acto
Amazonian Cooperation Council (acc) 93
,
114 –117 119 –124 126 –127 137
,
155
,
158 –160 162
,
164 –183 188
,
193
,
215 –217 219
,
221 –223 238 –239 258
,
274
,
277 –278 284
,
286
,
288
,
304
,
308
,
310
,
313
,
348
,
368
,
394
,
545
Coordination Committee of the Amazon Cooperation Council (ccacc or ccoor) 166
,
177
,
207 –208 216
,
219
,
239 –242 277
,
286
,
348
,
368 –369
headquarters 117
,
137
,
155
,
165 –167 169 –170 173
,
175
,
208 –210 213 –216 218
,
283
,
306
Meeting of the Presidents 97
,
114 –115 139
,
141 –147 155 –159 174
,
242
,
272
,
274 –276 282 –284 348
,
394
mmfa 114 –116 118 –121 124 –127 137
,
155
,
162
,
164 –194 208 –211 215 –223 231 –232 239 –240 245
,
247 –249 258
,
275 –317 324
,
330 –332 334
,
348
,
363
,
368 –369 372 –373 384 –385 394
,
540
,
542
,
549
,
550
Special Commission on Environment for the Amazon (scea) 126 –127 156
,
160
,
166
,
180 –182 190
,
192
,
210
,
314
,
451 –452
Strategic Agenda of Amazon Cooperation (aeca) 280
,
289 –330 348 –349
2004–2012 Strategic Plan 213 –216 218
,
222 –237 244
,
255
Amazon Cooperation Treaty 1978
dispute resolution 109
,
373
duration of the treaty 108 –109
duties 110 –111 366
enforcement 97
,
370
environmental commitments 398
financial mechanism 217
,
239 –242 287 –288 307 –310 372 –373
framework agreement 96 –97 137
,
359
,
371 –372
French Guyana 2
,
15 –16 19
,
36
,
41
,
52
,
54
,
58
,
108
,
116
,
217
,
232
,
281
,
366
,
453
,
466
negotiation of the Amazon Pact 87 –93
1998 Protocol of Amendment 162 –173 207 –208 222
,
353
,
363
,
390
,
395
,
431
,
561
parties 95
Permanent National Commissions (pncs) 114
,
116
,
118
,
119
,
123
,
137
,
177 –178 209
,
216 –217 219
,
222
,
230 –231 242
,
278
,
283
,
287
,
301
,
517
,
540 –548
Permanent Secretariat 28
,
122
,
161 –171 174 –176 208
,
218
,
231
,
241
,
286
,
301 –302 348
,
364
,
369
,
372
,
379 –385 490
,
548
principles 98 –106 136
,
142
,
396
principle of conservation of natural resources 101 –102
principle of cooperation 104 –105
principle of equality 102 –104
principle of regional integration 105 –106
principle of sovereignty 98 –101 291
,
396
priority goal 95 –96
Pro Tempore Secretariat 114
,
117 –118 120 –123 137
,
155
,
158 –162 164 –172 184 –185 188
,
208
reservation 109
rights 110
Special Commissions 110
,
121
,
126 –128 138
,
165
,
175 –176 181
,
209
,
230 –231 240 –242 284
,
543
territorial scope 106 –108 367
thematic coordinating bodies 175
,
240 –241
Amazonia
Amazon States 2
area 1 –2
biodiversity 1
,
6 –7
climate 2 –3 10 –11
ecosystem services 10 –11 229
etymology 3 –4
geography 1
,
2 –3 4 –12
history 1
,
3 –4
internationalization 76
,
79
,
99
,
102
,
148 –149 331
,
357
,
367
rainforest 2
river basin 8 –9
special protection 428 –431
species 6 –7
Amazonian Institute of Scientific Research (sinchi) 318 –319 496
,
531
,
539
Amazon Research Institute (iiap) 232
,
539
,
547
Amazon River 3 –4 8 –9 14
,
16
,
39
,
68
,
89
,
120
,
386
,
470
