Figures
1 The imprint of Shahrukh’s library seal 26
2 A folio from a copy of universal history written by Hafiz-i Abru and Rashid al-Din, MSS 5–11575, fol. 406a 61
3 Different types of calligraphy in Hazine 1653 and the dispersed manuscript 71
4 The colophons of Hazine 1653 73
5 The initial shamsa of Hazine 1653 on folio 1a 76
6 Portraits and headgears 115
7 Sitting human beings 116
8 Human figures in standing position 117
9 Angels 118
10 Architectural forms 119
11 Rocks 121
12 Clouds and flames 122
13 Plants 123
14 Tree species 125
15 Animals 126
16 Warriors and battles 128
17 Personages sitting on thrones and chairs 130
18 “The prophet Salih brings forth a camel out of a rock,” detail of folio 1b from the Arabic copy of the Jamiʿ al-tawarikh 143
19 “Abraham in the fire,” detail of folio 3b from the Arabic copy of the Jamiʿ al-tawarikh 147
20 “Abraham sacrifices his son,” detail of folio 328b from Iskandar Sultan’s anthology 153
21 “Moses and the Israelites watch the Egyptians drown in the sea,” detail of folio 8b from the Arabic copy of the Jamiʿ al-tawarikh 171
22 “Moses and Korah,” detail of folio 9a from the Arabic copy of the Jamiʿ al-tawarikh 178
23 “Moses and the giant ʿUj,” detail of folio 9b from the Arabic copy of Rashid al-Din’s Jamiʿ al-tawarikh 184
24 “Moses and the giant ʿUj,” folio 199a from a copy of ʿAjaʾib al-makhluqat wa gharaʾib al-mawjudat 186
25 “Jonah and the whale,” detail of folio 23b from the Arabic copy of the Jamiʿ al-tawarikh 200
26 “Discovery of the well at Zamzam,” detail of folio 41a from the Arabic copy of the Jamiʿ al-tawarikh 204
27 “Birth of the Prophet Muhammad,” detail of folio 42a from the Arabic copy of the Jamiʿ al-tawarikh 208
28 “Muhammad’s call to prophecy and the first revelation,” detail of folio 45b from the Arabic copy of the Jamiʿ al-tawarikh 211
Cat. 1 “Adam orders Abel and Cain to sacrifice,” detail of folio 9a from a copy of Majmaʿ al-tawarikh, opaque watercolour, ink and gold on paper, Herat, ca. 1428. Topkapı Sarayı Library (Hazine 1653) 133
Cat. 2-1 “The ark of Noah,” detail of folio 12a from a copy of Majmaʿ al-tawarikh, opaque watercolour, ink and gold on paper, Herat, ca. 1428. Topkapı Sarayı Library (Hazine 1653) 140
Cat. 2-2 “The ark of Noah,” a folio from the dispersed manuscript of universal history, opaque watercolour, ink and gold on paper, Herat, ca. 1428.
The David Collection, accession number: 8/2005 141
Cat. 3 “The prophet Salih brings forth a camel out of a rock,” a folio from the dispersed manuscript of universal history, opaque watercolour, ink and gold on paper, Herat, ca. 1428. Cincinnati Art Museum, accession number: 1947.502.3 144
Cat. 4 “Abraham in the fire,” detail of folio 31b from a copy of Majmaʿ al-tawarikh, opaque watercolour, ink and gold on paper, Herat, ca. 1428. Topkapı Sarayı Library (Hazine 1653) 149
Cat. 5-1 “Abraham sacrifices his son,” detail of folio 35b from a copy of Majmaʿ al-tawarikh, opaque watercolour, ink and gold on paper, Herat, ca. 1428. Topkapı Sarayı Library (Hazine 1653) 154
Cat. 5-2 “Abraham sacrifices his son,” a folio from the dispersed manuscript of universal history, opaque watercolour, ink and gold on paper, Herat, ca. 1428. Walters Art Museum, Baltimore MD, accession number: W.676Aa 155
Cat. 6 “The prophet Jacob and his twelve sons,” detail of folio 38b from a copy of Majmaʿ al-tawarikh, opaque watercolour, ink and gold on paper, Herat, ca. 1428. Topkapı Sarayı Library (Hazine 1653) 159
Cat. 7 “Joseph before the women of Egypt,” detail of folio 41b from a copy of Majmaʿ al-tawarikh, opaque watercolour, ink and gold on paper, Herat, ca. 1428. Topkapı Sarayı Library (Hazine 1653) 162
Cat. 8 “The prophet Job lying under a tree,” a folio from the dispersed manuscript of universal history, opaque watercolour, ink and gold on paper, Herat, ca. 1428. Brooklyn Museum, New York NY, accession number: 88.27 165
Cat. 9 “Moses prevailing over Pharaoh,” a folio from the dispersed manuscript of universal history, opaque watercolour, ink and gold on paper, Herat, ca. 1428. The Minneapolis Institute of Arts, Minneapolis MN, accession number: 51.37.25 169
