Index
Actus reus
Customary international law
5
,
67
,
89
,
90
African Union
And Al-Bashir Case
174
,
189 –192 196 –199 228
Agreements under article 98 (2)
191 –192
Aggression, crime o
.
see also
International Law Commission
,
International Criminal Court
Jurisdiction of International Criminal Court
1
,
5
,
12
,
28
,
32
,
38 –45 63 –64 105
,
207
,
223
Customary status
2
,
32 56
,
67 –68 105
,
178
Retroactivity
123 –125
Immunity
178
Monetary Gold Principle
50
Universal jurisdiction
5
,
15
,
28
,
32
,
55 –56 58
,
67 –68 89
,
178
Amendments, Rome Statut
.
see also
aggression
Applicable law see also International Criminal Court, International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
9
,
11
,
114
,
124
,
126
,
129
,
134
,
143
,
148 –150 225
Arrest
see also
immunity of State officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction
and surrender
71
,
72
,
153
,
166
,
176 –201
warrants
For Abdel Hussein
105
,
178
For Al-Bashir
105
,
128
,
174
,
189
,
191
,
198
,
228
For Muammar Gaddafi, Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi and Al-Senussi
106
,
128
,
190
,
220
For Milosevic
173
For Taylor
173
For Al-Werfalli
86 –87 220
China
65
,
66
,
68
,
96
,
91
,
106
Commission of Experts for the former Yugoslavia
24 –25
Complementarity
, see
see International Criminal Court
Conflict of norms
Accumulation
8
,
54
,
58
,
162
,
168
,
194
Avoidance
8
,
11
,
59
,
92
,
100
,
133
,
135
,
137 –138 143
,
149
,
151
,
162
,
166
,
172
,
183
,
195
,
197
,
199
,
201
Basic concept
7 –9
genuine conflict
59
,
92
,
102
,
135
,
149
,
151
,
166
,
175
,
186
,
195
,
225
irresolvable conflict
92
,
102
,
175
,
225
lex specialis
9
,
189
,
201
,
226
Courts, criminal
Distinction between international and national
In relation to Monetary Gold Principle
61 –62
In relation to immunity
169 –172 175 –176
In relation to universal jurisdiction
56 –57
Crimes against humanity
Nexus with armed conflict
66
Contextual element
66
,
98 –99 148
,
177
Gravity
97 –99
Under customary international law
5
,
55
,
66 –68 104
,
106
,
117
,
131
And universal jurisdiction
1
,
3
,
4
,
15
,
28
,
32
,
33
,
55 –56 97
Crimes against international law
, see also
universal jurisdiction
Crimes against/under customary international law
92
,
102
,
225
And immunities
178
Crimes under treaty law
55
,
68
,
89
,
92
And universal jurisdiction
56
,
59
,
92
,
225
Criminalization/prescription
By the Security Council
70 –71 76 –78 87 –88 101
,
129 –130 209
,
214
,
224
By the Rome Statute
10
,
34
,
47
,
63 –68 88
,
90
,
92 –100 126 –128 167 –168 193
,
224 –225
Under customary international law
32
,
113
,
115 –117 133
,
147
In relation to treaty crimes
32
,
102
,
113 –115 148
Crimes of international concern (‘most serious crimes of concern to the international community’)
35
,
62
,
95 –96 98
,
125
,
131
,
150
,
165
,
188
Erga omnes
32 –33 35
,
46
,
56 –59
France
17
,
41 –42 66
,
108
,
179 –180
Geneva Conventions
15
,
32
,
59
,
112
,
139
,
153
,
180
Genocide
Contextual element
21
,
98
,
145 –146
Genocide Convention
21
,
56
,
146
,
153
Under customary international law
65
,
67
Germany
17 –19 28
,
61
,
99
,
145 –146 179
Gravity
62
,
97 –100 102
,
131
,
145
,
150 –151 177
Immunity of State officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction
, see also
arrest
And jus cogens
176
Concept, general characteristics and basic content
8
,
153 –160
Immunity ratione materiae and ratione personae distinguished
153 –155 176
Immunity ratione materiae
Acts performed in an official capacity
61
,
154 –156
And international crimes
155 –156
And jurisdiction of international courts
158 –159
And jurisdiction of domestic courts
177 –180
Beneficiaries
154 –155 176
Relation with universal jurisdiction
178
Immunity ratione personae
And international crimes
155
And jurisdiction of international courts
42 –43 68
,
157 –176 198
,
226 –227
And surrender to international criminal courts
176 –200
Beneficiaries
154 –155
Customary status
159 –160 172 –174
Relation with SC referrals
160 –167 182
,
227
Relation with universal jurisdiction
42 –43 167 –176
Waiver
155 –156 162
,
169
,
175
,
181 –183 185
,
195 –196 198
Individual Criminal Responsibility
By the force of a SC referral
70 –71 129 –131
Distinct from State responsibility
50 –51 59 –60 115
Nuremberg judgment
2 –3 57
,
113 –115
Under customary international law
32
,
69
,
116 –117 147
Under treaty law
64
,
77
,
87
,
115 –116 128
,
147
International Court of Justice (icj)
Relationship with International Criminal for the former Yugoslavia
59 –60
International Crimes
, see
see crimes against international law
International Criminal Court (icc
.
