The ban on the use of antibiotics as feed additives for animal growth promotion in the European Union and United States and the expectation of this trend to further expand to other countries in the short term have prompted a surge in probiotic research. Multi-species probiotics including safe and compatible strains with the ability to bind different nutritional lectins with detrimental effects on poultry nutrition could replace antibiotics as feed additives. Lactobacillus salivarius LET201, Lactobacillus reuteri LET210, Enterococcus faecium LET301, Propionibacterium acidipropionici LET103 and Bifidobacterium infantis CRL1395 have proved to be compatible as evaluated through three different approaches: the production and excretion of antimicrobial compounds, growth inhibition by competition for essential nutrients and physical contact, and a combination of both. The safety of P. acidipropionici LET103 was confirmed, since no expression of virulence factors or antibiotic resistance was detected. The innocuity of E. faecium LET301 should be further evaluated, since the presence of genes coding for certain virulence factors (gelE, efaAfm and efaAfs) was observed, albeit no expression of gelE was previously detected for this strain and there are no reports of involvement of efaAfm in animal pathogenicity. Finally, a combination of the five strains effectively protected intestinal epithelial cells of broilers from the cytotoxicity of mixtures of soybean agglutinin, wheat germ agglutinin and concanavalin A. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a combination of strains is evaluated for their protection against lectins that might be simultaneously present in poultry feeds.
Purchase
Buy instant access (PDF download and unlimited online access):
Institutional Login
Log in with Open Athens, Shibboleth, or your institutional credentials
Personal login
Log in with your brill.com account
Abdel Fattah, N. and Darwish, Y., 2013. In vitro antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Propionibacterium acnes isolated from acne patients: an Egyptian university hospital-based study. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 27: 1546-1551.
'In vitro antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Propionibacterium acnes isolated from acne patients: an Egyptian university hospital-based study ' () 27 Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : 1546 -1551.
Adebiyi, A. and Olukosi, O., 2015. Metabolizable energy content of wheat distillers’ dried grains with solubles supplemented with or without a mixture of carbohydrases and protease for broilers and turkeys. Poultry Science 94: 1270-1276.
'Metabolizable energy content of wheat distillers’ dried grains with solubles supplemented with or without a mixture of carbohydrases and protease for broilers and turkeys ' () 94 Poultry Science : 1270 -1276.
Arganaraz-Martinez, E., Babot, J.D., Apella, M.C. and Perez Chaia, A., 2013. Physiological and functional characteristics of Propionibacterium strains of the poultry microbiota and relevance for the development of probiotic products. Anaerobe 23C: 27-37.
'Physiological and functional characteristics of Propionibacterium strains of the poultry microbiota and relevance for the development of probiotic products ' () 23C Anaerobe : 27 -37.
Babot, J.D., Arganaraz Martinez, E., Lorenzo-Pisarello, M.J., Apella, M.C. and Perez Chaia, A., 2017. Lactic acid bacteria isolated from poultry protect the intestinal epithelial cells of chickens from in vitro wheat germ agglutinin-induced cytotoxicity. British Poultry Science 58: 76-82.
'Lactic acid bacteria isolated from poultry protect the intestinal epithelial cells of chickens from in vitro wheat germ agglutinin-induced cytotoxicity ' () 58 British Poultry Science : 76 -82.
Babot, J.D., Argañaraz-Martínez, E., Lorenzo-Pisarello, M.J., Apella, M.C. and Perez Chaia, A., 2016. Cytotoxic damage of soybean agglutinin on intestinal epithelial cells of broiler chicks: in vitro protection by Bifidobacterium infantis CRL1395. FEMS Microbiology Letters 363: 114.
'Cytotoxic damage of soybean agglutinin on intestinal epithelial cells of broiler chicks: in vitro protection by Bifidobacterium infantis CRL1395 ' () 363 FEMS Microbiology Letters : 114.
