Index
Terms that are included in the glossary are marked with an asterisk (*).
Page numbers for definitions or detailed explanations are in boldface.
ab*
172
ablution, ritual
149, 185, 204, 238
ablution facilities and pools
133–134, 147–148, 178, 238, 249, 260
ʾAbraha (Abyssinian ruler over South Arabia, mid-6th c. CE)
50
Abū Dāwūd al-Sijistānī (d. 889)
81n30
Abu Dhabi, Emirate of
192–193
Abyssinians
10–11, 50
Achaemenids
191
Aden
10, 12
al-Afḍal al-ʿAbbās (r. 1363–1377)
65, 104, 110
aggregate
211–214, 216–217, 218, 224–225
al-aʿlā fa-l-aʿlā*
84
ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib (d. 661)
242–243, 248
alif*
247
Allah (Allāh)
.
see God
ʾAlmaqah
250–251
amulets
244n30
Ancient South Arabian (group of related languages)
15, 242
inscriptions in
19–20, 38
animal bones
142
animal fat
221, 223, 230
animal fodder
44, 47–48, 179, 202
animal husbandry
47–48
animal sacrifice
48, 254–255
animals
as beasts of burden
48
draught
34–35, 47–48, 141, 147, 204, 252n64
drinking water for
2, 29, 82, 178, 204, 209
for slaughter
48
Antiochus III (r. 223–187 BCE)
193
ʿāqil*
230–231
ʿaqm*
72n3, 78, 80
aquifer
1, 7, 31, 190, 191, 192n46
overexploitation of
176, 196
aridity
.
see climate: arid
aromatic substances
15
ash
36–37, 138
al-Ashraf Ismāʿīl I (r. 1377–1400)
65, 80, 88 table 4, 92, 93, 104, 108, 147
al-Ashraf Ismāʿīl III (r. 1438–1441)
147, 148
al-Ashraf ʿUmar (r. 1295–1296)
65n29, 66n30
astronomy
65n29, 110
al-Aʿwar, mosque of
249
ʿayn* (as outlet of a water reservoir)
183
Ayyubids in Yemen (1173–1228)
63–64, 103, 108n44
Bā Wazīr, ʿAbd al-Raḥīm ibn ʿUmar (d. 1346)
160, 184–186
Baghdad (Baghdād)
11, 61, 64
bān
45
bananas
66, 126
baraka*
255
barley
38, 47
base flow
68, 85 table 3, 86, 107, 118, 121, 260
basmala*
95–97
baṭṭ*
167
Bayt al-Shaykh
238
cistern of
238, 241, 249, 258
ben tree (Moringa aptera)
45
binder (in waterproof lining)
215n7, 216, 217 table 11, 218, 224, 225
birka*
as open ablution pool
134, 147, 148
as open cistern
204, 207
as open cistern and its catchment area
207, 230, 261
bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia)
48n60
brick kilns
124–125
brick recycling
117 table 7, 123–124, 134–135, 136 table 10, 139, 141, 144–145, 146n19
brick typology (Zabīd)
117 table 7, 136 table 10
Britain and the British
10, 12, 195
building conservation
95, 99, 111, 130
al-Bukhārī (d. 870)
252, 263n1
al-Būnī, Aḥmad ibn ʿAlī (d. 1225 or 1232/3)
238–248
calcium carbonate
215, 218, 225
calcium hydrogen carbonate (calcium bicarbonate)
225
calcium hydroxide
.
see lime, slaked
calcium oxide
.
see quicklime
calcium silicate hydrate
.
see volcanic cinder
canal supervisor
50, 184.
muqaddam al-maʿyān; shaykh al-sharīj
canals
9
canopy cultivation
41
caravans
15–16, 43, 48
catchment area
7, 263n1
of the area around Ghayl Bā Wazīr
187
of cisterns
205, 207, 209
in terraced agriculture
202
of the Wādī Dhana
20
of the Wādī Zabīd
68
catchment basin
.