see also
immunity of State officials
;
gravity
Applicable law
67
,
118 –121 140 –143 147 –149
International human rights law
135
,
140 –143 149
Self-contained
67
,
140 –141
Complementarity (admissibility)
29
,
46
,
73
,
213
Elements of Crimes
50
,
67
,
78
,
98
,
118
,
120
,
167
,
168
,
184
Establishment and empowerment
1 –2 5
,
27 –31 34 –35 45
,
53
,
95 –96 107
,
118
,
119
,
125 –126 150
,
170 –171
Funding
211
Ilc Draft Statute for an International Criminal Court
22 –24 83 –84 202 –203
Initiation of investigation
40
,
62
,
213
International nature
61 –62 95 –97 100
,
167
,
169 –172 223
Jurisdiction, exercise
Admissibility
62
,
73
,
213
Deferral
30
,
37
,
205
,
212
,
222
,
228
Preconditions to
2
,
12
,
28
,
36
,
47
,
122
Jurisdiction, existence (basis)
Jurisdiction ratione loci
29 –30 91
,
121
,
207
Jurisdiction ratione materiae
37
,
39
,
55 –56 97
,
121
,
142
,
125
,
222
Jurisdiction ratione personae
29 –30 91
,
121
,
142
,
205 –208
Jurisdiction ratione temporis
86 –87 108 –110 141
,
202 –203 205
,
207
,
209
,
212
,
222
,
225
Offences against the administration of justice
64
Prosecutorial discretion
206 –207 213
,
219
Relationship with United Nations
34
,
53
,
78
,
92
,
95 –96 170 –172 211 –212
Role and power of the Security Council
2
,
52 –55 70 –76 77 –79 81 –88 129 –131 135 –140 160 –167 175
,
182 –193 203 –215 219 –224 226 –229
Rome Statute
Adoption and entry into force
12
,
28
,
38
,
47
,
88
,
91
,
95 –96 100
,
109
,
122
,
126
,
128 –129 223
Amendments
13
,
38 –45 66 –68 91 –92 105
,
123 –125 129
,
175
,
214
As binding on Court
134
,
211
,
226
And pacta tertiis rule
49
,
90
,
162
,
188
,
214
Legislative character
34 –35 88
,
90
,
95 –97 101 –103 125 –126 193
Rome Conference
27 –31 34
,
38
,
61
,
63
,
66
,
88
,
95 –96 117 –118 124
,
126
,
171
,
195
,
219
Trigger mechanism
4
,
12
,
30
,
39 –40 43 –44 54
,
70
,
75
,
96
,
120
,
122
,
125 –126 128
,
205
State cooperation
29
,
49
,
70 –75 102
,
162 –163 165 –166 176
,
180
,
182 –192 194
,
197 –198 200
,
210
,
213
,
227
International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ictr) and International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (icty)
Applicable law
63
,
69
,
77
,
81
,
87
Completion strategy
84
Establishment and empowerment
25
,
82
,
215
,
221
Funding
211
Jurisdiction exercise
Immunity of State officials
158
,
164
,
165
,
187
Jurisdictional basis
25 –27 87
,
116 –117
Relationship to United Nations
53
,
211
Residual Mechanism
85
On universal jurisdiction
26 –27
International Law Commission (ilc)
On crime of aggression
22
On draft code of offences/crimes against the peace and security of mankind
1
,
20
,
22 –23 50
,
115
,
160
,
165
,
177
On draft statute for an international criminal court
22 –24 83 –84 202 –203
On international criminal jurisdiction
21
On immunity of State officials
160
,
165
,
178
On Nuremberg principles
20 –21
International Military Tribunal, for the Far East (Tokyo Tribunal)
20
,
108
,
135
,
151
,
159
,
172 –173
International Military Tribunal, Nuremberg (imt, Nuremberg Tribunal, Nuremberg Judgment)
2
,
3
,
17 –21 25
,
27
,
32
,
56 –57 61
,
93
,
108
,
113 –115 126
,
132 –134 147
,
153
,
167
,
172
Jurisdiction
, see also
universal jurisdiction
Concept
13
Head, of
14 –15 129
Delegation
16 –18 22
,
24 –27 30 –31 37
,
91
,
129
Distinct aspects delineated and defined
Jurisdiction to prescribe
5
,
13 –17 32
,
34
,
42
,
47 –48 63
,
67 –69 76 –77 90 –91 101
,
126
,
129
,
150
