Index
Adamkus, Valdas (b. 1926), president of Lithuania
111–112
Allenstein, see Olsztyn
Alter, Karen J. (b. 1965), international law specialist
77
Anders, Władysław (1892–1970), military general
271
Antonescu, Crin (b. 1959), politician
138–139, 153–154
Antonescu, Ică (Mihai) (1904–1946), soldier
146
Antonescu, Ion (1882–1946), military officer and marshal, leader of Romania
36–37, 132–134, 136–139, 142–143, 146, 153, 156
Arad, Yitzhak (1926–2021), historian
113–114
Arājs, Victors (1910–1988), Nazi collaborator, SS SD officer
41, 249, 252–257, 259–262, 264
Armenia, Armenians
6
Assmann, Aleida, (b. 1947), egyptologist and cultural studies researcher
5
Assmann, Jan (b. 1938), egyptologist and cultural studies researcher
182–183
Auschwitz, see Oświęcim
Austria, Austrians
39, 211, 216, 219–224, 251, 255
Avivi, Pinhas (b. 1947), diplomat
89
Azerbaijan, Azerbaijanis
6
Babyn Yar, see Kyiv
Bădescu, Ilie (b. 1948), sociologist and geopolitician
150
Bąkiewicz, Robert (b. 1976), politician
30
Balog, Zoltán (b. 1958), politician
36, 163
Bandera, Stepan (1909–1959), politician
28, 87
Baum, Bruno (1910–1971), politician
273
Bergen, Doris (b. 1960), historian
72
Belarus, Belarusians
3, 6, 13, 17, 25, 28, 39–40, 209–225, 253, 269
Beria, Lavrentiy (1899–1953), politician, head of the NKVD
204
Berlin, Germany
112, 146, 211, 222
Bessarabia, Bessarabians
11, 134
Bierut, Bolesław (1892–1956), president of Poland
272
Bismarck, Otto von (1815–1898), chancellor of Germany
196
Blaga, Vasile (b. 1956), politician
151, 153, 155
Blagovshchina, forest
Holocaust execution site
211–225
Blanke, Richard (b. 1940), historian
232
Błoński, Jan (1931–2009), historian
66
Bogdan, Rareș (b. 1974), journalist and politician
145, 150–151
Bognár, Zalán (b. 1963), historian
173
Bohemia, Bohemians
210, 229–231, 235, 241, 251
Boholyubov, Hennadiy (b. 1962), businessman
95
Bolatice, Czechia
237
Bolshoy Trostenets, Belarus
215, 217–219
Bonn, Germany
192, 199–200
Borevičius, Jonas (1906–1989), Roman Catholic priest
120
Brandt, Willy (1913–1992), chancellor of West Germany
32, 194
Brașov, Romania
136–137
Braun, Grzegorz (b. 1967), politician
30–31, 34
Brazauskas, Algirdas (1932–2010), president of Lithuania
67, 109–110
Brazil, Brazilians
254
Bremen, Germany
222
Breslau, see Wrocław
Brest, Belarus
222
Brezhnev, Leonid (1906–1982), general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
134
Bucharest, Romania
133–134, 137–138, 147, 150–153, 156
Budaörs, Hungary
175
Budapest, Hungary
149, 163–164, 180–181
Budrytė, Dovilė, politologist
35, 140
Bug, river
192, 204
Bührmann, Andrea (b. 1961), sociologist
65
Bukovina, Bukovinians
134
Bulgaria, Bulgarians
164
Buzatu, Gheorghe (1939–2013), historian and politician
135–136
Buzău, Romania
134
Bykowska, Sylwia, historian
38
Carpathians, mountain range
67, 170, 177, 179
Ceaușescu, Nicolae (1918–1989), leader of Romania
131
Céline, Louis-Ferdinand (1894–1961), novelist, polemicist and physician
146
Chomutov, Czechia
230
Christianity, Christians
34, 63, 137, 151, 153, 194, 200, 235
Eastern Orthodoxy, Eastern Orthodox Christians
141–143, 149, 152, 224
Protestantism, Protestants
244
Roman Catholicism, Roman Catholics
25, 29, 72, 75, 80, 93, 120, 232, 235, 240, 273–274, 278, 281
