Index of Subjects
Abuse of rights
93
,
160
,
393
,
638
Actors, non-state actors, subjects, participants and users
427 –433
Additional Protocol i to the Geneva Conventions of 1949 (1977)
112
,
114
,
118
,
395 –401 403 –404 407 –408 468
,
494
,
594
Additional Protocol ii to the Geneva Conventions of 1949 (1977)
395 –399 403 –405 407 –408 468
,
594
Aegean Sea Continental Shelf case
596
Afghanistan
74
,
344
,
394
,
398
,
486
Africa
45
,
47
,
60
,
75
,
100 –101 113
,
122 –125 204
,
207
,
347
,
349 –350 430
,
439
,
449
,
477
,
486
,
488
,
492
,
511
,
589
African Charter of Human Rights and People’s Rights
465
,
626
African Union
381
,
487 –488
Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies (1979)
432
Convention on the Rights of Migrant Workers and their Families (1990)
432
Agreement on the Administration of Mostar (1995)
446
Ahmadou Sadio Diallo case
232
Al-Adsani case
455–456
,
591
Al-Jedda, Al-Dulimi cases
534
Al-Qaeda (isis)
387 –388 405
American Convention on Human Rights
465
,
599
,
626
Anglo-Norwegian Fisheries case
68
Articles on the Prevention of Transboundary Harm from Hazardous Activities
471
Asia
45
,
47
,
60
,
75
,
100 –101 116
,
123
,
125 –132 204
,
207
,
349
,
364
,
439
,
449
,
477
,
647
Austria
113
Authority, authoritative decision
5
,
21
,
60
,
62
,
86
,
142 187 –189 214
,
223
,
235
,
247–248
,
306
,
336
,
343
,
436
,
446
,
449
,
529 –530 548
,
575
,
611
,
620
Autopoietic law
210
,
247 –248 250
Avena case
66
Balkans
73
,
344
Barcelona Traction case
23
,
273
,
592 –593
Basel Accord on Capital Adequacy (1988)
578
Behrami and Behrami case
506
Belgium
45
,
111 –112
Belgium/Senegal case
592
Blogs, Facebook and Twitter
13
,
253
Brazil
346
,
378
Bretton Woods
410
,
415
,
417
,
647
Brundtland Report
471
Bureaucracy
171
,
183
,
185
,
233
,
334
,
347
,
362
,
429
,
499
,
518
,
531
,
614
,
629
,
642
,
679
,
681
Canada
60
,
118
,
481
Caroline Incident
373 –375
Central and Eastern Europe (former Yugoslavia, Czechia, Slovakia, Poland and Hungary)
116 –117 134
,
186
,
347
Certain expenses case
177
Chaos theory and international law
251 –254
Charter of Values and Principles of the African Union
488
China
100
,
125 –128 136
,
216
,
346 –347 378
Choir group
xvi
,
687
Chorzow Factory case
68
Code(s) of Conduct
214
,
528
,
562
,
578
Common good(s)
94
,
108
,
158
,
269
,
273
,
321
,
554
,
587
,
630
,
656
Common Heritage of Mankind, global commons
18
,
28
,
129
,
170
,
212
,
269
,
273
,
357
,
430
,
489
,
594
Comparative law, comparative international law
41
,
50
,
54
,
64
,
107
,
111
,
179
,
196
,
214
,
230
,
280
,
672
Competence(s) and jurisdiction, languages and substance, examples
336 –339
Compliance, implementation and effectiveness
305–311
Abandoned rules
178
and transnational legal process
309 –310
Compliance with non-binding norms
308
,
538
Functional and managerial compliance
306
Reputation, sanction, coercion and commitment
307
,
310
Rules of public interest
308 –310
Concepts (definition)
6
Conflict, collision and incompatibility of norms
24
,
42
,
55
,
61
,
71
,
102
,
136
,
191
,
211
,
225
,
227
,
231 –233 240
,
245
,
259
,
313 –314 323
,
325 –326 329 –331 325
,
336
,
363
,
366 –367 416
,
424
,
455
,
459
,
473
,
536 –538 573
,
583
,
585
,
590
,
596 –597 609
,
633
,
642
,
660
,
669
,
686
Congo
74
Constitutionalism
224
,
229
Approaches and comparison with globalization and fragmentation
224 –227 229
International constitutional community
225
“New constitutional question”
227
Sociological approach
226
Constructivism
193 –197
and legal obligation
197
Habitus and field
193
in a social construct
196
in international politics and law
195
in liberalism and realism
193
in positivism
196
Control (definition)
187 –188
Convention on Anti-Personnel Mines (1997)
638
Convention on Jurisdictional Immunities of States and their Propriety (2004)
454
Convention on the Protection of Cultural Expressions
329
Convention on the Recognition of the Legal Personality of ngos
517
Corfu Channel case
68
,
375 –376 471 –473 572
,
663
Cosmopolitanism
220 –224
Various aspects and legal
220
Types in international law
221
Lawyers of metropolitan and cosmopolitan style
222
Sceptics about
223
and parochialism
223 –224
Council of Europe
59
,
70
,
517 –518 578
,
580
,
606
Covenant of the League of Nations
596
Crisis and international law
282 –285
Critical International Legal Studies
199 –203
in IR and law
200
Challenges
,
201 –203
and New Approaches (nail)
202
and New International Legal Process (nilp)
202
and the Reims School
203
,
255
Customary international law
542 –557
Usefulness, wise and mild, identification
542 –543 548
,
551
Opinio juris, usus
357
,
525
,
541 –550 552 –553 609
Codification
549
Courts and the icj
552 –553
Obsolete
550 –551
