Appendix 1: Step 1 – Initial Codes and the Frequencies Developed under RQ1
Interview Question 1: What factors are behind the integration of charismatic features in ELCT-ECD?
Anchor Code: Factors
Stage 1: Initial Coding
Coding line by line Classified alphabetically.
Out of 19 respondents, 18 participants responded to question no 1; based on the research questions, purpose and problem of the study; the researcher identified 55 initial codes under their anchor code: factors.
Factors: address socio-cultural and economic problems (EP 11, 13, 14) 3 (3)
Factors: administrative system (EP 10) (1)
Factors: an African Pentecostal trend (EP 16) 2
Factors: being more theologically oriented (EP 10) (2)
Factors: bettering prosperity preachers’ life (EP 16) 1
Factors: biblical command (EP 9) (8)
Factors: blessing people (EP 9) (3)
Factors: change is inevitable” (EP 11) 1
Factors: charismatic background of Lutheran pastors (EP 16) 2
Factors: charismatic music attracting youth (Afrobeat) (EP 2) 2
Factors: charismatic worship attracting Lutherans (EP 15, 19, 14,) 3 (6)
Factors: church leaders being silent (EP 10, 11, 13, 15) 4 (4)
Factors: demand from Lutherans (EP 11, 13, 15, 16, 17, 19, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 14, 10) 14 (24)
Factors: embarrassing changes (EP 11) 2
Factors: fear of losing Lutheran members (EP 11, 5, 7) 3 (3)
Factors: focusing on collecting offerings (EP 10) (1)
Factors: foundational pillars of ECD (EP 14) (2)
Factors: geographical location (EP 9, 14, 7) 3 (4)
Factors: having feared, generous and committed Christians (EP 9) (3)
Factors: having supernatural powers attracting people (EP 19) (1)
Factors: high rate of religious morality (EP 10) (1)
Factors: initiative of Lutheran members (EP 3) 1
Factors: intercultural entanglement (EP 10) (1)
Factors: it is the matter of “Kairos” (EP 10) (1)
Factors: lack of a solid Lutheran theological foundation (EP 10, 19) 2 (3)
Factors: lack of Lutheran ideologists (EP 10) (2)
Factors: lack of prophetic voice to address misleading teachings (EP 19) 1
Factors: lack of self-confidence among Lutheran Pastors (EP 19) (1)
Factors: lack of self-identification (EP 10) (1)
Factors: lutheran liturgy more western (EP 1) 1
Factors: lutheran liturgy not appealing to African context (EP 10, 1) 2 (2)
Factors: lutherans believe charismatic worship as best (EP 7) 1
Factors: lutherans copying from Pentecostals (EP 4, 2) 2 (2)
Factors: means of increasing church income (EP 2, 4, 10, 15, 16, 19, 9) 7 (11)
Factors: mission strategies (EP 14) (2)
Factors: morning glory spreading through migrants (EP 14) (2)
Factors: moving from analogue to digital mission strategies” (EP 14) (1)
Factors: neglecting willingly Lutheran traditions (EP 4) 1
Factors: paradigm shift from Lutheranism to charismatic (EP 19) (1)
Factors: paraphrasing prosperity teachings online (EP 10) (1)
Factors: preventing Lutherans from being intoxicated by false teachings (EP 11) 1
Factors: preventing Lutheran from moving to Pentecostals (EP 19, 2, 4, 5) 4 (4)
Factors: process of adjusting to the new charismatic wave (EP 10) (1)
Factors: providing a platform for interdenominational encounter (EP 11) 1
Factors: providing solutions to poverty and disease (EP 1) 1
Factors: quest for self-dependency (EP 16) 1
Factors: response to mission challenges (EP 17) 1
Factors: serving an unchangeable God in a changing context (EP 14) (3)
Factors: socio-cultural context differences (EP 9) (2)
Factors: tanzanians like teachings about prosperity (EP 1)
Factors: the exchange of Socio-cultural elements (EP 10) (1)
Factors: the pressure from below” (EP 16)1
Factors: the spread of prosperity gospel on social media (EP 19) (1)
Factors: the system of recruiting Lutheran pastors (EP 16) 2
Factors: using social media (EP 10) (2)
Appendix 2: Step 2 – Focused Coding – Phase 1 – RQ1
Stage 2: Focused coding
Moving from codes to Categories (Clusters)
Phase 1: Identifying the Dominant Codes
Research Question 1: What are the factors behind the integration of charismatic features in ELCT-ECD?
Anchor Code: Factors
Out of 8 respondents, 7 participants responded to question no 1, based on the Research questions, purpose, and problem of the study the researcher identified 25 initial codes under their anchor code: factors.