see catchment area
cement
75, 168, 205, 211, 230, 233–234
cereals
46, 48
channels
9
charcoal
39
as admixture in qaḍāḍ
226n18
cholera
141n13
Christ’s thorn (Ziziphus spina-christi)
44–45, 48
Christianity and Christians, in ancient South Arabia
10
cisterns, in the Mārib oasis
29, 32, 39, 43, 46
cleaning (of hydraulic structures)
50, 145, 230–231
climate
5–6
arid
2, 7, 37–38, 82, 259
climate change, mid-Holocene
6, 10
coffee cultivation
201
collapse dolines
.
see ḥawma
collapse sinks
.
see ḥawma
concrete
59, 71, 209, 216–217
concrete blocks
75
conveyance devices
25, 28
cursive handwriting, texts in
19, 38
customary law
.
see ʿurf
cut-and-fill style construction
125
date palm (Phoenix dactylifera)
38, 43
date-palm groves
in the Mārib oasis
32, 43
in the Wādī Zabīd
64, 66, 108n43
dates
38, 43
dawm
44
dew
5, 201
dicotyledons
43n32, 44
al-Dijāʿī, Kamāl al-Dīn Mūsā ibn Aḥmad (d. after 1570)
92
dirham*
103–104, 105
diversion barrages
23
in the Mārib oasis
23–24, 32, 56
in the Wādī Zabīd
59, 71–72, 75, 78, 80, 84
domestic use, water for
2
in Ghayl Bā Wazīr
163, 179, 196
in al-Jabīn
204, 232, 233
in Mārib
29–31
in Zabīd
69
dovetail joints
54
drinking water (for humans)
2
in Ghayl Bā Wazīr
181, 196
in al-Jabīn
203
in Zabīd
126, 141–142
drought
31, 48, 51, 107, 187
religiously inspired rituals in times of
237, 251, 257
drought tolerance
22
ecosystems
60, 259
efficiency (of water distribution)
26–27, 49, 74, 84, 93
Empty Quarter (al-Rubʿ al-Khālī)
4 fig. 2, 6, 15, 20
endowments
.
see waqf
erosion
cut-back
74
gully
17–18, 28, 34, 42, 54
rectangular
32–33
surface patterns resulting from
18, 32–33, 35, 39
water
18, 32, 128, 161, 176, 190
wind
18, 170 fig. 78
fajr prayer*
183
falaj
192–193
Farḥān, Jihat (d. 1432/3)
147
fertilization of soil
36–37
field banks
28–29, 32–33, 72–74, 76–77, 82
fiqh*
81
five-pointed star
243–245
flax
46
fog
5, 201
forty (symbolism)
246
fossilized roots
41–42
fine
46
non-uniform
44–46
uniform
42–43
fractions (arithmetic)
101n18, 109 note b, 111
frost
6
gardens
in the area around Ghayl Bā Wazīr
169, 172, 178, 179
in the Mārib oasis
16, 55, 59
royal (Rasulid)
65
in the Wādī Zabīd
65, 66, 126, 127
ghayl*
as artificial often partly subterranean canal
157
as base flow
68
as perennial stream
68n39
Ghayl Bā Wazīr
drinking water in
180–181
foundation of
184–186
geology of area around
161–163, 167
problems with water table in
187–188, 195–197
ghusl*
149
God
81, 95, 105, 238, 246, 249, 253, 255, 256–257, 258
names of
248
offerings to
254
praying to
252, 263n1
supreme name of
248, 249, 258, 262
symbols for the name of
244–245, 247
grapevines
.
