Figures
1 An artist’s impression the exterior of the Londinium Mithraeum 5
2 Relief of the bull-slaying scene from Angera 6
3 Mithraic relief from Aquileia, Italy 6
4 Rock-birth statuette from Aquincum 7
5 Standard plan of a Mithraeum 7
6 An artist’s impression the interior of the Londinium Mithraeum 8
7 Mithraeum of the Seven Spheres at Ostia (symbols substituted for images of the planets and signs of the zodiac) 9
8 Image from a series of frescos found in the Capua Mithraeum that depict Mithraic intiations. Pictured here appears to be the Pater (left), the intiate (centre), and the latter’s sponsor (right) 10
9 The Altars at the Brocolitia Mithraeum. The altar on the left is hollow, which would have allowed the image of Sol on its face to be illuminated by a candle or lamp 10
10 Mosaic from the Felicisimus Mithraeum, Ostia, which depicts the seven Mithraic grades 11
11 Cross-section of the mithraeum found at Via S. Giovanni Lanza 128. Esquiline Hill, Rome 20
12 Comparative plan of various mithraea built and adapted from the late 3rd c. onwards 22
13 Comparative plan of various mithraea built and adapted from the late 3rd c. onwards 23
14 Mithraic relief found at Dardagana 24
15 Wall painting from the Hawarte Mithraeum: a man in Persian garb (Mithras?) holding the chains of a short, black two-headed demon, while standing in front of a large white horse 25
16 Wall painting from the Hawarte Mithraeum: city wall topped by various black heads, with rays of light descending on (or attacking) them 25
17 Mithraic votives ca. AD 271–300 34
18 Mithraic votives ca. AD 301–30 35
19 Mithraic votives ca. AD 331–70 36
20 Mithraic votives ca. AD 371–400 37
21 Distribution of coin finds at the Martigny Mithraeum ca. AD 268–94 38
22 Distribution of coin finds at the Martigny Mithraeum ca. AD 330–48 38
23 Distribution of coin finds at the Martigny Mithraeum ca. AD 378–402 38
24 Fragments of a Mithraic ceramic vessel from the Bornheim-Sechtem Mithraeum 39
25 The head of Mithras from the Londinium Mithraeum 40
26 The main relief (shaded areas indicate extant fragments) from Carnuntum III 40
27 Construction and repair of Mithraea ca. AD 201–400 45
28 Construction and repair of Mithraea ca. AD 271–300 46
29 Construction and repair of Mithraea ca. AD 301–30 47
30 Construction and repair of Mithraea ca. AD 331–70 48
31 Public Building v Mithraea in Italy ca. AD 131–400 (excluding Rome) 52
32 Public Building v Mithraea in Noricum and Pannonia ca. AD 131–400 53
33 Fate of Mithraea ca. AD 271–300 69
34 Fate of Mithraea ca. AD 301–30 70
35 Fate of Mithraea ca. AD 331–70 71
36 Fate of Mithraea ca. AD 371–400 72
37 Fate of Mithraea ca. AD 401–30 73
38 The Caesarea Maritima Mithraeum 74
39 Restored bull-slaying scene from the Pons Saraavi Mithraeum 75
40 Relief of the rock-birth from the Trier Mithraeum 76
41 Relief of the bull-slaying scene at the Doliche Mithraeum 79
42 Rock-birth statuette from Carnuntum ‘III’ 80
43 Headless Rock-Birth statue from Mithraeum ‘I’ at Carnuntum 80
44 Lion statuette from Mithraeum ‘III’ at Carnuntum 81
45 The altar decorated with the personifications of the winds and seasons from Carnuntum III 81
46 Headless Mithraic statuettes from the Dieburg Mithraea 86
47 The two-sided Mithraic relief from Konjic 91
48 Artist’s impression of coins offered as votives in a mithraeum during the 4th c. 96