Appendix 3: Step 2 – Focused Coding – Phase 2 – RQ1
Phase 2: Putting the dominant codes into their respective clusters, categories or themes and their supporting codes or sub-codes
Appendix 4: Step 2 – Focused Coding – Phase 3 – RQ1
Phase 3: Examine the codes in each cluster and label the Clusters, Categories or Themes and their supporting codes as evidence.
Anchor Code: Factors
Research Question 1: What are the factors behind integrating charismatic features in ELCT-ECD?
Appendix 5: Step 3 – Theoretical Coding – RQ1
Appendix 6: Step 1 – Initial Coding and the Frequencies Developed Under RQ2
RQ2: What are the effects of integrating charismatic features especially, teaching prosperity gospel, with reference to the African cosmology, on the Lutheran identity and lives of Lutheran members in the ELCT-ECD?
IQ2: What are the impacts of integrating charismatic features, especially the teachings of prosperity, on the Lutheran identity and traditions in ELCT-ECD? Effects Green (IQ2) (Effects on Lutheran Identity and Traditions)
IQ3: What are the spiritual, social, economic, and psychological changes your members have experienced since the prosperity gospel was preached in ELCT-ECD? Effects Blue (IQ3) (Impacts on People’s Lives)
IQ4: Does referring to the African cosmology of spirits in prosperity teaching affect the interpretation and understanding of those teachings? How? Effects black (IQ4): Effects of African socio-cultural context on the understanding of prosperity gospel)
IQ7: Do you think such teachings have brought positive transformations both qualitatively and quantitatively in ECD and the congregants’ lives? How? Why? Effects red (IQ 7) (Effects of Prosperity gospel on the transformation of ELCT-ECD) Transformation
Stage 1: Initial Coding
Coding line by line classified alphabetically
Out of 19 respondents, 17 participants responded to questions no 2,3,4 and 7, based on the Research questions, purpose, and problem of the study the researcher identified 184 initial codes under their anchor codes as indicated above but all four interview questions represent the Research question 2 under the anchor code: Effects.
Effects: acknowledging Socio-cultural background effects (EP 15, 16, 19, 9, 14, 10, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 1, 5) 13 (22)
Effects: addressing people’s daily needs (EP 11, 9) 2 (3)
Effects: addressing spiritual problems (EP 13) (2)
Effects: addressing the African spirituality (EP 11, 13) 2 (3)
Effects: addressing the real problems of Africans (EP 6) 1
Effects: addressing the socio-cultural and economic problem (EP 10, 2, 14) 3 (6)
Effects: affecting Lutheran traditions (EP 8) 1
Effects: affecting negatively the Lutheran identity and traditions (EP 15) (4)
Effects: negatively affecting the Lutheran practices (EP 16, 15) 2 (3)
Effects: affecting positively the Lutheran identity and traditions (EP 9, 14, 4) 3 (5)
Effects: affecting positively the spirituality of Lutherans (EP 15) (1)
Effects: affecting the tradition of transferring pastors (EP 7) 1
Effects: against socio-cultural reference (EP 16) 1
Effects: against speaking of personal matters on the pulpit (EP 16) 3
Effects: allowing the gospel to speak to the heart of Africans (EP 7, 8) 2 (2)
Effects: antidote against misleading teachings (EP 14) (3)
Effects: attracted by morning glory worship services (EP 14) (1)
Effects: attracting investors (Banks) (EP 14) (1)
Effects: attracting people from different denominations (EP 10, 14) 2 (3)
Effects: attracting people to Lutheran faith (EP 14) (2)
Etc.
Appendix 7: Step 2 – Focused Coding – Phase 1 – RQ2
Stage 2: Focused coding:
Moving from codes to Categories, themes (Clusters)
Phase 1: Identifying the dominant Codes.
RQ2: What are the effects of integrating charismatic features especially, teaching prosperity gospel, with reference to the African cosmology, on the Lutheran identity and lives of Lutheran members in the ELCT-ECD?
IQ 2: What are the impacts of integrating charismatic features, especially the teachings of prosperity, on the Lutheran identity and traditions in ELCT-ECD? Effects Green (IQ2) (Effects on Lutheran Identity and Traditions)
IQ3: What are the spiritual, social, economic, and psychological changes your members have experienced since the prosperity gospel was preached in ELCT-ECD? Effects Blue (IQ3) (Impacts on People’s Lives)
IQ4: Does referring to the African cosmology of spirits in prosperity teaching affect the interpretation and understanding of those teachings? How? Effects black (IQ4): Effects of African socio-cultural context on the understanding of prosperity gospel)
IQ7: Do you think such teachings have brought positive transformations both qualitatively and quantitatively in ECD and the congregants’ lives? How? Why? Effects red (IQ 7) (Effects of Prosperity gospel on the transformation of ELCT-ECD) Transformation
Out of 19 respondents, 17 participants responded to questions no 2,3,4 and 7, based on the Research questions, purpose, and problem of the study the researcher identified 184 initial codes under their anchor codes as indicated above but all four interview questions represent the Research question 2 under the anchor code: Effects.