see vineyards
gravity flow
in the area around Ghayl Bā Wazīr
163, 172, 176
in the Mārib oasis
23, 25, 49, 53
in qanāt engineering
190
in the Wādī Zabīd
72, 75, 116, 123n13
in Zabīd
133
grey water
179
grit
as aggregate
216–217, 224
in field sediments
77
groundwater
1–2, 3 fig. 1, 7
in the area around Ghayl Bā Wazīr
163, 172–174, 176, 186, 187, 195–197
in the Mārib oasis
31
in qanāt engineering
190
in the Wādī Zabīd
69, 118, 121
gypsum
161, 163, 165, 167, 172, 181
hāʾ*
241, 243, 244, 247
ḥadath*
149
al-Hādī ilā l-Ḥaqq (d. 911)
253, 255n78
ḥadīth* and Ḥadīth*
66, 81, 252–253, 263n1
Ḥaḍramawt
157, 189, 190n34, 191, 195–196, 254n75, 255
Hadramis
10, 189n25
al-Hamdānī (d. mid-10th c.)
62, 77
al-Ḥāmī
158
ḥammām*
133 fig. 54, 134
ḥarra*
171
ḥashāsh*
224
ḥawḍ*
140
ḥawma*
162–163
Ḥays
103
fine-quality pottery made in
128–129, 139, 147
lime kilns
215
Hebrew Bible
15, 251n57
henna
179–180
hilsin*
216
Himyarites
10, 242
holding tanks
140–141, 144
hours, seasonal or unequal
182
hunter-gatherers
10
al-Ḥuṣayb
62
huwa*
244, 247
hydratation
226
hydration
215
Ibn Baṭṭūṭa (d. 1368/9)
66, 126
Ibn al-Daybaʿ (d. 1537)
66–67, 110, 147–148, 149, 253
Ibn al-Mujāwir (d. before 1250)
63–64, 105, 135, 148
Ibn Salāma (r. 983–1012)
148
Ibn Ziyād (r. 820–859)
11, 61–63, 66, 118, 135
Ibn al-Zubayr (d. 1167/8)
116, 127
ʿilb
44, 45 fig. 25
imam*
Zaydi imamate
in Shiite Islam
11, 242
in Sunni Islam
110
impurity, ritual
149
incense
15
India
12, 38n27, 157, 233
Indian Ocean
5, 6, 11
iron tie-rods
54
irrigation
basin
39–40
from cisterns
32, 39–40, 43, 46
by controlled flooding
29
by ponding
27–28, 72, 77
from wells
31–32, 39–40, 43, 46
Iskandar ibn Sūlī
.
see Iskandar Mawz
Iskandar Mawz (r. 1530–1536)
67, 98–100, 106, 107
Iskandar min Barsbāy
.
see Iskandar Mawz
Islam, rise of
10, 15, 60, 83
Islamic Empire
11, 63, 83
Islamic law, codified
81, 110, 149, 232.
sharīʿa
istisqāʾ*
252–255, 257, 258
Jabal al-Nabī Shuʿayb
5
al-Jabartī, Ismāʿīl (d. 1473)
91
al-Jabīn
Birkat al-Ḍiyāʾ
204, 230, 232
Grand Mosque
238, 249
private cisterns
232n31
ties to the Tihāma
204, 229
jābiya*
183
jalla*
71–72, 87
jāmiʿ*
108
janāba*
149
al-Janadī (d. 1332)
62
jasmine
65
al-Jawl
6, 161, 163
Jews and Judaism
186, 257, 261
in ancient South Arabia
10
Jibāl Rayma
201, 204n10, 231
jinn*
247
jirba*
74, 77
jisr*
74, 92n56, 127
kahra*
172
kanīf*
148
karīf*
162n5
karrī niṣf*
216
karrī rubʿ *
216
karst
161–162, 167, 172, 185, 191, 197
kharāb*
72
khāṣṣa*
248
khātam*
244
khawʿa*
173, 197
al-Khazrajī (d. 1410)
64, 80, 110
khudra*
183
khuṭba*
251, 263n1
Koran
81, 95, 110, 248
ancient South Arabia mentioned in
15, 16, 54
designation for Allah in
244, 248
ritual ablutions specified in
149
al-Kūfī (d. early 10th c.)