Babot, J.D., Arganaraz-Martinez, E., Saavedra, L., Apella, M.C. and Perez Chaia, A., 2014. Selection of indigenous lactic acid bacteria to reinforce the intestinal microbiota of newly hatched chicken – relevance of in vitro and ex vivo methods for strains characterization. Research in Veterinary Science 97: 8-17.
'Selection of indigenous lactic acid bacteria to reinforce the intestinal microbiota of newly hatched chicken – relevance of in vitro and ex vivo methods for strains characterization ' () 97 Research in Veterinary Science : 8 -17.
Babot, J.D., Hidalgo, M., Arganaraz-Martinez, E., Apella, M.C. and Perez Chaia, A., 2011. Fluorescence in situ hybridization for detection of classical propionibacteria with specific 16S rRNA-targeted probes and its application to enumeration in Gruyere cheese. International Journal of Food Microbiology 145: 221-228.
'Fluorescence in situ hybridization for detection of classical propionibacteria with specific 16S rRNA-targeted probes and its application to enumeration in Gruyere cheese ' () 145 International Journal of Food Microbiology : 221 -228.
Bingol, N., Dede, S., Karsli, M., Değer, Y., Kılınç, K.D. and Kiliçalp, S., 2016. Effects of the replacement of soybean meal with pea as dietary protein source on the serum protein fractions of broilers. Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola 18: 639-644.
'Effects of the replacement of soybean meal with pea as dietary protein source on the serum protein fractions of broilers ' () 18 Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola : 639 -644.
Chamba, J., Bertrand, X. and Tailliez, P., 2004. Antibiorésistance de la flore d'intérêt technologique des fromages à pâte pressée cuite. T17 44. 13ème Colloque du Club des Bactéries Lactiques, Nantes, 8-10 septembre 2004.
'Antibiorésistance de la flore d'intérêt technologique des fromages à pâte pressée cuite ', in T17 44. 13ème Colloque du Club des Bactéries Lactiques, Nantes , ().
Chapman, C.M.C., Gibson, G.R. and Rowland, I., 2012. In vitro evaluation of single- and multi-strain probiotics: inter-species inhibition between probiotic strains, and inhibition of pathogens. Anaerobe 18: 405-413.
'In vitro evaluation of single- and multi-strain probiotics: inter-species inhibition between probiotic strains, and inhibition of pathogens ' () 18 Anaerobe : 405 -413.
Chaucheyras-Durand, F. and Durand, H., 2009. Probiotics in animal nutrition and health. Beneficial Microbes 1: 3-9.
'Probiotics in animal nutrition and health ' () 1 Beneficial Microbes : 3 -9.
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), 2006. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 16th informational supplement M100-S16. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA, USA.
Comité de l’Antibiogramme de la Société Française de Microbiologie (CASFM), 2010. Recommandations 2010. Société Française de Microbiologie, Paris, France.
Conwell, M., Daniels, V., Naughton, P.J. and Dooley, J.S.G., 2017. Interspecies transfer of vancomycin, erythromycin and tetracycline resistance among Enterococcus species recovered from agrarian sources. BMC Microbiology 17: 1-8.
'Interspecies transfer of vancomycin, erythromycin and tetracycline resistance among Enterococcus species recovered from agrarian sources ' () 17 BMC Microbiology : 1 -8.
De Man, J., Rogosa, D. and Sharpe, M.E., 1960. A medium for the cultivation of lactobacilli. Journal of Applied Microbiology 23: 130-135.
'A medium for the cultivation of lactobacilli ' () 23 Journal of Applied Microbiology : 130 -135.
Ditta, Y. and King, A., 2017. Recent advances in sunflower seed meal as an alternate source of protein in broilers. World’s Poultry Science Journal 73: 527-542.
'Recent advances in sunflower seed meal as an alternate source of protein in broilers ' () 73 World’s Poultry Science Journal : 527 -542.
Doğru, A.K., Gençay, Y.E. and Ayaz, N.D., 2010. Comparison of virulence gene profiles of Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis chicken neck skin and faeces isolates. Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi 16: 129-133.