Appendix 8: Step 2 – Focused Coding – Phase 2 – RQ2
Phase 2: Putting the dominant codes into their respective clusters, categories or themes and their supporting codes or sub-codes.
Out of 19 respondents, 17 participants responded to questions no 2,3,4 and 7, based on the Research questions, purpose, and problem of the study the researcher identified 184 initial codes under tWheir anchor codes as indicated above but all four interview questions represent the Research question 2 under the anchor code: Effects. After classifying the initial codes based on their counts and frequency the researcher constructed 6 clusters.
Appendix 9: Step 2 – Focused Coding – Phase 3 – RQ2
Phase 3: Examine the codes in each cluster and label the Clusters, Categories or Themes and their supporting codes as evidence.
Anchor Code: Effects
RQ2: What are the effects of integrating charismatic features especially, teaching prosperity gospel, with reference to the African cosmology, on the Lutheran identity and lives of Lutheran members in the ELCT-ECD?
IQ2: What are the impacts of integrating charismatic features, especially the teachings of prosperity, on the Lutheran identity and traditions in ELCT-ECD? Effects Green (IQ2) (Effects on Lutheran Identity and Traditions)
IQ3: What are the spiritual, social, economic, and psychological changes your members have experienced since the prosperity gospel was preached in ELCT-ECD? Effects Blue (IQ3) (Impacts on People’s Lives)
IQ4: Does referring to the African cosmology of spirits in prosperity teaching affect the interpretation and understanding of those teachings? How? Effects black (IQ4): Effects of African socio-cultural context on the understanding of prosperity gospel)
IQ7: Do you think such teachings have brought positive transformations both qualitatively and quantitatively in ECD and the congregants’ lives? How? Why? Effects red (IQ 7) (Effects of Prosperity gospel on the transformation of ELCT-ECD) Transformation
Out of 19 respondents, 17 participants responded to questions no 2,3,4 and 7, based on the Research questions, purpose, and problem of the study the researcher identified 184 initial codes under their anchor codes as indicated above but all four interview questions represent the Research question 2 under the anchor code: Effects. After classifying the initial codes based on their counts and frequency the researcher constructed 6 clusters. Out of the 6 clusters, the researcher based on the examination of the clusters and their supporting codes as evidence the researcher generated 4 key clusters.
Appendix 10: Step 3 – Theoretical Coding – RQ2
Appendix 11: Step 1 – Initial Coding and the Frequencies Developed Under RQ3
A. RQ3 (IQ5): What is your view about “prosperity gospel” as an African Tanzanian Lutheran pastor and teacher of the word of God in ELCT-ECD? (Description of prosperity gospel from an African perspective) Description
Anchor Code: Description of Prosperity gospel from an African perspective
B. RQ3 (IQ6): How can you describe prosperity gospel as taught in ELCT-ECD? (Description of Prosperity gospel within ELCT-ECD) Description
Anchor Code: Description of Prosperity gospel within ECD
Step 1: Initial Coding or Open coding
Coding line by line classified alphabetically
Out of 19 respondents, 15 participants, both charismatic and conservative pastors in the ELCT-ECD, responded to question no 3. Based on the Research questions, purpose, and the problem of the study, the researcher identified 88 initial codes under their anchor code: Description
Description: addressing the socio-cultural and economic problems (EP 10, 9) 2 (3)
Description: alleviating poverty (EP 9) (2)
Description: anti-depression (EP 2) 1
Description: attracting many people (EP 2) 1
Description: being spiritually, physically, economically, and mentally successful (EP 6) 1
Description: blessing basis of success (EP 6) 1
Description: blessing is holistic (EP 14) (1)
Description: celebrating and elevating prosperity preachers (EP 1, 7) 2 (3)
Description: church not a supermarket (EP 9) (1)
Description: contested teachings (EP 10) (2)
Description: controversial theme (EP 10) (1)
Description: demonstrating God’s power (EP 2) 2
Description: desire for success and material blessings (EP 1) 1
Description: divine healing is not a substitute for medicine (EP 13) (2)
Description: emphasis on the Kingdom of God (EP 19) (2)
Description: emphasizing investment skills (EP 9) (1)
Description: emphasizing on blessings because of grace (EP 13) 4
Description: emphasizing on Deliverance (EP 13) (2)
Description: emphasizing on giving to and receiving from God (EP 9, 16, 11) 3 (6)
Description: mafanikiyo as success (EP 13, 10) 2 (8)
Description: emphasizing on Religious economy (EP 14) (5)
Description: emphasizing on stewardship (EP 10) (2)