Chuchelná, Czechia
233
Churchill, Winston (1874–1965), prime minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
6
Cioran, Emil (1911–1995), philosopher, aphorist and essayist
142
Cluj-Napoca, Romania
150, 156
Codreanu, Corneliu Zelea (1899–1938), politician
143, 149, 152, 154
Codrescu, Răzvan (1959–2021), poet and essayist
143–144
Coja, Ion (b. 1942), philologist, politician and writer
149
Colceag, Florin (b. 1951), politician
151
Cold War (1947–1991)
3, 197
Cologne, Germany
222
Condurache, Cezarina (b. 1924), politician
144
Constanța, Romania
134
Cracow, Poland
21, 203, 275
Crimea, peninsula
93, 116, 251
Crimean Tatars
93
Croatia, Croats
17, 155
Császártöltés, Hungary
168
Csávoly, Hungary
168
Cukurs, Herbert (1900–1965), aviator, Nazi collaborator
41, 249–265
Cyrankiewicz, Józef (1911–1989), prime minster of Poland
271–272
Czechia, Czechs
3, 6, 19, 22, 39, 41, 131, 141, 164, 211, 216, 221–224, 229–245
Czechoslovakia, Czechoslovak
22, 41, 131, 164, 216, 221, 223, 229–236, 238–242, 244
Velvet Revolution (1989)
243
Częstochowa, Poland
272, 278
Dąbrowa Górnicza, Poland
9
Dalhouski, Aliaksandr (b. 1978), historian
39
Danzig, see Gdańsk
Davoliūtė, Violeta, politologist
123
Desbois, Patrick (b. 1955), Roman Catholic priest
93
Dnipro, Ukraine
93, 95
Dnipropetrovsk, see Dnipro
Dobrogeanu-Gherea, Constantin (1855–1920), Marxist, sociologist and politician
136
Dolní Benešov, Czechia
233
Dortmund, Germany
220, 225
Dragnea, Liviu (b. 1962), politician
156
Duca, Ion G. (1879–1933), prime minister of Romania
153
Duda, Andrzej (b. 1972), president of Poland
16, 68–69, 71, 73
Düsseldorf, Germany
222
Dzierżyński, Feliks (Rus. Felix Dzerzhinsky, 1877–1926), politician, Soviet revolutionary
23
Dzyarzhynsk. Belarus
massacre (1941)
210
Eglitis, Daina S., sociologist
125
Eichmann, Adolf (1906–1962), SS official
210, 254, 261
Eliade, Mircea (1907–1986), historian of religion, fiction writer, philosopher
142
Elsaesser, Thomas (1943–2019), historian
32
Engelking, Barbara (b. 1962), psychologist and sociologist
74
Erben, Alois, writer and publicist
235
Estonia, Estonians
6, 16, 35, 230
Ezergailis, Andrew (1930–2022), historian
259, 262
Falkenau an der Eger, see Sokolov
Feldman, Oleksandr (b. 1960), politician
92
Finland, Finns
6
Fiszbach, Tadeusz (b. 1935), politician and diplomat
195
Focșani, Romania
179
Fornalska, Małgorzata (1902–1944), communist activist
23
Foti, Silvia (b. 1961), journalist and writer
118
Foucault, Michel (1926–1984), historian and philosopher
65–66, 71, 73
Frampol, Poland
31
France, French
5, 93, 190, 196, 256, 273
Franco, Francisco (1892–1975), military general, leader of Spain
146
Frank, Anne (1929–1944), Holocaust victim
94
Frank, Hans (1900–1946), politician, lawyer and convicted war criminal
80
Frankfurt (Main), Germany
222
Frederick II the Great (1712–1786), king of Prussia
196
Gafencu, Valeriu (1921–1952), fascist paramilitary
142
Galicia, Galicians (Eastern Europe)
28
Gdańsk, Poland
38, 189–205
Museum of the Second World War
14, 29, 65, 68
Westerplatte
16, 202, 205
Gdynia, Poland
26
Georgia, Georgians
6
Germany, Germans