253
ladder (as symbol)
241, 246
lajna*
184
land reclamation
71, 76, 85 table 2, 87
landownership, private
50
Lawandis
67, 98–99
leaching
53
lead pipes
150–153
lentils
47
lime, slaked
215–216, 218, 224–225
lime kilns
215
lime plaster
.
see qaḍāḍ
lime slaking
215
lime soap
223
limestone
19, 49, 215
linen
123, 150n31
Lower Yemen
229
māʾ kādhiba*
173–174
maʿād*
101, 105, 107
madrasa*
95, 108–110.
Zabīd: al-Iskandariyya (mosque-madrasa)
maghrib prayer*
183
magic
248, 256
black
248
and religion
249, 256–257
religious
257, 258
sympathetic
255–256
white
248
Maḥall al-Shaykh
127, 129
Mahdids
62 table 1, 63
maintenance (of hydraulic structures)
in the area around Ghayl Bā Wazīr
164, 183, 195
historical sources providing information on
61
in al-Jabīn
230, 232, 238
in the Mārib oasis
43, 50
in the Wādī Zabīd
77, 84, 90, 91
in Zabīd
145
Mamluk-Lawandi military regime (1517–1539)
67, 111, 135
Mamluks (1250–1517)
67, 98
in Yemen (1516–1517)
67, 98, 135
al-Maʾmūn (r. 813–833)
61
manfadh*
75n10
mann*
105
manṣūb*
72, 87
al-Manṣūr ʿAbd al-Wahhāb (r. 1478–1489)
147, 148
al-Manṣūr ʿAbdallāh (r. 1424–1427)
93
al-Manṣūr ʿUmar (r. 1228–1250)
65n26
manuscripts (including almanachs) on agriculture and science (Rasulid)
65, 78n13
manzil (or manzilat) al-qamar*
182
maʿqam*
72, 78, 84, 92n56
mardaʿ*
171
Mārib and Mārib oasis
area of farmed land
27
Awām temple
249–250
dam
23–24, 48, 50, 56
dam, breaking of
48, 51, 54, 55
dam, repairs to and rebuilding of
48, 51, 54, 55
recultivation in
16
reminiscences of (in medieval Arabic sources)
59
sluices
24–25, 48, 50, 53, 54
spillways
24 fig. 6, 25, 26 fig. 9
stilling basins
24 fig. 6, 25
structures A, B, and C
23n1
vegetation period in
20–22
market gardens
179
master builder
.
see usṭā
al-Māwardī (d. 1058)
82–83
mawkhasha*
217
maʿyān*
169–171
comparison with qanāt
189–191, 195, 261
medicinal herbs
46
methodology
7–9, 17–20, 60
integrated
8–9
Middle Arabic
106
miḥrāb*
19
millet
68, 108
mīm*
97, 241, 246
Mimlāḥ
64
Minaeans
10
minuscule script
19
monocotyledons
42–43
monotheism, in ancient South Arabia
10
monumental inscriptions
19, 38
mortar
150n32
muʿallim*
148
al-Muʾayyad Dāwūd (r. 1296–1321)
65n26, 78, 93, 108, 157
mubāḥ*
82, 232
mud circles
39–41, 43
mud crusts and disturbed mud-crust matrix
32–33, 34–36, 39
mud mounds
41, 42, 43
mudd*
101–103, 105, 108
muezzin*
110
mughtasala*
148
Muḥammad (Prophet)
81, 82–83, 238, 246, 252
muḥammal*
72
al-Mujāhid ʿAlī (r. 1321–1363)
66, 80, 103, 107
al-Mukallā
157, 196
al-Mukallā Water Project
196
muqaddam al-maʿyān*
183–184, 195
al-Muqaddasī (d. ca. 1000)
62–63, 118
muṣallā*
252
musnad script
19
al-Muẓaffar Yūsuf (r. 1250–1295)
80, 103, 105nn33–34, 110n50
al-Nahrawālī (d. 1582)
67, 98, 99
nāʿim*
218, 220
Najahids
62 table 1, 63
naqba*
164
narcissi
65
nashaf*
218
al-Nāshirī, Muwaffaq al-Dīn ʿAlī ibn Abī Bakr (d. after 1400)
92
al-Nashshār, Muṣṭafā Pasha (d. 1555)
138
Niebuhr, Carsten (1733–1815)
39n27, 201
North Yemen
.
