘x’ appears for that ET in the stage-three detail. |
| (ܡܢ ܟ݂ܝܢܗܘܢ) |
Readings entirely enclosed in parentheses in a data table reflect the variant in part or indirectly. |
| (κεφαλὰς) δυναστῶν |
If a reading is partially enclosed in parentheses, the enclosed words have been included to clarify the context and are not part of the formal equivalent. |
Biblical Books
| Gen |
Genesis |
| Exod |
Exodus |
| Lev |
Leviticus |
| Num |
Numbers |
| Deut |
Deuteronomy |
| Josh |
Joshua |
| Judg |
Judges |
| 1–2 Sam |
1–2 Samuel |
| 1–2 Kgs |
1–2 Kings |
| Isa |
Isaiah |
| Jer |
Jeremiah |
| Ezek |
Ezekiel |
| Hos |
Hosea |
| Joel |
Joel |
| Amos |
Amos |
| Obad |
Obadiah |
| Jonah |
Jonah |
| Mic |
Micah |
| Nah |
Nahum |
| Hab |
Habakkuk |
| Zeph |
Zephaniah |
| Hag |
Haggai |
| Zech |
Zechariah |
| Mal |
Malachi |
| Ps |
Psalms |
| Job |
Job |
| Prov |
Proverbs |
| Ruth |
Ruth |
| Cant |
Canticles / Song of Songs |
| Qoh |
Qohelet / Ecclesiastes |
| Lam |
Lamentations |
| Esth |
Esther |
| Dan |
Daniel |
| Ezra |
Ezra |
| Neh |
Nehemiah |
| 1–2 Chr |
1–2 Chronicles |