Persistent Objector
553 –556
Cyberspace
273
,
409
,
432
,
645
,
686
Czech and Slovakian tradition
117
Czechoslovakia
160
,
436
,
484
Death of international law
43
,
74
,
558
Declaration of Bangalore
64
Declaration of Brighton
62
Declaration of Rio on Environment and Development
598
Declaration of Stockholm on Human Environment (1972)
654
,
656
Declaration of the Atlantic Allies
597
Declaration of the Millennium
351 –352
Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among Nations
18
,
387
,
448
,
476
,
622
Declaration on the Responsibilities of the Present Generations towards Future Generations
371
Declaratory and programming international law
170
,
359
Deconstruction in IR and law
197 –199
Democracy
625 –629
and democratization
625
Legal approaches, democratic state and democratic deficit
29
,
625 –628
Inter-governmental organizations
627
Democratic governance
627
Democratic deficit
629
Development, law of -, right to -, sustainable
19
,
103
,
123
,
125
,
127
,
159
,
170
,
186
,
223
,
271
,
319
,
335
,
357
,
368 –370 412 –413, 476 488
,
598
,
621
,
642
,
644
,
654
,
656 –660 680
Dialectics
36
,
50
,
95
,
103
,
169
,
190
,
198
,
199–204
,
213
,
248
,
254
,
268
,
495
Diplomatic and Consular Personnel of the United States in Tehran case
321
Discontent
281 –282
Distomo case
458
Document of Stockholm on Disarmament
598
Domestic and international law
22
,
24
,
37–41
,
50
,
52–67
,
84–85
,
88
,
90
,
92
,
95
,
102
,
105
,
108
,
159
,
169
,
230
,
231
,
238
,
240
,
242
,
279
,
285
,
291
,
292
,
295
,
301
,
304
,
305
,
306
,
312
,
337
,
338
,
341
,
349
,
352–354
,
366
,
378
,
411
,
412
,
413
,
415
,
422
,
432
,
462
,
478
,
402–503
,
505
,
543
,
558
,
567
,
569
,
570
,
574
,
585
,
599
,
604
,
606
,
626
,
635
,
639
,
645
,
647
,
652
,
655
,
686
Domestic jurisdiction
17
,
148
,
188
,
220
,
359
Draft Articles on Diplomatic Protection
342
Draft Code of Offences against Peace and Security
468
Dualism, dualist
3
,
54 –55 60
,
66
,
88
,
106
,
123
,
129
,
150
,
160
,
205
,
294
,
318
Due Diligence
472
East
3
,
72
,
100
,
114 –116 130 –131 137
,
372
,
540
Eastern Greenland case
23
Empiricism
178 –180
Definition
179
Empirical turn
180
Two generations
180
Empiricism in international economic law
409
,
414 –415
Encyclopédistes
133
Erga omnes obligations
18
,
23
,
225
,
270
,
272
,
289 –290 297
,
325
,
357 –359 373
,
445
,
463
,
467 –468 540
,
549
,
564
,
586
,
590
,
592 –596 615
,
654
,
656
Ethics and morality, synonymous and different
629 –636
Classical perceptions and positivism
630 –631
in politics and international law
631 –635
and concrete rules 636EU/Kenya Agreement
507
eunavor operation Atalanta
507
Eurocentrism, European origin of international law
46
,
133
,
135
eurocontrol
508
European Convention for Democracy through Law
59
European Convention on Human Rights (echr)
59
,
62
,
249
,
465
,
475
,
599
,
606
,
626
European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR)
22
,
24
,
28
,
54
,
59
,
62
,
111
,
165
,
284
,
336
,
361
,
455 –456 506
,
534
,
564
,
572
,
603 –604 606
European Union (EU), European Community (EC), treaties and institutions
24
,
57
,
61 –62 65
,
102
,
108
,
110
,
136
,
169
,
225
,
246
,
332
,
334
,
337
,
446
,
492
,
507
,
529
,
645 –646 656
,
672 –673 680
Exceptionalism
94 –95 97
,
119 –120 135 –136
Exclusive Economic Zone (eez)
69
,
124
Experts, expertise
41, 67 –71 158
,
183
,
219
,
222
,
228
,
292
,
332
,
364
,
471
,
580
,
644
,
654
,
683
,
685
,
687
Failed, non-decent or rogue states
485 –488
fao
215
,
416
,
529
,
562
,
578
,
580
Code of Conduct
214
,
528
,
578
Fear
285
Federal, federalism
37
,
53
,
66
,
92
,
109
,
147
,
167
,
225
,
228
,
414
,
440
,
479
,
485
,
488
,
491
Feminism
207 –209 222
,
255
,
261
,
318
,
584
Origin and purpose
207
Public and private sphere
208
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
209
Fictions, notion, and legal technique in international law
270, 340 –342 423
Ordinary and constituent, convenient and evolutionary
341 –342
Formalism
Culture of, relation to pragmatism
45
,
95
,
162
,
181 –182
a bad word
183
Structural and doctrinal
182
Lawyers
530
,
540
,
600
,
636
,
643
Fragmentation, qualified and unqualified
323 –335
Work of the ilc
325 –326
Organic, normative, and interpretation, conflict, subaltern classes, in international organizations, bridging with unity, de-fragmentation
326 –331
France
100 –104 109
,
190 –192 254
,
378
,
506
Functionalism
209 –212
Function
209 –211
in international law and organization
210
Neo-functionalism and evolution
211 –212
Furundžija case
571
Gabčíkovo-Nagymaros case
461
,
548
,
651
gatt
218
,
416 –418 492
General Act of Renunciation of War (Briand-Kellogg Pact)
375
General principles of law
568 –574
Notion
,