3–8, 11–12, 14, 16–18, 20–21, 23–24, 26–34, 36, 38–39, 66, 70–72, 91, 93, 108, 111–112, 114, 117, 124, 133, 136, 141, 163–183, 190–202, 204–205, 210–211, 213, 215–216, 218–224, 229–239, 241–245, 251–252, 254, 258, 261, 269–271, 273, 275
East Germany (officially the German Democratic Republic [GDR])
31–34, 193–194
West Germany (officially the Federal Republic of Germany [FRG])
31–34, 192, 241–242
Gheorghiu-Dej, Gheorghe (1901–1965), leader of Romania
131
Glinishche, Belarus
210
Gliński, Piotr (b. 1954), politician
68
Gniewczyna Łańcucka, Poland
massacre (1942)
67
Gochin, Grant A. (1963)
118
Gomel, Belarus
222
Gomułka, Władysław (1905–1982), de facto leader of the Polish People’s Republic
198
Gonta, Ivan (d. 1768), Cossack rebel
88
Gorbachev, Mikhail (1931–2022), leader of the Soviet Union
204
Gorghiu, Alina (b. 1978), politician
151, 153, 155
Gosk, Aleksander (b. 1950), journalist and author
204
Grabowski, Jan (b. 1962), historian
30–31, 74, 77
Great Britain, see United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Grodno, Belarus
222
Gross, Tomasz Jan (b. 1947), sociologist and historian
66, 78, 123
Gumuliauskas, Arūnas (b. 1958), historian and politician
121–122
Gursztyn, Piotr (b. 1970), writer
18
Gușă, Cozmin (b. 1970), physicist and journalist
147
Gyr, Radu (1905–1975), poet
142, 146, 156
Gyula, Hungary
167, 179–180
Hamburg, Germany
222
Hať, Czechia
233
Heidegger, Martin (1889–1976), philosopher
146
Henlein, Konrad (1898–1945), politician
236
Heydrich, Reinhard (1904–1942), politician, SS official
210–211
Himka, John-Paul (b. 1949), historian
87–88, 93–94
Himmler, Heinrich (1900–1945), politician, SS official
198, 210
Hitler, Adolf (1889–1945), leader of Germany
10, 18, 31, 37, 73, 196, 200, 236–237, 240, 244, 249
Hitler-Stalin Pact (1939), see Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact
Hlučín, Czechia
region
39, 41, 229–245
Hoandră, Octavian (b. 1958), journalist and author
147
Hoeres, Peter (b. 1971), historian
33
Hohenzollerns, dynasty
232
Holocaust (also Shoah, 1941–1945)
5, 8, 13–14, 16, 26–32, 34–36, 39, 41–42, 63, 66–68, 70–71, 73–78, 80, 85–99, 105–127, 131–156, 164, 176, 178, 209–225, 249–265, 270–276, 278–281
Holodomor (1932–1933)
35, 85–90, 92–93, 95
Horn, Gyula (1932–2013), prime minister of Hungary
171
Hubel, Milena, historian
42
Hungary, Hungarians
3, 8, 17, 19, 28, 36, 38, 132–133, 140, 149, 155, 163–183, 238
revolution (1956)
171
Huși, Romania
156
Hus, Jan (c. 1370–1415), theologian
235
Hussism, Hussites
235
Iași, Romania
134, 152, 179
Iliescu, Ion (b. 1930), president of Romania
132–134, 152–153
Ionescu, Nae (1890–1940), philosopher and logician
146
Ionescu, Tudor (b. 1978), lawyer
148–149
Ionescu-Quintus, Mircea (1917–2017), politician
135
Israel, Israelis
9, 14, 16, 28, 65, 70–72, 88–90, 109, 114, 120, 122, 132–133, 218, 255, 260–261, 287
Italy, Italians
271–272
Jackson, Bruce P. (b. 1952), political scientist
133
Jaki, Patryk (b. 1985), politician
72
Janicka, Elżbieta (b. 1970), photographer
74
Japan, Japanese
253
Jaruzelski, Wojciech (1923–2014), military general, de facto leader of the Polish People’s Republic, president of Poland
195, 203–204
Jassy, see Iași
Jeckeln, Friedrich (1895–1946), SS official
251–252
Jedwabne, Poland
pogrom (1941)
66–69, 78, 123, 139
