Index
Note: Page numbers in italic type indicate illustrations.
Abe no Seimei
21
Abe no Yoshihira
26, 35, 41–42
Amaterasu Ōmikami
and mirrors
xvi, 38–-39
connection to the imperial family
157–158
role in the Daijōsai ritual
155
role in the Niinamesai ritual
159–160
Amida (Sk. Amitābha)
Amida Triad at Hōryūji
143, 163, 165–166, 167
image of placed in a gorintō
208
role in the performance of keka
153, 173, 176
Annen
58–67, 69
and the Gushi nintai sanshō himitsu hōshū
54–56, 57, 65, 69, 71, 72, 82, 83, 84
as a disciple of Ennin
58, 59n13, 59–60
as a disciple of Henjō
61, 68–69
attempted study in China
60–61
disciples of
54n2. See also Genjō; Son’i
Antoku, Emperor
See Tokihito
Asai family
373–374, 386n65
family crest
391
family tree
374
Asai sanshimai (three Asai sisters)
369n2
See also Jōkō-in; Sūgen-in; Yodo-dono
Asai Masashige
386n65
Asai Nagamasa
373–374, 386n65
portrait of
392, 393
Asai Sakuan
374, 386n65, 395–396
Asai Sukemasa
395
Atsuhito, Prince. See Daigo
Baidō Kunimasa
Saigoku, Bandō, Chichibu hyakuban Kannon reigenki (Record of one hundred miraculous Kannon from the Saigoku, Bandō, Chichibu pilgrimages), art
237
See also Saigoku pilgrimage route
birth rituals
after-care rituals
127–129
early pregnancy rituals
94–95
fertility rituals
56, 62, 64, 71–84
Kōgū osan tōjitsu shidai. See medicine and health
late pregnancy rituals
100–104
labor rituals
104–120
maternity sash ceremony (chakutai no gi)
96–99
newborn rituals
123–127
Osan buruiki. See medicine and health
Osan oinori mokuroku. See medicine and health
placenta disposal rituals
104, 105, 114, 121, 128
politics of
130–132
post-labor rituals
120–122
performed by ajari (esoteric Buddhist masters)
113, 126
performed by genja (practitioners who specialize in spirit possession)
110, 113, 119
Ususama ritual (ususama hō) to have a baby boy
103
See also Annen; ‘Gushi nintai sanshō himitsu hōshū’; Taira no Tokushi
Bishamonten (also known as Tamonten)
figure at Hōryūji
142, 143, 145, 163, 164, 177
role in Kichijō keka
166–167, 169–170, 172, 173, 174, 176
pairing with Kichijōten
150, 162–163
See also Four Heavenly Kings
Bōkaku
involvement in the birth rituals for Prince Tokihito
103n50, 110, 126, 127
See also birth rituals, performed by genja
Buddhism
esoterism
58–61, 66–67
reception in Japan
22, 154–157
relic veneration in
182, 184, 185–186, 203, 206–207, 208, 209, 213–214
women and
204, 211, 221–222. See also dharma lineage
Buddhist image-making
and adornment (shōgon)
167, 184, 358–359
for birth rituals
99, 102, 117–119
for the Golden Hall at Hōryūji
165–166
childbirth
pollution from
91, 101, 104, 122, 126–127, 133
See also birth rituals
Chōtokuin (temple)
321–322, 336
presentation of Mugai Nyodai’s kesa to Shinnyoji by
298, 320
See also Shōkokuji
cloth
bast fiber
37
donations to temples and convents (general)
354, 358, 365
donations to temples and convents (curtains)
343, 349, 354, 356–357, 360, 365
ritual uses of curtains
30, 38, 105, 108, 120, 358–365
See also ‘hibutsu’; ‘kesa’
convents
bikuni gosho (nun’s palaces) system
278
established by the ladies-in-waiting of Jōkō-in
387–388
Five Mountain Convent (Amagozan/Amadera Gozan) system
270, 278, 313–314
kokubunniji (state-sponsored nunneries)
148
See also Daishōji; Hōkyōji; Hōjiin; Keiaiji
Daigo, Emperor
69, 70–71
Daigoji (temple)
208, 210, 213
Sanbōin sub-temple of
206, 213
See also Enkōin; Shunjōbō Chōgen; ‘Sonshō darani hō’
Daijōsai (Great Thanksgiving) ritual
155–156, 159–160, 161
See also ‘kami’ beliefs; Kōken-Shōtoku
Daishōji (convent)