see Yemen Arab Republic (YAR)
nūra*
215–217, 224, 225
nutrients (for plants)
36–37, 53, 77, 202
onions
46
organic manure
37
organic matter (in soil)
37
“other,” the
186, 227, 257, 261
Ottoman occupation of Yemen
first (1538–1636)
11, 67, 99, 129, 130, 135, 226
second (1872–1918)
11
outlet structures (for water)
25–26
palm groves
in the Mārib oasis
32, 43
in the Wādī Zabīd
64, 66, 108n43
pastures
48
pencil rubbing (of an inscription)
97, 227
pendentive
135–138
People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY)
12, 195
pepper trees
65
perennials
32, 38
pipes (for conveying water)
earthenware
119, 121–123, 125, 139, 153
lead
150–153
plant imprints (in sediments)
46–47
plaster
150n32
lime
(
see qaḍāḍ
)
ploughs and ploughing
8, 34–36, 37, 41, 47
pollarding
48
Polybius (2nd c. BCE)
193
pottery (sherds)
139, 142, 146–147, 151, 192
embedded in masonry
116, 121
Ottoman-period
124, 128–129, 139, 147
prayer
149, 246, 256.
istisqāʾ
precipitation
.
see rain
prehistory
10
Protectorate, the
12, 195
pulses
47
punishment, divine
16
purity, ritual
149
qaḍāḍ*
224–226, 230, 233–234
used on Mārib dam and sluices
54
qāḍī*
92, 253
qanāt*
190, 191, 192
archaeological evidence of
192–193, 194–195
comparison with maʿyān
189–191, 195, 261
textual evidence of
193–195
qāt (Catha edulis)
201n5
Qatabanians
10
qibla*
252
qīrāṭ*
105, 109 table 6
Queen of Sheba
15
quicklime
215, 217
Radāʿ
224, 226
rain
5–7
in the area around Ghayl Bā Wazīr
171, 187
in the area around al-Jabīn
201, 203, 232
in the Mārib oasis
48, 250–251
out-of-season
6, 230
rogational rites for
(
see istisqāʾ
)
unreliability of
2, 237, 251, 258, 262
in the Wādī Zabīd
68, 74
rain-fed farming
2, 20
rain-making rituals
involvement of Jews in
257–258
Islamic
251–255
pre-Islamic
249–251, 255, 256
rainwater harvesting
for cisterns
204, 207, 223, 230, 232, 233
for irrigation
202
rainy season
6, 7, 20, 72, 230, 251
Rajasthan, cisterns in
233
rakʿa*
252, 253
Rasulids (1228–1454)
64–66, 127
manuscripts (including almanachs) on agriculture and science (Rasulid)
awqāf in the Wādī Zabīd under
107, 108
introduction of new plants under
64–65
sayl irrigation in the Wādī Zabīd under
77–80, 93
sponsorship of mosque ablution facilities in Zabīd under
147–148
raṭl*
105
Rayma, Governorate of
201, 232
religion and magic
.
see magic: and religion
religious college
.
see madrasa
renewable water resources
233, 261
Republic of Yemen
12
revolution of 1962
12, 231, 233
rice
65
roses
65
al-Rubʿ al-Khālī (Empty Quarter)
4 fig. 2, 6, 15, 20
Sabaʾ (Sabaean realm)
15, 16
Sabaeans
10, 15
Ṣaʿda
255n78
ṣaḥīḥ*
252
saints
229, 246, 254–255
ṣalāt*
253
ṣalāt al-istisqāʾ
.
