Abbreviations
See Michel (2001: 15–21) for abbreviations of Old Assyrian primary sources and Schwiderski (2004) for abbreviations of Old and Official Aramaic primary sources. For additional abbreviations, see AHw 3: ix–xvi.
| AbB 1 | Kraus (1964) |
| AbB 2 | Frankena (1966) |
| AbB 3 | Frankena (1968) |
| AbB 5 | Kraus (1972) |
| AbB 6 | Frankena (1974) |
| AbB 7 | Kraus (1977) |
| AbB 9 | Stol (1981) |
| AbB 11 | Stol (1986) |
| AbB 12 | van Soldt (1990) |
| AbB 13 | van Soldt (1994) |
| AbB 14 | Veenhof (2005) |
| Ad | Römer (1967a) |
| Ag | Groneberg (1997) |
| AHw | von Soden (1965–1981) |
Lane ([1863–1893] 1968) |
|
Finet (1956) |
|
| Anz | Vogelzang (1988) |
Veenhof (1972) |
|
Archi (1985) |
|
Edzard (1981) |
|
Archi and Biga (1982) |
|
Biga and Milano (1984) |
|
Edzard (1984) |
|
Fronzaroli and Catagnoti (1993) |
|
Fronzaroli (2003) |
|
Pomponio (2008) |
|
Catagnoti (2010) |
|
Dossin (1946) |
|
Jean (1950) |
|
Kupper (1950) |
|
Birot (1960) |
|
Dossin (1978) |
|
Durand (1988) |
|
Praetorius (1879) |
|
Kienast (1960) |
|
| Bel | Römer (1967b) |
Bordreuil and Pardee (2009) |
|
Oppenheim, Rainer, et al. 1956–2011 |
|
Rainey (1996) |
|
Leslau (1987) |
|
Roth (1997) |
|
Pirenne, Beeston, and Höfner (1977–1986) |
|
Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum, iv: Inscriptiones Himyariticas et Sabaeas continens. Paris, 1889–1929 |
|
Cerulli (1936) |
|
| Cow | van Dijk (1972) |
| Cu | Westenholz (1997: 267–269) |
Hoftijzer and Jongeling (1995) |
|
Biella (1982) |
|
Leslau (1941) |
|
Del Olmo Lete and Sanmartín ([2003] 2015) |
|
Rainey, Schniedewind, and Cochavi-Rainey (2015) |
|
Leslau (1956) |
|
Leslau (1979) |
|
Leslau (1963) |
|
Dillmann ([1857] 2005) |
|
Eisser and Lewy (1930–1935) |
|
| Er | Westenholz (1997: 189–201) |
Leslau (1965a) |
|
Leslau (1968) |
|
Leslau (1981) |
|
Leslau (1983a) |
|
| Etn | Haul (2000); cf. n. 18 on p. 24 |
Kienast and Sommerfeld (1994) |
|
Kienast and Volk (1995) |
|
| Gaf | Leslau (1945c: 101–138) |
von Soden ([1952] 1995) |
|
Wright ([1859–1862] 1951) |
|
Leslau (1945c) |
|
George (2003) |
|
Muraoka and Porten (1998) |
|
Hetzron (1977: 137–255) |
|
| Gir | Walker (1983) |
Hecker (1968) |
|
| Glg | |
Arbach (1993), volume 3 |
|
Praetorius (1871) |
|
Brockelmann ([1908–1913] 1966) |
|
Renz and Röllig (1995–2003) |
|
| Haram | Stein (2007) |
Johnstone (1977) |
|
Garad and Wagner (1998) |
|
Wagner (1983a) |
|
Stroomer (2004) |
|
| Ja | Jamme (1962) |
Joüon and Muraoka ([1991] 2006) |
|
Johnstone (1981) |
|
| K | Guidi (1889) |
Donner and Röllig ([1964] 1968) |
|
Donner and Röllig (2002) |
|
16–18 Durand (1997–2000) |
|
| LiHöTig | Littmann and Höfner (1962) |
Ricks (1989) |
|
Arbach (1993), volume 1 |
|
Izre’el and Cohen (2004) |
|
Leslau (1938) |
|
Leslau (1958) |
|
| M | Garbini (1974) |
| Maʕīn | Bron (1998) |
Stroomer (1999) |
|
| Ns | Westenholz (1997: 173–187) |
| Nw | Lambert (1990) |
Arnold (1991) |
|
Larsen (1976) |
|
Larsen (1967) |
|
Littmann (1910–1915) |
|
| Piq | Cowley (1983) |
Friedrich and Röllig ([1951] 1999) |
|
Nougayrol (1955) |
|
Nougayrol (1956) |
|
Virolleaud (1965) |
|
Nougayrol (1970) |
|
Conti Rossini (1942) |
|
| Q | al-Qurʔān; cf. section 1.3.4 |
Ryckmans (1928–1950) |
|
Leslau (1995) |
|
Bernand, Drewes, and Schneider (1991) |
|
Grayson (1987) |
|
Frayne (1993) |
|
Müller (1902) |
|
Müller (1905) |