John Paul II (born Karol Józef Wojtyła, 1920–2005), pope
190
Judaism, Jews
8, 13–15, 25, 28–31, 36, 39, 41, 63–80, 85–99, 105–127, 131–156, 164, 177, 193, 209–212, 215–216, 218–225, 250–254, 256, 259–262, 264–265, 273, 276
Junevičius, Dainius (b. 1958), diplomat
119
Juršėnas, Česlovas (b. 1938), politician
110
Kaczyński, Jarosław (b. 1949), politician
3, 5, 31, 68
Kaczyński, Lech (1949–2010), president of Poland
67
Kalay-Kleitman, Zina, diplomat
89
Kalniete, Sandra (b. 1952), politician
258
Kaniūkai, Lithuania
massacre (1943–1944)
113–114
Karelia, Karelians
269
Karlovy Vary, Czechia
230
Karlsbad, see Karlovy Vary
Karsai, Elek (1922–1986), historian
167
Kasianov, Georgiy (b. 1961), historian
34–35
Katyn, Russia
massacre (1940)
38, 190, 203–204
Katz, Dovid (b. 1956), Jewish studies scholar
110–111, 139
Kazakhstan, Kazakhs, Kazakhstanis
230
Keitzner, Miriam (1920–2016), Holocaust survivor
254
Kelso, Michelle, sociologist and historian
125
Kersten, Krystyna (1931–2008), historian
72
Kharkiv, Ukraine
95
Drobytsky Yar massacre (1941)
99
Khatyn, Belarus
massacre (1943)
218
Khmelnytsky, Bohdan (1595–1657), hetman of the Zaporizhian Host
88
Khrzhanovsky, Ilya (b. 1975), film director, screenwriter
98
Kidawa-Błońska, Małgorzata (b. 1957), politician
76
Kladiwa, Pavel (1973), historian
39–41
Klitschko, Vitali (b. 1971), politician
97–98
Kohl, Helmut (1930–2017), chancellor of West Germany, chancellor of Germany
194
Kohl, Paul (b. 1937)
218
Kołakowski, Leszek (1927–2009), philosopher and historian
199
Kolomoyskyi, Ihor (b. 1963), businessman
95
Komorowski, Bronisław (b. 1952), president of Poland
68
Komotau, see Chomutov
Konev, Ivan (1897–1973), military leader
230
Koshman, Vadim (b. 1975), archaeologist
223
Kostyuchenko, Konstantin (b. 1980), sculptor
219
Kovács, Béla (1908–1959), politician
173
Koydanova, see Dzyarzhynsk
Kozakiewicz, Mikołaj (1923–1998), sociologist and politician
192
Kozelsk, Russia
POW camp
203–204
Kravaře, Czechia
231, 242
Kravchuk, Leonid (1934–2022), president of Ukraine
91
Krupava (Pol. Krupa), Belarus
278
Kuchma, Leonid (b. 1938), president of Ukraine
91
Kukliansky, Faina (b. 1951)
118–119
Kurilla, Ivan (b. 1967), historian and publicist
229
Kursk, Russia
10
Kurtyka, Janusz (1960–2010), historian
23
Kwaśniewski, Aleksander (b. 1954), president of Poland
67
Kyiv, Ukraine
93, 97
Babyn Yar massacre (1941)
90–93, 95–99
Landsbergis, Vytautas (b. 1932), politician
122
Lasáková, Hedvika
244
Latvia, Latvians
6, 16, 20, 35, 41, 141, 212, 230, 249–265
Lavric, Sorin (b. 1967), writer, philosopher and politician
143–145
Lebedeva, Natalia (b. 1939), historian
203
Leipzig, Germany
258
Lenin, Vladimir (1870–1924), leader of the Soviet Union
19–20, 23
Levin, Leonid (1936–2014), architect
220, 222, 225
Lida, Belarus
269
Liekis, Šarūnas (b. 1969), historian and politologist
114
Liepāja, Latvia
249, 253
Linkevičius, Linas (b. 1961), politician
117–118, 120
Lipke, Žanis (Jānis) (1900–1987), rescuer of Jews from the Holocaust
265
Lipski, Jan Józef (1926–1991), literature historian, politician
66
Lithuania, Lithuanians
6, 14, 16, 27–28, 35, 41, 67, 105–127, 140, 269
Lozynskyj, Askold (b. 1952), author
88
Lukashenka, Alyaksandr (b. 1954), president of Belarus
