1.1 Lucas Cranach the Elder and anonymous, Jael and Sisera, 1530 and ca. 1600, painting, Stiftung Preussische Schlösser & Gärten Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin, Germany 11
1.2 Lucas Cranach the Elder, Judith, restored (formerly Jael and Sisera), 1530, painting, Stiftung Preussische Schlösser & Gärten Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin, Germany 12
1.3 Bartolomeo Veneto and anonymous, Portrait of a Jewish Woman/Jael, ca. 1520 and 17th century, Private Collection, Milan, Italy 17
2.1 Lucas van Leyden, Jael and Sisera, from the Small Power of Women, ca. 1518, woodcut, 245 × 175 mm 40
2.2 Jan Saenredam after Hendrick Goltzius, Jael and Sisera, 1595, engraving, 295 × 206 mm 42
2.3 Matthias Greuter, Jael with the Head of Sisera, 1586, engraving, 109 × 85 mm, British Museum, London 43
2.4 Jael and Sisera, Saint Louis Psalter, ca. 1253–1270, Bibliothèque nationale de France Latin 10525, fol. 48 45
2.5 Jael and Sisera, Morgan Picture Bible, Morgan Ms. M 638, fol. 12, ca. 1250, The Pierpont Morgan Library, New York,
2.6 Jael and Sisera, Queen Mary Psalter, ca. 1310–1320, Royal 2 B vii, fol. 33 47
2.7 Bartholomaeus Spranger, Jael and Sisera, late 16th century, Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenhagen, Denmark 48
2.8 Artemisia Gentileschi, Jael and Sisera, 1620, oil on canvas, 86 × 125 cm, Signed on pilaster strip: artemitia lomi facibat mdcxx. Inv.: 75.11, Museum of Fine Arts (Szepmuveszeti Muzeum), Budapest, Hungary 49
2.9 Salomon de Bray, Jael, Deborah, and Barak, oil on panel, 1635 50
2.10 Hans Speckaert, Jael Showing the Body of Sisera to Barak, ca. 1570, oil on canvas, Museum Boijmans van Beuningen, 167.5 × 169.5 52
2.11 Giuseppe Vermiglio, Yael and Sisera, ca. 1620, oil on canvas, 130 × 103 cm, Inv. 1197, Pinacoteca Ambrosiana, Milan 53
2.12 The Battle of Sisera and Barak (Top) and Jael and Sisera (Bottom), Christherre-Chronik, 14th century, Hs. 472, fol. 171 55
2.13 Jael and Sisera, Wenzel-Bibel, 1401/1402. Museum Plantin-Moretus, Antwerp, Belgium 56
2.14 Victory of Humility (Humilitas) over Pride (Superbia) with Jael and Judith, Speculum virginum, British Library
2.15 Victory of Humility (Humilitas) over Pride (Superbia) with Jael and Judith, Speculum virginum ad Theodorum (libri duodecim), Stift Zwettl, Austria, Codex Zwettlensis 180, f. 45v, 12th/13th century 60
2.16 Jael and Sisera, Mirror of Human Salvation, Musée Condé, Ms. 139, fol. 32, ca. 1450, Château de Chantilly, Chantilly, France 62
