Acronyms VIII
Abbreviations XII
General Introduction 1
1
Non-governmental Interests in the International Legal Order: Recent Trends 1
2
Participation of Non-governmental Interests in International Organizations 7
2.1
The Un-organic Involvement of Non-governmental Interests and Its Particular Diffusion in Universal Organizations 8
2.2
The Organic Involvement of Non-governmental Interests and Its Significant Diffusion in Regional Organizations 15
3
Studies on the Participation of Non-governmental Interests in International Organizations 18
4
Methodology and Research Plan 21
1
Non-governmental Interests in Regional Organizations 27
1
Evolution in the Institutional Design of Regional Organizations: The Bipolar Institutional Structure and the Multipolar One 27
1.1
The Diffusion of the Bipolar Institutional Structure and the Multipolar One until the End of the 1980s 29
1.2
The Diffusion of the Bipolar Institutional Structure and the Multipolar One from the 1990s 32
2
Non-governmental Institutions: Concept and Criteria for Classification 37
2.1
Ratione Materiae Criterion: Parliamentary, Socio-economic and Territorial Institutions 38
2.2
Legal Criterion: Integrated Institutions versus Connected Institutions 39
3
Reasons for the Establishment of Institutions Representing Non-governmental Interests Within Regional Organizations 41
3.1
The Legal Factor: Broadening of the Mandate of International Organizations 42
3.2
The Non-legal Factor: The Trend to Emulation 58
4
4.1
The Legal Models of Interstate Institutionalized Cooperation and the Institutional Multipolarism of Regional Organizations 63
4.2
The Geographic Spread of the Phenomenon of Institutional Multipolarism of Regional Organizations 70
2
Institutions Representing Non-governmental Interests in Regional Organizations: Legal Institutional Features and Practice 77
1
General Considerations 77
1.1
Legal Institutional Features of Parliamentary Institutions 78
1.2
Legal Institutional Features of Socio-economic and Territorial Institutions 110
2
Functions of Institutions Representing Non-governmental Interests 128
2.1
Functions of Parliamentary Institutions 129
2.2
Functions of Socio-economic Institutions and Territorial Institutions 156
3
Normative Acts of Institutions Representing Non-governmental Interests 172
3.1
Self-regulation Acts 174
3.2
Inter-organic Acts 175
3.3
Interinstitutional Agreements 178
3.4
External Normative Acts 179
3
The Contribution of Institutions Representing Non-governmental Interests to Strengthening Interstate Institutionalized Cooperation 181
1
Contribution to Enhancing the Functionality of Regional Organizations 181
2
Contribution to Enhancing the Legitimacy of Regional Organizations 182
2.1
The Functionalist Approach and the Role of Non-governmental Institutions in Enhancing Functional Legitimacy 186
2.2
The Constitutionalist Perspective and the Role of Non-governmental Institutions in Enhancing Democratic Legitimacy 190
List of Normative Acts 198
Bibliography 219
Index 238