Table 1.1. Case morphemes on verb roots and on inflected verbs 8
Table 1.2. Meanings of cases having core uses, with noun phrases and with clauses 12
Table 1.3. Meanings of cases lacking core uses, with noun phrases and with clauses 14
Table 1.4. Versatile case marking suffixes in nominal and verbal contexts in Kham 18
Table 1.5. Meanings and functions of cases in Manambu on nouns and verbs 30
Table 2.1. Comparison of properties of types (I)–(IV) 77
Table 3.1. Causatives of intransitive verbs marked with prefix kay-: examples 104
Table 3.2. Manipulatives of (ambi)transitive verbs marked with prefix kay-: examples 106
Table 3.3. Morphological causatives and their meanings in Tariana 111
Table 3.4. Semantic parameters shared by morphological causative markers in their valency-increasing and valency-preserving functions 135
Table 3.5. Non-valency-increasing meanings of causative markers: summary of examples 136
Table 7.1. Distinguishing polysemous -ing forms in English 265
Table 8.1. Syntactic possibilities for direct speech report 309
Table 9.1. Coreferentiality of the Original Speaker and the participants within speech reports 330
Table 9.2. Coreferentiality of the Current Speaker, the Original Speaker and the participants in speech reports (the Current Speaker is feminine) 332
Table 9.3. Direct and indirect speech reports in Manambu: a comparison 335
Table 9.4. Semi-direct, direct and indirect speech reports in Manambu: a comparison 347
Table 9.5. Parameters of variation in semi-direct speech constructions 360
Table 10.1. Conjugational classes for disyllabic verbs in Nyawaygi 374
Table 11.1. Grammatical relations and core cases in Tariana 383
Table 11.2. Oblique cases in Tariana 384
Table 12.1. Demonstratives in Palikur (singular) 405
Table 12.2. Cross-referencing affixes and independent pronouns 406
Table 12.3. Gender marking on verbs in Palikur 407
Table 12.4. Morphological divisions of numeral classifiers 415
Table 12.5. Incorporated body parts 424
Table 12.6. Locative classifiers in Apalai 434
Table 12.7. Possessive classifiers in Palikur 436
Table 12.8. Numeral, verbal and locative classifiers 438
Table 12.9. Properties of classifiers and genders 439
Table 12.10. Semantics of classifiers and genders 441
Table 12.11. Semantic and functional properties and origin of classifiers 445
Table 15.1. Choice of -er or more 476
Table 15.2. Comparative forms of adjectives and adverbs 482
Figure 3.1. Semantic features of causative markers with non-valency-increasing uses 137
Figure 8.1. Speech reports as a continuum 302
Figure 8.2. Polysemous patterns in speech report constructions 319
Figure 12.1. Gender assignment in Palikur 402
Figure 12.2. Semantics of Palikur sortal numeral classifiers 412
Figure 12.3. Semantics of Palikur mensural numeral classifiers 413
Figure 12.4. Palikur verbal classifiers 419
Figure 12.5. Palikur locative classifiers 432