17, 219–221, 224
Lviv, Ukraine
pogrom (1941)
88
Macharski, Franciszek (1927–2016), archbishop of Cracow, cardinal
203
Machcewicz, Paweł (b. 1966), historian
69
Mährisch Ostrau, see Ostrava
Maiorescu, Titu (1840–1917), literary critic and politician
136
Majadahonda, Spain
146
Makhotina, Ekaterina (b. 1982), historian
123
Maly Trostenets, Belarus
concentration camp
13, 39–40, 209–226
Manciu, Constantin (d. 1924), politician
152
Manu, G(h)eorg(h)e (1903–1961), physicist
144
Mărășești, Romania
134
Margolis, Rachel (1921–2015), partisan
114
Marin, Vasile (1904–1937), politician, lawyer and fascist military
146
Markowa (Subcarpathia), Poland
massacre (1944)
69
Márkus, Béata (b. 1988), historian
36
Marmației, Romania
179
Marx, Karl (1818–1888), philosopher, political theorist, and economist
Marxism
31, 144
Mary the Virgin (fl. end of the 1st cent. BCE / beginning of the 1st cent. CE), St
272, 278
Masuria, Masurians
232
Mazowiecki, Tadeusz (1927–2013), prime minister of Poland
192
Mecseknádasd, Hungary
179–180
Meidad, Yaakov (alias Anton Künzle, 1919–2012), Mossad agent, writer
254–255, 259, 262, 264
Menczer, Erszébet (b. 1961), politician
180
Merkulov, Vsevolod (1895–1953), politician, head of the NKGB
204
Mickiewicz, Adam (1798–1855), poet and writer
189
Millers, Juris (b. 1978), event producer, journalist and author
255–256
Minsk, Belarus,
Drozdy Dulag
210
Masyukovshchina POW camp (Stalag 352)
210–211
Mionskowski, Brunon (1909–1995), political activist
202
Mir, Belarus
222
Modrow, Hans (b. 1928), prime minister of East Germany
194
Mogilev, Belarus
210–211, 217, 222
Moldova, Moldovians
89, 141, 149
Molodechno, Belarus
222
Molotov, Vyacheslav (1890–1986), Soviet minister of foreign affairs
Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact (1939)
8, 14, 18, 175
Montevideo, Uruguay
254
Moravia, Moravians
39, 210, 231–233, 235, 237–238, 251
Morawiecki, Mateusz (b. 1968), prime minister of Poland
72
Moscow, Russia
4, 146, 194, 204, 253
Moses, Alfred (b. 1929), attorney and diplomat
133–134
Moța, Ion (1902–1937), fascist paramilitary
146
Munich, Germany
37, 143
agreement (1938)
236
Munteanu, Marian (b. 1962), ethnologist, anthropologist and politician
148, 150–155
Murnau, Germany
POW camp
271
Năstase, Adrian (b. 1950), prime minister of Romania
134
Nausėda, Gitanas (b. 1964), president of Lithuania
122
Navahrudak, Belarus
269
Neisse, river
190–191, 193–194, 198, 200
Netanyahu, Benjamin (b. 1949), prime minister of Israel
90
Niezabitowska, Małgorzata (b. 1948), journalist and politician
201
Nikžentaitis, Alvydas (b. 1961), historian
121
Noica, Constantin (1909–1987), philosopher and essayist
143
Noreika, Jonas (alias Generalos Vėtra, 1910–1947), anti-Soviet fighter, Nazi collaborator
106–107, 116–121, 125–126
Notz, Konstantin von (b. 1971), politician
33
Novopolotsk, Belarus
222
Nowicka-Franczak (b. 1984), Magdalena, sociologist
34
Nowina-Konopka, Piotr (b. 1949), politician
203
Nuremberg, Germany
Trials (1945–1946)
140–141
Óbánya, Hungary
167
Óbuda, Hungary
180
October Revolution (1917)
4
Oder, river
190–194, 198–200
Odesa, Ukraine
95
Odyniec, Maria (1914–2010), author
198
Ogoranu, Ion Gavrilă (1923–2006), fascist paramilitary, author
138