'Comparison of virulence gene profiles of Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis chicken neck skin and faeces isolates ' () 16 Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi : 129 -133.
drafting guidelines for the evaluation of probiotics in food. London, Ontario, Canada.
Dunlop, R.H., 2004. Pathophysiology of homeostatic and toxic disorders. In: Dunlop, R.H. and Malbert, C.H. (eds.) Veterinary pathophysiology. Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken, NJ, USA, pp. 478-489.
'Pathophysiology of homeostatic and toxic disorders ', in Veterinary pathophysiology , () 478 -489.
Dunne, C., Murphy, L., Flynn, S., O’Mahony, L., O’Halloran, S., Feeney, M., Morrissey, D., Thornton, G., Fitzgerald, G. and Daly, C., 1999. Probiotics: from myth to reality. Demonstration of functionality in animal models of disease and in human clinical trials, Lactic Acid Bacteria: Genetics, Metabolism and Applications. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 76: 279-292.
'Probiotics: from myth to reality ' () 76 Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek : 279 -292.
Eaton, T.J. and Gasson, M.J., 2001. Molecular screening of Enterococcusvirulence determinants and potential for genetic exchange between food and medical isolates. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67: 1628-1635.
'Molecular screening of Enterococcusvirulence determinants and potential for genetic exchange between food and medical isolates ' () 67 Applied and Environmental Microbiology : 1628 -1635.
Elsner, H.-A., Sobottka, I., Mack, D., Laufs, R., Claussen, M. and Wirth, R., 2000. Virulence factors of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium blood culture isolates. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 19: 39-42.
'Virulence factors of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium blood culture isolates ' () 19 European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases : 39 -42.
European Commission (EC), 2003. Regulation No 1831/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council on Additives for use in Animal Nutrition. Official Journal of the European Union L 268: 29-43.
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), 2011. Scientific Opinion on the maintenance of the list of QPS biological agents intentionally added to food and feed (2011 update). EFSA Journal 9: 2497.
Famularo, G., De Simone, C., Matteuzzi, D. and Pirovano, F., 1999. Traditional and high potency probiotic preparations for oral bacteriotherapy. BioDrugs 12: 455-470.
'Traditional and high potency probiotic preparations for oral bacteriotherapy ' () 268 BioDrugs : 29 -43.
Food and Agriculture Organisation/World Health Organisation (FAO/WHO), 2002. Guidelines for the evaluation of probiotics in food. Report of a joint FAO/WHO Working Group on
Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 2013. Guidance for Industry #213: new animal drugs and new animal drug combination products administered in or on medicated feed or drinking water of food producing animals: recommendations for drug sponsors for voluntarily aligning product use conditions with GFI #209. FDA, Rockville, MD, USA.
Fooks, L.J. and Gibson, G.R., 2002. In vitro investigations of the effect of probiotics and prebiotics on selected human intestinal pathogens. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 39: 67-75.
'In vitro investigations of the effect of probiotics and prebiotics on selected human intestinal pathogens ' () 39 FEMS Microbiology Ecology : 67 -75.
Fredua-Agyeman, M., Parab, S. and Gaisford, S., 2016. Evaluation of commercial probiotic products. British Journal of Pharmacy 1(1): 84-89.
'Evaluation of commercial probiotic products ' () 1 British Journal of Pharmacy : 84 -89.
Fredua-Agyeman, M., Stapleton, P., Basit, A.W. and Gaisford, S., 2017. Microcalorimetric evaluation of a multi-strain probiotic: interspecies inhibition between probiotic strains. Journal of Functional Foods 36: 357-361.
'Microcalorimetric evaluation of a multi-strain probiotic: interspecies inhibition between probiotic strains ' () 36 Journal of Functional Foods : 357 -361.
Gonzalez Ronquillo, M. and Angeles Hernandez, J.C., 2017. Antibiotic and synthetic growth promoters in animal diets: review of impact and analytical methods. Food Control 72: 255-267.
'Antibiotic and synthetic growth promoters in animal diets: review of impact and analytical methods ' () 72 Food Control : 255 -267.