Amazon River Basin 12
,
107
,
112
,
118
,
136 –137 367
Amazon Sustainable Landscapes Program 349
,
455 –456 488
arpa Program (Amazon Region Protected Areas Program) 260
,
456 –465 488
,
490
bndes 308 –310 312
,
317
,
373
,
458
,
460
,
497 –500 529
Bolsa Floresta 388
Brazilian Institute for Amazonian Research (inpa, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia) 87
,
539
Brazilian Legal Amazon (Amazonia Legal) 387
,
463
,
498
,
539
Brazilian National Institute for Space Research (inpe) 253
,
311
,
316 –317 387
,
492
,
500
Brundtland Report 28
,
97
,
101
,
128
,
130
,
134 –136 138
,
142
,
409
Buen Vivir 23
,
404
,
427
,
429
,
510 –511
Caribbean Community (Caricom) 231
,
313
,
376
,
549
climate change 30 –31 144
,
147
,
160
,
183
,
212
,
221
,
240 –241 243
,
257 –261 263
,
265
,
270
,
273
,
283
,
285
,
293 –295 299 –300 305
,
311 –313 317
,
324 –344 354
,
359
,
370
,
377
,
383
,
385
,
392
,
424
,
437
,
453 –456 461 –463 488 –493 501 –510 515
adaptation 69
,
259
,
299 –300 324 –329 340
,
341
,
343
,
354
,
383 –384 391
,
455
,
461
,
510
climate change causes and effects in Amazonia 48 –49 66 –73
common but differentiated responsibilities (cbdr) 88
,
145
,
209
,
250
,
278 –279 320
,
324
,
330 –332 334
,
493
mitigation 153
,
160
,
267
,
299 –300 305
,
324
,
335
,
340 –341 343 –344 424
,
456
,
510
unfccc 153
,
206
,
249
,
259
,
266 –268 277
,
280 –281 295
,
312
,
320
,
324
,
330
,
334
,
343
,
346 –348 350 –351 385
,
392
Kyoto Protocol 163
,
194 –195 201 –202 212
,
266
,
268
,
344
,
351
Paris Agreement 31
,
275
,
335 –336 344 –346 350 –351 357 –360
common concern of humankind 148
Common Market of the South (Mercosur) 140
,
218
,
231
,
281
,
369
,
371
,
376
,
548 –549
Community of Andean Nations (can) 87
,
90 –91 140
,
220
,
228
,
231
,
236
,
275
,
281
,
369
,
375
,
453
,
468
,
549
constitutional environmental rights (cers) 401 –427
collective rights 405 –407
duties 408
,
418 –420
enforcement 413 –418
future generations 142
,
405
,
407 –410 418
,
420 –422 424
,
427
indigenous groups 405
,
419
,
422
individual duty 418 –421
individual right 405 –407
nature rights 131
,
305
,
405 –406 409
,
410 –413 420 –421
participation 420
State’s duty 421 –425
Convention on Biological Diversity (cbd) 30
,
81
,
133
,
140
,
147
,
154
,
159
,
194
,
197 –199 204 –207 212
,
243
,
249
,
254 –258 263 –264 271
,
297 –298 312
,
322 –323 335
,
348
,
392
,
385
,
438 –439 452 –453 468
Aichi Biodiversity Targets 322 –323 346 –347 351
,
438 –439 441
,
476
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (cites) 30
,
81
,
194
,
211
,
249
,
307
,
312
,
335
,
385
,
392
Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment
.
see Stockholm Declaration
Brazilian Action Plan for Prevention and Control of the Legal Amazon Deforestation (ppcdam) 463
,
498
deforestation in protected areas 386
,
446 –449
deforestation in indigenous territories 386
,
446 –449
monitoring 253 –254 382 –383 386
,
492 –493
Earth Summit
.