2.17 Jael and Sisera, Speculum humanae salvationis, ca. 1450.
2.18 Triumph of Fortitude, ca. 1530–40, Flemish, wool and silk tapestry, 14’6” × 18’7”, The Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco 64
3.1 Jan van Eyck (or circle), Jael and Sisera, ca. 1440, pen and black ink on paper with grey wash and traces of red, 134 × 100 mm, Herzog Anton Ulrich Museum, Braunschweig 70
3.2 Anonymous, Jael and Sisera, Flemish stained glass, early 16th century, Begbrook, England 79
3.3 Hans Bock, Equestrian Combat with Jael and Sisera, ca. 1570, pen and brush on paper, 92 × 300 mm 82
3.4 Anonymous, Jael and Sisera, 17th century, oil on canvas, Ghent, Stadhuis, 114 × 89 cm 84
3.5 Hans Baldung Grien, Bewitched Groom, ca. 1544, woodcut, 339 × 200 mm 85
3.6 Sebald Beham, Frieze with naked men and horsemen in combat with Jael killing Sisera in a tent, ca. 1540–50, pen and brown ink with grey wash on paper, 49 × 268 mm, British Museum, London 86
3.7 Sebald Beham, Frieze with naked men in combat with Mucius Scaevola putting his hand in the fire, ca. 1540–50, pen and brown ink with grey wash on paper, 41 × 297 mm, British Museum, London 86
4.1 Albrecht Altdorfer, Jael and Sisera, ca. 1518, woodcut, 122 × 94 mm 91
4.2 Albrecht Altdorfer, Pyramus and Thisbe, 1518, woodcut, 120 × 96 mm 96
4.3 Pierre Reymond (attributed), Salt Cellar with Jael and Sisera, 1542, Limoges enamel, 71 × 43 mm, British Museum, London 103
4.4 Albrecht Altdorfer, Lamentation, 1513, woodcut, 72 × 48 mm 108
4.5 Pordenone, Lamentation, ca. 1521, red chalk, pen and brown ink on paper, 367 × 277 mm, British Museum, London 110
4.6 Albrecht Dürer, The “French Disease” (Siphylitic Man), 1496, colored woodcut, Inv. 131–1900, Kupferstichkabinett, Staatliche Museen, Berlin, Germany 121
4.7 Urs Graf, Two Mercenaries, a Courtesan, and Death, 1524, woodcut, 203 × 118 mm 122
4.8 Urs Graf, Halbardier with a Naked Woman, 1517, pen and black ink on paper, 200 × 135 mm 123
4.9 Copy after Albrecht Altdorfer, Couple in a Landscape (Woman with wounded Landsknecht), 1513, pen and black ink with white on green prepared paper, 195 × 155 mm, British Museum, London 125
4.10 Niklaus Manuel Deutsch, Allegory of the Warrior Who Turns into a Beggar, ca. 1514–1515, ink and watercolor on paper, 31 × 21,2 cm. Inv. KdZ 4287, Kupferstichkabinett, Staatliche Museen, Berlin, Germany 126
5.1 Lambert Lombard, Jael and Sisera, Herkenrode femmes vertueuses, ca. 1548, Liège, Musée de l’Art wallon, 142 × 126 cm 129
5.2 Lambert Lombard, Rebecca at the Well, Herkenrode femmes vertueuses, ca. 1548, Liège, Musée des Beaux-Arts, 135 × 134 cm 138
5.3 Lambert Lombard, David and Abigail, Herkenrode femmes vertueuses, ca. 1548, Liège, Musée de l’Art wallon, 140 × 143 cm 139
5.4 Lambert Lombard, Claudia Quinta Pulling the Ship of Cybele, Herkenrode femmes vertueuses, ca. 1548, oil on canvas, Stokrooie, Kerk Sint-Amandus, 132 × 142 cm 140
5.5 Lambert Lombard, Coriolanus and Veturia, Herkenrode femmes vertueuses, ca. 1548, Liège, Musée des Beaux-Arts, 135 × 142 cm 141
5.6 Lambert Lombard, Augustus and the Tiburtine Sibyl, Herkenrode femmes vertueuses, ca. 1548, oil on canvas, Stokrooie, Kerk Sint-Amandus, 139 × 169 cm 142
5.7 Lambert Lombard, Judith and Holofernes, Herkenrode femmes vertueuses, ca. 1548, oil on canvas, Stokrooie, Kerk Sint-Amandus, 133 × 187 cm 143