see istisqāʾ
salinization (of soil)
53
Ṣanʿāʾ
66
composition and preparation of qaḍāḍ in
224, 226, 234
rain-making rituals in
257
rain prayers in Grand Mosque of
254n75
as UNESCO World Heritage site
214n4
sand
as aggregate
224
in field sediments
77
saponification
221
ṣaqīʿ*
182
sāqiya*
as secondary canal
72, 107
as unlined canal-like structure for rainwater harvesting
202, 223
Sargon II, eighth campaign of (714 BCE)
193–194
Sassanians
10, 191
sawāqī supplementary irrigation
.
see rainwater harvesting
sawqa*
188
Sayf al-Dīn Sunqur (d. 1212/13)
103
sayl *
7
Sayʾūn
254
seal of Solomon
243n24
seals
241, 243–245
sediment layers, undisturbed
28, 32, 34 fig. 16, 35
sedimentation rate, average annual
53, 56
sesame
38, 46, 48
setting (of binder)
218, 225, 226
seven (symbolism)
241
seven signs, group of
238–249, 258
shāfiʿī*
82, 83, 91, 92, 229
al-Shāfiʿī, Muḥammad ibn Idrīs (d. 819)
82
shahāda*
238, 249
sharīʿa*
81
water-allocation rights according to
83, 84, 93
sharīj*
72, 74, 84, 92, 93
Sharjah, Emirate of
193
shaṭṭ*
164, 167, 169, 172
shaykh*
186, 229, 230–231
shaykh al-sharīj*
90–91
al-Shiḥr
157
Shiites
11, 81, 228, 229, 242.
Zaydis and Zaydi imamate
shrubs, cultivation of
44, 46
siḥr*
248
silt
28, 50, 174
silver riyals
214–215
sīmiyāʾ*
248
six-pointed star
238, 243–244, 247, 250 fig. 121
Snow, John (d. 1858)
141n13
Social Fund for Development
233
soil fertility
37, 53, 180n11, 259
Solomon (king)
16
Soqotra
5n4
sorghum
22, 38, 47, 48, 108, 202
South Arabian civilization, ancient
10, 15–16
South Yemen
.
see People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY)
sowing funnels
35
spillways
25, 26 fig. 9, 74–75, 116, 127–129
spring-flow tunnels
191
springs
2, 7
in the area around Ghayl Bā Wazīr
158n3, 185
in the area around al-Jabīn
203–204
in the Wādī Zabīd
68n39, 116, 118
squinch
135, 138
staple crops
38, 43, 47, 104, 108
stories and legends, related to water
126, 162, 184–185, 186, 188
Sulayhids
62 table 1, 63
sundial principle
182
Sung celadon, Southern
142n15
sunna* and Sunna*
81, 82, 83
Sunnis
81, 82, 229, 252, 253, 257
surface patterns
18, 32, 35, 39, 41
sustainability and sustainable management
1, 16, 60, 196, 206, 233, 259
al-Ṭabrisī, Abū ʿAlī (d. 1154)
242
ṭahāra*
149
Tahirids (1454–1517)
66, 106, 108, 135, 147–148
Taʿizz
103, 110
talismans
243, 244, 245, 248
taqdūma*
187, 188
tax and taxation
104, 108, 229, 231
tax register (of al-Muʾayyad Dāwūd)
77–78, 93, 108, 157
terraced agriculture
201–202, 205n11, 209
thumn*
101, 102 table 5, 105, 108, 109 table 6
Tihāma
11, 59, 135
climate of
5, 68
dynasties in the medieval
62 table 1, 67
al-Jabīn’s ties to
204, 229
mentioned in medieval manuscripts
63, 76
Tihāma Development Project
59, 71, 93, 129
ṭīn*
139
tobacco
179
toilets
130–132, 141–143, 148, 149
traditional knowledge and practices