see United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (unced)
environmental and land defenders 386
environmental impact assessment 126
,
129
,
131
,
269
,
422
,
523
,
534 –535
Food and Agriculture Organization (fao) 127
,
133
,
138
,
178
,
182
,
184
,
190 –192 196
,
202 –205 211 –212 230
,
234
,
236
,
247
,
249
,
269
,
322
,
336
,
345
,
351
,
383
,
451
,
454
forest certification 58
,
140
,
154 –155 160
Forest Stewardship Council (fsc) 57
,
154
,
260
freedom of navigation 77 –79 85
,
91
,
110
,
112
,
121
,
216
,
227
,
237
,
276 –279 282
,
289
,
293
,
363
gef Amazon Project (Integrated and Sustainable Management of Transboundary Water Resources in the Amazon River Basin Considering Climate Variability and Climate Change Project) 31
,
33
,
237
,
243
,
249
,
258 –259 284
,
311 –312 325 –330 349 –350 354
,
361
,
375
,
378
,
383
,
392
Global Environment Facility (gef) 178
,
182
,
184
,
234
,
237
,
310
,
455 –456 458
,
488
,
494 –497
governance 231 –233
environmental governance 318
,
516
,
522
environmental ministries 522 –524
forest governance 523 –524
good governance 521
poor governance 429
,
516
,
518
protected areas governance 521
Greenpeace 154
,
362
,
388
indigenous communities 4
,
10
,
29
,
34 –43 45 –47 62
,
91
,
93
,
112
,
124
,
127 –128 142
,
144
,
147
,
182
,
186
,
200
,
207
,
216 –217 225 –226 235
,
237
,
244 –246 256
,
258
,
262 –263 282 –283 288
,
291 –293 299 –300 310 –311 320
,
336 –338 351
,
358
,
360
,
400
,
405
,
411
,
422
,
434
,
437
,
453 –454 470 –476 489
,
495 –496 504 –506 508
,
511
,
513
,
519 –520 544
,
547 –550
indigenous territories 33
,
386
,
388
,
419 –420 438
,
441 –443 445 –449 469
,
487
,
493 –494 500
,
529
traditional knowledge 74
,
150
,
285
,
313
,
422 –423
integrated water resources management (iwrm) 326
,
329
,
383
Integration of Amazon Biome Protected Areas (iapa) 454
,
487
International Arrangement on Forests 203
,
212
,
265
,
340 –341 351
International Institute of the Hylean Amazon 86
,
94
International Tropical Timber Agreement (itta) 28
,
132 –133 135
,
138
,
195 –196 211
International Tropical Timber Organization (itto) 128
,
132 –134 138
,
140
,
152
,
154
,
160
,
195 –196 211
,
227
,
235
,
247
,
249
,
254
,
310 –311 316 –317 383
,
471 –473
ipf/iff 29
,
151
,
194 –201 203 –205 207
,
211 –212
iucn 27
,
80 –82 93
,
129 –130 133
,
196
,
228 –230 233 –234 257
,
261
,
437 –444 453 –454 473
,
476 –477 479
,
481
,
520
,
548
La Plata River 11
1969 treaty 87
,
91
megadiverse countries 7
,
182
,
285
National Institute of Amazonian Research (inpa) 87
,
539
Nationally Determined Contributions (ndc) 344
,
359 –360
National Service of Natural Protected Areas (sernanp) 468
,
524
,
535
,
546
National System of Protected Area (sinanpe) 465
,
478
Non-legally Binding Instruments on All Types of Forests 2007 149, 268–269, 337
Organization of American States (oas) 85
,
87
,
92
,
116
,
232
,
234
,
236 –237 258
,
374 –375 548 –549
payment by performance 495
precautionary principle 409
,
412
,
423
protected areas 127
,
228 –229 243
,
254 –258 261 –264 296
,
320
,
323 –324 424
area by country 443 –445
deforestation in protected areas (see deforestation)
iucn categories 438
national system of protected areas 127
,
451
,
465
,
478
,
484
,
488
,
523
,
530
peace parks 470 –475
private 476 –487
regional approach 449 –456
transboundary 127
,
451
,
465 –475
Protected Areas, Natural Solutions to Climate Change (nascc) 454 –455 488
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (redd)+ 202
,
259
,
266 –268 271
,
277
,
300
,
346
,
470
,
480
,
494 –495 500 –504 513
,
515
Amazon Fund (Brazil) 308 –310 317
,
373
,
384
,
388
,
391
,
458
,
491
,
497 –500 503
,
529
Coalition for Rainforest Nations 266
gef – Heart of the Amazon project (Colombia) 33
,
237
,
494 –495
Guyana redd+ Investment Fund (grif) 503 –504
Low Carbon Development Strategy (lcds - Guyana) 501 –502
Socio Bosque Program (Ecuador) 469
,
494
,
509 –513
Redparques 33
,
190
,
243
,
257 –258 320 –323 437
,
441
,
443 –444 451 –455 487 –489
sinap (Colombia’s System of Protected Areas) 485 –486 523
,
530
snuc (Brazil’s National System of Protected Areas) 456 –457 463
,
488
Solimões River
.