Description: emphasizing on the Kingdom of God (EP 13) (4)
Description: emphasizing on wealth accumulation (EP 1) 1
Description: emphasizing trust in God and hard work (EP 13, 14, 11, 9, 10, 19) 6 (11)
Description: giving and receiving as personal commitment to God (EP 11, 13) 2 (3)
Description: giving and receiving as result of faith in God (EP 13) 2
Description: giving and receiving not about trading (EP 13) 2
Description: giving as a counter gift (EP 8) 1
Description: giving as a counter gift for God’s mercy (EP 4, 5) 2 (2)
Description: giving as biblical commend (EP 9) (3)
Description: giving as expression of gratitude (EP 11) 1
Description: giving expecting something in return (EP 13) 4
Description: giving precondition of receiving (EP 8, 4) 2 (2)
Description: giving sinful life expecting eternal life (EP 13) 2
Description: god’s will to success (EP 6) 1
Description: good teachings (EP 2) 1
Description: having a different understanding of Prosperity in ECD (EP 14) (3)
Description: having a dual effect on people’s lives (EP 16, 11) 2 (4)
Description: injili ya mafanikio, not “Injili ya Utajirisho” (EP 10) (1)
Description: means of increasing church income (EP 14) (1)
Description: misleading concepts on “giving and receiving” (EP 13) 2 (6)
Description: misleading gospel (EP 1) 1
Description: misleading teachings about prosperity (EP 9, 13, 14, 8, 19) 5 (6)
Description: misused yet fruitful (EP 9) (1)
Description: misusing the gospel (EP 3) 1
Description: modality of giving and receiving criticized (EP 9) (1)
Description: motivate donating and offering (EP 4, 2) 2 (2)
Description: motivational aspects (EP 10, 1) 2 (3)
Description: need for success (EP 3, 5) 2 (2)
Description: need for theological training (EP 2) 1
Description: no discrimination based on amount given (EP 9, 14) 2 ( 2)
Description: not economically oriented (EP 9) (1)
Description: not misleading (EP 9) (2)
Description: obedience, submission and enjoying gift of life (EP 4) 1
Description: overemphasizing wealth and economic blessing (EP 16) (1)
Description: planting and expecting to reap in God’s time (EP 8) 1
Description: portraying Pentecostal theology (EP 14) (1)
Description: poverty eradication (EP 3) 1
Description: prominent teaching (EP 4) 1
Description: promoting “Harambee” (EP 19) (1)
Description: promoting greediness (EP 1) 1
Description: promoting personality cult (EP 7) 1
Description: promoting religious economy rather than prosperity (EP 14) (1)
Description: proper teachings needed (EP 4) 1
Description: prosperity gospel not substitute for hardworking (EP 13) 2
Description: prosperity not for free but earned (EP 19) (1)
Description: prosperity preachers misjudged as scammers (EP 13) 2
Description: proving spiritual principles for success EP 3, 1) 2
Description: relating to miracles, signs and healing (EP 2) 1
Description: relevant to people’s context (EP 10) (1)
Description: seeking Kingdom of God not substitute to blessings (EP 13) 2
Description: success not bought (EP 4) 1
Description: success result of hardworking (EP 1, 14) 2 (3)
Description: success varies (EP 6) 1
Description: supporting people financially (EP 14) (1)
Description: teaching contested (EP 5, 4, 7) 3 (3)
Description: teaching people how to prosper (EP 11, 14) 2 (3)
Description: teaching success holistically (EP 2, 3, 6) 3 (3)
Description: term prosperity very Pentecostal (EP 14) (1)
Description: theology of Exchange (EP 13) 2
Description: transformative power (EP 7) 1
Description: uncharitable reflects curse (EP 5) 1
Description: understanding prosperity beyond material blessings (EP 13) 2
Description: very prominent (EP 2) 1
Description: wealth and blessings believers’ inheritance (EP 6) 1
Appendix 12: Step 2 – Focused Coding – Phase 1 – RQ3
Step 2: Focused coding or Axial coding
Moving from codes to Categories (Clusters)
Phase 1: Identifying the Dominant Codes
RQ 3 (IQ5): What is your view about “prosperity gospel” as an African Tanzanian Lutheran pastor and teacher of the word of God in ELCT-ECD? (Description of prosperity gospel from an African perspective) Description
Anchor Code: Description
Coding line by line classified alphabetically
Out of 19 respondents, 11 participants responded to question no 1, based on the Research questions, purpose and problem of the study the researcher identified 58 initial codes under their anchor code: Description.
Appendix 13: Step 2 – Focused Coding – Phase 2 – RQ3
Phase 2: Putting the dominant codes into their respective clusters, categories or themes and their supporting codes or sub-codes
Appendix 14: Step 2 – Focused Coding – Phase 3 – RQ3
Phase 3: (Sorting) Examine the codes in each cluster and label the Clusters, Categories or Themes and their supporting codes as evidence.
Anchor Code: Description of Prosperity gospel from an African Perspective within ECD