568 –570 573
Relation to domestic law
568 –569
“Civilized nations”
46
,
574
General theory and general international law
286 –288 288 –292
Geneva Conventions on Humanitarian Law (1949)
291
,
395 –396 398
,
403 –404 407 –408 468
,
594
Genocide Convention (1948)
466
Germany
24
,
66
,
96
,
100
,
107 –109 116
,
160
,
346
,
456
,
484
,
506 –507
Globalization, globalism
221–233
,
640 –643
and international law
641
and theory
641
,
643
and transnational law
582 –583
Governance
643
,
648
Definition and domestic law
643 –644
and global administrative law (gal)
644
,
648
and economic globalization
645
and obligation of governing well
645
and international law
646
and global democracy
647
Greece
113
,
122
,
456
,
458
,
619
Grotian tradition
45
,
105
,
151
,
218
,
544
Grundnorm
88 –89 91
,
548
Gulf of Maine case
68
,
537
Hague Codification Conference (1930)
21
Hague Conventions on the Laws of War (1899, 1907)
114
Harvard Research on International Law (1929–1939)
21
,
602
Hegemony, notion, theories,
343 –347
and empire
344 –345 347
and UN system
345 –346
Globalization and global hegemonic law
346
Unilateralism, bilateralism and multilateralism
347
Helsinki Final Act
597
Hierarchy
12
,
34
,
88
,
90 –91 162
,
221
,
225
,
237 –239 245
,
250
,
278
,
299
,
312
,
334
,
354
,
358
,
436
,
456
,
459
,
463
,
486
,
538
,
540
,
551
,
569
,
584 –586 588
,
602
,
627
Highly qualified publicists and doctrinal adumbrations
19 –23 72 –77
History and histories of international law
42 –48
Human Rights
354 –371
Approaches in domestic and international systems
354 –357
Humankind and humanization of international law
357 –359
Declaratory and programming aspects
359 –360
in specific chapters
360
Universality and difficulties
361 –362
Social rights, personal security, group rights, globalization and business
362 –367
Enterprises
367 –368
West and South
367 –368
Right to water
370
Future generations and intergenerational rights
273
,
362
,
369 –371 659
,
621
,
660
See also
Universal Declaration, civil and political rights
icann, icheic, cites
215
,
647
Icelandic Fisheries cases
68
Idealism
47
,
51
,
93
,
128
,
169 –171 217
,
222
,
228
,
261
,
274
,
321
,
615
,
636
,
674
Ideology, definition, debate
25 –29 48
ilo
114
,
215
,
365
,
448
,
489
,
493
,
520
,
580
imf
218
,
301 –302 368 –369 416 –417
Imperialism
26
,
45
,
88
,
98
,
131
,
157
,
204
,
206
,
255 –256 314
,
318
,
341
,
344 –345 355
,
627
Indeterminacy
32
,
34
,
47
,
69
,
143
,
152
,
185 –186 201
,
360
,
463
,
589
,
612 –613 651
India
125 –126 128 –130 216
,
346
,
378
Individuals and other private persons
511 –521
Status
514
and transgovernmentalism
516
Homme situé
516
Privatization of international law
515
Private military and security contractors (pmscs)
515
Non-governmental organizations (ngos)
214
,
225 –226 301
,
321
,
354
,
357
,
359
,
365
,
412
,
428
,
432
,
440
,
448
,
498
,
505
,
514
,
517 –521 526 –529 637
,
642
,
645
,
657 –658 663
Civil society
150
,
193 –194 221
,
227
,
257
,
300
,
302
,
313
,
357
,
367
,
377
,
399
,
402
,
409
,
418
,
432
,
440
,
487
,
517 –520, 521 527
,
553
,
626
,
629
,
647
,
656
See also
International Economic Law, multinationals
Informal normativity
154
,
168
,
181
,
435
,
535
Institut de Droit International (idi)
18
,
21
,
24
,
45
,
63
,
69
,
75
,
106
,
111 –112 117 –118 386
,
391
,
421
,
455
,
483
,
504
,
517
,
593
,
602
Institutionalism
212 –215
Relational and institutional society
213
and “the continent of international law” 213–214
and global governance, international public authority
214 –215
Instrumentalism
215
,
217
Function and limits
216 –217
and formalism
216
Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR)
24
,
336
,
534
Inter-judicial dialogue
61
,
63 –65
International community/society
267 –273
Notion and legal aspects
267 –268
Historical and mythical
268
and community
269 –273
International Court of Justice (icj)
20 –21 23
,
37
,
54
,
66
,
68
,
117 –119 123
,
129
,
132
,
176 –177 232
,
236
,
239
,
249
,
267
,
272 –273 275
,
283
,
290
,
321 –322 330
,
352
,
360
,
363
,
375
,
378
,
383
,
385
,
400
,
445 –446 449
,
456 –457 464
,
466
,
473 –476 480
,
491
,
534
,
537
,
542
,
548 –549 551 –552 555
,
562
,
564
,
572
,
574
,
583
,
588
,
590 –594 596
,
602 –604 633
,
635 –636 638
Statute
19
,
21
,
23
,
113
,
291
,
320
,
460
,
525
,
537 –540 568
,
572
,
574
,
589
,
640
International courts and tribunals
21
,
23 –24 53
,
67
,
221
,
229
,
238
,
246
,
279
,
283
,
292
,
326
,
327
,
329
,
330 –331, 352 371
,
404
,
427 –428 440
,
453
,
460
,
495
,
509
,
518
,
526 –527 534
,
548
,
553
,
563
,
571
,
573
,
584
,
602
,
607
,
609
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (iccpr)
350
,
363 –364 403
,
465
,
475
,
514
,
626
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (icescr)