13, 269, 276, 277, 278, 281
onki honoring Mugai Nyodai held at
283, 287, 289, 291, 294, 298, 299, 300
portrait of Mugai Nyodai at, inscribed by Taikyo Kenrei
284, 285, 297
See also convents; Mugai Nyodai
death
pollution from
186
taboos against mourning
45–46, 199
See also funerary rituals
dharma lineage
and imperial lineage
202–203, 209–210
and women
275
of the Rinzai school
270, 291, 304–305
See also Keiaiji, lineage of abbesses
Dōji kyō (Sutra of Child Attendants)
98n31
and birth rituals
65, 97
dokujin (earth god)
23, 31–33, 45, 47
See also ‘kami’ beliefs
Dōkyō
155, 157, 158, 161
Eiga monogatari (A Tale of Flowering Fortunes)
350
Emperor Yu
42n65
See also house-moving rituals, spirit pacification
Emishi tribes
See funerary rituals
Enkōin
182, 197
burial of gōrinto at
183–187, 203, 210
Ennin
59–60
Nittō guhō junrei kōki (Records of pilgrimage in search of the Dharma upon entering the Tang kingdom)
59n14
transmission of the rite of āveśa (Abisha hō)
110n64
En’yū, Emperor
343, 349
pilgrimage to Ishiyamadera depicted in the Ishiyamadera engi e
353, 357, 358
five elements (gogyō)
xi, 22, 29–30, 31, 33, 187–188
See also ‘gorintō’; ‘onmyōdō’
Four Heavenly Kings (Shitennō)
141n2
figures at Hōryūji
141, 143, 163, 164-–165, 167, 177
role in Kichijō keka
153, 162
Fujiwara line of regents (sekkanke)
68, 84, 131–132
funerary rituals of
199
Fujiwara no Akirakeiko (Meishi)
67, 68
Fujiwara no Kenshi (Katako)
182–215
birth of Prince Atsufumi
210
birth of Prince Taruhito
210
burial at Enkōin
185, 197–198, 201–203, 213
gorintō reliquary of
183–187, 184
memorial halls dedicated to
202
Fujiwara no Kuniyoshi’s wife
pilgrimage to Ishiyamadera depicted in the Ishiyamadera engi e
348n15, 364
Fujiwara no Michinaga
and Higashisanjō-in
351, 355
and the Fujiwara line of regents
202
and ritual uses of curtains
360
funerary rituals for the female relatives of
198–200
in the Eiga monogatari
350
Midō-kanpaku-ki
23, 35
move to the Higashi Sanjō Palace
25n11, 26, 46
Fujiwara no Michitsuna’s mother
acts of pilgrimage
227, 348n15
involvement in house moving rituals
48n74
Fujiwara no Morozane
and Fujiwara no Kenshi
197, 204, 208
and Rinshi
200, 204
move to the Kazan’in residence. See house-moving rituals
Fujiwara no Mototsune
69
and the Gushi nintai sanshō himitsu hōshū
70–71
Fujiwara no Muneko
See Tōin-no-tsubone
Fujiwara no Norimichi
199
Fujiwara no Onshi (Yasuko)
69, 70–71, 75, 84
birth of Prince Yasuakira
70
Fujiwara no Sadako (also known as Imabayashi no Sadako)
314–315
Fujiwara no Sanesuke
move to the Ono no Miya Palace
26, 41–43, 46–47
Fujiwara no Senshi
See Higashisanjō-in
Fujiwara no Tadachika
See Nakayama Tadachika
Fujiwara no Tadazane
200–201
Chūgaishō [diary]
198
Fujiwara no Tokihira
69, 70–71
Fujiwara no Yoshifusa
67–68, 71
funerary rituals
burials of women
198–205
cremation
186–188, 197, 199–200, 371, 376
gyakushu (death rituals before you die)
6, 321, 371, 373, 385, 386–388, 396
internment of bones inside statues and altars
183, 201, 204–205, 210
of the northeastern Emishi tribes
214
onki (memorial ceremonies). See Daishōji; Hōkyōji; Hōjiin; Shinnyoji; Shōkenji
See also ‘gorintō’
Fushimi, Emperor
patronage of Ishiyamadera
346n12
Gakuin Ekatsu (also known as Busui Seizoku Kokushi)
kesa associated with
320–322
Genjō
54n2, 66n38
Genpei War
92n13
Gettei Munin
See Keiaiji, lineage of abbesses
Gien
187, 192, 205
Daigoji shin’yōroku
192–198, 195, 196
Gihan
186, 208, 213
and the Sonshō butchō shuhō ritual
206
relationship with Hanjun
210–211
Godaigo, Emperor
255, 366
politics at the court of