Olmütz, see Olomouc
Olomouc, Czechia
231
Olonets, Russia
269
Olsztyn, Poland
196
Opava, Czechia
231, 234, 240
Orbán, Viktor (b. 1963), prime minister of Hungary
171–172, 174, 176, 180
Ostashkov, Russia
POW camp
203–204
Ostrava, Czechia
22, 231, 241
Oświęcim, Poland
275
Auschwitz Concentration Camp
42, 71, 73, 78, 139, 164, 211, 218–219, 270–276, 278–281
Pakalniškis, Aleksandras (1910–2012), writer
117
Paleologu, Theodor (b. 1973), politician
153
Palestine, Palestinians
253
Pankowski, Rafał (b. 1976), sociologist and politologist
139
Paris, France
201
peace conference (1919–1920)
232–233
Pârvu, Iustin (1919–2013), Roman Orthodox monk
137
Paus, Lisa (b. 1968), politician
33
Pazderski, Mieczysław (alias Szary, 1908–1945), physician, soldier
25
Pécs, Hungary
180
Pence, Mike (b. 1959), vice president of the USA
16
Peters, Gustav (1885–1959), politician
234–235
Petřkovice, Czechia
233
Petru Vodă, Romania
137
Pilecka, Maria (1899–1991), wife of Witold Pilecki, teacher
270, 272
Pilecka-Optułowicz, Zofia (b. 1933), daughter of Witold Pilecki, writer
270
Pilecki, Andrzej (b. 1932), son of Witold Pilcki
270, 278
Pilecki, Witold (alias Tomasz Serafiński, 1901–1948), cavalry officer, intelligence agent
42, 269–281
Pinks, Belarus
222
Píšť, Czechia
233
Pleșu, Andrei (b. 1948), philosopher and politician
146
Plungė, Lithuania
massacre (1941)
117–118
Podlachia, Podlachians
67
Podolsky, Anatoly (b. 1968), historian
95
Poland, Poles
3, 5, 7–8, 11–31, 34, 38–39, 42, 63–80, 86, 123, 139, 141, 149, 155, 189–205, 221, 224, 229–230, 250, 253, 269–281
Pomerania, Pomeranians
198
Pomian, Krzysztof (b. 1934), philosopher, historian and essayist
5
Popescu-Tăriceanu, Călin (b. 1952), prime minister of Romania
138
Porajmos
35, 105
Poroshenko, Petro (b. 1965), president of Ukraine
89–90, 93, 96
Potsdam, Germany
conference (1945)
166, 190
Pound, Ezra (1885–1972), poet
146
Prague, Czechia
210, 230
Preda, Radu (b. 1972), theologian
143
Prussia, Prussians
39, 231–232, 234
Puric, Dan (b. 1959), actor and political activist
150
Putin, Vladimir (b. 1952), president of Russia
8–10, 230
Racibórz, Poland
231, 233, 236
Račinskas, Ronaldas (b. 1968), historian
113
Radziejowska, Hanna (b. 1980)
275
Radziłów, Poland
pogrom (1941)
67
Raețchi, Ovidiu (b. 1979), politician
154
Rajs, Romuald (alias Bury, 1913–1949), soldier,
25
Ramanauskas-Vanagas, Adolfas (1918–1957), partisan
123–124
Râmnicu Sărat, Romania
134
Ratibor, see Racibórz
Rau, Johannes (1931–2006), president of Germany
220
Reich, Jens (b. 1939), molecular biologist, political activist
193
Reszka, Paweł (b. 1977), journalist and writer
86
Řezník, Miloš (b. 1970), historian
30
Rezun, Vladimir B. (alias Viktor Suvorov, b. 1947), writer
17
Ribbentrop, Joachim von (1893–1946), German minister of foreign affairs
Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact (1939)
8, 14, 18, 175
Riga, Latvia
210, 249–254, 256, 259–264
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
254
Rivlin, Reuven (b. 1939), president of Israel
90
Rivne, Ukraine
Sosonky massacre (1941)
99
Roman, Petre (b. 1946), prime minister of Romania
153
Romani people (also Roma)
35, 91–92, 96, 105, 132, 136, 140, 149, 151
Romania, Romanians
3, 17, 28, 36–37, 131–156, 164