350
,
403
,
475
,
626
,
636
International Criminal Court (icc)
63
,
178
,
302
,
381
,
468
,
562
,
594
,
603
,
637
,
645
International criminal law
13
,
61
,
291
,
314
,
358
,
392
,
428 –429 514
,
540
,
589
,
595
,
604
,
637
International Criminal Tribunal for former Yugoslavia (icty)
23
,
401
,
403
,
405
,
466
,
468
,
508
,
549
,
571
,
595
International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ictr)
468
,
549
,
637
International Economic Law (iel)
19
,
409 –422
Doctrinal indications
409 –417
Multinational (mncs) and transnational (tncs) corporations
226
,
366
,
412
,
427
,
447
,
515
and sovereignty
414
Havana Charter (1948)
417
Investment law
418 –422
International environmental law
653 –660
Texts
654
,
656
,
658
Doctrinal approaches
657 –659
Characteristics and limits
,
653 –656 659
Institutional aspects
655
and human rights
660
International humanitarian law (ihl)
394 –409
Main doctrinal sources
394 –401
Internal and external sources
398
Custom and general principles
399
,
401 –402
Cold and hot law
401
ihl and human rights
403 –404
Weapons
400
,
404 –405
Non-international armed conflicts (Protocol ii)
387, 395 –397 399
,
401
,
405
Rebel and insurgents, non-state actors
395
,
405 –406 424
Total and limited war
406
Military necessity, proportionality, precaution
406 –407
Belligerent reprisals
342
,
407 –409
Opinio juris
409
International law and international relations (IR) theories
195
,
661 –665
Differentiation and convergence
661 –665
International law approached by other lawyers and political scientists
665
Place of international law in Hart’s “Concept of Law”
666 –669
Analogies and differences with domestic law
668
Dworkin’s vision of international law
669 –671
Twining’s “General Jurisprudence”
671 –672
International aspects of Raz’s legal theory
672 –673
Rawls’s theory related to international law
673 –676
Sen and the idea of justice
676 –678
Habermas’s international vision
679 –681
International law as law
274 –280
Deniers, supporters and sceptics
274 –282
and epistemic communities
279 –280
International Law Association (ila)
18
,
75
,
290
,
360
,
395
,
427
,
473
,
483
,
507 –508 556
,
573
International Law Commission (ilc)
18
,
21 –23 37
,
69 –70 105
,
117
,
124
,
156
,
218 –219 236
,
246
,
249
,
273
,
292
,
297
,
298
,
324
,
325
,
331 –332 342
,
359 –360 421
,
434
,
445
,
448
,
453
,
460 –465 467 –472 482
,
489
,
491
,
496
,
499 –502 505
,
509
,
526
,
536 –537 539
,
542
,
551
,
553
,
558 –559 563
,
565
,
567
,
583
,
587
,
591
,
595 –596 602 –603 605
,
608
,
623 –624 637
International organizations
489 –510
Articles on the Responsibility of International Organizations (ario)
489
,
499 –501 503
,
505
Status, organs, secretariat
489 –499
Responsibility and accountability
499 –510
Third World
495
Transgovernmental and transnational networks
498 –499
Relations between universal and regional organizations
496
Role of domestic courts
508
International Tribunal of the Law of the Sea (itlos)
19
,
69
,
174
Internet
13
,
76
,
193
,
226
,
251
,
432
,
686
interpol
215
,
492
,
508
Interpretation, general rules
600 –613
vclt
601 –609
Systemic integration, interpretation
609 –610
wto and nafta
603 –604 607
ilc
608
and IR theories
611
and games
608
Fragmentation of
611
and indeterminacy
612 –613
Travaux préparatoires
603
Evolutive, evolutionary dynamic, choices
606 –607 611
SC resolutions
534
Other methods
561
Iraq
74
,
176
,
315
,
344 –345 355
,
376
,
384
,
387
,
394
,
398
,
506
,
515
,
591
Islam, Islamic
45
,
350
,
368
,
509
,
647
Israel, Israeli
118
,
384
Italy
65 –66 100
,
109 –111 456
Japan
125 –126 130 –132 275
,
320
Jurisdictional Immunities of the State case
54
,
66
,
454
,
456
,
458
Jus cogens
18
,
26
,
83
,
91
,
116
,
126
,
159 –160 221
,
236
,
238
,
250
,
269 –270 272
,
290 –291 325
,
356 –357 359
,
378
,
380
,
382
,
428
,
437
,
455 –457 459
,
468
,
474
,
512
,
540
,
546
,
549
,
553 –556 560 –561 571
,
585 –592 594 –597 608
,
623
,
634
,
642
,
651
Jus gentium
83
,
92
,
121
,
220
,
267
,
270
,
357
,
446
,
675
Justice and international law
637 –640
Enunciation by the UN Charter, international instruments and tribunals
637
Doctrine
638 –640
Kadi and Al Barakaat, and Yusuf cases
24
,
66
Kosovo
23
,
73
,
176 –177 283 –284 303
,
382
,
393 –394 452
,
477 –480 486
,
506
,
591
Kosovo, opinion
23
,
476
,
534
LaGrand cases
20
,
462
Lake Lanoux case
471
,
621
Language, argumentation
29 –36 190
Latin America
45
,
47
,
60
,
71
,
75
,
100
,
121 –122 191
,
207
,
320
,
364
,
439
,
477
,
637
,
656
Law and economics and rational choice applications
241 –244
Law of the Sea
35
,
69
,
103 –104 113
,
121
,
123
,
129
,
132
,
174
,
183
,
314
,
333
,
431
,
433
,
472
,
549
,
604
,
610
,
655
,
658.