344–346
rebellion against the Kamakura shogunate
346
gogyō
See five elements
Golden Light Sutra, the King of Sutras (Konkōmyō saishōōokyo)
146, 147–150
during the Shushōe New Year service
167, 170, 174
function in Kichijō keka
154, 156, 157, 161–162, 164, 175
placement of Buddha figures at Hōryūji and
165, 166, 167, 176
See also Gosaie
Gomizunoo, Emperor
and Shinnyoji
279
goō hōin (paper talismans)
9, 170, 172, 175, 175
gorintō (five-elements pagoda)
183–185, 187–191, 205–215
and Buddha relics
182, 185, 187, 208
and the Sonshō darani hō
183–184
bronze gorintō of Jōdoji
191, 193
gilt bronze gorintō of Konomiya Shrine
184, 191, 192
in the Goji jōshin zu
190
in Kakuban’s Gorin kuji hisshaku
189, 191, 205–206
interment under
186–187, 188, 208–210
origin of
191, 206–207. See also Gihan; Hanjun
rock crystal gorintō of Amidaji
191, 193
stone gorintō at Chūsonji
205
triangular gorintō shape
205–207, 208
See also Fujiwara no Kenshi; Shunjōbō Chōgen
Gosaie (Misaie) New Year ritual
162–163, 166, 176n93
See also ‘Kichijō keka’
Goshirakawa, Emperor
84, 92, 131
commissioning of the Hikohohodemi-no-mikoto emaki [illustrated handscroll]
122
conflict with Taira no Kiyomori
94, 133
involvement in the birth rituals for Prince Tokihito
105, 110–112, 130n125
See also ‘insei’ era
Gushi nintai sanshō himitsu hōshū (Collection of Secret Methods on Seeking Offspring, Pregnancy, and Childbirth)
53–85
and the cult of Kariteimo
54, 57, 77–84
birth rituals discussed in
55–56
female infertility discussed in
62–63, 64, 71–77
pregnancy complications discussed in
65
translations of Buddhist scriptures contained in
56, 62–64, 72–74
gyakushu
See funerary rituals
Hakuin Ekaku
Oniazami (Wild Thistles)
292
portrait of Chiyono [Mugai Nyodai]
292, 293
visits to Imperial convents
292, 292n59–60
See also Mugai Nyodai
Hanjun
213
and the Sonshō butchō shuhō ritual
207
relationship with Gihan
210–211
haraobi (protective sash for pregnancy)
at Nakayamadera
257–258, 259, 260
at Suitengū Shrine
258
Hasedera (temple)
pilgrimage to
227, 359
Hatsu-hime
376, 384, 385, 395
Heike monogatari (Tale of the Heike)
90n6, 93, 106–107, 112
Heike monogatari emaki (Illustrated handscrolls of the Tale of the Heike)
106, 107
Heike nōkyō [Heike Lotus Sutra]
211–212
hibutsu (secret icons)
228
at Ishiyamadera
347, 362
Higashisanjō-in
343–344, 345, 349–351
pilgrimage to Ishiyamadera
353–358, 356, 359–361, 360, 362, 365–366
Hikohohodemi-no-mikoto emaki (Illustrated handscrolls of Prince Hikohohodemi)
122, 123
Hindu deities in Japan
147
Hino Tomiko
383
See also portraiture
Hoke kyō (The Lotus Sutra)
117, 147
Hokkeji (convent)
154, 249–250
Hōkyōji (convent)
269, 271, 276–278, 279, 281
kesa transmission document preserved at
309, 310. See also Keiaiji, lineage of abbesses
onki honoring Mugai Nyodai held at
283, 287, 294, 298, 300
portrait of Mugai Nyodai, inscribed by Taikyo Kenrei, at
283–287, 286
Seizan (alternate name of)
283n35
See also convents; Tokugon Rihō
Hōjiin (convent)
269, 310
onki honoring Mugai Nyodai held at
299n76, 300
portrait sculpture of Mugai Nyodai at
271, 272, 279, 281, 283, 284
See also convents; Keiaiji
Horikawa, Emperor
182, 197, 201, 203, 205, 215
birth rituals for
121n99
burial of
208–211
Hōryūji (temple)
141
exposition of the Golden Light Sutra at
167, 170
founding by Prince Shōtoku
176–177
Kichijō keka performances at
146, 163–167, 168–169, 175, 176, 177
list of icons in the Kondō nikki (Diary of the Golden Hall)
164–166
Shushōe New Year services at
167–175
See also Kichijō keka
Hosshōji (temple)