,
224
Jurisdiction to adjudicate
5
,
13 –17 22
,
25
,
34
,
47 –55 57 –63 68 –70 90
,
96
,
101 –102 125 –126 129 –130 193
,
224 –225
Jurisdiction to enforce
13 –17 20
,
22
,
34
,
153
,
176
,
178
,
180 –183 186
,
188 –189 193 –196 226
Emanating from the Security Council’s Chapter vii powers
4
,
26 –27 30 –31 35 –38 52 –55
Treaty-based
88 –100 102
,
162
,
168
,
225
Jus cogens
32 –33 35
,
46
,
55
,
57 –59 76
,
134 –135 139
,
175 –176
Modes of liabilities
45
,
70
,
117
,
120 –122 226
Command and superior responsibility
117
,
120
Joint commission through another person/Indirect co-perpetration
70
,
127 –128
Principle of legality/nullum crimen sine lege
117
,
121
Monetary Gold Principle
10
,
49 –52 54
,
59 –63
Pacta tertiis rule (pacta tertiis nec nocent nec prosunt)
49 –50 90
,
162
,
188
‘Peacekeepers exemption’
179
,
199
,
204
,
205
,
207 –208 214
,
220
Principle of legality
And Nuremberg & Tribunal
108
,
113 –115 126
,
131 –135 147
,
151
And the ad hoc tribunals
108
,
114 –118 132
,
138 –139 141 –144
Precepts
Non-retroactivity/nullum crimen sine lege praevia
105 –108 110 –114 117
,
119 –125 127 –135 137 –140 142 –152
Specificity
110 –111 114
,
116
,
118 –119 135
,
146
Strict construction
110 –111 114
,
119
,
135
,
146
Written law
110 –111 114
,
119
,
135
Court established by law
108
,
110
,
215 –222
Foreseeability requirement
143 –147
Nulla poena sine lege
108
,
110 –111 149 –150
Rome Statute, Article 22
104
,
107
,
119
,
121 –122 124
,
133
,
142
Special Court for Sierra Leone
108
,
167
,
171
,
173
,
174
,
222
Special Tribunal for Lebanon
94
,
134
,
139
,
157
,
222
Retroactivity
, see
see principle of legality
Russia
66
,
68
,
96
,
197 –198 204
Chapter vii powers of the Security Council
Addressees
UN Members States
36
,
74 –75 163 –167 187 –188 191
,
210
International organizations
136
,
190 –191 210
International Criminal Court
136
,
207
,
209 –215
Amending the Rome Statute
203 –205 214
,
217
Article 103 UN Charter
37
,
135
,
186
,
192
Binding character
136
,
164 –165 183 –184 187 –189
Determination under article 39 UN Charter
35
,
52
Delegation
87 –88 184
,
209 –213
In relation to customary international law
185 –186
In relation to immunities
162 –167 182 –193
Incidental judicial review
215 –216 222
Jurisdiction
jurisdiction to adjudicate
37
,
52 –55 129 –131
Jurisdiction to prescribe
68 –88 101
,
129 –131
Legislative acts
68 –88 101
,
209
,
217
,
225
Limits
Purposes and principles
38
,
46
,
52
,
137
,
214
Principle of international law and justice
38
,
79
,
81
,
87 –88 101
,
186
human rights law
137 –139
jus cogens
76
,
139
Subsidiary organs
36
,
53
,
70
,
209
,
211 –212 221
Terrorism
38
,
139
,
209
,
214
,
222
Treaty crimes
, see
see crimes against international law
;
see universal jurisdiction
United Kingdom
17
,
29
,
68
,
76
,
108
United States
17
,
29
,
30
,
66
,
68
,
90 –91 96
,
108
,
174
,
204
Universal jurisdiction
, see also
immunity of State officials
;
individual criminal responsibility
And Nuremberg Tribunal
17 –20 25
,
45
And ad hoc tribunals
1 –2 25 –27
And domestic authorities
3
,
15
,
23
,
34
,
56 –57 59
As a manifestation of
prescriptive jurisdiction
10
,
34 –35 88 –100 125 –128 225
adjudicative jurisdiction
10
,
32 –34 55 –63 89 –101 125 –126
At the Rome Conference
12
,
28 –29 95 –86 125 –126
Treaty-based
89 –93 98
,
102
,
168
,
225
War crimes
5
,
15
,
17
,
19
,
21
,
32
,
33
,
39 –44 50
,
55 –56 65 –66 91
,
93
,
98
,
105
,
117
,
123 –124 177 –178 209