Romaniv, Stefan (1955–2024), politician
87
Rome, Italy
271
Rugia (Ger. Rügen), island
236
Rumbula, forest
massacre (1941)
251
Russia, Russians
3, 6, 8–14, 18–19, 33, 35, 80, 89, 92, 98, 115–116, 118, 120, 123–125, 164, 167, 171, 194, 202, 211, 222, 230, 238, 244, 251, 255–256, 258–259, 269
Saint Petersburg, Russia
251–253, 257
Sanok, Poland
21
São Paulo, Brazil
254–255
Sawicka, Hanka (1917–1943), communist activist
23
Schetyna, Grzegorz (b. 1963), politician
76
Schmidt, Mária (b. 1953), historian
172
Schmitt, Carl (1888–1985), jurist and political theorist
145
Scholtis, August (1901–1969), writer
232
Schwennicke, Christoph (b. 1966), journalist
45
Šeduva, Lithuania
124–125
Serbia, Serbs
3, 6, 9, 131
Shafir, Michael (1944–2022), politologist
36
Shapiro, Abraham (aka Sasha Semenof, 1924–2013), Holocaust survivor
254, 256–257, 262
Shashkovka, forest
Holocaust mass burning site
212–213, 215–217, 225
Shoah, see Holocaust
Shukhevych, Roman (1907–1950), military leader
89
Šiauliai, Lithuania
117–120
Siberia, Siberians
108, 202, 269
Silesia, Silesians
39, 198, 231–234, 243, 273
First Silesian War (1740–1742)
231
Šimašius, Remigijus (b. 1974), politician
119–120
Slovakia, Slovaks
3, 6, 17, 141, 155, 241
Snyder, Timothy D. (b. 1969), historian
13
Sokolov, Czechia
230
Somlyai, Magda (1926–2012), historian
167
Soviet Union (USSR), Soviets
3–4, 7–8, 11–18, 20–21, 23–25, 27, 31–32, 35–36, 38–39, 41, 67, 72, 86, 88, 91–92, 95, 105–117, 120–121, 123–126, 134, 140, 163–183, 190, 192, 197–199, 201–205, 209–210, 213–224, 229–230, 250–253, 256–259, 261, 263–264, 269, 273, 275, 286
Spain, Spaniards
Spanish Civil War (1936–1939)
146
Spurina, Maija, sociologist
41
Stalin, Joseph (1878–1953), leader of the Soviet Union
35, 105, 107, 115, 126, 164, 177, 199, 204
Hitler-Stalin Pact (1939), see Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact
Stalinism
11–12, 140–141, 172, 174–175, 181
Stalingrad, see Volgograd
Stănciulescu, Oana (b. 1974), journalist
145–147, 154
Stark, Tamás (b. 1959), historian
173
Starobilsk, Ukraine (de jure) / Russia (de facto)
POW camp
203
Starzyński Dwór, Poland
24
Steinmeier, Frank-Walter (b. 1956), president of Germany
16, 224
Stępiński, Zygmunt (b. 1947), historian
69
Stettin, see Szczecin
Stockholm, Sweden
258–259
Stola, Dariusz (b. 1963), historian
69, 76
Subcarpathia, Subcarpathians
67
Subotić, Jelena (b. 1970), politologist
106, 121
Sudetenland, Sudeten Germans
236, 239
Sudice, Czechia
234
Sukurčy (Pol. Sukurcze), Belarus
269
Sužiedėlis, Saulius (b. 1945), historian
111, 113–114
Svaliava Ukraine
170
Switzerland, Swiss
221
Szalay-Bobrovniczky, Alexandra (b. 1987), politician
163
Szczecin, Poland
195–196
Szczuczyn, Poland
pogrom (1941)
67
Szolyva, Hungary, see Svaliava
Taksony, Hungary
167, 179
Telšiai, Lithuania
massacres (1941)
118
Terezin, Czechia
Theresienstadt Ghetto
222
Těšín (Pol. Cieszyn, Ger. Teschen), Czechia
39, 231, 243
The Gambia, Gambians
249, 253, 255–256
Thröm, see Třebom
Tiso, Jozef (1887–1947), Roman Catholic priest, president of Slovakia
141
Totok, William (b. 1951), writer and publicist
149
Transcarpathia, Transcarpathians
170, 179
Transnistria, Transnistrians
134
Transylvania, Transylvanians
179