founding by Emperor Shirakawa
202, 203–204
Hosshōji (temple)
earliest surviving representation of a gorintō at
205
house-moving rituals (shintaku ishi)
21–22, 24–49
Buddhist participation in
46–47
house-protecting talismans
26–27, 47
Kamo no Michihira, house-moving order (ishi sahō kamon) for Fujiwara no Morozane
27–47, 28
participation of women in
30, 32, 38–41, 48–49
spirit pacification ritual (henbai)
41–43
use of horse tack in
36–37
use of oxen in
31–32
Ikuhoōmon-in (Princess Teishi)
burial of
199, 204
insei era (rule of the retired emperors)
112n70, 202–203, 211
See also Goshirakawa; Uda
Ise Shrine
See ‘kami’ beliefs, Niinamesai
Ishiyamadera (temple)
343, 366
Nyoirin Kannon of
351–352, 361–364
pilgrimage to
227, 345, 347–349, 351, 353–358
Ishiyamadera engi e (Illustrated legends of Ishiyamadera)
343–366, 356, 357, 360, 362, 363
and the Tōin family
344–347
copy by Tani Bunchō
357
Itsukushima Shrine
Heike nōkyō offered at
212
rituals for Taira no Tokushi’s pregnancy performed at
94–95, 106, 130
Jianzhen (Jp. Ganjin)
monastic rules for kesa by
333
Jien
Gukanshō
203, 208, 350–351
Jikokuten
See Four Heavenly Kings
Jitsuzen
involvement in the birth rituals for Prince Tokihito
95, 110, 126, 127
See also birth rituals, performed by genja
Jōkō-in (also known as Hatsu)
369, 373–376, 384–385, 386–391, 397
ladies-in-waiting of
387–388
portrait of
370, 376–380, 388–389, 391, 394–395, 396
See also Asai family; Kyōgoku family; portraiture
Jōkōji (temple)
371, 385, 386–388
founding and construction of
375–376
portrait of Jōkō-in at
369n1, 377–378, 379
Jōnen
Gyōrinshō (Compendium on walking in the forest)
65, 82
Jōsaimon-in
involvement in the birth rituals for Prince Tokihito
129
Junnin, Emperor
154, 155
Kakukai
involvement in the birth rituals for Prince Tokihito
108–110, 115, 117n81
Kakuzei
involvement in the birth rituals for Prince Tokihito
114n77, 117n81
kamadogami (cooking stove god)
23, 34–36, 44–45
kami beliefs
23, 30, 37, 44–47, 158–159
and mirrors
38–39
household kami (yakatsukami/takushin or iegami)
44–45, 46
Kannamesai (festival of the deities’ tasting)
159
Kichijō keka and
142, 160–161
Niinamesai (festival of the new [crop] tasting)
159–160
See also ‘dokujin’; ‘kamadogami’
Kanimanji (temple)
236, 238
See also Mimurotoji
Kannon (Sk. Avalokiteśvara, Ch. Guanyin)
and birth rituals
64, 68, 95
and women
351–352
figure at the Yumedono Hall, Hōryūji
242
gendered identity of
248–251
Gyoran Kannon (Fish-Basket Kannon)
248, 251
Jibo Kannon (Compassionate Mother Kannon)
251
Jūichimen Kannon (Eleven-Headed Kannon)
153
Maria Kannon (Mary)
251
six manifestations of (roku kannon)
102
See also ‘Kannon pilgrimage’; ‘Saigoku pilgrimage route’
Kannon gyō (The Kannon Sutra)
117, 225–226, 300
Kannonji
See Kannonshōji
Kannon pilgrimage
226–229
Gyoranji (temple)
251
Ōura Kannondō (temple)
258
Nichienji (temple)
224
thirty-three-stop routes
226n10, 227
See also Saigoku pilgrimage route
Kannon reigenki (Chronicle of Kannon miracles) [woodblock print series]
222, 260
Kannonshōji print
244–247, 246
Mimurotoji print
233–237, 235
Okadera print
230–231, 232
production of
233n25
Kannon reijōki zue (Illustrated record of sacred Kannon places) [illustrated handscroll]
224–225
Mimurotoji section
242–243, 244
Okadera section
229–230, 230
Kannonshōji/Kannonji (temple)
221, 244–248, 260
See also ‘Kannon reigenki’
Karakumon-in
portrait of
383
Karin Egon
335
See also Keiaiji, lineage of abbesses
Kariteimo (Sk. Hārītī)
54, 57, 98n31
as depicted in the Kakuzensho
79, 82–83
Kishimo (alternate name)