see Amazon River
South-South cooperation (ssc) 197
,
223
,
229
,
270
,
307
,
310
,
314
,
327
,
330
,
349
,
382 –383 392
,
456
,
493
sovereignty 44
,
46
,
83
,
85 –90 96 –98 100
,
102
,
104
,
109 –111 125
,
133 –134 136 –137 145
,
148
,
159 –160 194
,
219
,
223
,
291
,
301
,
307
,
330 –331 334
,
355
,
358 –361 366 –371 373 –374 380
,
390 –391 398 –399 423
,
429
,
466
,
501 –502 518
over natural resources 78
,
92 –94 143
,
149
,
196
,
211 –212 298
,
393 –394 396 –397 419
,
421
,
427
,
433
,
514
Stockholm Conference 27
,
76 –77 82 –84 88
,
129
,
147
,
149 –150 397
Stockholm Declaration 94
,
99 –101 113
,
400 –401 407
,
418
Sumak Kawsay
.
see Buen Vivir
Sustainable Development Goals (sdgs) 31
,
342 –344 39
sustainable forest management 57
,
184
,
195 –198 200 –201 204
,
207
,
226
,
244 –246 253
,
260 –261 263
,
265 –270 273
,
295 –296 300
,
314
,
336 –337 341 –342 350
,
383
,
392
,
498
,
512
,
520 –521 529
Tarapoto Criteria and Sustainability Indicators 29 –31 183 –188 199
,
210 –211 216 –217 226
,
228 –229 234
,
236
,
253
,
243 –248 250
,
253
,
270
,
305
,
312
,
314
,
354
,
378
,
383
,
392
2020 Vision for Amazonia 453
undp 121 –122 184
,
456
,
508
un Economic and Social Council (ecosoc) 203 –204 265
unep 13
,
31
,
129
,
154
,
234 –235 258 –259 310
,
315
,
325
,
375
,
380
,
383
,
392
,
450
,
454
unfccc
.
see climate change
un Forum on Forests (unff) 29 –31 200
,
203 –205 207
,
212
,
237
,
247 –249 265
,
269
,
271
,
274
,
295
,
330
,
333 –337 340 –342 344
,
346
,
350 –351 360
,
383 –385 392
United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (unced) 140
,
143
,
147 –154 178
,
180 –181 183
,
193
,
206
,
212
,
326
,
331
,
374
Universal Declaration on Human Rights 413
Agenda 21
,
147
,
149
,
151 –153 180 –181 189
,
194
,
206
,
210
,
332
,
492
1992 Forest Principles 133
,
140 –141 147 –151 160
Rio Declaration on Environment and Development 100
,
113
,
140 –141 145
,
147
,
149 –150 159
,
250
,
330
,
332
,
400
Vienna Convention on the Law of the Treaties 95
,
107 –109 113
Wildlife Conservation Society (wcs) 350
,
474
World Bank 134
,
178
,
234
,
239
,
247
,
349
,
455
,
503
,
514
,
521
,
548
World Charter for Nature 130 –131 138
World Commission on Environment and Development 134
,
409
World Conservation Strategy 97
,
128 –130 135
,
138
World Wide Fund for Nature (wwf) 129
,
154
,
234 –235 239
,
254
,
257
,
321
,
324
,
453 –455 458
,
468
,
548
Yasuní itt-Initiative 191
,
305
,
494
,
504 –509