Guo-wei, S., Zhe, J., Tao, Q., He, C. and Qi, M., 2012. Effect of ascorbic acid and cysteine hydrochloride on growth of Bifidobacterium bifidum. Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Convergence Computer Technology. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA, pp. 339-342.
'Effect of ascorbic acid and cysteine hydrochloride on growth of Bifidobacterium bifidum. ', in Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Convergence Computer Technology , () 339 -342.
Herpol, C. and Van Grembergen, G., 1967. La signification du pH dans le tube digestif de gallus domesticus. Annales de Biologie Animale Biochimie Biophysique. EDP Sciences, Les Ulis, France, pp. 33-38.
'La signification du pH dans le tube digestif de gallus domesticus ', in Annales de Biologie Animale Biochimie Biophysique , () 33 -38.
Hettinga, D.H. and Reinbold, G.W., 1972. The propionic-acid bacteria – a review: growth. Journal of Milk and Food Technology 35: 295-301.
'The propionic-acid bacteria – a review: growth ' () 35 Journal of Milk and Food Technology : 295 -301.
Hill, C., Guarner, F., Reid, G., Gibson, G.R., Merenstein, D.J., Pot, B., Morelli, L., Canani, R.B., Flint, H.J. and Salminen, S., 2014. Expert consensus document: the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology and Hepatology 11: 506-514.
'Expert consensus document: the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic ' () 11 Nature Reviews Gastroenterology and Hepatology : 506 -514.
Hsu, S.T. and Yang, S.T., 1991. Propionic acid fermentation of lactose by Propionibacterium acidipropionici : effects of pH. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 38: 571-578.
'Propionic acid fermentation of lactose by Propionibacterium acidipropionici : effects of pH ' () 38 Biotechnology and Bioengineering : 571 -578.
Jahan, M. and Holley, R., 2016. Transfer of antibiotic resistance from Enterococcus faecium of fermented meat origin to Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria innocua. Letters in Applied Microbiology 62: 304-310.
'Transfer of antibiotic resistance from Enterococcus faecium of fermented meat origin to Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria innocua ' () 62 Letters in Applied Microbiology : 304 -310.
Kariyama, R., Mitsuhata, R., Chow, J.W., Clewell, D.B. and Kumon, H., 2000. Simple and reliable multiplex PCR assay for surveillance isolates of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38: 3092-3095.
'Simple and reliable multiplex PCR assay for surveillance isolates of vancomycin-resistant enterococci ' () 38 Journal of Clinical Microbiology : 3092 -3095.
Klare, I., Konstabel, C., Müller-Bertling, S., Reissbrodt, R., Huys, G., Vancanneyt, M., Swings, J., Goossens, H. and Witte, W., 2005. Evaluation of new broth media for microdilution antibiotic susceptibility testing of lactobacilli, pediococci, lactococci, and bifidobacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71: 8982-8986.
'Evaluation of new broth media for microdilution antibiotic susceptibility testing of lactobacilli, pediococci, lactococci, and bifidobacteria ' () 71 Applied and Environmental Microbiology : 8982 -8986.
Kos, B., Beganović, J., Jurašić, L., Švađumović, M., Leboš Pavunc, A., Uroić, K. and Šušković, J., 2011. Coculture-inducible bacteriocin biosynthesis of different probiotic strains by dairy starter culture Lactococcus lactis. Mljekarstvo: časopis za unaprjeđenje proizvodnje i prerade mlijeka 61: 273-282.
'Coculture-inducible bacteriocin biosynthesis of different probiotic strains by dairy starter culture Lactococcus lactis ' () 61 Mljekarstvo: časopis za unaprjeđenje proizvodnje i prerade mlijeka : 273 -282.
Leiber, F., Gelencsér, T., Stamer, A., Amsler, Z., Wohlfahrt, J., Früh, B. and Maurer, V., 2017. Insect and legume-based protein sources to replace soybean cake in an organic broiler diet: effects on growth performance and physical meat quality. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 32: 21-27.