11, 54
role in fertility rituals
77–84
role in maternity sash ceremony
98–99
kechien (formation of karmic bonds with a Buddhist deity)
See ‘ofuda’
Keiaiji (convent)
308–309
and the Five Mountain Convent system
335
connection to Daishōji and Hōkyōji
276–278, 290
destroyed in the Ōnin wars
271, 309
founding by Mugai Nyodai
270, 304, 307
lineage of abbesses
309–316
transfer of a portrait sculpture of Mugai Nyodai to Hōjiin
271
Wuxue Zuyuan and
334
See also Mugai Nyodai, transmission of Nyodai’s kesa
keka
150–154
See also ‘Kichijō keka’
Kenkaku
involvement in the birth rituals for Prince Tokihito
96–97
Kenreimon-in
See Taira no Tokushi
Kenshōin (sub-temple of Keiaiji)
and the kesa of Mugai Nyodai
314, 316, 320, 335–336
kesa
and investiture rituals
308–309, 316–318
fabric patterns and weaves
284, 321, 322, 323–330, 328, 329, 330, 331, 333, 334, 335
depicted in portraits
279, 283, 284, 294, 297, 369
displayed during onki
298
nine-panel
278, 305, 320–321, 321, 334–337
rakusu (five-panel)
327, 378n38
seven-panel
289, 321
dating of
327, 329–330
twenty-five panel
278, 332–333, 333
See also Mugai Nyodai
Kichijō keka
141–177
at Hōryūji
146, 163–176
at Tōdaiji
154
at Yakushiji
146
during the Shushōe New Year service
167–176
earliest performance of
154, 156–158
performances recorded in the Shoku Nihongi
154–158, 161
See also ‘Golden Light Sutra’; Kichijōten; Kōken-Shōtoku
Kichijōten (Kisshōten)
142, 146, 147–150
figures at Hōryūji
143, 144, 151, 163, 164, 166
figure at Yakushiji
150, 152
pairing with Bishamonten
150, 162–163
role in Shushōe New Year service
167, 169–170, 174, 175–176
See also Hindu deities in Japan, ‘Kichijō keka’
Kōdai-in (also known as Nene)
portrait of
377, 380, 384, 392–393, 397
Kōgyoku, Emperor
performance of keka under
153, 158
ruled as Saimei, Emperor
3
Kōhō Keishū
335
See also Keiaiji, lineage of abbesses
Kōhō Kennichi
308n13
also known as Bukkoku Kokushi
277
kesa associated with
327
Mudai Nyodai’s letters to
277, 308, 315
portrait sculpture of
288
See also Musō Soseki
Kōken-Shōtoku, Emperor
142, 154–155, 157
embrace of Buddhism
155–156
establishment of the Kichijō keka ritual
154, 156–158, 161
famine during the reign of
160
Kōmokuten
See Four Heavenly Kings
Kōmyō, Empress
154, 250
Kona-hime
384–385, 391, 395
Kōnin, Emperor
157, 158, 161, 241
Koretaka, Prince
67
Kudokuten
See Kichijōten
Kūkai
as depicted in the Kannon reijōki zue
229–230, 230, 231
See also Okadera
Kyōgoku family
394–395
family tree
374
memorial temple (Seiryūji)
375
See also Asai family
Kyōgoku Tadataka
384–385, 386–387, 394–395
Kyōgoku Takatsugu
371, 374–375
portrait of
378
Kyōgoku Tatsuko
See Matsu no Maru
Kyōmuro Eshō
See Keiaiji, lineage of abbesses
Liji (Book of Rites)
128
Madenokōji Jishō
309, 316–318, 336
See also Keiaiji
Madenokōji Jishun
316
Madenokōji Tokifusa
316, 317–318, 336
mani jewel (hōju)
184–185, 207–208, 211
becoming the mani jewel in death
208
conflation with the jewel of the Japanese imperial regalia
214–215
rituals performed to ensure safe childbirth
352
Mantei Ōga (also known as Hattori Ōga)
Saigoku, Bandō, Chichibu hyakuban Kannon reigenki (Record of one hundred miraculous Kannon from the Saigoku, Bandō, Chichibu pilgrimages), text
237
Matsu no Maru
374n16
portrait of
380, 382, 392–393
medicine and health
Āyurveda
74–76
causes of illness
25, 32–33, 35, 45
Kōgū osan tōjitsu shidai (Procedures during the Day of the Royal Consort’s Labor)
55, 77n66
medical manuals
55–56, 67n40, 120
Osan buruiki (Miscellaneous Records of Royal Childbirths)
56, 77n66
