6. Shunyata: The Nature of the World in Mahayana Traditions
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This chapter explores certain streams of the Mahayana Buddhist tradition as it has wrestled with fundamental metaphysical and ontological questions. The hypothesis is that the doctrine of shunyata has indeed been suggestive and valuable for Buddhist perspectives on nature in ways which compromised neither its religious character nor the empirical mindedness of those Buddhists for whom this was a central category. In order to see this, the chapter retraces the steps from Nishitani back through his teacher Nishida and the Huayen School of the T’ang Dynasty to the ideas of Nagarjuna, who stands at the fount of the Madhyamaka tradition. In each case one can do no more than highlighting the major points pertinent to the inquiry. What emerges is the contours of a Mahayana Buddhist cosmology, which in turn sheds light on how Buddhists in this tradition see the nature of the world ultimately in terms of shunyata.