'Insect and legume-based protein sources to replace soybean cake in an organic broiler diet: effects on growth performance and physical meat quality ' () 32 Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems : 21 -27.
Lorenzo-Pisarello, M.J., Gultemirian, M.L., Nieto-Penalver, C. and Perez Chaia, A., 2010. Propionibacterium acidipropionici CRL1198 influences the production of acids and the growth of bacterial genera stimulated by inulin in a murine model of cecal slurries. Anaerobe 16: 345-354.
'Propionibacterium acidipropionici CRL1198 influences the production of acids and the growth of bacterial genera stimulated by inulin in a murine model of cecal slurries ' () 16 Anaerobe : 345 -354.
Madec, M., Rouault, A., Maubois, J. and Thierry, A., 1994. Selective medium and method for enumerating propionic bacteria. Patent WO94/17201-A1.
'Selective medium and method for enumerating propionic bacteria', ().
Mannu, L., Paba, A., Daga, E., Comunian, R., Zanetti, S., Duprè, I. and Sechi, L.A., 2003. Comparison of the incidence of virulence determinants and antibiotic resistance between Enterococcus faecium strains of dairy, animal and clinical origin. International Journal of Food Microbiology 88: 291-304.
'Comparison of the incidence of virulence determinants and antibiotic resistance between Enterococcus faecium strains of dairy, animal and clinical origin ' () 88 International Journal of Food Microbiology : 291 -304.
Mater, D.D., Langella, P., Corthier, G. and Flores, M.-J., 2008. A probiotic Lactobacillus strain can acquire vancomycin resistance during digestive transit in mice. Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology 14: 123-127.
'A probiotic Lactobacillus strain can acquire vancomycin resistance during digestive transit in mice ' () 14 Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology : 123 -127.
Meile, L., Le Blay, G. and Thierry, A., 2008. Safety assessment of dairy microorganisms: Propionibacterium and Bifidobacterium. International Journal of Food Microbiology 126: 316-320.
'Safety assessment of dairy microorganisms: Propionibacterium and Bifidobacterium ' () 126 International Journal of Food Microbiology : 316 -320.
Mogensen, G., Salminen, S., O’brien, J., Ouwehand, A., Holzapfel, W., Shortt, C., Fonden, R., Miller, G., Donohue, D. and Playne, M., 2002. Food microorganisms: health benefits, safety evaluation and strains with documented history of use in foods. Bulletin of the International Dairy Federation 377: 4-9.
'Food microorganisms: health benefits, safety evaluation and strains with documented history of use in foods ' () 377 Bulletin of the International Dairy Federation : 4 -9.
Pospiech, A. and Neumann, B., 1995. A versatile quick-prep of genomic DNA from gram-positive bacteria. Trends in Genetics 11: 217-218.
'A versatile quick-prep of genomic DNA from gram-positive bacteria ' () 11 Trends in Genetics : 217 -218.
Rahimifard, N. and Naseri, M., 2016. Evaluation and comparison of three antimicrobial activity methods using Bifidobacteriabifidum and Bifidobacteria infantis as probiotic bacteria against Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis. Journal of Bacteriology and Mycology 2: 24.
'Evaluation and comparison of three antimicrobial activity methods using Bifidobacteriabifidum and Bifidobacteria infantis as probiotic bacteria against Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis ' () 2 Journal of Bacteriology and Mycology : 24.
Raibaud, P., Caulet, M., Galpin, J. and Mocquot, G., 1961. Studies on the bacterial flora of the alimentary tract of pigs. II. Streptococci: selective enumeration and differentiation of the dominant group. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 24: 285-306.
'Studies on the bacterial flora of the alimentary tract of pigs ' () 24 Journal of Applied Bacteriology : 285 -306.
Reuter, G., 1971. Designation of type strains for Bifidobacterium species. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 21: 273-275.
'Designation of type strains for Bifidobacterium species ' () 21 International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology : 273 -275.