Osan oinori mokuroku (List of rituals for royal birth)
55, 77n66, 83, 255
senshōshi herbal medicine
97
Tanba no Yasuyori
Ishinpō, (Essentials of Medicine), 55, 56n6, 72, 75n58, 89, 120
See also ‘Gushi nintai sanshō himitsu hōshū’
Meiji, Emperor, birth of
257, 260
Mieidō
fire at
192–194
See also ‘gorintō’
Mimurotoji (temple)
221, 233–243, 260
See also ‘Kannon reigenki’; ‘Kannon reijōki zue’
Minamoto no Tamenori
Sanbō ekotoba (Illustrated account of the three jewels)
162–163
See also Gosaie
mirrors
xvi–xvii, 38–40, 39
in funerary rituals
39
in house-moving rituals
38, 40, 48
Montoku, Emperor
59, 67–68
Mt. Hiei
59–60, 221
See also Buddhism, esoterism
Mt. Koya
221
See also Buddhism, esoterism
Mudan
See Keiaiji, lineage of abbesses
Mugai Nyodai
as a discipline of Enni Ben’en
270
as a disciple of Wuxue Zuyuan
270, 274, 291, 305, 306–307
biographies of
270n2, 283, 291n55, 292, 299, 306, 308
childhood name of
306, 332
Chiyono Nyodai oshō ki (Story of Chiyono)
332
founding of Shōmyakuan (Shinnyoji)
271
interment at Shōmyakuan (Shinnyoji)
278
kesa associated with
278, 304–337
memorialization of
269–301
marriage to Kanazawa Sanetoki
306n6
Mujaku (pseudonym)
270n2, 307, 332
Nyodai zenshi shoden (Tale of Mugai)
332
portraits of
xiii, 271, 272, 278–279, 280, 281, 282, 283–287, 285, 286, 294, 295, 296, 297–298
transmission of kesa belonging to
309–316
waka poem by
276, 277
writings of
275–278
Mugaku Sogen
See Wuxue Zuyuan
Murakami, Emperor
move to the Reizei’in Palace
30
Murasaki Shikibu
viii, ix
and other women writers
xii, 23
pilgrimage to Ishiyamadera
348, 351
Musō Soseki
271, 322
as a disciple of Kōhō Kennichi
313
development of the Five Mountain Temples (gozan) system
313, 335
disciples of
272, 312
kesa associated with
322, 336
portrait sculpture of
288
Myōshinji (temple)
386
See also ‘gyakushu’
Nakayamadera (temple)
221, 248–258, 260
and safe childbirth
255–257
Nakayamadera engi (Legend of the founding of Nakayamadera)
250, 253, 355
Shiunzan Nakayamadera ki (Records of Nakayamadera, Purple Cloud Mountain)
251, 255–256, 257
Nakayama Tadachika
involvement in the birth rituals for Prince Tokihito
98n28, 104, 117n81
Sankaiki
90, 108, 116
Nakayama Yoshiko
birth of Emperor Meiji
257
Ninnō gyō (The Benevolent Kings Sutra)
147
and birth rituals
102
and house-moving rituals
46
Nyoutsu/Nyokū
See Keiaiji, lineage of abbesses
Odani Castle
373–374
Oda Nobunaga
portrait of
392, 394
ofuda (printed talismans)
acquisition from temples
223–224, 242, 260
from Nakayamadera
250, 252, 253
and kechien
223–226, 258, 260
ritual consumption of
224–225, 260
Oichi no kata
373, 374, 376n23
Okadera (temple)
221, 229–233, 260
Ryūgaiji (formal name)
229
See also ‘Kannon reigenki’; ‘Kannon reijōki zue’
onmyōdō (yin-yang practice)
21, 22–24
Otomae
ix–x
pilgrimage
See Ishiyamadera; Kannon pilgrimage; Saigoku pilgrimage route
portraiture
371–373
and adornment (shōgon)
379
commissioning of
380–385
deified figures in
380, 383–384
Kanō school artists and
388–389
of women
376–377, 384, 386, 396
use of family crests in
391–396
Reishi
burial of
204, 214
Richō, Abbess
successor of Tokugon Rihō
291
Richū, Abbess (also known as Kōtoku-in)
281
Rien
See Keiaiji, lineage of abbesses
Rihō
See Fujiwara no Sadako
Rikō
See Keiaiji, lineage of abbesses
Rinshi (also known as Takatsukasa-den)
198–200, 201, 204, 209
Rishū (daughter of Emperor Gokōmatsu)
See Keiaiji, lineage of abbesses
Rishū (daughter of Emperor Gotsuchimikado, attributed)
See Keiaiji, lineage of abbesses
Ryōshō-in (also known as Toku-hime)