See also
UN Convention
Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory
467
,
474
,
476
,
635
Legal obligation, basis within and outside the law
197
,
293 –298
Legal Pluralism
65
,
110
,
221
,
229 –234
Hybrid schemes
229
Institution and “necessary communities”
229
Ordered legal pluralism and normative flow
230
Post-national pluralism (containment, transfer and break)
231
and medieval paradigms
232
and domestic law
65 –67
and resolution of conflicts
233
Legal process (theory)
51
,
95 –96 196
,
202
,
214
,
582
Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons opinion
20
,
232
,
518
,
572
,
591
,
635
,
638
Legitimacy and legality
299 –304
Variable and invariable content, positive theory
301
,
303
and international organizations and institutions
301 –302
a bastard term
303 –304
Lex lata, lex ferenda
7
,
26
,
73
,
189
,
354
,
428
,
624
,
635
Lex mercatoria
149
,
223
,
247
,
329
,
412
,
521
,
527
,
583
Liability
470 –473
Liberalism, liberal agendas
145 –152
Lighthouses award
482
Limits and limitations of theory
36 –42
Lockerbie case
24
,
378
Loizidou case
564
Lotus case
20
,
22 –23 293
,
337
,
341
Managerial, managerialism
214
,
306
,
311
,
332
,
385
,
649
Marx, Marxism, Marxist, Leninist approaches
25
,
29
,
33
,
79 –80 97 –99 104
,
169
,
191
,
217
,
254 –256 259
,
630
,
679
Mature or primitive law
280 –281
Medellin case
66
Memorandums of Understanding (MoWs)
542
Methods, methodological issues
48 –52
Michael Dominges v. US case
555
Middle East
47
,
74
,
97
,
344
,
349
,
486
,
589
Middle Road theory
256 –257
Modernity, modernism, post-modernism
184 –187
Monism
54 –55 60
,
88
,
90
,
94
,
106
,
294
,
318
,
438
Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States (1933)
47
,
434
,
480
Montreal Protocol on Ozone
528
,
658
Multinational, transnational corporations, enterprises
226
,
366
,
412
,
416
,
427
,
429
,
440
,
447
,
515, 520 –521 527
,
529
,
578
,
659
Munich Agreements
160
Namibia opinion
177
,
379
National interest
16
,
56
,
64
,
84
,
103
,
162
,
169
,
208
,
212
,
215
,
274
,
299 –300 307
,
345
,
439
,
621
,
632
Nationalism
41
,
55
,
81
,
83
,
169
,
211
,
279
,
362
,
441
,
641
Nationality Decrees in Tunisia and Morocco opinion
438
nato
73
,
176 –177 303
,
382 –383 396
,
400
,
477
,
492
,
544
Natural law
83 –84 158 –162
Netherlands
69
,
112 –113 151
Neutrality (in war)
83
,
93
,
112 –113 118
,
381
,
383
,
397
,
399
other neutrality
25 –26 259
,
361
,
397
,
420
,
477
,
627
,
631
,
641
New Deal
95
New Haven School of Jurisprudence, policy-oriented theory
187 –189
Critics
189 –190 650
New International Economic Order
19
,
46
,
123 –124 129
,
170
,
412
,
578
New medievalism
223
,
442
,
516
,
645
Nicaragua case
23
,
236
,
290
,
476
,
546
,
591
,
634
Nicomachean Ethics
629
Non-state actors
147
,
151 –152 206
,
253
,
302
,
309
,
352
,
376
,
382
,
386 –390 395
,
405
,
424
,
427 –430 433 –434 448
,
459
,
505 –506 509
,
513
,
515 –516 520 –521 526 –529 575 –576 579
,
581
,
614 –615 620
,
642
,
646
,
656 –659
Non-state law and lex mercatoria
233
,
247
,
435
,
528
Nordic Countries
118
Normativism
87 –91
Norms (meaning of norms, principles and rules)
536 –538
Norms, binding, non-binding
16
,
237 –238 308
,
532
,
564
,
577
,
596
North Sea Continental Shelf cases
23
Nottebohm (second phase) case
20
Objective, non-objective law
92
,
161 –162 208
,
222
,
289
,
322
Objectivism, objectivist
16
,
51
,
79
,
84
,
92
,
102
,
153 –154 161 –162 193
,
200
,
234
,
545
,
561
,
567
Odyssey
476
,
511
oecd Standards for Avoiding Double Taxation
214
opec
508
Operation Desert Storm
315
,
379
Operation Iraqi Freedom
533 –534
Opinio juris
243
,
301
,
357
,
391
,
409
,
525
,
541 –550 552 –553 576
,
609
,
659
Order and system (notion)
11 –12 229 –230 334
Organization of Security and Cooperation in Europe (osce)
215
,
492
,
627
Pacta sunt servanda
17
,
32
,
82
,
91
,
126
,
159
,
178
,
238
,
557
,
570
,
589