5.8 Lambert Lombard, Esther before Ahasuerus, Herkenrode femmes vertueuses, ca. 1548, oil on canvas, Stokrooie, Kerk Sint-Amandus, 134 × 216 cm 144
5.9 Detail of Figure 5.1, Lambert Lombard, Jael and Sisera, the shield of Sisera with astrological signs of Scorpio and Aries 149
5.10 Lambert Lombard, Victory, Album d’Arenberg, ca. 1540, pen and brown ink on paper, Liège, Cabinet des estampes et des dessins de la Ville de Liège, 253 × 131 mm 166
5.11 Lambert Lombard, Martyrdom of St. Catherine, Album d’Arenberg, ca. 1550, pen and red ink on paper, Liège, Cabinet des estampes et des dessins de la Ville de Liège, 190 × 105 mm 167
6.1 Dirck Volckertsz Coornhert after Maarten van Heemskerck, Adam and Eve, The Power of Women, plate 1/6, 1551, engraving, 247 × 193 mm 175
6.2 Dirck Volckertsz Coornhert after Maarten van Heemskerck, Lot and his Daughters, The Power of Women, plate 2/6, 1551, engraving, 250 × 196 mm 176
6.3 Dirck Volckertsz Coornhert after Maarten van Heemskerck, Jael and Sisera, The Power of Women, plate 3/6, 1551, engraving, 249 × 193 mm 177
6.4 Dirck Volckertsz Coornhert after Maarten van Heemskerck, Samson and Delilah, The Power of Women, plate 4/6, 1551, engraving, 248 × 194 mm 178
6.5 Dirck Volckertsz Coornhert after Maarten van Heemskerck, The Idolatry of Solomon, The Power of Women, plate 5/6, 1551, engraving, 250 × 195 mm 179
6.6 Dirck Volckertsz Coornhert after Maarten van Heemskerck, The Power of Women: Judith, plate 6/6, 1551, engraving, 248 × 194 mm 180
6.7 Maarten van Heemskerck, Head of the Apollo Belvedere, ca. 1532–1536. From the Roman Sketchbook i, pen and brown ink on paper, Inv. 79 D 2, fol. 36v, 147 × 207 mm 191
6.8 Michelangelo Buonarroti, Head of a man in profile, ca. 1501–03, pen and brown and grey ink on paper, 130 × 130 mm drawing, British Museum, London 192
6.9 Maarten van Heemskerck, Marforio (Oceanus). From the Roman Sketchbook i, ca. 1532–1536, pen and brown ink on paper, Inv. 79 D 2, fol. 19v, 137 × 211 mm 194
6.10 Il Pasquino, fragment of Menelaus supporting the body of Patroclus, 3rd century
6.11 Anonymous, Pasquino, 1542, engraving, published by Antonio Lafreri, 405 × 287 mm 196
6.12 Giulio Bonasone, Pasquino and Marforio, 1547, engraving, 156 × 214 mm, British Museum, London 197
6.13 Michelangelo Buonarroti, The Sistine Chapel; ceiling frescos after restoration, the Libyan Sibyl, 1508–1512, Sistine Chapel, Vatican Palace, Vatican 198
6.14 Michelangelo Buonarroti, The Sistine Chapel; ceiling frescos after restoration, the Erithrean Sibyl, 1508–1512, Sistine Chapel (Left) and Coornhert after Heemskerck, Detail of Jael (Right) Sistine Chapel, Vatican Palace, Vatican 200
6.15 Details of Figures 6.1 and 6.6. The torsos of Adam and Holofernes compared 202
6.16 Michelangelo Buonarroti, Pendentive with David and Goliath. Detail of the Sistine ceiling, 1508–1512, fresco, Sistine Chapel, Vatican Palace, Vatican 203
6.17 Pasquino as Orpheus, Frontispiece, Carmina apposita Pasquillo, Rome, 1515 209
7.1 Philips Galle after Maarten van Heemskerck, Jael, Virtuous Women of the Bible, plate 1/8, ca. 1560, engraving, 200 × 245 mm 214
7.2 Philips Galle after Maarten van Heemskerck, Ruth, Virtuous Women of the Bible, plate 2/8, ca. 1560, engraving, 204 × 247 mm 222
7.3 Philips Galle after Maarten van Heemskerck, Abigail, Virtuous Women of the Bible, plate 3/8, ca. 1560, engraving, 213 × 246 mm 223