Rogosa, M., Mitchell, J.A. and Wiseman, R.F., 1951. A selective medium for the isolation and enumeration of oral and fecal lactobacilli. Journal of Bacteriology 62: 132-133.
'A selective medium for the isolation and enumeration of oral and fecal lactobacilli ' () 62 Journal of Bacteriology : 132 -133.
Rolfe, R.D., 2000. The role of probiotic cultures in the control of gastrointestinal health. Journal of Nutrition 130: 396S-402S.
'The role of probiotic cultures in the control of gastrointestinal health ' () 130 Journal of Nutrition : 396S -402S.
Sanders, M.E. and Huis, J., 1999. Bringing a probiotic-containing functional food to the market: microbiological, product, regulatory and labeling issues. Lactic Acid Bacteria: Genetics, Metabolism and Applications. Springer, New York, NY, USA, pp. 293-315.
'Bringing a probiotic-containing functional food to the market: microbiological, product, regulatory and labeling issues ', in Lactic Acid Bacteria: Genetics, Metabolism and Applications , () 293 -315.
Sanz, Y., Portune, K., Gómez del Pulgar, E.M. and Benítez-Páez, A., 2016. Targeting the microbiota: considerations for developing probiotics as functional foods A2 – Hyland, Niall. In: Stanton, C. (ed.) The gut-brain axis. Academic Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, pp. 17-30.
'Targeting the microbiota: considerations for developing probiotics as functional foods A2 – Hyland, Niall ', in The gut-brain axis , () 17 -30.
Sarup Singh, R., Preet Kaur, H. and Rakesh Kanwar, J., 2016. Mushroom lectins as promising anticancer substances. Current Protein and Peptide Science 17: 797-807.
'Mushroom lectins as promising anticancer substances ' () 17 Current Protein and Peptide Science : 797 -807.
Singh, K.V., Coque, T.M., Weinstock, G.M. and Murray, B.E., 1998. In vivo testing of an Enterococcus faecalis efaA mutant and use of efaA homologs for species identification. FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology 21: 323-331.
'In vivo testing of an Enterococcus faecalis efaA mutant and use of efaA homologs for species identification ' () 21 FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology : 323 -331.
Sturkie, P.D., 2012. Avian physiology. Springer Science & Business Media, New York, NY, USA.
'Avian physiology', ().
Timmerman, H., Koning, C., Mulder, L., Rombouts, F. and Beynen, A., 2004. Monostrain, multistrain and multispecies probiotics – a comparison of functionality and efficacy. International Journal of Food Microbiology 96: 219-233.
'Monostrain, multistrain and multispecies probiotics – a comparison of functionality and efficacy ' () 96 International Journal of Food Microbiology : 219 -233.
Valentine, M.F., De Tar, J.R., Mookkan, M., Firman, J.D. and Zhang, Z.J., 2017. Silencing of soybean raffinose synthase gene reduced raffinose family oligosaccharides and increased true metabolizable energy of poultry feed. Frontiers in Plant Science 8: 692.
'Silencing of soybean raffinose synthase gene reduced raffinose family oligosaccharides and increased true metabolizable energy of poultry feed ' () 8 Frontiers in Plant Science : 692.
Vankerckhoven, V., Van Autgaerden, T., Vael, C., Lammens, C., Chapelle, S., Rossi, R., Jabes, D. and Goossens, H., 2004. Development of a multiplex PCR for the detection of asa1, gelE, cylA, esp, and hyl genes in enterococci and survey for virulence determinants among European hospital isolates of Enterococcus faecium. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 42: 4473-4479.
'Development of a multiplex PCR for the detection of asa1, gelE, cylA, esp, and hyl genes in enterococci and survey for virulence determinants among European hospital isolates of Enterococcus faecium ' () 42 Journal of Clinical Microbiology : 4473 -4479.
Vojdani, A., 2015. Lectins, agglutinins, and their roles in autoimmune reactivities. Health 2: 4.
'Lectins, agglutinins, and their roles in autoimmune reactivities ' () 2 Health : 4.