Paris Framework Agreement on Climatic Change (unfcc)
216
,
658 –659
Participants,
see
Actors
Peace Treaty between Germany and Czechoslovakia (1967)
160
Philosophy
3
,
6
,
8–10
,
25
,
31
,
42
,
43
,
51
,
75
,
78
,
80
,
83
,
90
,
116
,
122
,
123
,
141
,
142
,
145
,
166
,
170
,
171
,
172
,
179
,
184
,
186
,
188
,
190
,
193
,
199
,
219
,
244
,
248
,
251
,
259
,
271
,
276
,
287
,
289
,
303
,
314
,
319
,
340
,
354
,
360
,
447
,
461
,
590
,
633
,
634
,
640
,
643
,
652
,
669
,
670
,
673
,
675
,
677
,
678
,
679
,
684
Pinochet case
240
Poland
117
Politics and international law
648 –653
Doctrine, legal factors
648 –649 652 –653
Critical approaches
650
International law and political decisions, and power
648 –651
and domestic politics
651
Positivism
7
,
16
,
49
,
78–79
,
82
,
84–86
,
148
,
152–158
,
161
,
164
,
175
,
196
,
201–202
,
215
,
236
,
276
,
286
,
297
,
350
,
354
,
420
,
549
,
558
,
570
,
577
,
579
,
605
,
612
,
630
,
653
,
667
,
669–671
Poverty
206
,
352
,
364
,
369
,
431
,
487
,
675
,
677
,
678
Power politics, hegemonism, legitimacy of power
95–96
,
108
,
163
,
196
,
216
,
222
,
299
,
343–347
,
376
,
680
Practitioners
12
,
14
,
18
,
42
,
48
,
75
,
80
,
168
,
313
,
324
,
520
,
606
Pragmatism
175 –178
Renaissance of
177
and rational choice
177
and formalism
182
Precommitment theory
58 –59
Principles on the Allocation of Loss in the case of Transboundary Harm
471
Principles, rules and norms
536 –538
Producers of international law, traditional and new
525 –536
Progress
619 –625
Theoretical and practical approaches
619 –622
Co-progressiveness
622
Codification and progressive development
16
,
28
,
289
,
292
,
463
,
465
,
469
,
500
,
527
,
563
,
572
,
623 –625
Pulp Mills on the River Uruguay case
68
,
572
Qatar/Bahrain case
542
,
597
Race
185
,
199 –200 256
Radbruch doctrine
85
Rational choice
52
,
58 –59 147
,
175
,
177
,
185
,
216
,
241 –244 261
,
275
,
540
,
552
,
628
,
673 –674 677
Rationality and rationalism
,
171 –175
Reasonableness
173
Reason and Will
174
Recta ratio
174
Realism
162 –168
Traditional
164
Neo-realism
167
Post-realism
168
Rebus sic stantibus
17
,
32
,
560 –561 597
Reciprocity
37
,
58
,
103
,
242
,
259
,
296
,
305
,
307
,
333
,
414
,
552
,
564
,
581
,
640
,
675
,
686
Regime (notion)
217 –218
Self-contained or special subsystems
217
,
331 –332 334 –335
and constructivism
219
Pre-legal and contextual regimes
219
Relativism and relativity in international law
234 –239
Identification, limitations and oppositions
235 –238
Relativism and universalism
236 –237
Other aspects
238 –239 361
,
368
Religion
3
,
46 –47 186
,
204
,
209
,
233
,
278
,
319
,
343
,
368
,
397
,
402
,
509
,
641
,
650
,
675
Reparation for Injuries opinion
445
Reservations to the Geneva Conventions
396 –397
Reservations to the Genocide Convention case
176
Responsibility
459 –470
Articles on State Responsibility for Internationally Wrongful Acts (arsiwa)
273
,
297
,
389
,
460 –462 465
,
469
,
500 –501 504 –505 593
Countermeasures
467
Attribution
465
Damage, injury
463
Human Rights
465
Control
466
Crimes and delicts
18
,
468 –469
See also
Liability, Due diligence
Responsibility to protect (R2P), humanitarian intervention
18
,
74
,
226
,
351
,
375
,
379
,
382
,
390 –394, 458 591
,
635
Role splitting
93
,
239
Current application and contest
239 –240
Rule of Law
348 –353
Notion in domestic and international law
348 –349 352 –353
Extensive and restrictive theories
350 –352
in international organizations
352
Rules, primary and secondary
39
,
156 –157 218
,
249 –250 270
,
280
,
297
,
313
,
332
,
334 –335 461
,
462
,
464 –465 470
,
503
,
505
,
507
,
609
,
660
,
666 –668
Rules, principles and other legal norms (definitions)
536 –539
Russia
59
,
97
,
114 –116 216
,
378
,
564
,
608
Rwanda
74
San Remo Manual on Armed Conflicts at Sea
398
,
528
Sanctions
86
,
93
,
108
,
215
,
241
,
249
,
276 –277 281
,
295 –296 306 –307 312
,
342
,
380
,
382
,
466 –467 503 –504 577
,