portrait of
392
Ryūkatei Tanekazu
Kahada mura kojo (The Dutiful Woman of Kahada Village) from Kokon honcho meijo hyaku den (One hundred stories of famous women of our country, ancient and modern), text
238n35
Ryūken
involvement in the birth rituals for Prince Tokihito
113
See also birth rituals, performed by ajari
Saichō
59
Saigoku (Saikoku) pilgrimage route
226–261
Kannongyō ryakuzukai (Kannon Sutra with abbreviated illustrations and annotations)
225–226
Kegonji (temple)
227
Kinshōji (temple)
251
Saigoku sanjūsansho Kannon reigenki zue (Illustrated record of the miracles of the Saigoku thirty-three)
237
Saigoku sanjūsansho Kannon rishōki (Record of divine favor of the Saigoku thirty-three)
233, 234, 238, 239
Saigoku sanjūsansho Kannon rishōki zue (Illustrated record of divine favor of the Saigoku thirty-three)
237, 242, 243
Rokkakudō (Chōhōji). See ‘ofuda’
Seigantoji (temple)
227
See also Kannonshōji; Mimurotoji; Nakayamadera; Okadera
Śākyamuni (Jp. Shaka)
and Kariteimo
78
and Kichijōten
149, 167
and Śrīmālā (Jp. Shōman Bunin)
249
Shaka Triad at Hōryūji
141, 143, 163, 164–166, 170, 177
figure at Shinnyoji
290
Sanbōin
See Daigoji
Seitoku-in (also known as Kame-hime)
portraits of
377, 380, 392, 397
Shinga
and the Nyoirin Kannon ritual
68
Shinkōan
See Shinnyoji, ‘onki’ for Mugai Nyodai at
Shinnyoji (temple)
269, 271, 278–281, 290–291
as a mortuary temple for Hōkyōji
279–281
onki for Mugai Nyodai at
270, 283–289, 294, 298–299
portrait of Mugai Nyodai by Imei Shukei, inscribed by Daiten Kenjō
294, 296, 297–298
portrait sculpture of Mugai Nyodai at
278–279, 280
restoration of portraits by Tōji Jōkei
298
See also convents
shintaku ishi
See house-moving rituals
Shirakawa, Emperor
182–183, 197, 199, 201, 213, 214–215
and the politics of funerary rituals
202, 203–205, 210–211
burial at Kōryūji
208–209
Shōkenji (temple)
269, 281–283, 291, 292
kesa preserved at
278, 331–333, 333, 334 (detail), 335 (detail), 337
onki for Mugai Nyodai held at
283, 289–290, 294, 298, 299, 300
portrait of Mugai Nyodai by Nakami, inscribed by Myōkō Kanjin, at
294, 295
portrait sculpture of Mugai Nyodai by Hanbei at
281, 282, 283
restoration by Hōkyōji abbesses
281
See also convents
Shōkokuji (temple)
affiliation with Shinnyoji
271, 298
and the Five Mountain temple system
314
kesa preserved at
304, 305, 318–320, 320–331, 328 (detail), 329 (detail), 330 (detail), 331 (detail), 336
Shōmu, Emperor
and the Golden Light Sutra
148, 154
patronage of Ishiyamadera
345, 361–362
Shōmyakuan/Shōmyakuin (temple)
See Shinnyoji
Shōtoku, Prince
and the legend of the founding of Kannonshōji
244–245, 246
and Kannon prints from Nakayamadera
249–250, 252
role in Kichijō keka
170, 173, 176
Shukaku
involvement in the birth rituals for Prince Tokihito
97n25, 101, 109, 114, 115
Shungyō
involvement in the birth rituals for Prince Tokihito
110, 126, 127
See also birth rituals, performed by genja
Shunjōbō Chōgen
191, 205–207, 213
See also ‘gorintō’
Shushōe
142
See also Hōryūji; ‘Kichijō keka’
Somedono no kisaki
See Fujiwara no Akirakeiko (Meishi)
Son’i
66n38
Sugawara no Michizane
70
Sūgen-in (also known as Gō)
371, 374, 385, 395
Gō: Himetachi no sengoku (Taiga drama and exhibition)
369n2
communication with Jōkō-in
389
portrait of
370–371
See also Asai family
Taira family
involvement in the birth rituals for Prince Tokihito
94–99, 101–107, 115–119, 120–121, 123–124, 129
Taira no Kiyomori
92, 101–102
conflict with Goshirakawa
94, 133
political aspirations of
95, 131
Taira no Shigemori
101–102, 112
Taira no Tokiko