Cat. 10 “Moses and the Israelites watch the Egyptians drown in the sea,” a folio from the dispersed manuscript of universal history, opaque watercolour, ink and gold on paper, Herat, ca. 1428. The Keir Collection of Islamic Art on loan to the Dallas Museum of Art 173
Cat. 11 “Moses orders the Israelites to sacrifice a cow,” detail of folio 58b from a copy of Majmaʿ al-tawarikh, opaque watercolour, ink and gold on paper, Herat, ca. 1428. Topkapı Sarayı Library (Hazine 1653) 176
Cat. 12-1 “Moses and Korah,” detail of folio 59b from a copy of Majmaʿ al-tawarikh, opaque watercolour, ink and gold on paper, Herat, ca. 1428. Topkapı Sarayı Library (Hazine 1653) 180
Cat. 12-2 “Moses and Korah,” a folio from the dispersed manuscript of universal history, opaque watercolour, ink and gold on paper, Herat, ca. 1428. L.A. Mayer Museum for Islamic Art, Israel, MS 47–69 181
Cat. 13-1 “Moses striking the giant ʿUj’s ankle,” detail of folio 62a from a copy of Majmaʿ al-tawarikh, opaque watercolour, ink and gold on paper, Herat, ca. 1428. Topkapı Sarayı Library (Hazine 1653) 188
Cat. 13-2 “Moses striking the giant ʿUj’s ankle,” a folio from the dispersed manuscript of universal history, opaque watercolour, ink and gold on paper, Herat, ca. 1428. Cincinnati Art Museum, accession number: 1947.501 189
Cat. 14 “Solomon among demons, fairies, wildlife, and birds,” detail of folio 71a from a copy of Majmaʿ al-tawarikh, opaque watercolour, ink and gold on paper, Herat, ca. 1428. Topkapı Sarayı Library (Hazine 1653) 194
Cat. 15 “Jesus brings back to life Shem, the son of Noah,” a folio from the dispersed manuscript of universal history, opaque watercolour, ink and gold on paper, Herat, ca. 1428. Freer and Sackler Galleries, accession number: S1986.132 197
Cat. 16 “Jonah and the whale,” a folio from the dispersed manuscript of universal history, opaque watercolour, ink and gold on paper, Herat, ca. 1428. Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession number: 57.51.37.4 202
Cat. 17 “Excavation of the well at Zamzam,” a folio from the dispersed manuscript of universal history, opaque watercolour, ink and gold on paper, Herat, ca. 1428. The Keir Collection of Islamic Art on loan to the Dallas Museum of Art 205
Cat. 18 “Birth of the Prophet Muhammad,” a folio from the dispersed manuscript of universal history, opaque watercolour, ink and gold on paper, Herat, ca. 1428. Freer and Sackler Galleries, accession number: F2005.5 209
Cat. 19-1 “Muhammad’s call to prophecy and the first revelation,” detail of folio 154a from a copy of Jamiʿ al-tawarikh, opaque watercolour, ink and gold on paper, Herat, ca. 1428. Topkapı Sarayı Library (Hazine 1653) 212
Cat. 19-2 “Muhammad’s call to prophecy and the first revelation,” a folio from the dispersed manuscript of universal history, opaque watercolour, ink and gold on paper, Herat, ca. 1428. Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession number: 57.51.37.3 213
Cat. 20 “The Prophet Muhammad converts Abu Bakr,” (painting, recto; text, verso), folio from a manuscript of the Majmaʿ al-tawarikh, opaque watercolour, ink and gold on paper, Herat, ca. 1428, Harvard Art Museums/Arthur M. Sackler Museum, Bequest of Abby Aldrich Rockefeller, accession number: 1960.184 216
Tables
1 Some of the surviving codices, which were not produced for Shahrukh but carry the imprints of his library seal 27
2 The surviving illustrated manuscripts produced or refurbished under Shahrukh’s commission 30
3 The surviving unillustrated manuscripts produced under Shahrukh’s commission 31
4 Insertion of folios of the Divided manuscript into Hazine 1653 and the dispersed manuscript 84
5 List of some of the known inserted papers in the dispersed manuscript 97
6 Reconstruction of the illustration cycle of the known folios of the dispersed manuscript 100
7 List of some the known intact illustrated folios of the Chinese history in the dispersed manuscript 106
8 Direct influences of the compositions of the Arabic copy (the Edinburgh fragment) on the Shahrukhi illustrations of Hazine 1653 and the dispersed manuscript 112