595
,
667
Saramati case
506
School of Chicago
91
Secession, controversy
476 –481
Self-defence
372 –390
War, Aggression
383 –384
Collective security
371
,
382
Jus ad bellum
382
,
395
Jus in bello
395
Ius contra bellum
383
Coalitions of the Willing (cows)
382
British Institute of International Affairs (Chatham House)
385 –386
Institut de Droit International (Resolutions)
386 –387
Self-Determination
473 –475, 476, 478
People
474
International and internal
474 –475
Sentenza No 238/2014
65–66
Sociology, sociological trends
91 –94 258 –260 419
Soft law
575 –580
Acceptations
575 –577
Advocates and opponents
579 –580 623
and international economic law
411 –412 578
and human rights
579
and the sources
536
,
540
,
557
,
562
,
564
,
623
Solange, so lange doctrine
24
,
65 –67 508
,
585
Solidarity
93 –94 103
,
108
,
267 –269 271
,
307
,
341
,
346
,
361
,
413
,
442
,
463
,
559
,
573
,
628
,
632
,
647
,
652
,
681
,
686
Somalia/Kenya case
542
Sources of international law
530–531, 539 –541
South Africa
555
South West Africa cases
564
,
633
Sovereignty
17
,
22
,
38 –39 40 45 –47 59
,
62
,
83 –84 85 88 –89 92 –93 96
,
102
,
104 –108 111 –112 116
,
121 –123 126 –128 131
,
134
,
149 –151 171
,
192
,
196
,
222
,
226
,
235
,
237
,
255
,
270
,
282
,
284
,
295 –296 306
,
315
,
319 –321 336 –338 341 –342 349 –351 361
,
377
,
394
,
411
,
413 –414 418
,
434 –435 437 –444 449 –451 454
,
465
,
475
,
478
,
484 –486 490
,
494 –495 498
,
530 –531 583 –584 589
,
614
,
620
,
641
,
645
,
649
,
659
,
668
,
671
,
673
,
680
Soviet doctrine
97 –99 108
Soviet Union
44
,
97 –98 108
,
114 –116 217
,
436
,
439
,
478
,
484
,
582
Spain, Spanish
44
,
82
,
91
,
110 –111 122
,
220
,
275
Standards
580 –581
State and statehood
434 –488 See also Sovereignty
Creation and recognition
435 –438.
International legal personality
445 –448
Equality
448 –451
Territory
451 –453
Immunity/immunities
453
State Responsibility
459
. See also Responsibility
Liability
470
. See also
Self-Determination; Secession
Succession
481 –485
Failed, rogue
485 –488
Structuralism, post-structuralism
190 –193
Interest-based, conflict-oriented
191
in international law
191 –193
Subsidiarity
61 –63 225
,
284
,
303
,
361
,
408
Subsystems
218
,
226
,
244 –247 249 –250 318
,
331 –336 418
,
540
,
576
,
589
Symbolon
137
Syria
382
,
387 –388 398
,
444
Systems, systemic theories, application in international law
11 –12 244 –251
Tadić case
24
,
401
,
544
Terrorism
74
,
125
,
137
,
176
,
186
,
192
,
284 –285 346
,
352
,
379
,
382
,
387 –390 394
,
397
,
402
,
404 –405 409
,
448
,
468
,
470
,
485
,
513
,
532 –533 544
,
582
,
620
,
662
Theorists, assortment
77 –81
Theory
Meanings, uses
6
,
8
,
20
and philosophy
8 –10
and religion and tradition
3
and doctrine and jurisprudence
11
,
20 –22
Approaches
141 –144
Race for
75 –77
Objectives
5
,
38
,
81
,
91
,
94
,
119
,
206
,
262
,
268
,
282
,
286
,
295
,
326
,
630
,
662
,
682
,
686
Types
7
,
32
,
50
,
97
Swinging between theories
82
Orphan and unable
32
,
170
,
187
,
277
,
388
,
492
,
495
,
651
,
677
Contemporary, new, post and meta-theory
17
,
142 –144
Impact on international law
15 –24
General
286 –288
Third World Approaches (twail)
80
,
204 –207 222
,
255
,
318
purpose and origin
204 –206
and the study of Power
206
Trail Smelter case
471
,
621
Transgovernmental, transgovernmentalism
149
,
218
,
498
,
516
,
627
Transnational law and legal phenomena
39
,
60
,
65
,
141
,
149
,
151
,
203
,
210
,
214
,
226 –227 230
,
233
,
280
,
287
,
291
,
309
,
319
,
329
,
351
,
366
,
412
,
427
,
429
,
444
,
447
,
499
,
509
,
515
,
528 –529 573
,
581 –583 615
,
634 –635 641
,
648
,
671
,
680
Transtextuality
596
,
598 –599
Treaties
Definition
557
vclt
557
Classic commentaries
558 –559
International Organizations
563
Binding, non-binding agreements
541
,
557
,
563
Law-Making treaties
564
Reservations
565 –566
Guide to Practice on Reservations
565
Contract theories
541
,
567