92, 130, 133
Taira no Tokushi (Kenreimon-in)
92–93
birth of Prince Tokihito
92, 120–122
ladies-in-waiting of
120
pregnancy
94–120
presentation of the Heike nōkyō on behalf of
212
rituals performed at temples and shrines for
106
Takakura, Emperor
marriage to Taira no Tokushi
89, 92, 94
political struggle with his father, Goshirakawa
131, 133
ritual role during the birth of Prince Tokihito
97, 125–126, 128, 129, 130, 131
talismans
See ‘goō hōin’; house-moving rituals; ‘ofuda’
Tamonten
See Bishamonten; Four Heavenly Kings
Tanba no Yasuyori
Ishinpō (Essentials of Medicine)
See medicine and health
Taruhito, Prince
See Horikawa, Emperor
Tekkan
See Keiaiji, lineage of abbesses
Tenryūji (temple)
313, 327
Tōdaiji (temple)
gorintō placed inside the Daibutsu at
213
Tōfukumon-in
321, 385, 389
Tōhō E’nichi
335
See also Keiaiji, lineage of abbesses
Tokihito, Prince (Emperor Antoku)
89, 92–93, 93n14, 110, 113n74
birth of
120–122
birth scene in the Heike monogatari emaki
106–107, 107
See also birth rituals
Tōin family
345–347
See also ‘Ishiyamadera engi e’
Tōin Kinkata
344–345, 366
Tōin Kōshu
344n4
Tōin-no-tsubone
involvement in the birth rituals for Prince Tokihito
120, 123, 124, 124n105, 132
Tōin Saneo
345
Tōin Yakushu
344n4
Tokugawa Hidetada
371, 374
portrait of
389–391, 390
See also Sūgen-in
Tokugawa Iemitsu
385, 387
Tokugawa Ieyasu
conflict with the Toyotomi family
374–375, 389
portrait of
380, 381, 383–384
Tokugawa Masako
See Tōfukumon-in
Tokugon Rihō
290, 290–292
Kochō no yumegatari (Story of the dream of a butterfly) [biography of Mugai Nyodai]
291n55, 308
poems comparing Rihō to Mugai Nyodai
292
presentation of Mugai Nyodai’s dark brown twenty-five panel kesa to Shōkenji
332
Tōritenjōji (temple)
and safe childbirth
256
Toyotomi Hideyori
374, 389
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
portraits of
383–384
relationship with the Asai family
371, 374, 388
See also Yodo-dono
Tsūgenji (convent)
313
Uda, Emperor
69–70
and the development of the insei system
202
Utagawa Hiroshige ii
See ‘Kannon reigenki’
Utagawa Kunisada (Toyokuni iii)
See ‘Kannon reigenki’
Utagawa Kuniyoshi
Kahada mura kojo (The Dutiful Woman of Kahada Village) from Kokon honcho meijo hyaku den (One hundred stories of famous women of our country, ancient and modern), art
238, 240
See also Ryūkatei Tanekazu
Wuxue Zuyuan (Jp. Mugaku Sōgen)
also known as Bukkō Kokushi
270, 305, 332
also known as Bukkō Zenshi
310
also known as Enman Jōshō Kokushi
274n15
as a teacher of Kōhō Kennichi
308n13
as a teacher of Mugai Nyodai
270, 274, 291, 305, 306–307
Bukkō Kokushi goroku (Sayings of Zen Master Wuxue)
306–307
portrait sculpture of
288
transmission of his kesa to Mugai Nyodai
310, 332
Yakushi (Sk. Bhaiṣajyaguru)
figure at Hōryūji
141, 143, 163, 164–167, 176
rituals performed to during the birth of Prince Tokihito
95, 102, 115–117, 125
rituals to
61
role in childbirth rituals
91
role in Kichijō keka
153, 174
Yasuakira, Prince
70
Yodo-dono (also known as Chacha)
369n2, 371, 374, 375, 389, 395
portraits of
370n3
See also Asai family
Yokoyama Katsurako (poet)
pilgrimage to Nakayamadera
256
Yijing (Jp. Gihō) (translator)
and the Golden Light Sutra
147–148, 166, 167, 176
See also ‘Gushi nintai sanshō himitsu hōshū’
Zekkai Chūshin
271–274
also known as Butchi Kōshō Kokushi
271
eulogy for Mugai Nyodai
269, 274–275
poem for Mugai Nyodai’s death anniversary
308n18
Zengen
involvement in the birth rituals for Prince Tokihito
95, 113, 126
See also birth rituals, performed by ajari
Zōchōten
See Four Heavenly Kings