Třebom, Czechia
234, 237
Trianon Peace Treaty (1920)
165
Tropau, see Opava
Tryczyk, Mirosław (b. 1977), philosopher and writer
74–75
Trzcianne, Poland
67
Tuchinka, Belarus
210
Tudor, Corneliu Vadim (1949–2015), poet and politician
154
Tusk, Donald (b. 1957), prime minister of Poland
26, 69, 191
Ukraine, Ukrainians
3, 8–14, 17, 25, 28, 34–35, 85–99, 115–116, 121–122, 141, 170, 212, 230
Holodomor (1932–1933)
35, 85–90, 92–93, 95
Ulma, Wiktoria (1912–1944), Roman Catholic martyr
69
Ulmanis, Kārlis (1877–1942), prime minister and president of Latvia
250–251, 253, 258, 264
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), see Soviet Union
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, British
195–196, 230, 254, 274
United States of America (USA), US Americans
15, 70, 88, 93, 110, 114, 120, 133, 166, 192, 196, 229, 263
Uruguay, Uruguayans
254–255, 261
Usedom, island
236
Valatka, Rimvydas (b. 1956)
117
Van der Bellen, Alexander (b. 1944), president of Austria
224
Vanagaitė, Rūta (b. 1955), writer, journalist
67, 123–124f
Vatican City
271
Venclova, Tomas (b. 1937), poet and writer
110
Versailles, France
treaty (1919)
200, 202
Vestermanis, Marģers (b. 1925), Holocaust survivor, historian
260
Vexler, Silviu (b. 1988), politician
155–156
Vienna, Austria
210, 219, 222
Vīķe-Freiberga, Vaira (b. 1937), president of Latvia
258–259
Vilnius, Lithuania
109–110, 118–119, 269
Vistula, river
275
Miracle on the Vistula (1920), see Warsaw, battle (1920)
Vitebsk, Belarus
222
Vlasov, Andrey (1901–1946), military leader
11–12
Volgograd, Russia
10
Volhynia, Volhynians
28, 204
Wałęsa, Lech (b. 1943), president of Poland
193, 195
Wangerooge, island
236
Warmia, Warmians
199
Warsaw, Poland
30, 73, 194, 203, 271, 275–276
battle (1920)
269, 275
ghetto uprising (1943)
79
uprising (1944)
7, 16, 271, 287
Wąsocz, Poland
pogrom (1941)
67
Weber, Max (1864–1920), sociologist, historian, jurist, and political economist
145
Weidel, Alice (b. 1979), politician
33
Wieluń, Poland
16, 275
Wiesel, Elie (1928–2016), writer and political activist
133, 156
Wiesenthal, Simon (1908–2005), Holocaust survivor and Nazi hunter
Center, Los Angeles
255
Wojtyła, Karol Józef, see John Paul II
Wolff-Powęska, Anna (b. 1941), historian and politologist
189, 197
World War I (1914–1918)
5, 169, 190, 269, 275
Wrocław, Poland
196
Wuppertal, Germany
222
Wurmbrand, Richard (1909–2001), Lutheran priest
142
Yad Vashem, Israel
70, 98, 181, 260
Yalta, Ukraine (de jure) / Russia (de facto) conference (1945)
189–190, 192, 198–201
Yocheles-Brantsovskaya, Fania (b. 1922), partisan
114
Yuchnovo, Russia
POW camp
203
Yugoslavia, Yugoslav
4, 131, 164
Yushchenko, Viktor (b. 1954), president of Ukraine
87–89, 91–92
Zadzierski, Józef (alias Wołyniak vel Zawisza, 1923–1946), soldier
25
Žagarė Lithuania
117, 120
Zaliznyak, Maksym (d. after 1768), Cossack leader
88
Zamfirescu, Florin (b. 1949), actor and director
150–151
Zauditz, see Sudice
Zelensky, Volodymyr (b. 1978), president of Ukraine
90
Ziemkiewicz, Rafał A. (b. 1964), writer
17
Żukowski, Tomasz (b. 1969), literature historian
74
Zürn, Michael (b. 1959), politologist
77
Zuroff, Efraim (b. 1948), historian, Nazi hunter
67
Zychowicz, Piotr (b. 1980), writer
17