Vuong, C.N., Chou, W.-K., Hargis, B.M., Berghman, L.R. and Bielke, L.R., 2016. Role of probiotics on immune function and their relationship to antibiotic growth promoters in poultry, a brief review. International Journal of Probiotics & Prebiotics 11: 1.
'Role of probiotics on immune function and their relationship to antibiotic growth promoters in poultry, a brief review ' () 11 International Journal of Probiotics & Prebiotics : 1.
Weigel, L.M., Clewell, D.B., Gill, S.R., Clark, N.C., McDougal, L.K., Flannagan, S.E., Kolonay, J.F., Shetty, J., Killgore, G.E. and Tenover, F.C., 2003. Genetic analysis of a high-level vancomycin-resistant isolate of Staphylococcus aureus. Science 302: 1569-1571.
'Genetic analysis of a high-level vancomycin-resistant isolate of Staphylococcus aureus ' () 302 Science : 1569 -1571.
Wu, Q.Q., You, H.J., Ahn, H.J., Kwon, B. and Ji, G.E., 2012. Changes in growth and survival of Bifidobacterium by coculture with Propionibacterium in soy milk, cow’s milk, and modified MRS medium. International Journal of Food Microbiology 157: 65-72.
'Changes in growth and survival of Bifidobacterium by coculture with Propionibacterium in soy milk, cow’s milk, and modified MRS medium ' () 157 International Journal of Food Microbiology : 65 -72.
Zandi, S., Vares, B. and Abdollahi, H., 2011. Determination of microbial agents of acne vulgaris and Propionibacterium acnes antibiotic resistance in patients referred to dermatology clinics in Kerman, Iran. Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology 4: 17-22.
'Determination of microbial agents of acne vulgaris and Propionibacterium acnes antibiotic resistance in patients referred to dermatology clinics in Kerman, Iran ' () 4 Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology : 17 -22.
Zárate, G., Sáez, G.D. and Pérez Chaia, A., 2017. Dairy propionibacteria prevent the proliferative effect of plant lectins on SW480 cells and protect the metabolic activity of the intestinal microbiota in vitro. Anaerobe 44: 58-65.
'Dairy propionibacteria prevent the proliferative effect of plant lectins on SW480 cells and protect the metabolic activity of the intestinal microbiota in vitro ' () 44 Anaerobe : 58 -65.
| All Time | Past 365 days | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 444 | 183 | 15 |
| Full Text Views | 13 | 0 | 0 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 5 | 0 | 0 |
The ban on the use of antibiotics as feed additives for animal growth promotion in the European Union and United States and the expectation of this trend to further expand to other countries in the short term have prompted a surge in probiotic research. Multi-species probiotics including safe and compatible strains with the ability to bind different nutritional lectins with detrimental effects on poultry nutrition could replace antibiotics as feed additives. Lactobacillus salivarius LET201, Lactobacillus reuteri LET210, Enterococcus faecium LET301, Propionibacterium acidipropionici LET103 and Bifidobacterium infantis CRL1395 have proved to be compatible as evaluated through three different approaches: the production and excretion of antimicrobial compounds, growth inhibition by competition for essential nutrients and physical contact, and a combination of both. The safety of P. acidipropionici LET103 was confirmed, since no expression of virulence factors or antibiotic resistance was detected. The innocuity of E. faecium LET301 should be further evaluated, since the presence of genes coding for certain virulence factors (gelE, efaAfm and efaAfs) was observed, albeit no expression of gelE was previously detected for this strain and there are no reports of involvement of efaAfm in animal pathogenicity. Finally, a combination of the five strains effectively protected intestinal epithelial cells of broilers from the cytotoxicity of mixtures of soybean agglutinin, wheat germ agglutinin and concanavalin A. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a combination of strains is evaluated for their protection against lectins that might be simultaneously present in poultry feeds.
| All Time | Past 365 days | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 444 | 183 | 15 |
| Full Text Views | 13 | 0 | 0 |
| PDF Views & Downloads | 5 | 0 | 0 |