60–61
transfer of technology
55
transpiration
1
trees
in the area around al-Jabīn
201n5
in the Mārib oasis
39–41, 43, 44–45, 48, 55, 59, 250
in the Wādī Zabīd
65
tribes and tribespeople
in ancient South Arabia
50, 52, 55, 251
in northern Yemen
228–229
Tropic of Cancer
5
Ulḫu
193, 194
ʿUmar (r. 634–644)
95
ʿUmāra al-Yamanī (d. 1174)
61, 62, 64
umm*
172n10, 190
unification of Yemen (1990)
12, 195, 196
Upper Yemen
228–229
upstream priority
in the Mārib oasis
49
in the Wādī Zabīd
82, 84, 85–87, 93
ʿurf*
83, 94
in al-Jabīn
229, 232
in the Wādī Zabīd
84, 91–93, 94
usṭā*
214
ustādh*
214
vegetables
46, 179
vegetation period
20
vine scrolls
46
vineyards
32, 38, 46
Vitruvius (1st c. BCE)
153
volcanic cinder
224–226
al-Waḍḍāḥī, Muḥammad ibn Ziyād (d. 1722/3)
91–92
wadi
7
Wādī Bayḥān
33n15, 35n18, 39n26, 53n76
Wādī Dhana
20, 53
Wādī Sanha
68
Wādī Zabīd
68–69
map of (before implementation of Tihāma Development Project)
87, 90 fig. 36
map of (from Rasulid tax register)
78, 79 fig. 35
waqf*
95, 100–101, 106–108, 110
waqf khayrī *
107
waqfiyya*
107
of the Iskandariyya madrasa in Zabīd
102 table 5, 107, 108, 110, 111, 112
of the Salāma madrasa in Taʿizz
110
water
1–2
stories and legends, related to
126, 162, 184–185, 186, 188
too much
263
water-allocation rights
in Islam
81–84
in the Mārib oasis
49, 83
in the Wādī Zabīd
80–81, 84–87
in the Wādī Zabīd, origins of
91–93
water distribution, efficiency of
26–27, 49, 74, 84, 93
water engineering
1
water management
1
water table
1, 7
in the Mārib oasis
31
in the area around Ghayl Bā Wazīr
162, 174, 176, 187–188, 195, 196–197
wāw*
241, 247
weeds
36, 48
wells
deep (tube)
16, 176, 196
father
172, 175
in al-Jabīn
203
in the Mārib oasis
29–31, 32, 39, 43, 46, 251
mother
172n10, 190
in Zabīd
63, 69, 126, 133, 141, 147, 148
wheat
38, 47
wine
date
43
grape
46
World’s Fair, Hanover (2000)
226n19
wuḍūʾ*
149
Yazd (Iran)
191n38
Yemen Arab Republic (YAR)
12
zabadī*
101–105, 110
Zabīd
al-Ashāʿir (mosque)
109 table 6, 147
average annual rainfall in
68
as a centre of learning and scholarly life
62–63, 95, 108, 111
citadel
130, 132, 139, 150, 153
al-Farḥāniyya (madrasa)
147
foundation of
61–62, 118
Grand Mosque
66, 108, 147, 148, 253
al-Iskandariyya (mosque-madrasa)
95, 98–100, 130, 131 fig. 52, 134
al-Iskandariyya (mosque-madrasa), ablution facilities
134, 143, 145, 147
al-Iskandariyya (mosque-madrasa), waqfiyya
102 table 5, 107, 110, 111, 112
al-Manākh (mosque)
148n27
al-Manṣūriyya (madrasa)
147
mathematical sciences taught in
110
survey of religious buildings (1393) in
108
as winter residence
64, 66
zabīr*
72
zabūr script
19
al-Ẓāfir ʿĀmir II (r. 1489–1517)
66–67, 108, 147–148
zahab*
74, 77
Zaydis and Zaydi imamate
11–12, 228–229, 231, 253, 255n78, 257
Ziyadids (820–1018)
62, 116, 127, 130, 148