Truman Declaration (1945)
544
UN Charter
27
,
90
,
106
,
127
,
148
,
213
,
224
,
228
,
237 –238 270
,
283 –284 289
,
291
,
315 –316 320
,
325
,
341
,
345
,
359
,
372 –376 378 –385 387
,
390 –391 393
,
402 –403 408
,
417
,
423
,
444
,
448 –451 467
,
486
,
497
,
503 –504 528
,
532
,
533 –534 565
,
584
,
590
,
597
,
599
,
622
,
624
,
637
,
641
,
643
,
667
,
671
UN Convention on the Law of Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses (1997)
548
UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (unclos)
28
,
69
,
528
,
562
,
580
UN General Assembly
69
,
236 –237 292
,
349
,
351 –352 363
,
369 –370 377
,
382
,
385
,
387
,
392
,
412
,
460
,
471
,
495 –496 499
,
547
,
576
,
598
,
623 –624 637
,
671
UN Secretary General, Secretariat
69 –70 125
,
170
,
349
,
351
,
364
,
377
UN Security Council, competence, action, authorization by
24
,
27
,
41
,
66
,
130
,
178
,
240
,
271
,
283
,
302 –303 315
,
341
,
346
,
352
,
364
,
373
,
375 –376 378 –380 383
,
385
,
389 –392 437
,
442
,
444
,
452 –453 470
,
496 –497 502
,
506
,
526
,
532 –534 546
,
553
,
563 –564 589
,
595
,
673
UN Sub-Commission for the Prevention of Discrimination and the Protection of Minorities
71
unesco
215
,
239
,
350
,
371
,
400
,
489
,
520
United Kingdom (UK), British, English
44
,
100
,
104 –107 151
,
157
,
256
,
275
,
349
,
373
,
385
,
389
,
400
,
575
,
604
United States (US)
64
,
74
,
87
,
91
,
94 –97 119 –120 134
,
136
,
142
,
164 –165 180
,
216
,
217
,
274 –275 284
,
337
,
344 –346 373
,
384
,
389
,
439
,
608
Uniting for Peace Resolution
374
,
387
Unity, formal, substantive, and material
312 –313
as open structure
313
as coherence, graded and dynamic
314
other assumptions, and practical completeness
315
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (udhr)
104
,
350
,
359
,
362 –363 365
,
402 –403 511
,
514
,
599
Universality, broad and restrictive approaches
316 –322
Challenges
318 –321
Use of Force
371 –394
UN Charter
372 –373 376 –378 381
,
383
Classical readings
373 –375
New approaches
375 –394
Pre-emptive, preventive, anticipatory
373
,
375 –376 380
,
384 –385
Users of International Law (notion)
141
,
253
,
272
,
432
,
427
,
429 –433 435
,
516
,
614 –615 644
,
685
Uti possidetis juris
121
,
124
,
479
Values (notion)
144
Vienna Convention on Succession in Respect of Debts, Propriety and Archives (1983)
481
Vienna Convention on Succession of States in Respect of Treaties (1978)
481
Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (vclt)
57
,
105
,
247
,
270
,
273
,
325
,
329
,
332
,
347
,
360
,
421
,
500
,
534
,
541
,
545
,
557 –567 587 –589 596 –597 600 –611
Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties between States and International Organizations or between International Organizations (vcltio)
495
,
500
,
558 –560 563
,
565
,
596
Voluntarism
16
,
51
,
79
,
84 –87 92
,
102
,
105
,
107
,
152
,
154
,
160 –161 174
,
295
,
306
,
542
,
545
,
556
,
563
,
570
,
668
War, just/unjust
16 –17 90
,
675
West
3
,
20
,
45 –46 53
,
56
,
62
,
72
,
79
,
85
,
91
,
98
,
100 –101 114 –116 118
,
123
,
125
,
130 –131 133 –137 145
,
154
,
205
,
220
,
224
,
253
,
270
,
272
,
314
,
319 –321 348 –349 364
,
367
,
372
,
477
,
519
,
540
,
607
,
626
,
643
,
671
,
675
Western Sahara
452
,
478
Western Sahara opinion
473 –474 480
Westphalia
107
,
269
,
313
,
343
,
443
,
670 –671
Whaling in the Antarctic case
68
who
520
,
528
,
580
who Codex Alimentarius
528
World Bank
301
,
366
,
369
,
416 –417 491
,
528
,
580
,
644 –645
wto
125
,
127
,
211
,
216
,
225 –226 249
,
301 –302 328 –329 331 –332 335
,
365
,
368 –369 410
,
413
,
416 –418 489
,
492
,
496
,
528 –529 531
,
546
,
578
,
580
,
589
,
602 –604 607
,
614
,
643
,
645
,
647
,
658
,
664
,
673
wto Appellate Body
34
,
534
,
603 –604 607
Yugoslavia (Former)
117
,
176
,
315
,
375
,
380
,
383
,
436
,
477 –478 484
,
544
International Tribunal for - (icty)
23
,
401
,
403
,
405
,
468
,
508
,
549
,
595
,
637