7.4 Philips Galle after Maarten van Heemskerck, Judith, Virtuous Women of the Bible, plate 4/8, ca. 1560, engraving, 215 × 250 mm 224
7.5 Philips Galle after Maarten van Heemskerck, Esther, Virtuous Women of the Bible, plate 5/8, ca. 1560, engraving, 204 × 247 mm 225
7.6 Philips Galle after Maarten van Heemskerck, Susannah, Virtuous Women of the Bible, plate 6/8, ca. 1560, engraving, 205 × 248 mm 226
7.7 Philips Galle after Maarten van Heemskerck, Mary Magdalene, Virtuous Women of the Bible, plate 7/8, ca. 1560, engraving, 203 × 249 mm 228
7.8 Philips Galle after Maarten van Heemskerck, The Virgin Mary, Virtuous Women of the Bible: plate 8/8, ca. 1560, engraving, 217 × 251 mm 229
7.9 Marcantonio Raimondi, Lucretia, ca. 1510, engraving, 212 × 130 mm 230
7.10 Andrea Alciato, “Strenuorum immortalem nomen,” Emblemata, Lyon: Rouille, 1551, p. 147 238
7.11 Frontispiece, Jan David, Occasio Arrepta. Neglecta. Huius Commoda: Illius Incommoda. Antwerp: Plantin, 1605 240
7.12 Hendrick Hondius, Portrait of Maarten van Heemskerck, 1610, engraving, 199 × 124 mm 243
7.13 Andrea Alciato, “In Occasionem,” Emblematum Libri II, Lyon: Jean de Tournes and Guillaume Gazeau, 1556, p. 30 244
7.14 Jacob Matham after Hendrick Goltzius, Jael, Four Heroes and Heroines of the Old Testament, plate 1/4, ca. 1588, engraving, 271 × 168 mm 246
7.15 Hendrick Goltzius, Publius Horatius, Roman Heroes, plate 1/8, 1586, engraving, 368 × 235 mm 250
7.16 Hendrick Goltzius, Frontispiece, Roman Heroes, 1586, engraving, 370 × 238 mm 253
7.17 Hendrick Goltzius, Fame and History, Roman Heroes, 1586, engraving, 372 × 238 mm 254
7.18 Hendrick Goltzius, Goltzius’ Right Hand, 1588, pen and brown ink on paper, Teylers Museum, Haarlem, the Netherlands, 328 × 229 mm 256
7.19 Detail of Fig. 7.1. The right hand of Jael 257
8.1 Philips Galle, Adam and Eve, The Power of Women, plate 1/6, ca. 1569, engraving, Latin inscriptions by Hadrianus Junius, d 240 mm 263
8.2 Philips Galle, Lot and his Daughters, The Power of Women, plate 2/6, ca. 1569, engraving, Latin inscriptions by Hadrianus Junius, d 240 mm 264
8.3 Philips Galle, Jael and Sisera, The Power of Women, plate 3/6, ca. 1569, engraving, Latin inscriptions by Hadrianus Junius, d 240 mm 265
8.4 Philips Galle, Samson and Delilah, The Power of Women, plate 4/6, ca. 1569, engraving, Latin inscriptions by Hadrianus Junius, d 240 mm 266
8.5 Philips Galle, The Idolatry of Solomon, The Power of Women, plate 5/6, ca. 1569, engraving, Latin inscriptions by Hadrianus Junius, d 240 mm 267
8.6 Philips Galle, Judith and Holofernes, The Power of Women, plate 6/6, ca. 1569, engraving, Latin inscriptions by Hadrianus Junius, d 240 mm 268
8.7 Bernard Salomon, Jael and Sisera, 1558, woodcut 271
8.8 Detail of Fig. 8.1. The emblem of Mercury on Sisera’s shield 273
8.9 Andrea Alciato, “Facundia Difficilis,” Emblemata, Lyon: Guillaume Rouille, 1551, p. 195 274
8.10 Andrea Alciato, “Cavendum a Meretricibus,” Emblemata, Lyon: Guillaume Rouille, 1551, p. 84 279
8.11 Hadrianus Junius, “Linguam Compescito,” Emblemata, Antwerp: Christopher Plantin, 1564, p. 47 280
9.1 Nicolaes de Braeu after Hendrick Goltzius, Jael, Four Heroes and Heroines of the Old Testament, ca. 1597, Latin inscription by Theodore Schrevelius, engraving, 420 × 330 mm 311
9.2 Antonius ii Wierix, Vita, dulcedo, & spes nostra salve. Plate 2 from Salve Regina, depicting the Virgin Mary Victrix and Jael, 1598, engraving, British Museum, London 312