|
Müller (1907) |
|
| Sin | Römer (1966) |
Beeston, Ghul, Müller, and Ryckmans (1982) |
|
Beeston (1984) |
|
Bittner (1916) |
|
Bittner (1917) |
|
| Tar | Praetorius (1879: 502–503) |
Kane (2000) |
|
Raz (1983a) |
|
Cunchillos, Vita, and Zamora (2003a) |
|
Tropper ([2000] 2012) |
|
Stein (2010) |
|
Kolmodin (1912) |
Terminology
All text in Semitic is romanized and italicized. Primary sources published in transliteration or transcription (including for example Aramaic, Phoenician, Ancient South Arabian, Modern South Arabian, Akkadian, and many Ethiosemitic languages) are quoted verbatim with the exception of word dividers in Akkadian, Ugaritic, and Ancient South Arabian. The Ugaritic grapheme {ʔi}, for example, which has the syllabic values ʔi, ʔī, ʔê, and vʔ (v is for vowel), is always transliterated ʔi. However, the quotation of some transliterated and transcribed symbols are adapted for the sake of coherence. For example, Alif is transcribed as ʔ and s1, s2, and s3 as s, š, and ś respectively.
Primary sources that are published in non-Roman script (including for example Hebrew, Arabic, and Amharic), as well as Akkadian cited in the body text, are normalized according to different Semitological systems: Hebrew according to Encyclopedia of Hebrew Language and Linguistics, Arabic according to the Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft, and Ethiosemitic according to Encyclopaedia Aethiopica.
Text references refer to the page, verse, or line, depending on publication, where the negator is found, and not to the page, verse, or line where the quotation begins (and ends). The negator in a quotation environment is emboldened in the investigation.
Verbal grammatical morphemes are referred to by templates making use of prs for East Semitic and qtl for West Semitic (by convention, rather than C1C2C3, ḳtl, or k’tl). Thus, for East Semitic, von Soden’s Präteritum, Präsens, Stativ, Perfekt, and Imperativ, or Huehnergard’s preterite, durative, verbal adjective, perfect, and imperative, are referred to as iprus, iparras, paris, iptaras, and purus. The West Semitic counterparts to iprus and purus are referred to as yvqtvl and qvtvl. Without going into the discussion of history of the gemination of the second radical of the imperfective, the East Semitic exponent is referred to as iparras by convention, but its West Semitic counterpart is referred to simply as yvqatvl, provided that at least ablaut undoubtedly is original.
Although morphologically (historically) corresponding to iprus-u, the imperfective of Central Semitic will be referred to as yvqtvlu, and the West Semitic ‘correspondence’ to paris will be referred to as qvtvla. The catch-all term ‘prefix conjugation(s)’ refers to iprus, iparras, yvqatvl, or yvqtvlu and yvqtvl. Yqtl is used for the prefix conjugation when the underlying verbal grammatical morpheme is unknown, as sometimes in Ugaritic and Ancient South Arabian, and yqtln refers to yqtl with n-augmentation in Sabaic.
Symbols
[abc] emendation
[…] intentional omission
[x] illegible letter (one)
[—] illegible letters (more than one)
(abc) translational interpolation
{abc} orthographic transliteration
/abc/ phonemic transcription
Partly visible letters in the primary source texts, marked by corner brackets or circellus, are accepted without notice.